Experiment 7 Molecular Geometry 7.1 Objectives: SKU3073 Chemistry Semester 1 2020/2021
Experiment 7 Molecular Geometry 7.1 Objectives: SKU3073 Chemistry Semester 1 2020/2021
Experiment 7 Molecular Geometry 7.1 Objectives: SKU3073 Chemistry Semester 1 2020/2021
Semester 1 2020/2021
EXPERIMENT 7
MOLECULAR GEOMETRY
7.1 OBJECTIVES
7.2 INTRODUCTION
Molecular geometry, also known as the molecular structure, is the three-dimensional structure
or arrangement of atoms in a molecule. It is determined by the central atom, surrounding atoms
and electron pairs. The shape of most molecules can be predicted using the Valence Shell
Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory. This theory is based on the idea that groups of electron
repels each other and will allocate themselves as far away from each other as possible within a
molecule. An electron domain is a region in space where electrons can be found. According to
VSEPR theory, the shape of molecule is determined by the tendency of electron domains to keep
as far away from each other as possible. To predict the shape of molecule or ion, we need to
know how many sets of electron pairs surround the central atom. The sets of electron pairs
include the amount of lone pair electron and the amount of bonding electron for central atom.
The sets of electron pairs will arranged themselves to minimize the repulsive forces within the
molecule. The actual geometry molecule is based on the position of terminal atom that binds to
central atom. The lone pair electron will only influence the bond angle. However, Lewis structures
show the two-dimensional distribution of atoms and electrons.
Apparatus
7.3 PROCEDURE
2. Construct a model of CO2 molecule by using ball with 2 sticks as the terminal atom and
ball with 4 sticks as central atom.
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SKU3073 Chemistry
Semester 1 2020/2021
3. Construct a model of I3 molecule model by using ball with 1 as terminal atom and ball
with 5 sticks as central atom.
4. Sketch, determine the geometry and bond angle for each molecule.
1. Construct models of CH4, NH3 and H2O using ball with one stick as the terminal atom and
ball with 4 sticks as central atom. To show the electron valence in molecule, leave one
or two stick at central atom without ball which one stick is correspond to a pair or electron
valence.
2. Sketch, determine the geometry and bond angle for each molecule.
3. Determine the real angle bonding for each molecule using VSEPR whether it less or
equal with the basic angle.
1. Construct a model of BH3 molecule by using ball with 1 stick as the end atom and ball
with 3 sticks as central atom.
2. By using the same ball, build SO2 molecule model and leave the stick without ball to show
the lone pair electron for central atom.
3. Sketch, determine the geometry and bond angle for each molecule.
Part D Building a molecular geometry for PF5, ICl3, SF4 and XeF2
1. Construct a model of PF5 molecule model using ball with 5 sticks as central atom and ball
with one stick as terminal atom.
2. By using the same ball, build ICl3, SF4 and XeF2 molecules model and leave the stick
without ball to show the lone pair electron for central atom. You might get the variety of
arrangement; identify the most stable geometry for each molecule.
3. Sketch, determine the geometry and bond angle for each molecule.
1. Construct models of the above molecules by using ball with 1 stick as terminal atom, and
ball with 6 stick as central atom.
2. Restructure the possible geometry for XeF4 and BrF6 molecules and determine the most
stable geometry for that molecule together with the angle.
3. Sketch, determine the geometry and bond angle for each molecule.
.
SKU3073 Chemistry
Semester 1 2020/2021
7.4 QUESTIONS
2. What are the 5 basic molecular geometries (or shapes) where the central atom has no
lone pairs?
7.5 REFERENCES
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SKU3073 Chemistry
Semester 1 2020/2021
7.6 WORKSHEET
HCl
I3
CO2
CH4
NH3
H2O
.
SKU3073 Chemistry
Semester 1 2020/2021
BH3
SO2
Part D Building a molecular geometry for PF5, ICl3, SF4 and XeF2
Table 7.4: Molecular geometry for PF5, ICl3, SF4 and XeF2
PF5
ICl3
SF4
XeF2
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SKU3073 Chemistry
Semester 1 2020/2021
SF6
XeF4
BrF6
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