Multiple Integral 99

x 2 dr d , where A is the area between the circles r = a cos 28a 3

11. A
and r = 2a cos . Ans.
9
1 x
12. Transform the integral f ( x , y ) dy dx to the integral in polar co-ordinates.
0 0
/4 sec
Ans. f ( r , ) r d dr
0 0
2.4 CHANGE OF ORDER OF INTEGRATION
On changing the order of integration, the limits of integration change. To find the new limits,
we draw the rough sketch of the region of integration.
Some of the problems connected with double integrals, which seem to be complicated, can be
made easy to handle by a change in the order of integration.
a a x
Example 12. Evaluate dx dy by changing the order of integration.
0 y x2 y2

(AMIETE, June 2010, Nagpur University, Summer 2008)

Solution. Here we have Y
a a x
I= 0 y 2 dx dy y=a B
x y2
Here x = a, x = y, y = 0 and y = a
The area of integration is OAB.
On changing the order of integration Lower limit of
y = 0 and
x=a
upper limit is y = x.
Lower limit of x = 0 and upper limit is x = a.
a y x 1 X
I = xdx dy O y=0 A
0 0 x2 y2 Y
y x
y
a 1 1
xdx tan y=a B (a, a)
0 x 0 x
a x x
dx tan 1 tan 1 0
0 x x
a a a
dx [ x] Ans.
0 4 4 0 4 x=a
Example 13. Change the order of integration in
1 2–x
I= xy dx dy and hence evaluate the same. X
0 x2 O y=0 A
(A.M.I.E.T.E., June 2010, 2009, U.P. I Sem., Dec., 2004)
1 2– x
Solution. I = xy dx dy
0 x2
100 Multiple Integral

The region of integration is shown by shaded portion in the figure bounded by parabola y = x2
and the line y = 2 – x.
The point of intersection of the parabola y = x2 and the line y = 2 – x is B (1, 1).
In the figure below (left) we have taken a strip parallel to y-axis and the order of integration is
1 2– x
x dx y dy
0 x2
In the second figure above we have taken a strip parallel to x-axis in the area OBC and second
strip in the area ABC. The limits of x in the area OBC are 0 and y and the limits of x in the
area ABC are 0 and 2 – y.
y 2– y
1 y 2 2– y 1 x2 y x2
= y dy x dx y dx x dx y dy y dy
0 0 1 0 0 2 0 2
0 0
1
3
1 1 1 2 1 y 1 2
= y 2 dy y (2 – y) 2 dy (4 y – 4 y 2 y3 ) dy
2 0 2 1 2 3 2 1
0
2
1 1 4 y4 1 1 32 4 1
= 2 y 2 – y3 8– 4–2 –
6 2 3 4 6 2 3 3 4
1
1 1 96 – 128 48 – 24 16 – 3 1 5 9 3
= Ans.
6 2 12 6 24 24 8

x x2
Example 14. Evaluate the integral x exp – dx dy by changing the order of
0 0 y
integration (U.P. I Semester Dec., 2005)
Solution. Limits are given
y = 0 and y = x
x = 0 and x =
Here, the elementary strip PQ extends from y = 0
to y = x and this vertical strip slides from
x = 0 to x = .
The region of integration is shown by shaded
portion in the figure bounded by y = 0, y = x,
x = 0 and x = .
On changing the order of integration, we first
integrate with respect to x along a horizontal strip
RS which extends from x = y to x = and this
horizontal strip slides from y = 0 to y = to cover
the given region of integration.
New limits :
x = y and x =
y = 0 and y =
We first integrate with respect to x.
Thus,
x2 x2
–
y y 2x – y
dy xe dx = dy – – e dx
0 y 0 y 2 y
x2 y2
y – y y – 2 y –y
= dy – e dy 0 e e dy
0 2 0 2 0 2
y
Multiple Integral 101

y 1
= (– e – y ) – (e – y ) (Integrating by parts)
2 2 0
1 1
= (0 – 0) 0
2 2
Ans.
Example 15. Change the order of the integration
x xy
e y dy dx (B.P.U.T.; I Semester 2008)
0 0
Solution. Here, we have Y B
x xy
e y dy dx
0 0
Here the region OAB of integration is bounded by
y = 0 (x-axis), y = x (a straight line), x = 0, i.e., y axis.
A strip is drawn parallel to y-axis, y varies 0 to x and
x varies 0 to .
On changing the order of integration, first we integrate
w.r.t. x and then w.r.t. y.
A strip is drawn parallel to x-axis. On this strip x X
O y=0 A
varies from y to and y varies from 0 to .
x xy
Y A
xy y dy e dx
Hence e y dy dx = 0 y
0 0

xy
e
= y dy
0 y y

y dy 2
= [0 ey ] x=
0 y
1 y2
Ans. = e dy
2 O
0 X
B
Example 16. Change the order of integration in the double integral
2a 2 ax
V dx dy
0 2 ax – x 2
Solution. Limits are given as
x = 0, x = 2a
y = 2 ax
and y = 2 ax – x 2 y2 = 2 ax
and (x – a) + y2 = a2
2

The area of integration is the shaded portion OAB. On changing the order of integration first
we have to integrate w.r.t. x, The area of integration has three portions BCE, ODE and ACD.
2a 2 ax
dx V dy
0 2 ax – x 2

2a 2a a a a2 y2
= dy 2 V dx dy 2 V dx
0 y / 2a 0 y / 2a

a 2a
dy V dx Ans.
0 a a2 – y 2
102 Multiple Integral

EXERCISE 2.3
Change the order of integration and hence evaluate the following:
a x cos y dy a a cos y dx
1. dx Ans. (a ) 0
dy
y
(b) 2 sin a.
0 0 (a – x) (a – y) ( a – x) (a – y)
2a 3a – x a 2 ay 3a 3a – y 314 a 4
2. ( x2 y 2 ) dy dx Ans. (a) dy ( x2 y 2 ) dx dy ( x2 y 2 ) dx (b ) .
0 x2 0 0 a 0 35
4a
1 x 1 y
3. ( x2 y 2 ) –1/ 2 dy dx Ans. dy ( x2 y 2 ) – 1/ 2 dx.
0 x2 0 y
a y a a a 2a a
4. f ( x, y) dx dy Ans. dx f ( x, y ) dy dx f ( x, y ) dy
0 a2 – y 2 0 a 2 – x2 a x–a

a a2 – y 2 a a 2 – x2
5. f ( x, y ) dx dy Ans. dx f ( x, y ) dy
–a 0 0 – a 2 – x2
y 2 2 y
1 2 x x a dy dy 4
6. dy dx Ans. xdx xdx; log
0 x y 0 y 0 1
y 0
e
b a x dy dx
7. (M.P. 2003)
0 y x2 y2
a bx / a b a 1 2
8. x dy dx Ans. ( a) dy x dx ( b) a b
0 0 0 ay / b 3
5 2 x 2 5 7 5
9. f ( x, y) dx dy Ans. dy f ( x, y ) dx dy f ( x, y ) dx
0 2–x 0 2– y 2 y–2
y x
10. ( y2 – 2
x )e –y
dx dy Ans. dx 2
(y – x ) e 2 –y
dy (A.M.I.E., Summer 2000)
0 –y – –x
1 2 y
11. yx dy (A.M.I.E.T.E., June 2009)
y 0 x y
a 2a – x
xy dx dy a ay 2a – y 3a 2
12. 0 x2 (U.P. I Semester, Dec., 2007) Ans. xy dx dy xy dx dy ,
a
0 0 0 8
a a a2 – y2 2a a 2 – ( x – a )2 2 4
13. 2 2
xy dx dy Ans. x dx y dy, a
0 a– a – y 0 0 3
[Hint: Put x = a sin2 dx = 2 a sin cos d ]
1 1 1
1 1 – y 1/ 3 – 1/ 2 1/ 2 1 1– x – 3
14. x y (1 – x – y ) dx dy Ans. x 3 dx y 2 (1 – x – y ) 2 dy, –
0 –1 –1 0 7
x2 a 2a
15.
2a
dx 4a ( x y )3 dy Ans. dy (x y )3 dx
0 0 0 4a y
1 y 2 2– y 1 2– x 5
16. (x2 y 2 ) dx dy ( x2 y 2 ) dx dy Ans. dx (x2 y 2 ) dy,
0 0 1 0 0 x 3
a a 2 – x2 a5
17. y2 x2 y 2 dx dy by changing into polar coordinates. Ans.
0 0 20
(U.P., I Semester, Dec. 2007, A.M.I.E., Summer 2001)
1 2 1 2 2 1 1
18. dx dy dx dy dy dx
0 1 x2 y2 0 y x2 y2 R x2 y2
Recognise the region R of integration on the R.H.S. and then evaluate the integral on the right in the
order indicated. (AMIETE, Dec. 2004)

Ans. Region R is x = 0, x = y, y = 1 and y = 2, log 2.

4
19. Express as single integral and evaluate :
a
x a a 2 – x2 a
2 x dx dy x dx dy 2 a2 – y2 5a 3
0 0 a 0 Ans. dy x dx,
0 y 6 2
2