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Conjunctions are linking words that connect related ideas in writing and speech, making sentences shorter and clearer. There are four types of conjunctions: Coordinating, Subordinating, Correlative, and Conjunctive Adverb, each serving different grammatical functions. Examples illustrate how these conjunctions can combine clauses and phrases to enhance communication.

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51 views33 pages

Beige Pink Cute Creative Portfolio Presentation

Conjunctions are linking words that connect related ideas in writing and speech, making sentences shorter and clearer. There are four types of conjunctions: Coordinating, Subordinating, Correlative, and Conjunctive Adverb, each serving different grammatical functions. Examples illustrate how these conjunctions can combine clauses and phrases to enhance communication.

Uploaded by

FoxTaiL Esguerra
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Conjunction

Conjunction
Conjunctions are connective or linking words. It is
useful in writing and speech to connect related ideas
together, and they help us make our sentences
shorter, less repetitive, or less confusing.
Conjunctions are important for connecting short
sentences to make them sound more like natural
speech.
Conjunction

For example, "My name is Ted. I am a boy. I like


dogs" can be connected with a conjunction to say "I
am a boy named Ted, and I like dogs". There are four
types of Conjunction, namely: Coordinating,
subordinating, Correlative, and Conjunctive Adverb.
Coordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating Conjunctions

Correlative Conjunctions

Conjunctive Adverb
Coordinating
Conjunction
A coordinating conjunction is a word that connects
two or more elements of the same grammatical type.
The word coordinating refers specifically to bringing
things together on the same level. The elements joined
by coordinating conjunctions can be individual words,
phrases, or clauses. The most common coordinating
conjunctions are FANBOYS.
Coordinating
Conjunction
For Example:

Plenty of vegetables were ready to be picked in her


garden, so Maria didn’t go to the farmers’ market this
week.

Do you like the taste of peaches or mangoes better?

Sam bikes to the park and plays soccer there almost


every weekend.
Coordinating Conjunction
to join single words
When a coordinating conjunction joins two or more
individual words, those words should be the same part
of speech: a noun with a noun, a verb with a verb, an
adjective with an adjective, and so on. Here are some
examples, with the coordinating conjunctions in bold
and the words being connected underlined:
Coordinating Conjunction
to join single words
For Example:
Did you remember to bring pen and paper?

Sometimes I shower or bathe at night instead of in the


morning.

Ian found her classmates’ comments on her writing


challenging yet helpful.
Coordinating Conjunction
to join independent clauses

Independent clause is a clause that can stand alone as a


simple sentence. When two independent clauses are
logically closely related, it often makes sense to combine
them into a compound sentence with the help of a
coordinating conjunction and a comma.
Coordinating Conjunction
to join independent clauses
For Example:
I wanted something to eat, so I looked in the fridge.

Reading fiction is beneficial, for it can make us more


empathetic.

The host borrowed dozens of folding chairs, yet there


were not enough for the guests.
Subordinating
Conjunction
Subordinating conjunction is a connecting word or
phrase that introduces a dependent clause and joins it
to a main clause or independent clause. When a
subordinating conjunction is linked to a dependent
clause, the unit is called a subordinate clause. Many
subordinators are single words such as because, before,
and when, but some subordinating conjunctions
consist of more than one word such as even though, as
long as, and except that.
Semantic categories of
subordinating conjunctions
As demonstrated, conjunctions can bring different
layers of meaning to writing by building relationships
between clauses. Similarly, a coordinating conjunction
sets up an equal partnership between the two clauses.
There are six main classes of conjunctions, categorized
by meaning: time, concession, comparison, cause,
condition, and place.
Time
Time-related conjunctions establish a period when the
main clause will be or was performed. These include
after, as soon as, as long as, before, once, still, until,
when, whenever, and while.

Example: I will do the dishes after everyone has gone


home.
Concession
Concession conjunctions help to redefine the main
clause by providing additional context regarding
conditions of delivery. Concession conjunctions
highlight an action that took place despite an obstacle
or hindrance, and they include although, as though,
and even though.

Example: Eliza wrote the Higgins report even though


it was assigned to Colonel Pickering.
Comparison
Similarly, comparison conjunctions—which include
just as, though, whereas, in contrast to, and while—
help to establish correlations by providing context for
comparison.

Example: Ellen vlogged about the results of the political


meeting, in contrast to her arch-enemy who merely
blogged.
Cause
Cause conjunctions illuminate the reasons that the
activities of a main clause were performed and are
commonly engineered using as, because, in order that,
since, and so that.

Example: Grant dreamed about cheese because he had


eaten so much of it the night before.
Condition
Condition conjunctions introduce rules under which a
main clause performs. These are indicated by even if, if,
in case, provided that, and unless. Often, subordinate
clauses come first in conditional sentences but they are
still dependent on the main clause and cannot exist
outside of it.

Example: "If he's going to be there, I'm not going to


the party."
Place

Place conjunctions, which determine where activities


might occur, include where, wherever, and whereas.

Example: I will place my conjunction in the sentence


wherever I please.
Subordinating
Conjunction
Correlative
Conjunction
Correlative conjunction is a pair of joining words that
connects two parts of a sentence to each other. It is also
used to emphasize the relationship between words,
phrases, or clauses.

Examples:
Both & and
Mila can both sing and dance.
Correlative
Conjunction
Either & or
Either she buy lipstick or lipgloss.

Neither & nor


Neither he nor his friends go to school.

Whether & or
He must do his homework whether he likes it or not.
Conjunctive
Adverb
Conjunctive adverb is a type of adverb used to connect
and modify two independent clauses. Rather than
modifying a single word, they modify the whole clause
to express contrast, clarification, cause and effect,
comparison, and other connections between two
sentences or phrases.
*Always use a period or semicolon before the conjunctive
adverb when separating two independent clauses.
Conjunctive Adverb
Conjunctive
Adverb
Examples:
CAUSE AND EFFECT
Jeremy kept talking in class; therefore, he got in trouble.

SEQUENCE
Texting while driving is dangerous, furthermore, it is
also illegal.
Conjunctive
Adverb
TIME
I was crossing the street. Meanwhile, the traffic light
turned red.
CONTRAST
Monique, however, likes both swimming and dancing.
EMPHASIS
Stay away from the water; certainly, you don't want to
fall in.
Conjunctive
SUMMARIZE
Adverb
Amara has been waiting for an hour. Finally, her friend
has arrived.
ILLUSTRATE
Kara travel a lot; For instance, she just went to Japan last
month.
COMPARISON
We should exercise regularly; likewise, we should eat
healthy food.
Quiz Time!
1. A _____ is a pair of joining words that connects two parts of a
sentence to each other.

a. Conjunction
b. Coordinating conjunction
c. Correlative conjunction
d. Emphasis

2. _____ are connective or linking words.


a. Clauses
b. Comparison
c. Conjunction
d. Conjunctive adverb
3. A _____ is a type of adverb used to connect and modify two
independent clauses.
a. Cause and effect
b. Conjunctive adverb
c. subordinating conjunction
d. Clauses

4. _____ always use a period or semicolon before the conjunctive


adverb when separating two independent clauses.

a. Conjunctive adverb
b. Subordinating conjunction
c. Correlative conjunction
d. Coordinating conjunction
5. _____ is useful in writing and speech to connect related ideas
together, and they help us make our sentences shorter, less
repetitive, or less confusing.

a. Interjection
b. Conjunction
c. Comparison
d. Concession
Write COORDINATING if the statement is TRUE, and
SUBORDINATING if FALSE.

6. Conjunction help us make our sentences shorter, less repetitive, or


less confusing.

7. There are four types of Conjunction, namely: Coordinating,


subordinating, Correlative, and Conjunctive Adverb.

8. Coordinating conjunction joins two or more individual words,


those words should be one of the part of speech: a noun with a
pronoun.
9. In semantic categories of Subordinating Conjunctions, Time-
related conjunctions establish a period when the main clause will be
or was performed. Example: although, as though, and even though.

10. Subordinating Conjunction is a word that connects two or more


elements of the same grammatical type.
Answers:
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. Coordinating
7. Coordinating
8. Subordinating
9. Subordinating
10. Subordinating

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