MATHEMATICS -Grade 9

Week 9
MORE on QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
Objective:
To determine the equation of a quadratic function given: a) zeros, b) table of values, and
c) graph.

The zeros of a function are the roots of the associated quadratic equation. You can also determine the
quadratic function given its zeros, which is equivalent to determining the quadratic equation given
its roots.

Example 1: Determine the quadratic function whose zeros are 1 and 3.

Solution: Since the roots of the associated quadratic equation are 1 and 3, using the Zero Product
Principle, the factors of the quadratic expression on the left-hand side of the equation are x – 1 and
x – 3. Thus,

(x – 1)( x – 3) = 0 Equate the product of the factors to 0.

𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 = 0. Multiply.
The quadratic function whose zeros are 1 and 3 is 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3.

Example 2: The graph of a quadratic function passes through the following points as given in the
table below. Find the equation of the quadratic function.

x 0 1 2
y 5 14 27
Solution:
The required equation is in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, hence, you should find the constants a, b, and
c. From the table, you can see that the graph passes through the point (0, 5). This tells you that the
y-intercept is 5 or c = 5. Thus, the equation results in
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 5
To find the values of a and b, use the coordinates of the other two given points, (1, 14) and (2, 27).
Substitute their coordinates to get two equations involving a and b.
Substituting 1 for x and 14 for y gives you the equation below.
14 = a(1)2 + b(1) + 5
Simplifying the equation gives you a + b = 9.
Similarly, for (2, 27), you have the equation below.

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 27 = a(2)2 + b(2) + 5
The equation above simplifies to 2a + b = 11.
You now have a system of linear equations.
𝑎+𝑏= 9
{
2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 11
Solve the system by substitution. Using the first equation, a = 9 – b. Substitute this value of a in the
second equation to get 2(9 – b) + b = 11. Upon simplifying, you will get b = 7. Thus, a = 9 – 7 = 2. It
follows that the equation of the quadratic function is y = 2x2 + 7x + 5.

Example 3: Determine the quadratic function given its graph below. Write the equation in its general
form.

Solution: Note that the vertex of the parabola is the point (1, 1). The quadratic function is given by
the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘. Since the vertex (h, k) is the point (1, 1), this means h = 1 and
k = 1. Substitute the coordinates of the vertex to the given function. The function becomes

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 1)2 + 1.

Notice in the graph that one point on the parabola is the point (2, 4). Any point on the parabola
satisfies the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 1)2 + 1. Thus, substituting 2 for x and 4 for f(x) gives you

4 = a (2 – 1)2 + 1
4 = a(1) + 1
a+1=4
a = 3.

Hence, the quadratic function is 𝑓(𝑥) = 3(𝑥 − 1)2 + 1.

Transforming the derived equation to the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 gives you

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 𝑓(𝑥) = 3(𝑥 − 1)2 + 1
f(x) = 3(𝑥 2 −2x + 1) + 1
f(x) = 3𝑥 2 − 6x + 3 +1
f(x) = 3𝑥 2 − 6x + 4

Solving Problems Involving Quadratic Functions

Example:
Suppose a quadratic function is used to model the number of engineering students of a certain
school in Quezon City per year after 1990. The quadratic function is 𝑓(𝑥) = 25𝑥 2 − 500𝑥 + 5500,
where x represents the number of years after 1995 and f(x) represents the number of engineering
students in a particular year.
1) How many engineering students were enrolled in this school in 1995?
2) In what year did the school accept 3900 enrollees in all?
Solution:
1) Note that x represents the number of years after 1990. The year 1995 is after 1990. Thus, the
number of engineering students of this school in 1995 is f(5).

𝑓(5) = 25(5)2 + 500(5) = 3625

Hence, there were 3625 engineering students in 1995.

2) To find the year when there were 3900 enrollees, solve for the value of x when f(x) = 3900. Thus,

3900 = 25𝑥 2 − 500𝑥 + 5500

3900 – 3900 = 25𝑥 2 − 500𝑥 + 5500 − 3900
0 = 25𝑥 2 − 500𝑥 + 1600
0 = (25x – 400)(x – 4).

Solve for the values of x by equating each factor to 0.

25x – 400 = 0 or x–4=0

25x = 400 x =4
x = 16

Therefore, there were 3900 enrollees in 1994 (4 years after 1990) and in 2006 (16 years after 1990).

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 Activity I:
Begin at the start HEXAGON and determine the quadratic function f(x) whose zeroes are given.
The correct Function is in the arrow and at the end of the arrow, there are another zeroes to be
solved. Color the hexagon and its correct arrow until you reach the FINISH hexagon. (8 pts.)

HINT: Some
START HEXAGON
might not
4 beused 1 and 2
3 and -5
 −
2
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2

-1 and 5

and –2

+√2 and -√2

2
1

−
2
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 3 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 14

5
and
2 and -7

and -3

4
1

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2
2 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 7
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 24
4 and 6
7 and -1

FINISH
II. Determine the quadratic function given its table and graph below. Write the function in its
general form. (12pts)

x 1 2 3
y 1 2 5

____________________________________________

__________________________________

x 0 1 2
y 17 5 1

______________________________________________

_____________________________________

x 0 1 2 3 4
y -3 -1 -3 -9 -19

___________________________________________

III. Solve:

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 Advertisements are useful in promoting the sale of a product. In this time of COVID-19
pandemic,
products such as mask, hand sanitizer, protective equipment, and alcohol are very essential. An
alcohol company is studying the effect of advertising on the growth of sales. The quadratic function
f(x) = -95𝑥 2 + 190x +105 represents the growth in sales (in thousand units) if the company spends x
(in million pesos) on advertising. Determine each of the following: (5pts.)

21) Growth in sales if ₱750,000 is spent on advertising.

22-23) Growth in sales if a tenth of a million pesos is spent on advertising.

24-25) Amount spent on advertising if the growth in sales is 200 000 units.