UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL

ECUADOR

FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS

DE LA EDUCACIÓN

PEDAGOGÍA DE LOS IDIOMAS NACIONALES Y

EXTRANJEROS

ENGLISH VII

SEMESTER: “7” - B

TOPIC: CONJUNCTIONS
DATE: 09/12/2020

 PROFESSOR:
Msc. Fernando Minda

 Student:
Ruales Coraquilla William

QUITO-ECUADOR
 WHAT IS CONJUCTIONS?
A conjunction is the part of speech used to join or link words, phrases, or clauses to
each other. Conjunctions help to provide coherence to your writing by connecting
elements between or within sentences and from one paragraph to the next in order to
most effectively communicate your ideas to your reader
TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS OR COORDINATORS (and, but, or, nor, so,
for, yet) connect ideas of equal structure or function.
 The instructor was interesting and extremely knowledgeable about the subject.
 The play was entertaining but disappointing.
 I am a highly motivated and diligent worker, so I should be considered for the
job.

A conjunction is a word that connects elements of a sentence, such as words,

phrases, or clauses. The three types of conjunctions are: subordinating conjunctions,
coordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions.
 I am going on a cruise to Mexico, Jamaica, and Aruba.
 I really want to go skiing, but there isn’t enough snow on the slopes.
 Meredith does not want an orange nor a grapefruit.
 Danny would rather have a chocolate bar or hot cocoa than a granola bar.
 Jenny could not find her notes last night, so she could not study for her test.
 Her dress was blue and purple.

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS come in pairs and function like coordinating

conjunctions to connect equal elements. The most common correlative conjunctions are
EITHER . . . OR, NEITHER . . . NOR, NOT ONLY . . . BUT ALSO,
WHETHER . . . OR, AND BOTH . . . AND.
 Either Miranda or Julia will fill the recently vacated position.
 Both the music and the lyrics were written by the same composer.
 I like cotton candy as much as I like root beer floats.
*The correlative conjunctions link two nouns, cotton candy and root beer floats.
 Both the dog and the cat knocked over the trashcan.
*The correlative conjunctions link two nouns, the dog and the cat.
 Nadine wants to go to either Rutgers University or James Madison University.
*The correlative conjunctions link two nouns, RU and JMU.
 Neither Molly nor Emma want to see the new Batman movie.
*The correlative conjunctions connect two pronouns, Molly and Emma.
 To alleviate stress, you should not only identify the stressors but also find ways
of coping with them.
*The correlative conjunctions link two clauses, identify the stressors and find
ways of coping
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS OR SUBORDINATORS such as if, when,
where, because, although, since, whether, and while introduce a subordinate or
dependent clause that is usually attached to an independent clause and signal the
relationship between the clauses.

Subordinating conjunctions break sentences into word clusters called dependent (or
subordinate) clauses. Dependent clauses cannot stand alone and must be connected to an
independent clause to make a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions connect
the dependent clause to the independent clause.
 If the director is unavailable, I will speak with her assistant.
 When the speaker finished, the audience responded with tremendous applause.

As a general rule, if a subordinating or dependent clause precedes the independent

clause, use a comma to separate the two clauses.
Since the secretary was unable to find the file (subordinating or dependent clause), the
meeting was cancelled (independent clause).
There is usually no need for a comma when the dependent clause follows the
independent clause.
 I could not stay for the reception because I had another appointment.
 He was basically a good student who needed guidance from his teacher.
 He came after I had finished my work.
 He was sacked from office because of his stance against corruption.
 I wonder if he will ever change.
 He thinks that we will agree.
 We waited till the President arrived.
 The plane was hijacked before it arrived at the airport.
  Unless I marry Mary, I will never be happy in life.
 Do as I said and nothing more!
 John came when I was writing my dissertation
 Though he is your brother, you should not trouble him like that.

USE A CONJUNCTION
• TO SHOW AN ADDITIONAL OR SIMILAR IDEA
and, yet (coordinating conjunctions); not only . . . but also, both . . . and
(correlative conjunctions); after, although, even though, since (subordinating
conjunctions)
• TO SHOW A CONTRASTING IDEA
but, yet (coordinating conjunctions); either . . . or, neither . . . nor (correlative
conjunctions); although, even though, unless, whereas (subordinating
conjunctions)
• TO SHOW CAUSE OR EFFECT
for, so (coordinating conjunctions); because, since, if, so that (subordinating
conjunctions).
*TO SHOW THE RELATIONSHIP OF TIME
and, but, so (coordinating conjunctions); when, whenever, until, before, after,
while, once, as soon as, as long as (subordinating conjunctions)
• TO SHOW THE RELATIONSHIP OF PLACE
and, but (coordinating conjunctions); either . . . or, neither . . . nor (correlative
conjunctions); where, wherever (subordinating conjunctions)
• TO SHOW PURPOSE
and, so (coordinating conjunctions); not only . . . but also, whether . . . or, and
both . . . and (correlative conjunctions); in order that, so that (subordinating
conjunctions)
ANNEXES
REFERENCE SOURCES
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/rwc/repository/files/grammar-and-
mechanics/sentence-structure/using-conjunctions.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332672053_Conjunctions_in_English_M
eaning_Types_and_Uses
https://engwriting1.weebly.com/uploads/1/7/9/0/1790955/conjunctions.pdf
https://www.quora.com/search?q=CONJUNCTIONS