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    Nikita Khrushchev

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    Florentin Nistor
    Nikita Khrushchev led the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, first as Premier and then as head of state. He instituted a period of de-Stalinization and liberalization after taking over from Stalin. However, his domestic policies were often ineffective and he cut military forces while tensions rose during the Cold War, culminating in the Cuban Missile Crisis. His popularity declined and in 1964 he was removed from power by his colleagues in favor of Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin.

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    Nikita Khrushchev

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    Florentin Nistor
    62 views2 pages
    Nikita Khrushchev led the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, first as Premier and then as head of state. He instituted a period of de-Stalinization and liberalization after taking over from Stalin. However, his domestic policies were often ineffective and he cut military forces while tensions rose during the Cold War, culminating in the Cuban Missile Crisis. His popularity declined and in 1964 he was removed from power by his colleagues in favor of Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin.

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    Nikita Khrushchev led the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, first as Premier and then as head of state. He instituted a period of de-Stalinization and liberalization after taking over from Stalin. However, his domestic policies were often ineffective and he cut military forces while tensions rose during the Cold War, culminating in the Cuban Missile Crisis. His popularity declined and in 1964 he was removed from power by his colleagues in favor of Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as rtf, pdf, or txt
    62 views2 pages

    Nikita Khrushchev

    Uploaded by

    Florentin Nistor
    Nikita Khrushchev led the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, first as Premier and then as head of state. He instituted a period of de-Stalinization and liberalization after taking over from Stalin. However, his domestic policies were often ineffective and he cut military forces while tensions rose during the Cold War, culminating in the Cuban Missile Crisis. His popularity declined and in 1964 he was removed from power by his colleagues in favor of Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin.

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    Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev

    Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (15 April/3 April] 1894 – 11 September 1971) led the Soviet Union
    during part of the Cold War as the first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953
    to 1964 and as chairman of the Council of Ministers (or premier) from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was
    responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet
    space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. Khrushchev's party
    colleagues removed him from power in 1964, replacing him with Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary and
    Alexei Kosygin as Premier.
    Khrushchev was born in 1894 in the village of Kalinovka, close to the present-day border between
    Russia and Ukraine. He was employed as a metal worker during his youth, and he was a political
    commissar during the Russian Civil War. With the help of Lazar Kaganovich, he worked his way up the
    Soviet hierarchy. He supported Joseph Stalin's purges, and approved thousands of arrests. In 1938, Stalin
    sent him to govern the Ukrainian SSR, and he continued the purges there. During World War II,
    Khrushchev was again a commissar, serving as an intermediary between Stalin and his generals.
    Khrushchev was present at the bloody defense of Stalingrad, a fact he took great pride in throughout his
    life. After the war, he returned to Ukraine before being recalled to Moscow as one of Stalin's close
    advisers.
    On 5 March 1953, Stalin's death triggered a power struggle in which Khrushchev emerged victorious
    upon consolidating his authority as First Secretary. On 25 February 1956, at the 20th Party Congress, he
    delivered the "Secret Speech", which denounced Stalin's purges and ushered in a less repressive era in
    the Soviet Union. His domestic policies, aimed at bettering the lives of ordinary citizens, were often
    ineffective, especially in agriculture. Hoping eventually to rely on missiles for national defense,
    Khrushchev ordered major cuts in conventional forces. Despite the cuts, Khrushchev's rule saw the most
    tense years of the Cold War, culminating in the Cuban Missile Crisis.
    Khrushchev's popularity was eroded by flaws in his policies. This emboldened his potential opponents,
    who quietly rose in strength and deposed the Premier in October 1964. However, he did not suffer the
    deadly fate of previous Soviet power struggles, and was pensioned off with an apartment in Moscow and
    a dacha in the countryside. His lengthy memoirs were smuggled to the West and published in part in
    1970. Khrushchev died in 1971 of a heart attack.

    Nikita Hrușciov

    Nikita Sergheevici Hrușciov (3/15 aprilie 1894– 11 septembrie 1971) a condus Uniunea Sovietică în
    timpul Războiului Rece ca secretar general al Partidului Comunist al Uniunii Sovietice între 1953 și 1964,
    și ca președinte al Consiliului de Miniștri între 1958 și 1964. Hrușciov a fost responsabil pentru
    destalinizarea Uniunii Sovietice, pentru susținerea primelor progrese ale programului spațial sovietic și
    pentru mai multe reforme de un relativ liberalism în unele arii ale politicii interne. Colegii de partid l-au
    înlăturat de la putere în 1964, înlocuindu-l cu Leonid Brejnev ca secretar general și cu Alexei Kosîghin ca
    premier.
    Hrușciov s-a născut în satul Kalinovka în 1894, aproape de actuala frontieră între Rusia și Ucraina. A
    lucrat ca muncitor siderurgic în tinerețe, și în timpul Războiului Civil Rus a fost comisar politic. Cu ajutorul
    lui Lazar Kaganovici, a avansat în ierarhia sovietică. A susținut epurările lui Iosif Stalin, și a aprobat mii de
    arestări. În 1939, Stalin l-a trimis să guverneze Ucraina sovietică, unde a continuat epurările. În al Doilea
    Război Mondial, Hrușciov a fost din nou comisar, servind ca intermediar între Stalin și generalii săi.
    Hrușciov a fost prezent la sângeroasa bătălie de la Stalingrad, fapt cu care s-a mândrit toată viața sa.
    După război, a revenit în Ucraina înainte de a fi rechemat la Moscova pentru a fi unul din cei mai
    apropiați consilieri ai lui Stalin.
    În 5 martie 1953, moartea lui stalin a provocat o luptă pentru putere din care Hrușciov a iesit victorios
    consolidându-și autoritatea ca secretar generla. La 25 februarie 1956, la Congresul al XX-lea, el a ținut
    „Discursul Secret”, în care a denunțat epurările staliniste și prin care a deschis o perioadă de reducere a
    represiunilor în Uniunea Sovietică. Politicile sale interne, ce au avut ca scop ameliorarea vieții cetățenilor
    obișnuiți, au fost de multe ori ineficiente, în special în domeniul agriculturii. Sperând că în cele din urmă
    se va baza pe rachete în domeniul apărării, Hrușciov a redus mult forțele convenționale. În ciuda acestor
    reduceri, anii lui Hrușciov au fost printre cei mai tensionați din Războiul Rece, ei culminând cu criza
    rachetelor din Cuba.
    Popularitatea lui Hrușciov a fost erodată de greșeli în politica sa. Asta ia încurajat pe rivali, ce au
    acumulat treptat putere și l-au înlăturat pe premier în octombrie 1964. El nu a mai fost ucis, ca alții
    înfrânți în luptele pentru putere anterioare, și a fost pensionat cu un apartament în Moscova și cu o
    dacea la țară. Memoriile sale au fost scoase clandestin din țară și publicate parțial în Occident în 1970.
    Hrușciov a murit din cauza unui infarct în 1971.

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