001 NAPS UFSAR Chapter 1

Revision 45—09/30/09 NAPS UFSAR 1-i
Chapter 1: Introduction and General Description of Plant

Table of Contents
Section Title Page
1.1 INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1-1
1.2 GENERAL PLANT DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-1

1.2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-1
1.2.2 Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-1
1.2.3 Nuclear Steam Supply System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-2
1.2.4 Control and Instrumentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-3
1.2.5 Waste Disposal Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-4
1.2.6 Fuel Handling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-4
1.2.7 Turbines and Auxiliaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-5
1.2.8 Electrical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-5
1.2.9 Engineered Safety Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-5
1.2.10 Auxiliary Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-6
1.2.11 Common and Separate Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-7
1.2.12 Special Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-10
1.2 Reference Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-11
1.3 COMPARISON TABLES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-1

1.3.1 Comparisons with Similar Facility Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-1
1.3.1.1 Comparison of Nuclear Steam Supply Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-1
1.3.1.2 Comparison of Engineered Safety Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-1
1.3.1.3 Comparison of Containment Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-1
1.3.1.4 Comparison of Instrumentation and Electrical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-1
1.3.1.5 Comparison of Waste Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-2
1.3.1.6 Comparison of Other Nuclear Plant Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-2
1.3.2 Comparison of Final and Preliminary Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-3
1.4 IDENTIFICATION OF AGENTS AND CONTRACTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-1

1.4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-1
1.4.2 Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-1
1.4.3 Westinghouse Qualifications and Experience as a Supplier of Nuclear
Steam Supply Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-2
1.4.3.1 Plants in Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-3
1.4.3.2 Westinghouse Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-5
1.4.4 Consultants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-7
Revision 45—09/30/09 NAPS UFSAR 1-ii

Table of Contents (continued)
Section Title Page
1.4.4.1 Dames & Moore, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-7

1.4.4.2 NUS Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-7
1.5 REQUIREMENTS FOR FURTHER TECHNICAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-1

1.5.1 Verification Test (17 x 17) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-1
1.5.1.1 Rod Cluster Control Spider Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-4
1.5.1.2 Grid Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-5
1.5.1.3 Fuel Assembly Structural Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-6
1.5.1.4 Guide Tube Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-8
1.5.1.5 Departure from Nucleate Boiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-10
1.5.1.6 Incore Flow Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-12
1.5.2 LOCA Heat Transfer Tests (17 x 17) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-13
1.5.2.1 Reflood Heat Transfer Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-13
1.5.2.2 Delayed Departure from Nucleate Boiling Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-13
1.5.2.3 Single-Rod Burst Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-15
1.5.3 Westinghouse Test Engineering Laboratory Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-16
1.5.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-16
1.5.3.2 Test Loops and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-17
1.5 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-25
1.6 MATERIAL INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE—

WESTINGHOUSE TOPICAL REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6-1
Revision 45—09/30/09 NAPS UFSAR 1-iii

List of Tables
Table Title Page
Table 1.3-1 Design of North Anna Nuclear Steam Supply System:

Comparison with Systems at Beaver Valley Unit 1 and Surry Units 1 and 2 1.3-6
Table 1.3-2 Comparison of Engineered Safety Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-13
Table 1.3-3 Comparison of Containment Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-15
Table 1.3-4 Comparison of Containment Atmosphere Pressure Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-16
Table 1.3-5 Comparison of RCP Bus Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-17
Table 1.3-6 Comparison of Actuation Signals of Engineered Safety Features . . . . . . . . 1.3-18
Table 1.3-7 Comparison of Emergency Generator and Steam Generator
Auxiliary Feedwater Pump Start Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-19
Table 1.3-8 Comparison of Process and Effluent Radiation Monitoring Systems . . . . . 1.3-21
Table 1.3-9 Comparison of Area Radiation Monitoring Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-22
Table 1.3-10 Comparison of Airborne Radiation Monitoring Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-22
Table 1.3-11 Comparison of Electrical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-23
Table 1.3-12 Comparison of Waste Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-25
Table 1.3-13 Comparison of Nuclear Plant Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-27
Table 1.4-1 Westinghouse PWR Nuclear Power Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-8
Table 1.5-1 DDNB Phase I Test Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-27
Table 1.5-2 DDNB Phase II Test Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-27
Revision 45—09/30/09 NAPS UFSAR 1-iv

List of Figures
Figure Title Page
Figure 1.2-1 Site Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-13

Figure 1.2-2 Plot Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-14
Figure 1.2-3 Main Control Room Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-15
Figure 1.5-1 Schematic of 17 x 17 Reflood Test Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-28
Figure 1.5-2 DNB Test Facility Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-29
Revision 45—09/30/09 NAPS UFSAR 1.1-1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PLANT
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The FSAR was submitted in support of the application of the Virginia Electric and Power
Company (Vepco), Richmond, Virginia, for the Class 103 facility operating licenses, special
nuclear materials licenses, by-product materials licenses, and source materials license required for
the operation of Vepco’s North Anna Power Station Units 1 and 2. The application was submitted
as a combined application for all licenses required for the operation of North Anna Units 1 and 2
as permitted by 10 CFR 50.31.
The North Anna Units 1 and 2 PSAR was filed with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
(AEC) on March 21, 1969, and Docket Nos. 50-338 (Unit 1) and 50-339 (Unit 2) were assigned.
On February 19, 1971, Construction Permits CPPR-77 and CPPR-78 were issued for North Anna
Units 1 and 2, respectively.
North Anna Units 1 and 2 are located on a site on the southern shore of Lake Anna in
Louisa County, approximately 40 miles north-northwest of Richmond. Lake Anna was created by
impounding excess waters of the North Anna River and was developed by Vepco. Water from
Lake Anna is used as a cooling medium for surface condensers and other heat exchanger
equipment at the North Anna Power Station.
North Anna Units 1 and 2 each includes a three-coolant-loop pressurized light water reactor
nuclear steam supply system and turbine generator furnished by Westinghouse Electric
Corporation. The balance of the plant was designed and constructed by Vepco with the assistance
of its agent, Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation.
The nuclear steam supply system is similar in design concept to several such systems
licensed by the AEC, including Vepco’s Surry Power Station Units 1 and 2. The containments,
which house the major nuclear steam supply system components of each unit, are steel-lined,
reinforced-concrete structures that use dry, subatmospheric operation concepts. The containments
are similar in design concept to those employed in several projects reviewed by the AEC,
including Vepco’s Surry Power Station Units 1 and 2.
Each reactor unit was originally designed for a licensed core power output of 2775 MWt
(this corresponds to a nuclear steam supply system rating of 2785 MWt). This core power would
result in a gross electrical output of approximately 947 MWe and a net electrical output of
approximately 907 MWe with a circulating water temperature of 75°F, and a net electrical output
of approximately 898 MWe with a circulating water temperature of 88°F. Each reactor was
originally expected to be capable of achieving an ultimate core power level of 2900 MWt (this
corresponds to a nuclear steam supply system rating of 2910 MWt). This core power would result
in a gross electrical output of approximately 984 MWe and a net electrical output of
approximately 944 MWe with a circulating water temperature of 75°F, and a net electrical output
of approximately 934 MWe with a circulating water temperature of 88°F. Although the license
application is for 2775 MWt (core power), all safety systems, including the containment and
engineered safety features, were designed for operation at the expected ultimate power level.
Fuel was loaded in Unit 1 in December 1977, with commercial operation commencing in
June 1978. Fuel was loaded in Unit 2 in April 1980, with commercial operation commencing in
December 1980. In 1986, both units were uprated to a core power output of 2893 MWt (NSSS
Rating of 2905 MWt) with an expected gross electrical output of 982 MWe.
The following sections of this FSAR provide additional information on the design,
construction, and operation of North Anna Units 1 and 2. These sections were prepared in
accordance with guidelines supplied by the AEC’s Standard Format and Content of Safety
Analysis Report for Nuclear Power Plants issued in February 1972.
Note: As required by the Renewed Operating Licenses for North Anna Units 1 and 2, issued
March 20, 2003, various systems, structures, and components discussed within this Updated
FSAR are subject to aging management. The programs and activities necessary to manage the
aging of these systems, structures, and components are discussed in Chapter 18.
1.2 GENERAL PLANT DESCRIPTION
1.2.1 General
Each unit at North Anna incorporates a closed-cycle pressurized-water nuclear steam
supply system, a turbine generator, and the necessary auxiliaries. A radioactive waste disposal
system, a fuel handling system, and all auxiliaries, structures, and other onsite facilities required
for a complete and operable nuclear power station are also provided.
1.2.2 Structures
The major structures are the reactor containment; auxiliary building; fuel building; turbine
building, which includes the main control room. The site arrangement, the plot plan, and the
general arrangement of equipment within these structures are shown on the drawings listed in the
following tabulation:
Item Drawing
Site plan Figure 1.2-1 and Reference Drawing 1
Plot plan Figure 1.2-2 and Reference Drawing 2
Containment structure and containment Reference Drawings 3 through 9
auxiliary structures
Auxiliary building Reference Drawings 10 through 16
Fuel building Reference Drawings 17 and 18
Control area Figure 1.2-3 and Reference Drawing 19
Service building Reference Drawings 20 through 22
Turbine building Reference Drawings 23 through 30
Service water pump house Reference Drawings 31 and 32
Main circulating pump structure Reference Drawings 33 and 34
Service water valve house Reference Drawings 35 and 36
Service water tie-in vault Reference Drawing 37
Station black-out building Reference Drawings 38 and 39
Each reactor containment is a steel-lined, reinforced-concrete cylinder with a hemispherical

dome and a flat, reinforced-concrete foundation mat. Each containment is designed to withstand
the internal pressure accompanying the design-basis accident, is leaktight, and provides adequate
radiation shielding for both normal operation and design-basis accident conditions.
During normal operation, internal pressure is subatmospheric and there is no outleakage of

activity from the containment structure. Following the postulated loss-of-coolant accident
(LOCA) described in Section 15.4, the containment peak pressure will be reduced to
subatmospheric by the use of redundant spray cooling systems, thereby positively terminating
outleakage to the environment.
The general seismic criteria used in the design of the structures and equipment in the station
are described in Section 3.7. The operating-basis earthquake results in horizontal ground
acceleration of 0.06g for structures on rock and 0.09g for structures on soil. The design-basis
earthquake results in horizontal ground accelerations of 0.12g for structures on rock and 0.18g for
structures on soil. Damping at these accelerations is generally assumed at 2% and 5%
respectively, for major concrete structures. Vertical acceleration is assumed at two-thirds of the
horizontal acceleration and is considered to act simultaneously with the horizontal acceleration.
1.2.3 Nuclear Steam Supply System

The nuclear steam supply system consists of a Westinghouse pressurized-water reactor and
supporting auxiliary systems.
The steam flow of the nuclear steam supply system based on 0% makeup is as follows:
Thermal output of nuclear steam supply system 2905 MWt
Thermal output of reactor core 2893 MWt
Steam flow from nuclear steam supply system 12.77 x 106 lbm/hr
Steam pressure at a steam generator outlet 850 psia
Maximum moisture content 0.25%
Assumed feedwater temperature at steam generator inlet 440°F
The nuclear steam supply system consists of a reactor and closed reactor coolant loops
connected in parallel to the reactor vessel, each loop containing a reactor coolant pump and a
steam generator. The nuclear steam supply system also contains an electrically heated pressurizer
and certain auxiliary systems.
High-pressure water circulates through the reactor core to remove the heat generated by the
fission process. The heated water exits from the reactor vessel and passes via the coolant loop
piping to the steam generators. Here it gives up its heat to the feedwater to generate steam for the
turbine generator. The cycle is completed when the water is pumped back to the reactor vessel.
The entire reactor coolant system is composed of leaktight and controlled-leakage components to
ensure that the reactor coolant is confined to the system or its auxiliaries.
The core is of the multiregion type. Fuel assemblies within a typical batch are mechanically
identical, although the fuel enrichment is typically not the same in all the assemblies. Small
differences may also exist between different batches of fuel, as new design features are
incorporated into reload fuel assemblies.
In the initial core loading, three fuel enrichments were used. Fuel assemblies with the
highest enrichments were placed in the core periphery, or outer region, and the two groups of
lower-enrichment fuel assemblies were arranged in a selected pattern in the central region. In
subsequent refuelings, approximately one-third of the fuel is discharged and fresh fuel is loaded
into the core. The remaining fuel is arranged in the core in such a manner as to achieve optimum
power distribution. Details on fuel loading for the first and subsequent cycles appear in
Section 4.3.2.1.
Rod cluster control assemblies consisting of cylindrical absorber rods are used for reactor
control. The absorber rods move within guide tubes in certain fuel assemblies. The absorber rods
are attached to a spider connector to form a rod cluster control assembly (RCCA). The spider of
the RCCA is attached to a drive shaft, which is raised and lowered by a drive mechanism mounted
on the reactor vessel head. The downward trip of the rod cluster control assemblies is by gravity.
The reactor coolant pumps are Westinghouse vertical, single-stage, centrifugal pumps of the
shaft-seal type. The power supply systems for the pumps are designed so that coolant flow
adequate to cool the reactor core under all required conditions is maintained.
The steam generators are Westinghouse vertical U-tube units that contain Inconel tubes.
Integral moisture separators reduce the moisture content of the steam to 0.25% or less.
The reactor coolant piping and all of the pressure-containing and heat transfer surfaces in
contact with reactor coolant are stainless steel or stainless steel clad, or are made of an equivalent
corrosion-resistant material. The steam generator tubes and fuel tubes are Inconel and Zircaloy,
respectively. The reactor core internals, including the control-rod drive shafts, are primarily
stainless steel.
An electrically heated pressurizer connected to one reactor coolant loop maintains reactor
coolant system pressure during normal operation, limits pressure variations during load transients,
and keeps the system pressure within design limits during abnormal conditions.
Auxiliary system components are provided to charge the reactor coolant system and add
makeup water, purify reactor coolant water, provide chemicals for corrosion inhibition and
reactivity control, cool system components, remove decay heat when the reactor is shut down, and
provide for emergency safety injection.
1.2.4 Control and Instrumentation

The reactor is controlled by rod cluster control motion, which is required for load-follow
transients and for start-up and shutdown; and by a soluble neutron absorber, boron in the form of
boric acid, which is inserted during cold shutdown, partially removed at start-up, and adjusted in
concentration during core lifetime to compensate for such effects as fuel consumption and the
accumulation of fission products that tend to slow the nuclear chain reaction.
The control system allows the plant to accept step-load increases of 10% and ramp-load
increases of 5% per minute over the load range of 15% to 100% of full power. Equal step- and
ramp-load reductions are possible over the range of 100% to 15% of full power.
The supervision of both the nuclear and turbine-generator plants is accomplished from the
main control room.
1.2.5 Waste Disposal Systems

The waste disposal systems provide all equipment necessary to collect, process, and prepare
for disposal all radioactive liquid, gaseous, and solid wastes produced as a result of station
operation. The waste disposal systems are capable of handling the wastes produced by both units.
Liquid wastes are collected and processed through the Ion Exchange Filtration System
(IEFS) and/or the demineralizers in the waste disposal building. Continuous radiation monitoring
is provided for treated liquid waste before its release to the circulating water discharge tunnel.
Liquid waste is analyzed and monitored to ensure that discharge concentrations are maintained as
low as practicable and well within the limits of applicable regulations.
Spent resins are placed into approved containers, dewatered, and shipped from the site for
ultimate disposal at an authorized location.
Gaseous wastes are diluted, filtered, and discharged to the environment with a yearly
average activity level as low as practicable.
1.2.6 Fuel Handling System

The reactor is refueled with equipment that handles spent fuel under water from the time it
leaves the reactor vessel until it is placed in a cask for shipment from the site. The underwater
transfer of spent fuel provides an economic and transparent radiation shield, as well as a reliable
coolant for the removal of decay heat.
The fuel handling system is divided into two pool regions: the refueling cavity, which is
flooded for refueling; and the spent-fuel pit, which is external to the reactor containment and is
always accessible to plant personnel. The two pools are connected by the fuel transfer system,
which transports the fuel from the refueling cavity to the transfer canal.
Spent fuel is removed from the reactor vessel by a manipulator crane and placed in the fuel
transfer system. In the spent-fuel pit, the fuel is removed from the transfer system and placed into
storage racks. After a suitable decay period, spent fuel can be moved from storage in the spent
fuel pool and loaded into casks for storage at the North Anna Independent Spent Fuel Storage
Installation (ISFSI), or loaded into casks for shipment off the site.
1.2.7 Turbines and Auxiliaries

Each turbine is a tandem-compound, 3-element, 1800-rpm unit having 44-inch last-stage
exhaust blading in the low-pressure elements. Four combination single-stage moisture
separators-reheaters are employed to dry and superheat the steam between the high- and
low-pressure turbine cylinders for each unit. A single-pass, deaerating, surface condenser
installed in two sections, two 100%-capacity steam jet air ejectors, three 50%-capacity condensate
pumps, three 50% steam generator feedwater pumps, two motor-driven and one turbine-driven
auxiliary steam generator feedwater pumps, and six stages of feedwater heating are provided.
1.2.8 Electrical Systems

The main generator for each unit is an 1800-rpm, 22-kV, 3-phase, 60-Hz, hydrogen
inner-cooled unit. Each main step-up transformer delivers power to the high-voltage switchyard.
The station service system for each unit consists of auxiliary transformers, 4160V and 480V
switchgear and buses, 480V motor control centers, 120V ac vital buses, and 125V dc batteries and
equipment. Non-safety-related buses are powered from the main generator via three station
service transformers, while the emergency buses are powered from the switchyard via three
reserve station service transformers.
Emergency power is supplied from two separate and similar emergency diesel-driven
generators per unit. Each diesel-driven generator is capable of supplying necessary power for the
postaccident containment depressurization subsystems, as well as charging pumps and low-head
safety injection pumps, to ensure the operation of minimum safeguards for the design-basis
accident.
1.2.9 Engineered Safety Features

The engineered safety features provided for each unit have sufficient redundancy and
independence of components and power sources that, under the conditions of the assumed
design-basis accident, the systems can, even when operating with partial effectiveness, maintain
the integrity of the containment and reduce the exposure of the public well below the criteria in
10 CFR 50.67.
Each unit is independent in terms of its engineered safety features. The systems to be
provided for each unit are summarized below:
1. The steel-lined concrete containment structure provides a reliable barrier against the
uncontrolled escape of fission products due to accidents, and permits subatmospheric
operation by limiting air inleakage. The structure and all penetrations, including access
openings and ventilation ducts, are of proven design.
2. The safety injection system injects borated water into the reactor coolant loops to cool the
core by the operation of on-line accumulators, and by high- or low-head pumps subsequent to
LOCAs.
3. The containment quench and recirculation spray systems can provide a spray of cool, basic,
borated water to the containment atmosphere.
Following the assumed design-basis accident, the containment pressure would be reduced
rapidly to subatmospheric pressure by these systems, thereby positively terminating leakage
to the atmosphere. The subsequent long-term maintenance of subatmospheric conditions
would be accomplished by the recirculation spray and containment atmosphere cleanup
system.
1.2.10 Auxiliary Systems

Auxiliary systems are provided as described below:
1. The component cooling system, an intermediate cooling system common to both units,
transfers heat from heat exchangers containing reactor coolant or other radioactive or
potentially radioactive liquids and gases to the service water system. The maximum heat load
occurs during the initial stages of residual heat removal during reactor cooldown. The
component cooling system and the residual heat removal system are designed to reduce the
temperature of the reactor coolant to approximately 140°F within 20 hours after a reactor
shutdown.
2. The service water system removes heat from the component cooling system during the
normal operation or cooldown of two reactor units and from the recirculation spray
subsystem during a LOCA. This heat is transferred to the environment via the service water
reservoir or the Waste Heat Treatment Facility. The service water system also provides
cooling to the miscellaneous components requiring an assured supply of cooling water
during a loss-of-coolant or loss-of-station-power accident.
3. The boron recovery system is a common system serving both units. This system degasifies
and stores borated radioactive water from the reactor coolant system letdown by the chemical
and volume control system. The system processes this letdown by evaporation, filtration, and
demineralization to produce primary-grade water and concentrated boric acid solution for
plant reuse or disposal. Stripped gases are sent to the gaseous waste disposal system.
4. The sampling system transmits representative liquid and gaseous samples to the sampling
sinks for laboratory analysis.
5. The vent and drain system collects potentially radioactive fluids and gases from various
systems and sends these fluids and gases to the boron recovery system or the appropriate
waste disposal system.
6. The fuel pit cooling and refueling purification system removes the residual heat from spent
fuel stored in the spent-fuel pit and purifies the water in the reactor cavity and spent-fuel pit.
7. Ventilation systems are provided for the containment and other structures. The containment
ventilation system recirculates and cools the containment atmosphere. A purge system,
which includes charcoal filters, is provided for use during periods of shutdown. The
ventilation and air conditioning system serving the main control room is designed to provide
uninterrupted service during all conditions, including accident conditions. The ventilation air
areas of possible radioactive contamination are discharged through a monitored ventilation
vent and can be routed through filters.
8. The fire protection system furnishes water and other extinguishing agents with the capability
of extinguishing any single or probable combination of simultaneous fires that might occur at
the station. The system consists of a water system, low- and high-pressure carbon dioxide
systems, a Halon 1301 system, and a foam system.
9. The circulating water system provides water for cooling the main condensers and can provide
water to the bearing cooling water system. The water is pumped from the North Anna
Reservoir created by damming the North Anna River. The water discharges to the Waste Heat
Treatment Facility.
10. The compressed air system supplies station service and instrument air. Dryers are provided
for the instrument air compressors. Separate, redundant supplies of instrument air are
provided in each of the containment structures.
Other auxiliary systems include the domestic water system, communications system,
primary plant gas supply system, and auxiliary steam system.
1.2.11 Common and Separate Facilities

Separate and similar systems and equipment are provided for each unit except as noted
below. Only those components that are shared by the two units are included in this list.
Electrical systems (Chapter 8)
Standby station service transformer facility
Chemical and volume control system (Section 9.3.4)
Chemical mixing tank
Boric acid storage tanks (3)
Boric acid pumps (4)
Boric acid batching tank
Resin fill tank
Boron recovery system (Section 9.3.5)
Component cooling water system (Section 9.2.2)

Component cooling surge tank
Component cooling water pumps (4)
Component cooling water heat exchangers (4)
Chilled water mechanical chiller
Mechanical chilled water circulating pumps (3)
Containment Atmosphere Cleanup System (Section 6.2.5)
Hydrogen recombiners (2)
Hydrogen analyzers (2)
Purge blowers (2)
Fuel pit cooling and refueling purification systems (Section 9.1.3)
Spent-fuel pit cooling pumps (2)
Fuel pit coolers (2)
Fuel pit skimmer assemblies (2)
Refueling purification pumps (3)
Refueling purification ion exchanger (1)
Refueling purification filters (2)
Sampling system (Section 9.3.2)
Sample coolers for boron recovery system samplers (2)
Sample coolers for auxiliary boiler systems (3)
Vent and drain system (Section 9.3.3)
Auxiliary building sump pumps (2)
Fuel building sump pumps (2)
Service water system (Section 9.2.1)
Fire protection system (Section 9.5.1)
Water supply and treatment system (Section 9.2.3)

Ventilation system (Section 9.4), other than containment ventilation
Primary plant gas supply system (Section 9.5.10)

Auxiliary steam system (Section 9.4.1)
Lubricating-oil system (Section 10.4.5)
Clean and dirty lube-oil storage tanks (2)
Transfer pump
Portable centrifuge
Radioactive waste systems (Chapter 11)
Structures, buildings, and miscellaneous equipment
Auxiliary building
Fuel building
Turbine building and turbine room crane
Service building
Main control area
Decontamination facility
Office building
General station services (nonelectrical)
Fuel-oil system
Service water pump house
Waste disposal building
Boron recovery tank building
Waste gas decay tank vault
Station black-out building

1.2.12 Special Designs

There are no significant extrapolations in the technology or solutions to particularly difficult
engineering problems involved in the design and construction of the station.
The reservoir formed by damming the North Anna River may be considered an unusual site
characteristic. This reservoir serves as the cooling water supply for the station. A portion of the
lake, called the Waste Heat Treatment Facility, dissipates waste solution heat from the circulating
water discharge before the return of this water to the main body of the lake, the North Anna
Reservoir. The North Anna Reservoir and the Service Water Reservoir form the ultimate heat sink
for the station.
1.2 REFERENCE DRAWINGS
The list of Station Drawings below is provided for information only. The referenced drawings are
not part of the UFSAR. This is not intended to be a complete listing of all Station Drawings
referenced from this section of the UFSAR. The contents of Station Drawings are controlled by
station procedure.
Drawing Number Description

1. 11715-FY-1B Site Plan, Units 1 & 2
2. 11715-FY-1A Plot Plan, Units 1 & 2
3. 11715-FM-1A Machine Location: Reactor Containment, Plan,
Elevation 291'- 10", Unit 1
4. 11715-FM-1B Machine Location: Reactor Containment, Plan,
5. 11715-FM-1C Machine Location: Reactor Containment, Plan,
6. 11715-FM-1D Machine Location: Reactor Containment, Plan,
7. 11715-FM-1E Machine Location: Reactor Containment, Sections 1-1 & 5-5,
Unit 1
8. 11715-FM-1F Machine Location: Reactor Containment; Sections 2-2, 6-6,
7-7, & 10-10; Unit 1
9. 11715-FM-1G Machine Location: Reactor Containment, Sections 3-3 & 4-4,
Unit 1
10. 11715-FM-2A Arrangement: Auxiliary Building, Plan, Elevation 244'- 6"
11. 11715-FM-2B Arrangement: Auxiliary Building, Plan, Elevation 259'- 6"
12. 11715-FM-2C Arrangement: Auxiliary Building, Plan, Elevation 274'- 0"
13. 11715-FM-2D Arrangement: Auxiliary Building, Plan, Elevation 291'- 10"
14. 11715-FM-2E Arrangement: Auxiliary Building, Sections 1-1 & 2-2
15. 11715-FM-2F Arrangement: Auxiliary Building; Sections 3-3, 4-4, & 5-5
16. 11715-FM-2G Arrangement: Auxiliary Building, Sections 6-6 & 7-7
17. 11715-FM-3A Arrangement: Fuel Building, Sheet 1
18. 11715-FM-3B Arrangement: Fuel Building, Sheet 2
19. 11715-FE-27B Arrangement: Main Control Room, Elevation 276'- 9", Units 1
&2
Drawing Number Description

20. 11715-FM-5A Arrangement: Service Building, Sheet 1
21. 11715-FM-5B Arrangement: Service Building, Sheet 2
22. 11715-FM-5C Arrangement: Service Building, Sheet 3
23. 11715-FM-4A Machine Location: Turbine Area, Plan, Operating Level
24. 11715-FM-4B Machine Location: Turbine Area, Plan, Mezzanine Level
25. 11715-FM-4C Machine Location: Turbine Area, Plan, Ground Floor
26. 11715-FM-4D Machine Location: Turbine Area, Sections, Sheet 1
27. 11715-FM-4E Machine Location: Turbine Area, Sections, Sheet 2
28. 11715-FM-4F Machine Location: Turbine Area, Sections, Sheet 3
29. 11715-FM-4G Machine Location: Turbine Area, Sections, Sheet 4
30. 11715-FM-4H Machine Location: Turbine Area, Sections, Sheet 5
31. 11715-FM-8A Arrangement: Service Water Pump House, Sheet 1
32. 11715-FM-8B Arrangement: Service Water Pump House, Sheet 2
33. 11715-FM-6A Arrangement: Intake Structure, Sheet 1
34. 11715-FM-6B Arrangement: Intake Structure, Sheet 2
35. 11715-FP-5AM Service Water Valve House Piping, Plan and Sections, Units 1
&2
36. 11715-FP-5AN Service Water Valve House Piping, Plan and Sections, Units 1
&2
37. 11715-FP-5AK Service Water, Buried Piping Tie-In, Units 1 & 2
38. 11715-FM-11D Arrangement: Station Black Out Building, Plan, Units 1 & 2
39. 11715-FM-11E Arrangement: Station Black Out Building, Sections, Units 1
&2
SITE PLAN
Figure 1.2-1
PLOT PLAN
Figure 1.2-2
Figure 1.2-3
MAIN CONTROL ROOM ARRANGEMENT
Revision 45—09/30/09
NAPS UFSAR
1.2-15
Intentionally Blank
The following information is HISTORICAL and is not intended or expected to be updated

for the life of the plant.
1.3 COMPARISON TABLES
1.3.1 Comparisons with Similar Facility Designs
The comparison tables which follow reflect the designs at the time of the original FSAR
submittal, unless otherwise noted.
1.3.1.1 Comparison of Nuclear Steam Supply Systems
Table 1.3-1 presents a comparison of the design of the nuclear steam supply system for
the North Anna Power Station with those for the Surry Power Station and the Beaver Valley
Nuclear Station Unit 1.
1.3.1.2 Comparison of Engineered Safety Features
Table 1.3-2 presents a summary of the design and operational data on the engineered
safety features for North Anna Units 1 and 2 together with comparable data derived from the
FSARs for Surry Units 1 and 2 and Beaver Valley Unit 1. The Surry Units 1 and 2 (Docket
Nos. 50-280 and 50-281) and Beaver Valley Unit 1 (Docket Nos. 50-334) FSARs were selected
because these units are closely related technically to the North Anna units and serve as
examples of Stone & Webster facilities that received operating licenses before the North Anna
units.
The North Anna Power Station units are also generally comparable with the PWRs of the
Pacific Gas and Electric Company and the Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation, and with
the Sequoyah units.
1.3.1.3 Comparison of Containment Concepts
Table 1.3-3 is a summary of the design and operational data on the subatmospheric
containment for North Anna Units 1 and 2, together with comparable data derived from the
FSARs for Surry Units 1 and 2 and Beaver Valley Unit 1. These references were selected
because all of these units use the Stone & Webster subatmospheric containment design. Surry
Units 1 and 2 received operating licenses before the North Anna units.
1.3.1.4 Comparison of Instrumentation and Electrical Systems
1.3.1.4.1 Comparison of Instrumentation and Control Systems
Table 1.3-4 provides a comparison of containment pressure data.
Table 1.3-5 provides a comparison of data on reactor coolant pump protection.


Table 1.3-6 provides a comparison of engineered safety features actuation signals.
Table 1.3-7 provides a comparison of the emergency diesel generator and steam generator
auxiliary feedwater pump start signals.
Tables 1.3-8 through 1.3-10 provide a comparison of radiation monitoring sampling

locations.
Data for North Anna Units 1 and 2 are compared with similar data for Surry Units 1
and 2 and Beaver Valley Unit 1. The latter units were chosen because they are similar to North
Anna Units 1 and 2 and because each had undergone an AEC licensing review.
1.3.1.4.2 Comparison of Electrical Systems
Table 1.3-11 provides a comparison of electrical parameters for North Anna Units 1
and 2 with similar data from Surry Power Station Units 1 and 2, and Maine Yankee Power
Station. These units were chosen for the comparison because they have electrical systems
similar in design to North Anna Units 1 and 2.
In addition, Surry and Maine Yankee were selected because they received operating
licenses before the North Anna units.
1.3.1.5 Comparison of Waste Systems
Table 1.3-12 presents a comparison of radioactive waste disposal equipment used at

North Anna Power Station Units 1 and 2 and that used at Surry Power Station Units 1 and 2 and
Beaver Valley Nuclear Station Unit 1. Where decontamination factors are given, they are for all
radionuclides unless specifically stated otherwise.
Surry Units 1 and 2 (Docket Nos. 50-280 and 50-281) and Beaver Valley Unit 1 (Docket
No. 50-334) were selected for this comparison because these units are technically similar to
those of the North Anna Power Station. The Surry and Beaver Valley units are examples of
Stone & Webster facilities that had received operating licenses before the North Anna units.
1.3.1.6 Comparison of Other Nuclear Plant Systems
Table 1.3-13 presents a summary of the major design data on various nuclear plant
systems for North Anna Units 1 and 2, Surry Units 1 and 2 (Docket Nos. 50-280 and 50-281),
and Beaver Valley Unit 1 (Docket No. 50-334).

The Surry and Beaver Valley units were chosen for comparison because they are closely
related technically to the North Anna units and had received operating licenses before the North
Anna units.
1.3.2 Comparison of Final and Preliminary Designs
The significant changes that were made in station design between the submittal of the
PSAR and the submittal of the original FSAR are listed below:
1. Technological advances permitted increasing the ultimate core rating to 2900 MWt with a
minimum of changes in plant design. With this increase in ultimate core rating, the
guaranteed core rating was increased to 2775 MWt. In 1986, both units were uprated to a
core power of 2893 MWt. This power corresponds to the maximum calculated turbine
rating, defined in Section 15.1.
2. All systems and components were designed and evaluated at the increased design power
level of 2900 MWt. To accommodate the increase in design power level to 2900 MWt, the
following changes were made to components and systems:
a. The containment (Section 3.8.2) was increased in height by 5 feet to ensure that the
peak pressure reached during a postulated LOCA at the increased design power level
would be within acceptable limits.
b. The refueling water storage tank (Section 6.2.2) was increased in size from the usable
volume of 350,000 gallons to 450,000 gallons to provide the additional heat removal
capacity required by the increase in energy release during a postulated LOCA.
c. Various components in the steam and power conversion system (Chapter 10) were
increased in capacity to accommodate the increased design steam flow.
d. The reactor coolant pump (Section 5.5) motor horsepower was increased from 6000 to
7000 to accommodate the design reactor coolant flow, which was increased from
100.7 x 106 to 105.1 x 106 lb/hr commensurate with the increase in power level.
e. The centrifugal charging pump motor horsepower was changed from 600 to 900 in
order to provide a greater flow during the injection flow operation of the emergency
core cooling system.
3. The quality assurance program during design and construction was modified to conform to
the requirements of 10 CFR 50, Appendix B (Chapter 17).

4. The service water reservoir (Section 3.8.4) was increased in size to provide a 30-day
supply of water to conform to Regulatory Guide 1.27.
5. A containment atmosphere cleanup system (Section 6.2.5) was added to conform to

Regulatory Guide 1.7.
6. The design of nuclear piping systems was changed to generally meet the requirements of
ANSI B31.7, the Code for Nuclear Power Piping (see Section 3.2.2), to ensure that the
quality of these piping systems is in accordance with 10 CFR 50.55a (PSAR Section 3.2
and Chapters 5, 6, 9, and 11).
7. A vent condenser was added to the low-capacity steam generator blowdown system tank to
further reduce the potential release of radioactive effluents to the atmosphere.
8. The emergency core cooling system was revised to meet the AEC’s interim criteria. The
injection paths were altered to provide cold-leg injection with cold- or hot-leg
recirculation. This change was made in order to counteract potential steam binding above
the core and the subsequent bypass of safety injection flow around the upper plenum and
out through a broken hot leg (see Section 6.3).
9. The online testing capability for final actuator devices was added to conform to Regulatory
Guide 1.22 (PSAR Chapter 7).
10. The normal source of water for the service water system (Section 9.2.1) was changed from
the North Anna Reservoir (Lake Anna) to the service water reservoir so that no transfer
from one source of cooling water to the other is required to meet the single-failure
criterion.
11. Reactor protection systems and engineered safety features actuation circuits were changed
from a relay to a solid-state logic system. This change was made to provide a simpler and
faster method of performing online testing; to reduce the amount of fuel wiring required;
to provide a more compact system that requires less space and is easier to maintain; to
achieve a standardized and more flexible system; and to provide a system requiring less
power to operate and less (electrical) heat removal (see Sections 7.2 and 7.3).
12. A safety injection permissive block was replaced with a reactor trip permissive block in
the safety injection reset logic. This change was made in order to prevent a safety injection
signal, if one occurred several hours after an accident, from realigning the emergency core
cooling system from recirculation to injection (Section 7.3).

13. The B4C control rods were changed to Ag-In-Cd control rods. This change was made to
minimize tritium releases from the control rods to the primary coolant (see Section 4.2.3).
14. Pellet density and fuel-rod pressure were changed to reflect the evolution of the design as
core performance and safety requirements were met. The initial backfill pressure of the
helium in the fuel was increased to offset densification effects. The pellet densities were
changed from a variation by fuel-rod region to a constant density for all regions. This
change was made because operating experience has shown that fuel pellet swelling is not a
strong function of burnup, as previously believed, so that a uniform core pellet density can
be employed (see Section 4.3).
15. The burnable poison loading pattern was changed to reflect more detailed design
calculations (see Section 4.3).
16. The reactor vessel top and bottom head penetration and the control-rod drive mechanism
were redesigned to meet the requirements of Section XI of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code (see PSAR Section 5.4).
17. Removable insulation on the closure and lower reactor vessel heads was added to provide
access to those areas for inspection purposes (see Section 5.4).
18. The rod withdrawal stop from the rod drop signal and the automatic turbine load cutback
initiated by rod drop were replaced by the power range neutron flux rate trips. The positive
neutron flux rate trip ensures that the criteria appropriate for an ANS Condition IV event
are met even for rod ejections from partial power. The negative neutron flux rate trip will
ensure that the DNBR remains above 1.30 for all multiple rod drop accidents (see
Section 7.2).
19. The recirculation spray casing cooling subsystem was added to increase the available net
positive suction head for the outside recirculation spray pumps. The available net positive
suction head for the inside recirculation spray pumps was increased by diverting water
from the quench spray system header to the inside recirculation spray pump suction (see
Section 6.2).
The following information is HISTORICAL and is not intended or expected to be updated for the life of the plant.
Table 1.3-1
DESIGN OF NORTH ANNA NUCLEAR STEAM SUPPLY SYSTEM:
COMPARISON WITH SYSTEMS AT BEAVER VALLEY UNIT 1 AND SURRY UNITS 1 AND 2
Chapter Title,
Chapter System/Component Sectiona Significant Similarities Significant Differences
4.0 Reactor
Fuel Section 4.2.1 Similar to Beaver Valley Unit 1. North Anna units have 17 x 17 fuel
assemblies. Surry units have 15 x 15 fuel
assemblies.
Reactor vessel Section 4.2.2 Similar to Beaver Valley Unit 1 None.
internals and Surry Units 1 and 2.
Reactivity control Section 4.2.3 Similar to Beaver Valley Unit 1 None.
systems and Surry Units 1 and 2.
Nuclear design Section 4.3 Similar to Beaver Valley Unit 1 None.
and Surry Units 1 and 2.
Thermal-hydraulic Section 4.4 Similar to Beaver Valley Unit 1 Surry has a core thermal output of
design and Surry Units 1 and 2. 2441 MW. Small variations in
thermal-hydraulic and heat transfer
parameters.
5.0 Reactor coolant Sections 5.1, 5.2
NAPS UFSAR
system
Reactor vessel Section 5.4 Similar to Beaver Valley Unit 1 No significant differences.
Reactor coolant Section 5.5.1 Similar to Beaver Valley Unit 1 The pump motors for North Anna Units 1
pumps and Surry Units 1 and 2. and 2 are 7000 hp; those for Surry and
Beaver Valley Unit 1 are 6000 hp.
a. Final safety analysis report for North Anna Units 1 and 2.

1.3-6
Table 1.3-1 (continued)
Chapter Title,
5.0 The Beaver Valley and North Surry Units 1 and 2 pumps are supported by
(continued) Anna units have pump casings hangers to four feet welded to each pump
that employ three integrally cast casing.
feet and are supported by
box-frame structures.
Steam generators Section 5.5.2 Similar to Beaver Valley Unit 1 No significant differences.
Piping Section 5.5.3 Similar to Beaver Valley Unit 1. Surry Units 1 and 2 employ wrought
The piping and fittings are cast; seamless pipe. The cast 90-degree elbows
and the 90-degree elbows are have longitudinal submerged arc welds.
cast with longitudinal
electroslag welds.
Residual heat Section 5.5.4 Similar to Beaver Valley Unit 1 No significant differences.
removal system and Surry Units 1 and 2.
Pressurizer Section 5.5.5 Similar to Beaver Valley Unit 1 The head material for North Anna is
and Surry Units 1 and 2. fabricated plate; that for Beaver Valley and
NAPS UFSAR
Surry is cast. The surge safety and relief

spray for North Anna are forgings; those for
Beaver Valley and Surry are cast.

1.3-7
Chapter Title,
5.0 Loop stop valves Section 5.5.7 Similar to Beaver Valley Unit 1 Darling Valve manufactured the valves for
(continued) and Surry Units 1 and 2. Surry Units 1 and 2.
Westinghouse manufactures the
valves for Beaver Valley Unit 1
and the North Anna units.
6.0 Engineered safety
features
Emergency core Section 6.3 Similar to Beaver Valley and North Anna’s low-head safety injection
cooling system Surry. pumps and high-head safety
injection/charging pumps have a higher
maximum flow rate than those at Beaver
Valley and Surry. Surry locks power off of
the accumulator isolation valve; North
Anna and Beaver Valley provide “S” signal.
7.0 Instrumentation and
controls
NAPS UFSAR
Reactor trip system Section 7.2 Similar to Beaver Valley and Surry has relay logic; North Anna and
Surry. Beaver Valley have solid state.
Engineered safety Section 7.3 North Anna, Surry, and Beaver No significant differences.
features systems Valley all have extended
engineered safety features
testability.

1.3-8
Chapter Title,
7.0 System required for Section 7.4 Similar to Beaver Valley and No significant differences
(continued) safe shutdown Surry.
Safety-related Section 7.5 Similar to Beaver Valley and No significant differences
display Surry.
instrumentation
Other safety systems Section 7.6 Similar to Beaver Valley and Surry locks power off one residual heat
Surry. removal isolation valve and interlocks the
other; administrative control of closure.
Control systems Section 7.7 Similar to Beaver Valley and North Anna and Surry have a 50% load
Surry. rejection capability without reactor trip;
Beaver Valley has a 95% capability.
Surry has turbine runback and rod
withdrawal block on rod drop; North Anna
and Beaver Valley do not.
9.0 Auxiliary systems
Fuel handling Section 9.1.4 Similar to Beaver Valley and The Beaver Valley system is sized to store
NAPS UFSAR
system Surry. spent fuel from only one unit, while the
Surry and North Anna systems are sized to
handle fuel for two units.

1.3-9
Chapter Title,
9.0 Chemical and Section 9.3.4 Similar to Surry. The Beaver Valley differs from the North
(continued) volume control Anna chemical and volume control systems
system as follows:
Boric acid system uses 4% boric acid
instead of 12%.
System has no deborating demineralizers.
The system serves one reactor unit and does
not have equipment shared between units as
do North Anna and Surry.
The system does not contain a letdown
filter.
14.0 Initial tests and North Anna is the same as North Anna and Beaver Valley are
inspections Beaver Valley. organized to reflect AEC guideline. Surry
precedes issuance of the guide.

NAPS UFSAR
1.3-10
Chapter Title,
15.0 Accident analysis Similar to Beaver Valley and The spectrum for small reactor coolant
Surry (Chapter 14). system break sizes for North Anna includes
the 0.35 ft2 and 0.5 ft2 break sizes, while
Beaver Valley and Surry do not.
Surry differs from North Anna and
Beaver Valley in that:
Surry does not analyze for an accidental
depressurization of the reactor coolant
system.
Surry does not analyze for an
inadvertent loading of fuel assembly
into an improper position.
North Anna and Beaver Valley contain
analyses of both split and guillotine
break modes for break sizes of 0.6 x DE
and larger.
NAPS UFSAR
North Anna and Beaver Valley have

format revision based on ANS
classification of plant conditions.

1.3-11
Chapter Title,
15.0 Accident analysis North Anna and Beaver Valley have

(continued) expanded content based on the
requirement to meet the AEC “Standard
Format and Content of Safety Analysis
Reports for Nuclear Power Plants,”
February 1972.

NAPS UFSAR
1.3-12

Table 1.3-2
COMPARISON OF ENGINEERED SAFETY FEATURES a
North Anna Beaver Valley Surry
Parameter Units 1 & 2 Unit 1 Units 1 & 2
Emergency Core Cooling System
High-head safety injection pumps (charging pump)
Number per unit 3 3 3
Design capacity gpm 150 150 150
Design total developed head, ft 5800 5800 5800
Low-head safety injection pumps
Design capacity, gpm 3000 3000 3000
Accumulator
3
Total volume, ft 1450 1450 1450
3
Water volume, ft min. 925 925 925
Operating pressure, psia min. 600 600 600
Boron injection tanks
Volume, gal 900 900 900
Boron concentration, ppm 20,000 21,000 20,000
Refueling water storage tank
Usable volume, gal 450,000 425,000 350,000
Temperature, °F 40-55 45 45
Containment Heat Removal Systems
Quench spray pumps
Design capacity, gpm 2000 2000 3200
water
a. The values presented in this table are the original values provided to the NRC for comparison prior to
initial licensing. These values may vary from the current design values for the installed equipment.
The actual design values for the installed equipment can be found in other sections of the UFSARs for
North Anna and Surry.

COMPARISON OF ENGINEERED SAFETY FEATURES a
Containment Heat Removal Systems (continued)
Recirculation spray pumps
Number inside or outside of 2 inside, 2 inside, 2 inside,
containment 2 outside 2 outside 2 outside
Design capacity, gpm 3300 inside, 3500 3500
3700 outside
Design total developed head, ft 269 inside, 286 245 230
water outside
Recirculation heat exchangers
6 b 6
UA, Btu/hr-°F (per exchanger) 3.65 x 10 2.75 x 10 3.5 x 106 b
Recirculation flow, gpm 3500 3500 3500
Service water flow, gpm 4500 4000 6000
Post-DBA hydrogen control systems
Number of recombiners per unit 2 2 2
Type of recombiner External External Internal
thermal-electric thermal-electric thermal-electric
Recombiner flow rate (each), scfm 50 50 50
Number of purge blowers per unit 2 2 2
Purge blow flow rate (each), scfm 50 50 45
a. The values presented in this table are the original values provided to the NRC for comparison prior to
initial licensing. These values may vary from the current design values for the installed equipment.
The actual design values for the installed equipment can be found in other sections of the UFSARs for
North Anna and Surry.
b. The UA values for North Anna and Surry are the original values provided to the NRC. However, if the
UA values are calculated using data from the original heat exchanger data sheets of NAS-160 and
NUS-85, the resultant UA values for North Anna and Surry are 3.79 x 106 Btu/hr-°F and
3.8 x 106 Btu/hr-°F, respectively.

Table 1.3-3
COMPARISON OF CONTAINMENT CONCEPTS
Type Subatmospheric Subatmospheric Subatmospheric
Internal diameter, ft. 126 126 126
Overall height, ft. ≈191 185 185
6 3
Free volume, 10 ft 1.825 1.8 1.8
Design pressure, psig 45 45 45
Calculated peak pressure for a LOCA, 40.6 42.7 39.2
psig
Concrete thickness
Vertical wall, ft-in. 4-6 4-6 4-6
Dome, ft-in. 2-6 2-6 2-6
Containment leak rate, percent per 0.1 0.1 0.1
day of containment free volume
Reactor coolant system
Volume (including pressurizer), 9438 9388 9455
ft 3
Temperature, °F 574.5 569 572
(coolant mass average)

Table 1.3-4
COMPARISON OF CONTAINMENT ATMOSPHERE PRESSURE SENSORS
Surry North Anna Beaver Valley
Parameter Units 1 & 2 Units 1 & 2 Unit 1
Containment Atmosphere High-Pressure Transmitter
Number of channels 4 3 3
Logic matrix 3/4 2/3 2/3
Approximate setpoint, psia 16.2 15.0 15.8
Containment Atmosphere High-High-Pressure Transmitter
Approximate setpoint, psia 25.0 25.0 24.3
Containment Atmosphere Intermediate-High-High-Pressure Transmitter
Number of channels NAa 3 NA
Logic matrix NA 2/3 NA
Approximate setpoint, psia NA 20 NA
a. NA = not applicable.

Table 1.3-5
COMPARISON OF RCP BUS PROTECTION
Undervoltage RCP Buses
Approximate setting, V 2912 2912 2912
(70% of 4160V) (70% of 4160V) (70% of 4160V)
Underfrequency RCP Buses
Approximate setting, Hz 57.8 54-59 54-59

Table 1.3-6
COMPARISON OF ACTUATION SIGNALS OF ENGINEERED SAFETY FEATURES
Safety Injection Signal (SIS)
Low pressurizer pressure Yes Yes Yes
coincident with low pressurizer
level
High main steam line Yes Yes Yes
differential pressure
High main steam flow Yes Yes Yes
coincident with low main steam
pressure or low-temperature
average
High containment atmosphere Yes Yes Yes
pressure
Manual initiation Yes Yes Yes
Containment Isolation Phase A (CIA) Signal
Safety injection signal (SIS) Yes Yes Yes
Containment Isolation Phase B (CIB) Signal or Containment Depressurization Actuation
(CDA) Signal
High-high containment Yes Yes Yes
atmosphere pressure
Steam Line Isolation Signal
High main steam flow Yes Yes Yes
coincident with low main steam
pressure or low reactor coolant
temperature average
High-high containment pressure Yes No Yes
Intermediate-high-high No Yes Yes
containment atmosphere
pressure
Table 1.3-7
COMPARISON OF EMERGENCY GENERATOR AND STEAM GENERATOR
AUXILIARY FEEDWATER PUMP START SIGNALS
Component Surry Units 1 & 2 Beaver Valley Unit 1 North Anna Units 1 & 2
Emergency generator auto Emergency-bus undervoltage Emergency-bus undervoltage Emergency-bus undervoltage
start signals
Safety injection actuation Safety injection actuation Safety injection actuation
Containment high-high Emergency-bus supply
pressure signal breakers tripped
Steam generator auxiliary All steam generator All steam generator All steam generator feedwater pumps
feedwater pump feedwater pumps tripped feedwater pumps tripped tripped
(motor-driven) auto start
signals
2/3 low-low-level trip, any 2/3 low-low-level trip, any 2/3 low-low-level trip, any steam
steam generator a steam generator a generator a
Safety injection actuation Safety injection actuation Safety injection actuation
Undervoltage reserve station Undervoltage-reserve station service
service power power
a. Coincident with reactor coolant loop hot-leg stop valve open or reactor coolant loop cold-leg stop valve open.
NAPS UFSAR
1.3-19
COMPARISON OF EMERGENCY GENERATOR AND STEAM GENERATOR
AUXILIARY FEEDWATER PUMP START SIGNALS
Component Surry Units 1 & 2 Beaver Valley Unit 1 North Anna Units 1 & 2
Steam generator auxiliary 2/3 undervoltage on each Undervoltage on steam 2/3 undervoltage on station service
c
feedwater pump station service bus generator feedwater pump bus b

(turbine-driven) auto start buses
signals
2/3 steam generator 2/3 low-low-level trip, any 2/3 steam generator low-low-level trip
a
low-low-level trip steam generator (2/3 matrix) a, b
(2/3 matrix) a
a. Coincident with reactor coolant loop hot-leg stop valve open or reactor coolant loop cold-leg stop valve open.
b. These are the Unit 1 turbine-driven pump auto start signals at the time Unit 1 Operating License was issued. Before issuance of Unit 2 Operating
License, the auto starts for the Unit 1 and Unit 2 turbine-driven pumps were changed to be the same as the auto starts for the motor-driven pumps.
c. A 1997 review of this table found this entry to be inaccurate. Surry’s auto start should read, “2/3 undervoltage on station service busses.” This table
represents historical information as provided to the NRC during license application and will not be updated.
NAPS UFSAR
1.3-20
The following information is HISTORICAL and is not intended or expected to

be updated for the life of the plant.
Table 1.3-8
COMPARISON OF PROCESS AND EFFLUENT RADIATION MONITORING
SYSTEMS
Beaver Valley
Monitor Surrya Unit 1 North Annaa
Aerated vent particulate 1 1 1
Aerated vent gas 1 1 1
Ventilation vent particulate 1 1 1
Ventilation vent gas 1 1 1
Multisampler ventilation sample 1 1 1
particulate
Multisampler ventilation sample 1 1 1
gas
Containment purge vent 1 2 1
Auxiliary building lower level 1 1 1
vents
Auxiliary building upper level 1 1 1
vents
Contiguous areas, vent 1 1 1
Component cooling water 2 1 1
Liquid wastes 1 1 2
Steam generator blowdown 2 1 2
sample
Reactor coolant letdown gross 2 2 2
activity
Containment recirculation cooler 4 4 4
service water outlet
Service water discharge 2 0 2
Circulating water discharge 1 0 1
Condenser air ejection 1 1 1
Spares 2 4 2
a. North Anna Unit 1 and Surry Unit 1 are shown; North Anna Unit 2 is similar.
Note: This table is HISTORICAL and is not intended or expected to be updated for
the life of the plant. However, for informational accuracy, it is noted that North
Anna revised the number of blowdown sample monitors to 3 (one per steam
generator) prior to initial startup.

Table 1.3-9
COMPARISON OF AREA RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEMS
Beaver Valley
Containment structure low range 1 1 1
Containment structure high range 1 1 1
Manipulator crane 1 1 1
Incore instrumentation transfer 1 1 1
device area
Decontamination area 1 1 1
New-fuel storage area 1 1 1
Fuel pit bridge 1 1 1
Auxiliary building control area 1 4 1
Sample room 1 0 1
Waste solidification and shipping 1 1 1
area
Control room 1 1 1
Laboratory 1 1 1
Spares 2 2 2

Table 1.3-10
COMPARISON OF AIRBORNE RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEMS
Beaver Valley
Containment structure particulate 1 1 1
Containment structure gas 1 1 1
Table 1.3-11
COMPARISON OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Parameter North Anna Units 1 & 2 Surry Units 1 & 2 Maine Yankee
Transmission System (Section 8.1.1)
Transmission line 3 at 500 kV 4 - 2 at 500 kV 4 - 2 at 345 kV

and 2 at 230 kV and 2 at 115 kV
AC Power Systems (Section 8.3.1)
Main transformers 6 at 330 mVA 6 at 180/240/300 mVA 2 at 430 mVA
FOA OA/FOA/FOA
Unit station service transformer 6 at 15/20 mVA 6 at 15/20 mVA 2 - 1 at 30 mVA
OA/FA OA/FA and 1 at 20 mVA
Reserve station service 3 at 18/24/30 mVA 3 at 18/24/30 mVA 2 - 1 at 30 mVA
transformer OA/FA/FOA OA/FA/FOA and 1 at 20 mVA
Emergency Power System (Section 8.3.1)
Emergency diesel generators 4 at 3000 kW/2000 hr 3 at 2850 kW 2 at 2500 kW
Emergency 4.16 kV buses 4 at 1200 A 4 at 1200 A 2 at 1200 A
Emergency 4.16 kV tie buses 2 at 1200 A 2 at 1200 A None
NAPS UFSAR
AC Vital-Bus System
Distribution cabinets 8 4 4
Inverters 8 - 2 at 20 kVA 4 at 10 kVA 4 at 10 kVA
and 6 at 15 kVA
1.3-23
Table 1.3-11
COMPARISON OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Parameter North Anna Units 1 & 2 Surry Units 1 & 2 Maine Yankee
125-V DC System (Section 8.3.2)
Unit batteries (125V) 8 - 4 at 900 A-h, 2 at 800 A-h, 4 at 1500 A-h 4 - 2 at 1800 A-h
and 2 at 1500 A-h and 2 at 480 A-h

Battery chargers 12 at 250 A 4 at 200 A 4 at 250 A
NAPS UFSAR
1.3-24

Table 1.3-12
COMPARISON OF WASTE SYSTEMS
North Anna Surry Beaver Valley
Clarifier-demineralizer filter (Not used
except for
demineralizer)
Number 2 None None
Capacity, maximum gpm 300
Clarifier equipment (Not used
except for
demineralizer)
Number 2 sets None None
Capacity, gpm 300
Design decontamination factor 10 for Mo, I2,
(DF) (including demineralizer) and Te
100 for all
others
Flat-bed filter (Not used)
Number 1 None None
Capacity, maximum gpm 75
Liquid waste demineralizer filter
Number 1 1 1
Capacity, maximum gpm 75 75 50
Liquid waste demineralizer (IEFS)
Number 1 1 1
Design decontamination factor (a) (a) 10
Liquid waste effluent filters (IEFS)
Number 2 1 2
Process vent charcoal filters
Number 2 2 2
Capacity, maximum operating, 1000/300 1000/300 1250/1250
scfm
Design decontamination factor 100 for Iodine 100 for I 100 for I
a. See design decontamination factor for waste disposal evaporator.


COMPARISON OF WASTE SYSTEMS
North Anna Surry Beaver Valley
Spent-resin dewatering filter
Number 1 1 2
Capacity, maximum gpm 150 150 -
Waste gas catalytic recombiner (Not used)
Number 1 1 5
Capacity, scfm 1.5 1.5 None
Waste disposal evaporator, number (Not used)
Number 1 1 1
Capacity, net gpm 6 6 6
Trays, number 0 0 5
4 4
Design decontamination factor 10 10 105
(including demineralizer)
Waste disposal evaporator reboiler (Not used)
Number 2 in series 1 1
6 6
Total duty, Btu/hr 4.0 x 10 4.0 x 10 3.9 x 106
Waste gas decay tank
Number 2 2 3
Capacity, gal 3400 3250 743
Decay time, days 60 60 30
Operating pressure, maximum psig 145 150 100

Table 1.3-13
COMPARISON OF NUCLEAR PLANT SYSTEMS
North Anna Beaver Valley Surry Units
Parameter Units 1 & 2 Unit 1 1&2
Fuel Pit Cooling System
Fuel pit cooling pump
Number 2 2 2
Capacity, gpm 2750 750 4200
Design TDH, ft. 79.4 74 62
Fuel pit coolers
Number 2 2 2
Duty, Btu/hr (each) 28,400,000 11,400,000 34,750,000
Fuel pit water flow, gpm 2600 650 4200
Component cooling flow, gpm 2000 1100 1322
Component Cooling System

Component cooling pumps Dual rated
Capacity, gpm 8000/12,000 4700 9000
Design, TDH, ft. 191.7/140.0 250 200
Component cooling heat exchangers
Duty, Btu/hr (each) 52,000,000 33,000,000 50,300,000
Component cooling water flow, 9000 4620 6830
gpm
Service water flow, gpm 10,500 6060 9000
Service Water System

Service water pumps
Number per unit 3 3 None
Capacity, gpm 11,500 9000 Gravity
Design TDH, ft 127 155 Flow
Boron Recovery System

Gas stripper
Number 2 2 1
Capacity, gpm (each) 135 75 240

COMPARISON OF NUCLEAR PLANT SYSTEMS
North Anna Beaver Valley Surry Units
Parameter Units 1 & 2 Unit 1 1&2
Boron Recovery System (continued)
Boron recovery tanks
Number 3 2 3
Capacity, gal (each) 120,000 195,000 120,000
Boron evaporator
Number 2 2 2
Capacity, gpm (each) 20 15 20
Primary water tanks
Number 2 2 2
Evaporator bottoms tank
Number 1 1 1
Capacity, gal 4000 2000 4000
Gas stripper surge tank
Number 1 None 1
Capacity, ft3 80 None 70
Design pressure, psig 200 200
Test tanks
Number 2 2 2
Primary water pumps
Number Service - 2 2 2
Standby - 2
Capacity, gpm (each) Service - 120 200 350
Standby - 200
Design TDH, ft Service - 270 310 255
Standby - 285

1.4 IDENTIFICATION OF AGENTS AND CONTRACTORS
1.4.1 Introduction
Virginia Electric and Power Company has contracted with Westinghouse Electric
Corporation for the purchase of (1) the nuclear steam supply system for each nuclear unit,
including its turbine generator, and (2) uranium dioxide and its fabrication into fuel for each
reactor. The balance of plant was designed and constructed by Vepco with architectural,
engineering, and construction services from Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation.
Consulting services also were received from NUS Corporation and Dames & Moore, Inc. NUS
Corporation assisted Vepco in areas of site meteorology and climatology and radiation dose
assessment; Dames & Moore, Inc., assisted Vepco in areas of site geology, hydrology, and
seismology.
The contractors involved in the day-to-day design and construction of North Anna
Units 1 and 2 were Westinghouse and Stone & Webster. Each of these parties, by contract, was
assigned responsibility for the design of certain systems, structures, and components. The
assignment of responsibility for major structures, systems, and components is shown in
Table 3.2-1. Chapter 17 describes the quality assurance programs that were used to ensure that
these responsibilities were carried out in accordance with applicable codes, rules, and
regulations.
The following subsections provide information on the experience and qualifications of

the aforementioned agents and contractors.
1.4.2 Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation
Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation is a Massachusetts corporation with its main
office in Boston, Massachusetts. The home office staff of engineers, designers, construction
specialists, and clerical personnel during the North Anna project numbered 4000.
Before the advent of commercial nuclear power, Stone & Webster was engaged in the
engineering, design, and construction of hydroelectric and fossil-fueled power plants and
chemical process plants. During the past 25 years, Stone & Webster has engineered, designed,
and/or constructed 176 hydroelectric and fossil-fueled power plants for a total electric power
output of about 33,000,000 kW.

Stone & Webster has been actively engaged in nuclear engineering and the construction
of nuclear plants since 1954. They have participated in the design and/or construction of the
Shippingport atomic power plant, the Army Package Power Reactor, the Yankee-Rowe nuclear
power station, the Carolinas-Virginia nuclear station, the Haddam Neck plant of the
Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company, Surry Units 1 and 2 of Vepco, the Nine Mile
Point power station of the Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation, the Maine Yankee atomic
power station, Beaver Valley Unit 1 of the Duquesne Light Company et al., and the James A.
FitzPatrick nuclear power station of the Power Authority of the State of New York et al., all of
which are operating or have operated successfully.
In addition to North Anna Units 1 and 2, they have under design or construction at this
time the Greene County nuclear power station of the Power Authority of the State of New York,
North Anna Units 3 and 4 of Vepco, the Shoreham nuclear power station and Jamesport Units 1
and 2 of the Long Island Lighting Company, the Beaver Valley power station of the Duquesne
Light Company et al., Millstone Unit 3 and Montague Units 1 and 2 of the Northeast Utilities
Service Company, Nine Mile Point Unit 2 of the Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation, River
Bend Unit 1 of the Gulf States Utilities Company, and Sundesert Units 1 and 2 of the San
Diego Gas and Electric Company.
1.4.3 Westinghouse Qualifications and Experience as a Supplier of Nuclear Steam

Supply Systems
The experience of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation in nuclear plants for the
electrical utility industry is demonstrated by the PWR plants that it has designed, developed,
and manufactured. Table 1.4-1 lists all Westinghouse PWR plants, including plants under
construction or on order at the time of the original FSAR submitted for the North Anna units.
Westinghouse has long held a position of leadership in the electrical products

manufacturing industry. This leadership is based on a tradition of standard and new product
reliability and quality. Nowhere is this leadership displayed more vividly than in nuclear power.
Through early participation in basic research and engineering developments, Westinghouse has
established a broad technological foundation in nuclear power applications. It has also
established a continuing program of sound technological development that enables the
corporation to offer to the electrical utility industry a reliable and safe source of power from the
atom.
The experience of Westinghouse in nuclear activity is evident in numerous atomic power

projects—completed, soon to go into operation, or being developed. The following paragraphs
describe Westinghouse-designed PWR plants that were in operation at the time of the original
FSAR submittal for the North Anna units.

1.4.3.1 Plants in Operation
Westinghouse PWR nuclear power plants in operation are as follows:
1. Shippingport
Shippingport was the world’s first large central station nuclear power plant. The reactor
plant was designed by the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, which is operated by
Westinghouse under AEC contract. Shippingport’s pressurized water reactor has produced
steam for the Duquesne Light Company’s turbine-generator plant since December 1957.
2. Yankee-Rowe
Singled out by the AEC as a “nuclear success story,” Yankee went online in
November 1960. Owned and operated by the Yankee Atomic Electric Company, Yankee
has progressed from an initial rating of 120 MWe to its present 176 MWe. Westinghouse
supplied the nuclear steam supply system and the turbine generator.
3. Enrico Fermi
The Enrico Fermi nuclear plant was one of the first Westinghouse-designed plants to
incorporate the chemical shim control of reactivity. Chemical shim has since become a
standard feature of Westinghouse PWR control. Enrico Fermi achieved initial criticality in
June 1964 and began power operation in October 1964. The plant is rated at 256 MWe.
4. Ardennes
The Ardennes plant is unique in that the Westinghouse pressurized water reactor and its
auxiliaries are housed in man-made caverns. Ardennes, a Franco-Belgian undertaking
owned and operated by the Societe d’Energie Nucleaire Franco-Belge des Ardennes
(SENA), is located in France near the France-Belgium border. Ardennes achieved initial
criticality in October 1966 and began power operation in 1967.
5. San Onofre
San Onofre employs the Westinghouse-developed rod cluster control that has become a
standard feature of the Westinghouse pressurized water reactor. Owned by the Southern
California Edison Company and the San Diego Gas and Electric Company, the 430-MWe
plant is located near San Clemente. Westinghouse supplied the nuclear steam supply
system and the turbine generator. Initial criticality was achieved in June 1967, and power
operation began in January 1968.

6. Connecticut Yankee
Owned and operated by the Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company, this plant went
critical in mid-1967 and attained full power operation in December 1967. Like San
Onofre, the plant employs rod cluster control in conjunction with chemical shim control.
Westinghouse supplied the nuclear steam supply system and the turbine generator. In
March 1969, Connecticut Yankee received AEC approval to uprate the plant from its
initial rating of 462 MWe to 567 MWe.
7. Jose Cabrera
The Jose Cabrera station is located near Zorita, Spain. The 153-MWe plant employs rod
cluster control, chemical shim control, and a Zircaloy-clad core. Construction began in
mid-1965, and power operation began in 1968. Jose Cabrera is owned and operated by
Union Electrica Madrilena, a Spanish utility.
8. Beznau 1
Beznau 1, Switzerland’s first commercial nuclear power plant, achieved initial criticality
on June 30, 1969, and supplied power to the system on July 17, 1969. The 350-MWe plant
was designed and constructed by the Westinghouse-Brown Boveri Consortium for the
owner/operator utility, Nordostschweizerische Kraftwerke A.G. The plant started
producing power less than 4 years after the award of the plant contract.
9. Robert Emmett Ginna
The Robert Emmett Ginna Plant, owned and operated by Rochester Gas and Electric
Corporation, is located on the south shore of Lake Ontario. Westinghouse supplied the
420-MWe plant on a turnkey basis. Construction began in April 1966, and initial criticality
was achieved on November 9, 1969—just 42 months after the start of construction. Power
was supplied to the system on December 2, 1969.
10. Mihama 1
Mihama 1, a 2-loop, 320-MWe unit, is owned and operated by the Kansai Electric Power
Company. Mihama 1 marks the beginning of a line of Westinghouse pressurized water
reactors supplying the generation needs of the Far East. Westinghouse International
Company was the prime contractor for Unit 1, supplying the nuclear steam supply system
engineering, nuclear fuel, and some major system components. The plant required only
44 months from the start of site construction to first power production in August 1970.

11. H. B. Robinson 2
This plant is a 3-loop, 700-MWe unit that was built on a turnkey basis for the Carolina
Power & Light Company. The plant is located at a site near Hartsville, South Carolina, on
a man-made cooling lake. The construction permit was granted in April 1967. The plant
achieved criticality and first power to system in October 1970.
12. Point Beach 1
Point Beach 1 is a 454-MWe Westinghouse PWR unit built on a turnkey basis for the
Wisconsin Michigan Power Company and the Wisconsin Electric Power Company. The
plant is located near Two Creeks, Wisconsin, 90 miles north of Milwaukee on Lake
Michigan. This is the first of two units at the station that will share many facilities and
auxiliary systems. The construction permit for Unit 1 was granted in July 1967, and initial
criticality and first power to system were achieved in November 1970.
13. Surry 1
This plant is a 3-loop, 823-MWe PWR unit built for Vepco. The plant is located in Surry
County, Virginia, on a point of land called Gravel Neck, which juts into the James River.
This is the first unit of a twin-unit station. Westinghouse supplied the nuclear steam supply
system and the turbine generator. The construction permit for Unit 1 was granted on
June 26, 1968, and the unit achieved initial criticality on July 1, 1972.
1.4.3.2 Westinghouse Facilities
Westinghouse, in its effort to plan for the future, has developed a broad range of facilities
to satisfy the needs of the nuclear industry. The facilities are as follows:
1. Columbia Plant, Nuclear Fuel Division
The Columbia Plant is capable of performing all the operations necessary to manufacture
finished nuclear fuel assemblies. These operations include the conversion of uranium
hexafluoride to uranium dioxide powder, the fabrication of fuel assembly grids, complete
pellet loading, and the final fabrication of assemblies. The plant, located at Columbia,
South Carolina, began full production in early 1970. The Columbia plant is the largest
commercial nuclear fuel fabrication facility in the world.

2. Tampa Division
The Tampa Division plant is the world’s most modern heat transfer equipment production
facility. The plant has 236,000 ft2 of working space with 2 manufacturing aisles for the
production of steam generators and pressurizers. Transportation facilities include four
railroad spurs and a complete barge slip and dock facility for water shipment to all parts of
the world. The Tampa plant made its first steam generator and pressurizer shipment in
September 1969.
3. Pensacola Division
The Pensacola Division plant, located on Escambia Bay on the northwest coast of Florida,
is a 140,000-ft2 manufacturing plant committed to the production of precision reactor
vessel internals. Contributing to the precision manufacturing capability is an
environmental control system that minimizes annual temperature variations throughout the
shop area. Transportation facilities for the plant include a railroad spur that permits
loading and unloading inside the shop, as well as access to barge-loading facilities on
Escambia Bay. Pensacola shipped its first package of reactor internals in July 1970.
4. Cheswick Plant, Electro-Mechanical Division
The Electro-Mechanical Division was established in 1953 in Cheswick, Pennsylvania, to

manufacture canned motor primary coolant pumps for nuclear reactors. The product line
was expanded to include shaft seal pumps (reactor coolant pumps), valves, and control-rod
drive mechanisms—essential components of the Westinghouse pressurized water reactor.
The facility occupies 404,000 ft2 and contains the most modern facilities available for the
production and testing of nuclear plant components.
5. Speciality Metals Division
The Specialty Metals facility is located in Blairsville, Pennsylvania. Several essential parts
of PWR components are manufactured at Blairsville, including the Inconel tubing for
steam generators and the Zircaloy seamless tubing for nuclear fuel cladding. At
Blairsville, complete quality control facilities are used for the analysis and evaluation of
all specialty metal products used in Westinghouse nuclear systems.

6. Westinghouse Nuclear Center
The headquarters of Westinghouse Nuclear Energy Systems is located just east of

Pittsburgh in Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Operating primarily as a headquarters and
engineering facility, the complex houses many of the divisions involved in Westinghouse’s
nuclear activities associated with the electrical utility industry.
7. Zion Nuclear Training Center
The Westinghouse Electric Corporation and the Commonwealth Edison Company of

Chicago have built and are operating a nuclear training center at Zion, Illinois. The
28,000-ft2 training center contains classrooms, a training reactor, a training material
center, video recording facilities, and multiplant nuclear power plant simulators.
Westinghouse staffs and operates the center, supplies all the equipment required, and is
responsible for the development and presentation of all training programs. Commonwealth
Edison provided the building and access to the Zion nuclear units for in-plant observation
training, and advises and assists Westinghouse in developing training programs.
1.4.4 Consultants
1.4.4.1 Dames & Moore, Inc.
Dames & Moore is a nationwide consulting firm in the field of soil mechanics and
building foundations. The firm has developed recognized competence in the areas of geology
and geophysical problems in the nuclear industry. The firm was retained to provide consulting
services for the North Anna project in the areas of geology, hydrology, and seismology. Dames
& Moore has provided similar services for numerous nuclear projects, including Vepco’s Surry
Power Station.
1.4.4.2 NUS Corporation
NUS Corporation of Rockville, Maryland, was retained to provide general consulting

services on the North Anna project in the areas of general site climatology and diffusion
meteorology, demographic and land use studies, and radiation dose assessment. NUS has
extensive experience in the nuclear industry in a broad spectrum of activities, including reactor
engineering safeguards, radiation safety and shielding, site environmental studies, reactor
siting, and reactor design services.
Table 1.4-1
WESTINGHOUSE PWR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Scheduled Nominal
Commercial MWe Number of
Plant Operator Utility Location Operation Net Loops
Shippingport Duquesne Light Company Pennsylvania 1957 157 4

Yankee-Rowe Yankee Atomic Electric Company Massachusetts 1960 176 4
Enrico Fermi Ente Nazionale per L’Energia Elletrica (ENEL) Italy 1964 256 4
Ardennes Societe d’Energie Nucleaire Franco-Belge des France 1967 250 4
Ardennes (SENA)
San Onofre Southern California Edison Company California 1968 430 3
San Diego Gas & Electric Company
Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company Connecticut 1967 567 4
Jose Cabrera Union Electrica Madrilena Spain 1968 153 1
Beznau 1 Nordostschweizerische Kraftwerke AG (NOK) Switzerland 1969 350 2
Robert Emmett Ginna Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation New York 1969 420 2
NAPS UFSAR
Turkey Point 3 Florida Power and Light Company Florida 1972 721 3
Indian Point 2 Consolidated Edison Company of New York New York 1972 873 4
H. B. Robinson 2 Carolina Power and Light Company South Carolina 1970 700 3
Point Beach 1 Wisconsin Michigan Power Company Wisconsin 1970 454 2
Wisconsin Electric Power Company
Mihama 1 Kansai Electric Power Company Japan 1970 320 2
1.4-8
Scheduled Nominal
Salem 1 Public Service Electric and Gas Company New Jersey 1973 1050 4
Surry 1 Virginia Electric and Power Company Virginia 1972 823 3
Surry 2 Virginia Electric and Power Company Virginia 1973 823 3
Diablo Canyon 1 Pacific Gas and Electric Company California 1973 1090 4
Point Beach 2 Wisconsin Michigan Power Company Wisconsin 1972 454 2
Wisconsin Electric Power Company
Turkey Point 4 Florida Power and Light Company Florida 1972 721 3
Prairie Island 1 Northern States Power Company Minnesota 1972 527 2
Zion 1 Commonwealth Edison Company Illinois 1972 1050 4
Kewaunee Wisconsin Public Service Corporation Wisconsin 1972 527 2
Wisconsin Power and Light Company
Madison Gas and Electric Company
NAPS UFSAR
Indian Point 3 Consolidated Edison Company of New York New York 1973 965 4
Salem 2 Public Service Electric and Gas Company New Jersey 1973 1050 4
Prairie Island 2 Northern States Power Company Minnesota 1974 527 2
Zion 2 Commonwealth Edison Company Illinois 1973 1050 4
Donald C. Cook 1 Indiana and Michigan Electric Company Michigan 1973 1100 4
1.4-9
Scheduled Nominal
Donald C. Cook 2 Indiana and Michigan Electric Company Michigan 1974 1100 4
North Anna 1 Virginia Electric and Power Company Virginia 1974 875 3
Beaver Valley 1 Duquesne Light Company Pennsylvania 1973 847 3
Pennsylvania Power Company
Ohio Edison Company
Mihama 2 Kansai Electric Power Company Japan 1972 500 2
Beznau 2 Nordostschweizerische Kraftwerke AG (NOK) Switzerland 1972 350 2
Sequoyah 1 Tennessee Valley Authority Tennessee 1973 1124 4
Sequoyah 2 Tennessee Valley Authority Tennessee 1974 1124 4
Diablo Canyon 2 Pacific Gas and Electric Company California 1974 1110 4
Ringhals Swedish State Power Board Sweden 1974 809 3
NAPS UFSAR
Trojan 1 Portland General Electric Company Oregon 1974 1100 4

Ko-Ri Korea Electric Company Korea 1975 564 2
Joseph M. Farley 1 Alabama Power Company Alabama 1975 829 3
Takahama 1 Kansai Electric Power Company Japan 1974 826 3
William B. McGuire 1 Duke Power Company North Carolina 1975 1150 4
William B. McGuire 2 Duke Power Company North Carolina 1976 1150 4
1.4-10
Scheduled Nominal
North Anna 2 Virginia Electric and Power Company Virginia 1975 875 3
Aguirre Puerto Rico Water Resources Authority Puerto Rico 1976 600 2
Watts Bar 1 Tennessee Valley Authority Tennessee 1976 1140 4
Watts Bar 2 Tennessee Valley Authority Tennessee 1977 1140 4
Ohi 1 Kansai Electric Power Company Japan 1976 1125 4
Joseph M. Farley 2 Alabama Power Company Alabama 1977 829 3
Virgil C. Summer 1 South Carolina Electric and Gas Company South Carolina 1977 918 3
Ohi 2 Kansai Electric Power Company Japan 1976 1125 4
Commonwealth Commonwealth Edison Company Illinois 1978 1100 4
Edison Unit 10
Commonwealth Commonwealth Edison Company Illinois 1979 1100 4
NAPS UFSAR
Edison Unit 11
Shearon Harris 1 Carolina Power and Light Company North Carolina 1977 918 3
Angra dos Reis Central Electrica de Furnas Brazil 1976 600 2
1.4-11
Scheduled Nominal
Crystal River 4 Florida Power Corporation Florida 1977 897 3

Alvin W. Vogtle 1 Georgia Power Corporation Georgia 1978 1100 4
Alvin W. Vogtle 2 Georgia Power Corporation Georgia 1979 1100 4
Beaver Valley 2 Duquesne Light Company Pennsylvania 1978 847 3
Pennsylvania Power Company
Ohio Edison Company
Ringhals 3 Swedish State Power Board Sweden 1977 900 3
Ringhals 4 Swedish State Power Board Sweden 1979 900 3
Almaraz 1 Hidroelectrica Espanola Spain 1976 900 3
Union Electrica Madrilena
Compania Sevillana de Electricidad
Almaraz 2 Hidroelectrica Espanola Spain 1977 900 3
NAPS UFSAR
Union Electrica Madrilena

Compania Sevillana de Electricidad
Lemoniz 1 Iberduero, S. A. Spain 1976 900 3
Lemoniz 2 Iberduero, S. A. Spain 1978 900 3
1.4-12

1.5 REQUIREMENTS FOR FURTHER TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Reference 1 presents descriptions of the safety-related research and development programs

that were being carried out for, by, or in conjunction with Westinghouse Nuclear Energy Systems,
and were applicable to Westinghouse pressurized water reactors at the time of the original FSAR
submittal for the North Anna units.
For each safety-related program then in progress, the program is first introduced, followed,
where appropriate, by background information. This is followed by a description of the program
that gives the program objectives and presents pertinent recent results. Finally, a backup position
may be given for those generally experimental rather than analytical programs that had not yet
reached a stage where it was reasonably certain that the results confirm the expectation. The
backup position is one that might be used if the results are unfavorable; it is not necessarily the
only course that might be taken.
The term “research and development,” as used in this report, is the same as that used by the
NRC in Section 50.2 of its regulations:
(n) “research and development” means (1) theoretical analysis, exploration or

experimentation; or (2) the extension of investigative findings and theories of a
scientific nature into practical application for experimental and demonstration
purposes including the experimental production and testing of models, devices,
equipment, materials and processes.
The technical information generated by these research and development programs will
demonstrate the safety of the design and more sharply define the margins of conservatism, and it
may lead to design improvements.
Included in the overall research and development effort are the programs described below.
These programs are applicable to the 17 x 17 fuel assembly.
1.5.1 Verification Test (17 x 17)
The design of the reactor uses a 17 x 17 array of fuel rods and thimbles in a fuel assembly.
This array is conceptually similar to but geometrically different from the 15 x 15 array used in
previous designs. The 17 x 17 design is considered to be a relatively small extrapolation of the
15 x 15 design. Comprehensive testing has been planned, however, to verify that the
extrapolation is sufficiently conservative. A preliminary evaluation of the data obtained at the
time of the original FSAR submittal for the North Anna units did not reveal any anomalies.

Design changes, if necessary, will be made to the reference 17 x 17 hardware in the

unlikely event that any of the experimental results fall outside the conservative design values used
in analysis.
Westinghouse maintains that no plant need be designated a prototype and instrumented to

verify the 17 x 17 fuel design. The change in the flow-induced vibration response of the internals
attributable to the change from a 15 x 15 to a 17 x 17 fuel design is minimal for the following
reasons:
1. The only internals that change as a result of the design change from the 15 x 15 to the
17 x 17 fuel assembly are the guide tube and the control-rod drive line.
2. The guide tube is rigidly attached at the upper core support plate only. The upper core plate
serves only to align the guide tubes. Because of this type of support arrangement, the guide
tube makes a minimal contribution to the vibration response of the core barrel and other
internals.
3. The effective flow area of the guide tube for the 17 x 17 fuel assembly is essentially the
same as that for the 15 x 15 array and therefore there are no significant differences in the
flow distribution in the upper plenum.
4. The differences in mass and spring rate between the 15 x 15 and 17 x 17 fuel assemblies are
very small (approximately 3%). This ensures that the effects of the fuel on the vibration
response of the reactor internals will remain essentially unchanged. The preoperational hot
functional flow testing presented in Chapter 14 is considered the most conservative test
condition, since higher flow rates exist.
More adequate and meaningful tests to verify the change from the 15 x 15 to the 17 x 17
array would be to test the new guide tube and fuel assembly designs individually in a special test
facility, such as the loop test facilities at the Westinghouse Forest Hills site. This type of program
was in fact conducted and is discussed below.
Some of the verification work described herein was conducted using 17 x 17 assemblies of
a 7-grid design, whereas the selected 17 x 17 assembly design has 8 grids. Tabulated below are
those 17 x 17 tests that used a 7-grid geometry and the effect of adding an eighth grid.

Test Parameter Effect
Fuel assembly structural test Axial stiffness Negligible effect from at

blowdown impact forces
(Reference 2)
Lateral impact Additional grid shares impact

load (Reference 2)
Prototype assembly test Pressure drop Margin between 7-grid design

delta P and D-loop results
(Reference 3) adequate to
cover the additional delta P
resulting from the additional
grid
(less than 5% increase in
delta P)
Lift force Margin between 7-grid design

lift force and D-loop results
(Reference 3) adequate to
cover the additional lift force
resulting from the additional
grid
Rod vibration Decreased span length results

in improved vibratory
amplitude and reduced rod
wear
Departure from nucleate DNB correlation Addition of a grid increases

boiling (DNB) mixing, which increases DNB
margin
Incore flow mixing TDC TDC increases as grid spacing

decreases (Reference 4)
The above tabulation shows (1) that additional design changes are not required (e.g., no
new fuel assembly hold-down spring is needed) as a result of the addition of a grid, and (2) that
7-grid test information can be used to assess the adequacy of the 8-grid design. Additional testing
to specifically investigate the 8-grid assembly is not required.

1.5.1.1 Rod Cluster Control Spider Tests
Test Purpose and Parameters
The 17 x 17 RCC spider is conceptually similar to but geometrically different from the
15 x 15 spider. The 17 x 17 spider supports 24 rodlets (the 15 x 15 design supports 20) with no
vane supporting more than two rodlets (same as the 15 x 15 design). The RCC spider tests
verified the structural adequacy of the design.
The spider vane-to-hub joint was tested for structural adequacy by (1) a vertical static-load
test to failure and (2) a vertical fatigue test to approximately 3 million steps. The static-load test
was performed by applying tensile and compressive loads to the spider. The load was applied
parallel to the spider hub and reacted between the spider hub and fingers. The spider fingers
shared the load equally. The number of cycles for the fatigue test was determined from the
expected number of steps a control-rod drive mechanism would experience during 20 years in a
load-follow reactor (1.5 x 106 steps). The test met the recommended cyclic test requirements of
the ASME Code, Section III, Appendix II, Paragraph 1520.
The spring pack within the spider hub was tested to determine the spring load deflection
characteristic as a function of the loading cycles seen by the spring. The test was terminated after
1000 cycles compared to a 400-cycle (rod drop) design value. The test loads were equal to or
greater than that predicted to result in a yielding of the spring material. These loads were in
excess of the design values. The test acceptance criterion was for the spring to retain adequate
preload after the repeated cycling.
Facility
The 17 x 17 spider tests were performed at the Westinghouse Engineering Mechanics

Laboratory (see Section 1.5.3.2.15).
Status
The spider tests have been completed. A vertical static-load test approximately seven times
the design dynamic load did not result in spider vane-to-hub joint failure. A spider was tested to
2.8 x 10 6 steps without failure. The spider loading was 110% of the design value for
1.8 x 106 cycles and 220% of the design loading for 1 x 106 cycles. The design load is 3600 lb
compression and 1800 lb tension. The spring test resulted in negligible preload loss.

1.5.1.2 Grid Tests
The 17 x 17 grid is conceptually similar but geometrically different from the 15 x 15 grid.
The purpose of the grid tests was to verify the structural adequacy of the grid design.
Load deflection tests have been made on the grid spring and dimple. The grid spring radial
(normal) stiffness and grid dimple radial and tangential stiffnesses were obtained. This
information was used to verify that the fuel-rod clad wear evaluation has been based on
conservative values of these parameters. The fuel-rod evaluation is conservative, as shown by the
flow test results presented in Reference 3.
The grid-buckling strength has been determined from tests. The grid test specimens had
short sections of fuel tubing inserted in the cell in place of fuel rods. These tests were used to
verify that grid buckling during a postulated seismic occurrence does not interfere with
control-rod insertion.
The grid-buckling strength is defined as the maximum load that can be applied without
failure. In the case of static tests, the applied load, which is deflection controlled, results in an
elastic buckling failure, since no permanent deformation is experienced on removing the load.
The static test established the lower limit for grid failure.
The grid dynamic buckling strength is similarly defined as the maximum load resulting
from an impact that can be applied without failure; however, some localized permanent
deformation occurs before the maximum load is attained.
The grids were tested under both static and dynamic loads. The loads were applied
uniformly to the face of the outside strap, transmitted directly through the grid, and reacted at the
grid face opposite the input. A description of the grid impact test is given in Reference 2. A
description of the analytical use of the test parameters is also given in Reference 2.
Facility
The grid tests were conducted in the Westinghouse Forest Hills Engineering Mechanics
Laboratory (see Section 1.5.3.2.15).
Status
The grid tests have been completed. Test results are in agreement with pretest design
values. The test results, along with fuel assembly structural test results, were factored into the
seismic analysis (Reference 2).

1.5.1.3 Fuel Assembly Structural Tests
The 17 x 17 fuel assembly tests were performed to determine mechanical strength and
properties. The fuel assembly parameters obtained were as follows: lateral and axial stiffnesses,
impact and internal structural damping coefficients, vibration characteristics, and lateral and axial
impact responses to postulated accident loads. The parameters obtained from the lateral dynamic
tests are used for seismic analysis, while those obtained from the axial tests are incorporated in
the LOCA (blowdown) accident analysis. The remaining tests are primarily to demonstrate that
the assembly has sufficient mechanical strength to avoid damage during shipment, normal
handling, and normal operation.
The fuel assembly is subjected to both lateral and axial loads to obtain the respective static
axial and lateral stiffnesses. The information obtained from these tests is used to establish
parameters primarily for accident analysis, since these conditions appear limiting. The axially
applied loads, which were well in excess of shipment, normal handling, and normal operational
design loads, did not result in permanent deformation or damage to fuel assemblies.
Lateral tests were accomplished with both nozzles fixed in place and forces applied to
various grids. The lateral stiffness was found by incrementally increasing and decreasing the
static load.
The fuel assembly was tested in a vertical position using core pins to simulate reactor
support conditions. An electrodynamic shaker was attached to the center (fourth) grid to provide
excitation. The fuel assembly mode shapes and corresponding natural frequencies were obtained
from displacement transducers. A comparison of analytical and experimental results is given in
Reference 2. Experimental vibration studies of individual fuel rods were also performed. The
rods were tested under simulated fuel assembly support conditions and as assembled in a
prototype fuel assembly. The information obtained from these tests included the fundamental
frequencies and mode shapes. A general test description and a summary of the results are
presented in Reference 3.
The fuel assembly axial stiffness was found by incrementally increasing the static load
(compressive) and then incrementally decreasing the static load.
Lateral impact tests were performed by displacing the center of the assembly with the
nozzles fixed in place. The assembly was released and allowed to impact on lateral restraints at
each of the five center grid locations.

The axial impact response and damping were found by dropping the fuel assembly from
various heights. The axial impact test was performed with the fuel assembly in the upright
position.
The relevant parameters measured during the lateral and axial impact tests were as follows:
1. Impact duration versus impact load.
2. Impact force versus drop height or initial displacement.
3. Impact during damping or restitution as a function of impact force.
A general description of the test procedure, including a description of the use of the
parameters as related to accident analysis, is presented in Reference 2.
There is a general axial test buckling criterion that does not allow the local buckling of
components that could prevent control-rod insertion during an accident. The overall fuel
assembly buckling and local component buckling is checked during the axial static and dynamic
tests. The lateral displacement associated with the overall (beam-type) fuel assembly buckling is
constrained by the reactor internals and therefore does not reduce the ultimate strength of the fuel
assembly. Local component buckling was not experienced during either the static or dynamic
tests for loads well in excess of the design values. The general acceptance criteria were not
violated.
Facility
These tests were conducted at the Westinghouse Engineering Mechanics Laboratory (see
Section 1.5.3.2.15).
Status
The fuel assembly structural tests have been completed. The fuel assembly structural test
results are factored into the seismic and blowdown analyses (Reference 2).

1.5.1.4 Guide Tube Tests
A new guide tube was designed to accommodate the 24-rodlet pattern adopted for the
17 x 17 cores. This guide tube is sufficiently strong to provide increased margins of safety over
present guide tubes. A high degree of interchangeability of parts has been designed into the guide
tube. The main features of the design are full-length enclosures and cylindrical upper guide tubes.
The 17 x 17 rodlet pattern reduced the central area available for driveline passage significantly,
thus necessitating a generally tighter design of the rod guidance elements.
The following guide tube tests are considered engineering tests:
1. Engineering prototype assembly tests.
2. The guide tube drop and deflection test.
These tests are used as design tools and are not specifically required for the demonstration
of plant safety.
The engineering prototype assembly tests are described below.
Engineering Prototype Assembly Tests. The purpose of these tests was to demonstrate that
the 17 x 17 fuel assembly and driveline hardware designs perform as predicted. The tests were
run before the required plant functional tests and are used as engineering information tests to
obtain experimental data. A single set of driveline hardware, including control rods, was used in
the tests. The fuel assemblies and driveline were subjected to flow and system conditions
covering those mostly likely to occur in a plant during normal operations or during a pump
overspeed transient.
These tests were used to verify, from an engineering confidence standpoint, the integrated
fuel assembly and rod cluster control performance in several areas. Data obtained included
pressures and pressure drops throughout the system, hydraulic loadings on the fuel assembly and
driveline, control-rod drop time and stall velocity, fuel-rod vibration, and control-rod, driveline,
guide tube, and guide thimble wear during a lifetime of operation. None of this information is
considered to be safety related.
Specifically, two full-size 17 x 17 fuel assemblies (one for each phase of testing) and one
control rod, drive shaft, and control-rod drive mechanism were installed and tested in the
24-inch-diameter by 40-foot-high D-loop at the Westinghouse Test Engineering Laboratory
Facility.

Fuel Assembly Life Test (Phase I). The first fuel assembly was subjected to the maximum
expected control-rod travel during one fuel assembly lifetime. The nominal test conditions were a
flow velocity based on the design flow rate, a temperature of 585°F, and a pressure of 2000 psig.
These conditions represent an extreme set of conditions.
Using a fully instrumented 17 x 17 prototype fuel assembly, guide tube, and rod cluster
control drive assembly, the test conducted in the D-loop produced information on the following:
1. Mechanical integrity and performance.

2. Drop time.
3. Fuel-rod vibration.
4. Control-rod velocity.
5. Hydraulic lift force.
6. Guide thimble dashpot pressure.
Following this, the prototype fuel assembly underwent a complete post-test evaluation, and
the guide tubes and driveline were inspected for any abnormal wear conditions. The purpose of
this test was basically to determine the effect of the 17 x 17 fuel assembly and the control-rod
configuration on Items 1 through 6 in Phase I and Items 1 and 2 in Phases II and III. The effect
on control-rod drop due to a seismic disturbance is evaluated analytically.
The test procedures, conditions, and results for Phase I are described in Reference 3.
Guide Tube and Rod Cluster Control Life Test (Phases II and III). The second fuel
assembly was then installed to continue the test at the same flow and temperature until 3 million
total steps of the driveline were accumulated. For Phases II and III, the testing was run at
temperatures between 250°F and 585°F and at flow rates from 110 to 150% of the design flow
rate.
The test included a program of control-rod drops and mechanism stepping that
approximated the driveline duty for the design lifetime of an operating plant. Specifically, in
Phase II, approximately 1,275,000 mechanism steps and approximately 170 control-rod drops
were accumulated. The components were then inspected. Following inspection, the testing was
continued until, at the end of Phase III testing, a total of over 3 x 106 mechanism steps and
approximately 500 control-rod drops were accumulated.

These tests were directed toward:
1. Lifetime wear evaluation.
2. Drop time.
3. Rod stall characteristics.
These were not safety-related tests; they were used as engineering tools. Final verification
of the fuel assembly and control rod hardware designs was demonstrated during the rod drop tests
performed after the initial loading of the core.
At the completion of the Phase II tests, the test assembly was inspected to determine guide
tube and driveline wear characteristics. This inspection was repeated at the end of the test
(Phase III).
Facility
The above testing was conducted in the Westinghouse Test Engineering Laboratory Facility
(see Section 1.5.3).
Status
The D-loop testing has been completed. The results of the testing are given in References 3
and 5.
1.5.1.5 Departure from Nucleate Boiling
The effect of the 17 x 17 fuel assembly geometry on the departure from nucleate boiling
(DNB) heat flux has been determined experimentally and has been incorporated into a modified
spacer factor for use with the W-3 correlation. The effect of cold-wall thimble cells in the 17 x 17
geometry has also been quantified.
A similar program was conducted to quantify the DNB performance of the R-type mixing
vane grid as developed for the 15 x 15 fuel assembly design (References 6 & 7). The results of
that program were used to develop a modified spacer factor that quantifies the power capability
associated with the use of the R mixing vane grid as well as the change in power capability due to
the axial spacing of the grids. The modified spacer factor, along with the W-3 correlation with the
cold-wall factor, was shown to be applicable to cold-wall thimble cells in the 15 x 15 geometry
(Reference 7).

The experimental program consisted of three test series employing rod bundles that are
representative of the 17 x 17 fuel assembly geometry. Two of the tests employed all heated rods,
one test section being 8 feet long and the other being 14 feet long. The third test had one
simulated cold-wall thimble tube. All three tests employed a uniform axial heat flux. The
applicability of DNB data obtained using a uniform heat flux to a nonuniform heat flux has been
well established by the use of an axial flux shape factor. Tong (Reference 8) first developed the
form of the factor. This same form with some minor change in the empirical constants has been
confirmed by Wilson (Reference 9). This method of analysis has proven correct for nonuniform
rod bundle data, as shown by Rosal (Reference 10), Motley (Reference 6), and Wilson
(Reference 9).
The concern over uniform versus nonuniform axial heat flux in long bundles is addressed in
Reference 11, where comparative data on bundles of 0.422-inch-o.d. rods are presented. This
provided a suitable basis for 17 x 17 DNB evaluation for all axial heat fluxes.
The final 17 x 17 fuel assembly design incorporated an additional grid and had a grid
spacing less than 22 inches. An additional test program was conducted to provide data applicable
to the 17 x 17 fuel assembly with 22-inch axial grid spacing (Reference 17). Four geometries
were tested to vary axial heat flux shape (uniform vs. chopped cosine), heated length (8 vs.
14 feet), and cell type (typical vs. thimble coldwall), over a wide range of inlet fluid parameters.
The results demonstrated the applicability of the R grid CHF correlation multiplied by a factor of
0.88 in predicting CHF for uniform and non-uniform axial heat flux. The results also verified the
use of the F-factor for non-uniform data, the heated length effect incorporated into the modified
spacer factor, and the cold wall factor.
Facility
These tests were conducted in the high-temperature and high-pressure loop that was
constructed by Westinghouse at the Columbia University Heat Transfer Laboratories. The loop
characteristics of this facility are as follows:
Flow rate 400 gpm maximum

40 gpm minimum
Working pressure 3500 psia maximum
Test section inlet temperature 650°F maximum
Test section outlet temperature 700°F maximum
Test section heated length 16 ft maximum


Power input to test section 7.5 MWe maximum
The 17 x 17 DNB tests were performed parametrically for various combinations of inlet
temperature and flow rate by increasing the bundle power incrementally until a DNB occurs.
Status
The original DNB test program is complete and the results are reported in Reference 11.
1.5.1.6 Incore Flow Mixing
In the thermal-hydraulic design of a reactor core, the effect of mixing or turbulent energy
transfer within the hot assembly was evaluated using the THINC code. The rate of turbulent
energy transfer is formulated in the THINC analysis in terms of a thermal diffusion coefficient
(TDC).
A program (Reference 4) to determine the proper value of the TDC for the R grid vane, as
used in the 15 x 15 fuel assembly design, has been completed, and the results show that a design
value of 0.038 (for 26-inch spacing) can be used for the TDC. The results also show that the TDC
is independent of Reynold’s number, mass velocity, pressure, and quality over the ranges tested.
A test program was conducted to determine the effects of the 17 x 17 fuel assembly
geometry on mixing and to determine an appropriate value for the TDC (Reference 13). A
uniform axial heat flux was used. There was no analytical reason to expect that the mixing
coefficient would be affected by a nonuniform axial heat flux. The THINC computer code
considers the mixing in each increment along the heated length, and within that increment the
heat flux is considered uniform. The tests reported by Cadek (Reference 12) indicate that there is
no difference, within the limits of experimental accuracy, between a test section with a uniform
flux (Pitt) and one with one-half of a cosine flux (Columbia). The heat flux in the test program
for the 17 x 17 fuel assembly geometry was varied between the simulated fuel rods in the test
section to create a thermal gradient in the radial direction (Reference 13). Using different flow
rates and inlet temperatures, the TDC for the 17 x 17 geometry was determined.
Facility
These tests were conducted at the Columbia University Heat Transfer Laboratories.
Status
The TDC tests are complete and the results are reported in Reference 13.

1.5.2 LOCA Heat Transfer Tests (17 x 17)
1.5.2.1 Reflood Heat Transfer Tests
Extensive experimental programs have been performed with a simulated 17 x 17 assembly

to determine its behavior under LOCA conditions. The 17 x 17 tests were conducted in the
G-loop facility at the Westinghouse Forest Hills Laboratory.
Results form the 17 x 17 programs were compared with data from the 15 x 15 assembly
test programs and were used to confirm predictions made by correlations and codes using the
15 x 15 test results (see Reference 16).
1.5.2.2 Delayed Departure from Nucleate Boiling Testing
1.5.2.2.1 Introduction
The NRC acceptance criteria for emergency core cooling systems for light water powered
reactors were issued in Section 50.46 of 10 CFR 50 on December 28, 1973. They define the basis
and conservative assumptions to be used in the evaluation of the performance of emergency core
cooling systems. Westinghouse believes that some of the conservatism of the criteria is associated
with the manner in which transient DNB phenomena are treated in the evaluation models.
Transient critical heat flux data presented at the 1972 specialists’ meeting of the Committee on
Reactor Safety Technology indicated that the time to a DNB can be delayed under transient
conditions. To demonstrate the conservatism of the models for evaluating emergency core
cooling systems, Westinghouse initiated a program to experimentally simulate the blowdown
phase of a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). This testing was part of the Electric Power Research
Institute’s Blowdown Heat Transfer Program, which was started early in 1976. The testing was
completed confirming model conservatism and Westinghouse did not change the LBLOCA
methodology.
1.5.2.2.2 Objective
The objective of the delayed departure from nucleate boiling (DDNB) test was to determine
the time that a DNB occurs under LOCA conditions. This information would be used to confirm
the existing Westinghouse transient DNB correlation or to develop a new one. The steady-state
DNB data obtained from 15 x 15 and 17 x 17 test programs can be used to ensure that the
geometrical differences between the two fuel arrays can be correctly treated in the transient
correlations.

1.5.2.2.3 Program
The program was divided into two phases. The Phase I tests started from steady-state
conditions; sufficient power was available to maintain nucleate boiling throughout the bundle.
Controlled ramps of decreasing test section pressure or flow initiated a DNB. Through the
application of a series of controlled conditions, the DNB was studied over a range of qualities and
flows, and at pressures relevant to a PWR blowdown.
Typical parameters used for Phase I testing are shown in Table 1.5-1.
Phase I provided separate-effects data to permit heat transfer correlation development.
Phase II simulated PWR behavior during a LOCA and thus permitted the definition of the
time delay associated with the onset of a DNB. Tests in this phase cover the large double-ended
guillotine cold-leg break. All tests in Phase II were started after establishment of typical
steady-state operating conditions. The fluid transient was then initiated, and the rod power decay
was programmed in such a manner as to simulate the actual heat input of fuel rods. The test was
terminated when the heater rod temperatures reached a predetermined limit.
Typical parameters used for Phase II testing are shown in Table 1.5-2.
1.5.2.2.4 Test Description
The experimental program was conducted in the J-loop at the Westinghouse Forest Hills
Facility. A full-length 5 x 5 rod bundle simulated one section of a 15 x 15 assembly subjected to
a DNB under LOCA conditions.
The heater rod bundle used in this program consisted of internally heated rods capable of a
maximum power of 18.8 kw/ft, with a total power of 136 kW (for extended periods), over the
12-foot heated length of the rod. Heat is generated internally by means of a varying
cross-sectional resistor that approximates a chopped cosine power distribution. The rods were
adequately instrumented, each having a total of 12 clad thermocouples.
1.5.2.2.5 Results
The experiments in the DDNB Facility resulted in cladding temperature and fluid
properties measured as a function of time throughout a blowdown range of 0 to 20 seconds.

Facility modifications and the installation of the initial test bundle have been completed. A
series of shakedown tests in the J-loop have been performed. These tests provided data for
instrumentation calibration and checkout, as well as information regarding facility control and
performance. Initial program tests were performed during the first half of 1975. Under the
sponsorship of the Electric Power Research Institute, testing was reinitiated during 1976 on the
same test bundle. The testing was terminated in November 1976, and a new test bundle was
installed prior to further testing during 1977-1978. A DNB correlation was developed from the
test results and compared to the use of the steady state correlations. Since only a minimal
improvement was noted, the Westinghouse LBLOCA methodology continued to use the steady
state DNB correlations.
1.5.2.3 Single-Rod Burst Test
The single-rod burst test results were used to quantify the maximum assembly flow
blockage that is assumed in LOCA analyses.
The 15 x 15 fuel assembly rods have already been subjected to single-rod and multi-rod
burst tests under LOCA conditions. The results of these tests indicated that fuel rods burst in a
staggered manner, so that maximum average assembly-wide flow area blockage is 55% during
blowdown and 65% during reflood, based on the characteristics of the PWR rod and the
conservative peak clad temperature predicted for the period of the LOCA transient.
The single-rod burst test program for the 17 x 17 fuel assembly rods involved bursting
specimens at various internal pressures and heating rates in a steam atmosphere.
In addition, tests were run on 15 x 15 fuel assembly rods to ensure the reproducibility of
the 1972 single-rod burst test results. Results of the program are documented in References 14
and 15.
The single-rod burst tests and evaluation have been completed and are reported in
References 14 and 15. Results of the tests show that the 17 x 17 and 15 x 15 clads do not differ
significantly in failure ductility under LOCA conditions. Because of the results and the geometric
scaling, the flow blockage (percentage) as determined in the 15 x 15 multi-rod burst test
simulation can be used for the 17 x 17 fuel geometry.

1.5.3 Westinghouse Test Engineering Laboratory Facility
1.5.3.1 Introduction
The Test Engineering Laboratory at Forest Hills, Pennsylvania, has long been the major
Westinghouse center for nuclear research and development. The Test Engineering Laboratory is
totally involved with the design and implementation of facilities and programs to prove the
reliability of Westinghouse PWR concepts and components.
The laboratory has full in-house capabilities to design and construct PWR loops for both
hydraulic and heat transfer testing programs. The most vital current project is the analysis of
emergency core cooling systems by means of scale-model tests conducted on three separate
facilities.
The G-loop, a test vessel that contains a bundle of 480 heater rods, is the largest such test
facility in the world. The G-loop has a steam supply to provide the proper environment during
system blowdown, as well as the capability to test high-pressure and low-pressure emergency
core cooling systems. The G-loop operates at pressures up to 2000 psi and temperatures up to
650°F. It is designed to start operation at 8 seconds after a LOCA and is capable of investigating
the upper-head injection and other spray systems of the current emergency core cooling system.
The J-loop is a test vessel containing an array of 25 heater rods, a broken-loop simulation,
and an unbroken-loop simulation. The loop is designed to operate at 2500 psi and 650°F, and is
capable of simulating the first 20 seconds of a LOCA with primary emphasis on a DDNB.
FLECHT-SET, a test vessel containing an array of 100 heater rods and thimbles, was used
to investigate the reflood phase of the emergency core cooling system, plant system effects being
measured with scaled piping and two scale-model steam generators. The facility is designed to
operate at up to 100 psia.
Five general-purpose hydraulic loops were also involved in the development of improved
water reactor components, as well as the reliability testing of current and prototype PWR
components.

Historically, the services of the Test Engineering Laboratory have reflected the prevailing
need. At the time of the North Anna FSAR submittal it was needed for the development of data
on emergency core cooling systems and for the verification of many new PWR system
components. Other past needs and accomplishments have included the development of
supercritical heat transfer once-through loops, rod cluster control drive mechanisms, fuel
assemblies, underwater handling tools, and fuel assembly grid designs. Testing at the laboratory
has included air filter tests, water chemistry tests, in-pile tests of fuel rods, single fuel-rod burst
tests, studies of fuel assembly hydraulics, and corrosion tests of Zircaloy and other PWR
components and materials, with and without heat transfer.
The Test Engineering Laboratory is a very flexible installation, one that will continue to
expand and develop as future needs for its services arise. Its staff, too, varies according to
requirements. At the time of the North Anna FSAR submittal, there were more than 100 persons
involved in laboratory projects, including 12 electrical and mechanical engineers, more than
75 highly skilled technicians, and some 30 specialists from other divisions of Westinghouse. The
laboratory had the option of obtaining personnel from other divisions of the corporation,
depending on the need for specific skills, knowledge, and experience.
Ongoing research performed at the Test Engineering Laboratory continues to demonstrate

the reliability of Westinghouse PWR plant components and greatly facilitates the development of
improved reactor system components. As the test center for Westinghouse Nuclear Energy
Systems, the laboratory is totally committed to the advancement of the nuclear energy industry.
1.5.3.2 Test Loops and Equipment
This section contains a brief description of the major test loops and test equipment at the
Westinghouse Test Engineering Laboratory Facility.
1.5.3.2.1 A- and B-Loops: Low-Flow/High-Pressure Hydraulic Facilities
These loops are small, high-pressure, stainless steel facilities used for testing small
components and individual parts of larger components under normal working conditions. A
canned motor pump circulates water in both the A- and B-loops at 150 gpm. Operating
temperatures are obtained from the conversion of the pumping power into heat, as well as from
external heaters. Typical tests run in these loops include (1) full-scale gate and check valve tests,
(2) material corrosion-erosion tests, with variable water chemistry, and (3) tests of corrosion
product release and the transport properties of crud. The following are the characteristics of the
A- and B-loops:
Maximum flow rate at 300 ft 150 gpm


Maximum pump head at 60 gpm 335 ft
Maximum allowable temperature 650°F
Normal working pressure 2000 psi
Normal working temperature 600°F
1.5.3.2.2 D-Loop: Medium-Flow/High-Pressure Hydraulic Facility
The D-Loop is a flexible test facility used for demonstrating the interplay of reactor
subsystems and evaluating component design concepts. It contains a canned-motor pump, which
produced a 290-foot head at 3000 gpm. All piping (10-inch Schedule 160) in contact with the
primary water is stainless steel. The loop pressure is established and maintained by an air-driven
charging pump operating in conjunction with a gas-loaded backpressure valve. Most of the power
required to establish and maintain loop temperature is derived from the circulating pump
operation, and 75 kW of heat is available from electric strip heaters.
The D-loop services a 24-inch-i.d. x 40-foot-long test vessel, which accommodates

full-scale models of large PWR core components for operational studies. The characteristics of
the D-loop are as follows:
Maximum flow rate 4400 gpm
Maximum allowable pressure 2400 psi
Maximum allowable temperature 650°F
Normal working pressure 2000 psi
Normal working temperature 600°F
Pump head at 3000 gpm 290 ft
Maximum pump head at 1500 gpm 340 ft
Main loop flow measurement 10-in. venturi
Auxiliary flow measurements 6-in. venturis

(2-in. branch lines)
1.5.3.2.3 E-Loop: Low-Flow/Low-Pressure Hydraulic Facility


The E-loop is a low-pressure, 6-inch, stainless steel loop, with two circulating pumps.
These pumps may be connected in parallel, giving 2000 gpm at 130-foot head, or in series, giving
1000 gpm at 260-foot head. Flow and vibration studies are conducted with this loop, and,
because of its low pressure, plastic models for visual observation or photography may be used. In
addition, a 4-inch Rockwell water meter in a branch line permits the calibration of flowmeters up
to 800 gpm. The characteristics of the E-loop are as follows:
Maximum flow rate, gpm
At 130 ft 2000
At 360 ft 1000
Maximum working pressure Pump head
1.5.3.2.4 G-Loop: Emergency Core Cooling System Facility
The G-loop is a high-pressure emergency core cooling system test facility designed and
fabricated for 2000 psi and 650°F in accordance with ASME Section I. It consists of a main test
section and vessel, an exhaust system, piping, separators and a muffler, a flash chamber steam
supply system, and high-pressure/low-pressure cooling systems.
This loop is basically designed to obtain test data for the analysis of LOCA-related breaks
up to and including double-ended pipe breaks. Tests are initiated at simulated conditions existing
8 seconds after the start of a LOCA. A typical run consists of constant power and pressure,
followed by pressure blowdown, power decay, and emergency core cooling system activation.
The G-loop is capable of performing the following methods of emergency core cooling
system: current, upper-head injection, upper-head injection with current, and other core spray
systems. It may also be used for constant temperature/pressure small-leg break tests
(core-uncovering tests). These tests involve boiling off water at a constant bundle power input
until the rods can no longer be cooled.
The G-loop test bundle consists of 480 electrically heated rods, 16 grid support thimbles,
and 33 spray thimbles, all bounded by an octagonal stainless steel baffle and arranged in a 4-loop,
15 x 15 rod bundle configuration. The loop is controlled (fully automated during transients)
through a PDP-II-DEC-16k computer with a 600-point Computer Products Analog-to-Digital
converter operating at a sweep rate of 40,000 points per second for data acquisition. Figure 1.5-1
is a schematic of the G-loop emergency core cooling system test facility. The G-loop system
components and characteristics are as follows:
The following information is HISTORICAL and is not intended or expected to be updated for the
life of the plant.
Typical Operating
Rated Conditions Conditions
Pressure Temperature Pressure Temperature
Component Material (psi) (°F) (psi) (°F)
Test vessel Carbon steel 2000 650 1000 545
Downcomer side tank Carbon steel 2000 650 1000 545
In-line mixer Carbon steel 2000 650 1000 545
Mixer-accumulator Stainless steel 2500 650 1800 100
Flash chamber Carbon steel 3000 700 2800 660
Separators 1 and 2 Carbon steel 2000 650 1000 545
Spray accumulators 1 Carbon steel 2000 650 1800 150
and 2
Spray accumulator 3 Stainless steel 2500 650 1800 150
Reflood tank Stainless steel Atmo- 212 Atmo- 150
spheric nspheric
Primary piping Carbon steel 2000 650 1000 545
life of the plant.
1.5.3.2.5 H-Loop: High-Flow Hydraulic Facility
The H-loop is a versatile hydraulic facility that is capable of supplying 14,000 gpm of water at a
developed head of 600 feet and at temperatures as high as 200°F. This 4-loop system can
simultaneously handle either full-scale prototype test assemblies or one large-scale reactor model. The
major purpose of H-loop is to permit the use of 1/7-scale reactor models and full-scale fuel assemblies
for conducting mixing studies, flow distribution studies, and similar low-temperature/low-pressure
hydraulic tests. The characteristics of H-loop are as follows:
Maximum flow rate 14,000 gpm
Pressure drop across vessel model 120 psi
Minimum vessel outlet pressure 10 psig
Flow accuracy 0.5%
Water temperature range 70-200°F

life of the plant.
Maximum loop-to-loop temperature variation 2°F
Maximum loop-to-loop flow rate variation 3%
1.5.3.2.6 J-Loop: Delayed Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DDNB) Heat Transfer Facility
The J-loop is a completely instrumented pressurized-water test facility for verifying DDNB
phenomena during a LOCA and for conducting steady-state heat transfer studies. This test loop is a
full-size, single-loop simulation of a typical 4-loop reactor system; it will accept a full-length 5 x 5
bundle of internally heated “fuel rods.” The J-loop is designed to operate at 2500 psia at 650°F, and at
variable flow rates up to 450 gpm.
During LOCA tests, fluid input to the “reactor vessel” is closely controlled by two
servo-controlled mixers, which inject a two-phase water/steam mixture into the test vessel to simulate
flow from the unbroken loops. Figure 1.5-2 is a schematic of the J-loop test facility. The characteristics
of J-loop are as follows:
Test fluid Demineralized water
Design pressure 2500 psia
Design temperature 650°F
Maximum flow rate (hot) 450 gpm
Power input to test vessel (maximum) 3,500,000W
Primary test heat exchanger rating 11,400,000 Btu/hr
1.5.3.2.7 K-Loop: Boron Thermal Regeneration Test
The K-loop, the boron thermal regeneration system test facility, is used to study the performance
and to verify the component sizing of both the currently available THERM I and the improved
THERM II boron thermal regeneration systems. The function of this system is to process
boron-containing effluents from the reactor coolant system to yield a high-boron-concentration
fraction, which can be used to borate the reactor coolant system. It also processes a relatively
boron-free fraction, such as that required in load-follow operations, which can be used to dilute the
reactor coolant system. The characteristics of K-loop are as follows:
Total tank capacity 30,000 gal
Chiller capacity, of ice 48 tons
Maximum ion exchange resin test volume 75 ft3

life of the plant.
Maximum test process rate capability, bed area 10 gpm/ft2
Maximum flow test capability 200 gpm
Minimum boron storage mode fluid temperature 50°F
Maximum boron release mode fluid temperature 160°F
1.5.3.2.8 FLECHT-SET: Emergency Core Cooling System Facility
The FLECHT-SET is a low-pressure facility that is designed to provide experimental data on the
influence of system effects on the emergency core cooling system during the reflood phase of a LOCA.
The facility consists of a once-through system, including an electrically heated test section (“fuel
rods” and housing), an accumulator, steam generator simulators, a pressurizer, catch vessels,
instrumentation, and the piping necessary to simulate the reactor primary coolant loop. Data
acquisition is accomplished through a PDP-II-DEC-16K computer with a 256-point Computer
Products A-D converter, operating at a sweep rate of 1200 points per second. The FLECHT-SET has
the following characteristics:
100-rod bundle maximum power 1000 kW
Maximum bundle flooding rate 86 gpm
Water temperature range 100-200°F
System pressure 0-60 psia
1.5.3.2.9 Single-Rod Loop: Heater Rod Development Facility
The single-rod test loop is used for the evaluation of prototype heater rods and for the in-depth
study of existing rods in pressurized-water systems. The test section of the loop is easily replaced to
facilitate the installation of heater rods of varying length and diameter. The single-rod loop is
electrically controlled and operated by one person. Steady-state conditions and blowdown at various
conditions can be simulated in the loop. The main test section can be replaced with a quartz tube, and
the DNB phenomenon can be observed on a single rod with a remotely operated camera. The
characteristics of the single-rod test loop are as follows:
Maximum operating pressure 2250 psia
Maximum operating temperature 650°F
Maximum flow rate 10 gpm

life of the plant.
System capacity 5 gal
Maximum power available 200 kW
Piping size 1 and 3 in.
1.5.3.2.10 Hydraulic Model Testing
Miscellaneous hydraulic tests on mock-ups of reactor system parts and components are routinely
performed at the test engineering laboratory. Typical of this type of testing are the two discussed below,
which have been completed.
Emergency Core Cooling Flow Distribution
As shown above, a 10 x 10 rod bundle was installed in a plastic housing with a water supply at
the top. A grid collection unit at the bottom of the bundle collected the water as it flowed through the
model and diverted it to the measuring tubes at the base. Knowledge of the flow distribution in the
bundle was obtained in this manner.
Sample System Mixing Test
This test used one thermocouple to measure the temperature of water from four locations in a
reactor. The purpose of the procedure was to determine whether the indication from the single
thermocouple was representative of the average temperature of the four water supplies. A mock-up of
the mixing chamber was constructed so that hot or cold water—under closely controlled
pressure—could be supplied to any of the four inlets. By running combinations of hot and cold inlets
and making simultaneous recordings of the various temperatures, highly useful information was
obtained.
1.5.3.2.11 Autoclave Testing
The testing engineering laboratory is equipped with autoclaves ranging in size from 0.5 to
100 gallons. These devices are in constant use to determine the effects of various water chemistries on
core components, and to perform corrosion tests. The units have also been used as boilers to provide
steam for miscellaneous development tests, including acoustic leak detection.
1.5.3.2.12 Mechanical Component and Vibration Tests
Full-scale mechanical and vibration tests of plant and reactor components are performed at the
test engineering laboratory to prove the reliability of equipment design. Vibration testing of reactor
components is also performed in this laboratory, using electronically excited shaker heads. Three sizes
are available (2, 50 and 150 lb) for regular scale model testing at frequencies from 5 to 50 Hz.
life of the plant.
1.5.3.2.13 Electronic Component Assembly
Highly skilled technicians are available at the test engineering laboratory to construct complex
control and instrumentation systems. The work, which is initiated with engineering ideas and sketches,
includes the mounting of process controllers, recorders, meters, relay logic, protection circuits,
switches, and indicators.
Point-to-point wiring or printed circuit boards are used, as required. Final “as-built” drawings are
prepared, and an inspection and a thorough electrical checkout are performed before installation.
1.5.3.2.14 Surveillance System Development
Surveillance systems are used for the online monitoring of pressure vessels for flaws. Under
development at the test engineering laboratory are electronic components for an acoustic emission
monitoring system for the inservice inspection of operating plant vessels and piping. This system is
designed to detect the initiation and propagation of cracks at welds, stress risers, and other locations.
Vessel flaw growth and rupture data have been obtained through joint programs at the National Reactor
Testing Station in Idaho and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Pipe rupture data have been obtained
from NRC-sponsored tests, and hydrostatic test data have been collected and operational noise and
attenuation characteristics have been measured at various operating Westinghouse plants.
1.5.3.2.15 Engineering Mechanics Laboratory
Bench tests are performed in fixtures designed for the particular test using standard test
equipment and techniques.
1.5 REFERENCES
1. F. T. Eggleston, Safety Related Research and Development for Westinghouse Pressurized

Water Reactors, Program Summaries, WCAP-8768, Revision 1, 1976.
2. L. Gesinski, D. Chiang, and S. Nakazato, Safety Analysis of the 17 x 17 Fuel Assembly for
Combined Seismic and Loss-of-Coolant Accident, WCAP-8288, 1973.
3. E. E. De Mario and S. Nakazato, Hydraulic Flow Test of the 17 x 17 Fuel Assembly,
WCAP-8279, 1974.
4. F. F. Cadek, F. E. Motley, and D. P. Dominicis, Effect of Axial Spacing on Interchannel
Thermal Mixing with the R Mixing Vane Grid, WCAP-7941-P-A (Proprietary) and
WCAP-7959-A (Non-proprietary), Westinghouse Nuclear Energy Systems Proprietary,
1972, and WCAP-7959-A, January 1975.
5. F. W. Cooper, Jr., 17 x 17 Driveline Components Tests - Phase 1B, II, III D-Loop Drop and
Deflection, WCAP-8446, proprietary, and WCAP-8449, non proprietary, 1974.
6. F. F. Cadek and F. E. Motley, DNB Results for New Mixing Vane Grid (R), WCAP-7695-P-A
(Proprietary) and WCAP-7958-A (Non-proprietary), Westinghouse Nuclear Energy Systems,
January 1975.
7. F. F. Cadek and F. E. Motley, DNB Test Results for R Grids with Thimble Cold Wall Cells,
WCAP-7695, Addendum 1-P-A (Proprietary) and WCAP-7958, Addendum 1-A
(Non-proprietary), Westinghouse Nuclear Energy Systems, January 1975.
8. L. S. Tong, Prediction of Departure From Nucleate Boiling for an Axially Non-Uniform Heat
Flux Distribution, Journal of Nuclear Energy, Vol. 21, PP-241-248, 1967.
9. R. H. Wilson, L. J. Stanek, J. S. Gellerstedt, and R. A. Lee, Critical Heat Flux in a
Non-Uniformly Heated Rod Bundle, in Two-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer in Rod Bundles,
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1969, pp. 56-62.
10. E. R. Rosal, et al., Rod Bundle Axial Non-Uniform Heat Flux Tests and Data, WCAP-7411,
Revision 1-P-A (Proprietary) and WCAP-7813, Revision 1-A (Non-proprietary),
Westinghouse Nuclear Energy Systems, January 1975.
11. K. W. Hill, F. E. Motley, F. F. Cadek, and A. H. Wenzel, Effect of 17 x 17 Fuel Assembly
Geometry on DNB, WCAP-8296-P-A (Proprietary) and WCAP-8297-A (Non-proprietary),
Westinghouse Nuclear Energy Systems, January 1975.
12. F. F. Cadek, Interchannel Thermal Mixing with Mixing Vane Grids, WCAP-7667-P-A
(Proprietary) and WCAP-7755-A (Non-proprietary), Westinghouse Nuclear Energy Systems
Proprietary, January 1975.
13. F. E. Motley, A. H. Wenzel, and F. F. Cadek, The Effect of 17 x 17 Fuel Assembly Geometry
on Interchannel Thermal Mixing, WCAP-8298-P-A (Proprietary) and WCAP-8299-A
(Non-proprietary), Westinghouse Nuclear Energy Systems Proprietary, January 1975.
14. 17 x 17 Design Fuel Rod Behavior During Simulated LOCA Conditions, WCAP-8290,
proprietary, and WCAP-8289, non proprietary, 1974.
15. A Temperature Sensitivity Study of Single Rod Burst Tests, WCAP-8290, Addendum 1,
proprietary, and WCAP-8289, Addendum 1, non proprietary, 1975.
16. A. J. Burnett and S. C. Kopelic, Westinghouse ECCS Evaluation Model - October 1975
Version, WCAP-8622, proprietary, and WCAP-8623, non proprietary, 1975.
17. F. E. Motley, A. H. Wenzel and F. F. Cadek, WCAP-8536 (Proprietary) and WCAP-8537
(Non-proprietary), Critical Heat Flux Testing of 17 x 17 Fuel Assembly Geometry with
22-inch Grid Spacing, Westinghouse Nuclear Energy Systems, May 1975.
Table 1.5-1
DDNB PHASE I TEST PARAMETERS
Parameters Nominal Value
Initial Steady-State Conditions
Pressure 1750 to 2250 psia
Test section mass velocity 2.3 to 2.5 x 106 lb/hr-ft2
Core inlet temperature 560 to 600°F
Maximum heat flux 306,000 to 531,000 Btu/hr-ft2
Transient Ramp Conditions
Pressure decrease 0 to 350 psia and subcooled
depressurization psi/sec from 2250
Flow decrease, 0 to 100%/sec
Inlet enthalpy Constant
Table 1.5-2
DDNB PHASE II TEST PARAMETERS
Parameters Nominal Value
Initial Steady-State Conditions
Pressure 2250 psia
Test section mass velocity 2.5 x 106 lb/hr-ft2
Inlet coolant temperature 560°F
Maximum heat flux 531,000 Btu/hr-ft2
Transient Conditions
Simulated break Double-ended cold-leg guillotine
breaks
Figure 1.5-1
SCHEMATIC OF 17 X 17 REFLOOD TEST FACILITY
Figure 1.5-2
DNB TEST FACILITY SCHEMATIC
NAPS UFSAR
1.5-29
Intentionally Blank
1.6 MATERIAL INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE—

WESTINGHOUSE TOPICAL REPORTS
Number Report Section

1. R. F. Barry et al., Topical Report - Power Distribution Monitoring 3.9
in the R. E. Ginna PWR, WCAP-7756, 1971.
2. R. F. Barry and S. Altomare, The TURTLE 24.0 Diffusion 4.3, 15.1
Depletion Code, WCAP-7213, Westinghouse Nuclear Energy
Systems Proprietary, 1968, WCAP-7758, 1971.
3. R. F. Barry, LEOPARD, a Spectrum Dependent Non-Spatial 15.1
Depletion Code for the IBM-7094, WCAP-3269-26, 1963.
4. R. Bartholomew and J. Lipchak, Test Report, Nuclear 7.2
Instrumentation System Isolation Amplifier, WCAP-7819,
Revision 1, 1972.
5. A. E. Blanchard and D. N. Katz, Solid State Rod Control System, 7.7
Full Length, WCAP-7778, 1971.
6. A. E. Blanchard, Rod Position Monitoring, WCAP-7571, 1972. 7.7
7. A. E. Blanchard, Part Length Rod Control System, WCAP-7406, 7.7
1971.
8. G. J. Bohm, Indian Point Unit No. 2 Internals Mechanical 3.9
Analysis for Blowdown Excitation, WCAP-7822, 1971.
9. F. M. Bordelon, A Comprehensive Space-Time Dependent 15.4
Analysis of Loss-of-Coolant (SATAN 4 Digital Code),
WCAP-7750, 1971.
10. F. M. Bordelon, Calculation of Flow Coastdown After Loss of 15.1
Reactor Coolant Pump (PHOENIX Code), WCAP-7973, 1973.
11. T. W. T. Burnett, Reactor Protection System Diversity in 7.2, 15.4
Westinghouse Pressurized Water Reactor, WCAP-7306, 1969.
12. T. W. T. Burnett, C. J. McIntyre, J. C. Buker, ant R. P. Rose. 15.1
LOFTRAN Code Description, WCAP-7907, 1972.
13. F. F. Cadek, Interchannel Thermal Mixing with Mixing Vane 4.4
Grids, WCAP-7755, 1971.
14. K. Cooper, R. Starek, and V. Miselis, Over-Pressure Protection 5.2, 15.2
for Westinghouse PWR, WCAP-7769, Revision 1, 1972.

15. S. Fabic, Loss-of-Coolant Analysis: Comparison Between 3.9
BLODWN-2 Code Results and Test Data, WCAP-7401, 1969.
16. S. Fabic, Description of the BLODWN-2 Computer Code, 3.9
QCAP-7918, Revision 1, 1970.
17. D. B. Fairbrother and H. G. Hargrove, WIT-6 Reactor Transient 15.1
Analysis Computer Program Description, WCAP-7980, 1972.
18. W. C. Gangloff, An Evaluation of Anticipated Operational 7.2, 15.2
Transients in Westinghouse Pressurized Water Reactors,
WCAP-7486, 1971.
19. I. Garber, Test Report of Isolation Amplifiers, WCAP-7685, 1971. 7.2
20. J. M. Geets and R. Salvatori. Long Term Transient Analysis 15.1
Program for PWR’s (BLKOUT Code), WCAP-7898, 1972.
21. J. M. Geets, MARVEL - A Ditigal Computer Code for Transient 15.1
Analysis of a Multiloop PWR System, WCAP-7909, 1972.
22. L. T. Gesinski, Fuel Assembly Safety Analysis for Combined 3.9
Seismic and Loss-of-Coolant Accident, WCAP-7950, 1972.
23. W. S. Hazelton et al., Basis for Heatup and Cooldown Limit Technical
Curves, WCAP-7924, 1972. Specifications
24. G. Hetsroni, Hydraulic Tests of the San Onofre Reactor Model, 4.4, 15.1
WCAP-3269-8, 1964.
25. L. E. Hochreiter, H. Chelemer, and P. T. Chu, THINC-IV. An 4.4
Improved Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Rod Bundle Cores,
WCAP-7956, 1972.
26. C. Hunin, FACTRAN, a Fortran IV Code for Thermal Transient in 15.1
a U02 Fuel Rod, WCAP-7908, 1972.
27. D. N. Katz, Solid State Logic Protection System Description, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
WCAP-7488-L, Westinghouse Nuclear Energy Systems
Proprietary, 1971, and WCAP-7672, 1971.
28. C. J. Kubit (ed.), Safety Related Research and Development for 1.5, 4.2, 15.4
Westinghouse Pressurized Water Reactors, Program Summaries,
Fall 1971-Spring 1972, WCAP-7856, 1972.
29. J. B. Lipchak and R. A. Stokes, Nuclear Instrumentation System, 7.2, 7.7
WCAP-7669, 1971.

30. J. Locante and E. G. Igne, Environmental Testing of Engineered 7.3
Safety Features Related Equipment (NSSS - Standard Scope),
WCAP-7744, Volume I, 1971.
31. J. J. Loving, In-Core Instrumentation (Flux- Mapping System and 7.7
Thermocouples), WCAP-7607, 1971.
32. A. F. McFarlane, Power Peaking Factors, WCAP-7912, 1972. 4.3
33. J. Molloy, E. A. Bassler, and W. P. Kaufmann, Nuclear Fuel 4.2, 4.3
Division Reliability and Quality Assurance Program Plan,
WCAP-7800, 1971.
34. J. S. Moore, Westinghouse PWR Core Behavior Following a 3.9, 15.4
Loss-of-Coolant Accident, WCAP-7422-L, Westinghouse Nuclear
Energy Systems, 1970, and WCAP-7422, 1971.
35. F E. Motley and P. F. Cadek, DNB Test Results for New Mixing 4.4
Vane Grids (R), WCAP-7695-L, W Proprietary Class II, 1971,
and WCAP-7958, 1973.
36. F. E. Motley and P. F. Cadek, DNB Tests Results for R. Grid 4.4
Thimble Cold Wall Cells, WCAP-7695-L, Addendum I, W
Proprietary Class II, and WCAP-7958, Addendum I, 1973.
37. F. E. Motley and P. F. Cadek, Application of Modified Spacer 4.4
Factor to L Grid Typical and Cold Wall Cell DNB, WCAP-8030,
1973.
38. J. A. Nay, Process Instrumentation for Westinghouse Nuclear 5.2, 7.2, 7.3
Steam Supply Systems, WCAP-7671, 1971.
39. B. E. Olsen et al., Indian Point No. 2 Primary Loop Vibration Test
Program, WCAP-7920.
40. D. H. Risher Jr., An Evaluation of the Rod Ejection Accident in 15.4
Westinghouse Pressurized Water Reactors Using Spatial Kinetics
Methods, WCAP-7588, Revision 1, 1971.
41. D. H. Risher, Jr., and R. F. Barry, TWINKLE - A 15.1
Multi-Dimensional N eutr on Kinetics Computer Code ,
WCAP-7979, 1971.
42. E. R. Rosal, J. O. Cermak, and L. S. Tong, Rod Bundle Axial 4.4
Non-Uniform Heat Flux DNB Tests and Data, WCAP-7411-L,
Revision 1, W Proprietary Class II, 1970, and WCAP-7813, 1971.

43. R. L. Rosenthal, An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of 4.4
Open Channel Flow on Thermal- Hydro-Dynamic Flow
Instability, WCAP-7240, Westinghouse Nuclear Energy Systems
Proprietary, 1968, and WCAP-7966, 1972.
44. J. J. Szyslowski and R. Salvatori, Determination of Design Pipe 5.2
Breaks for the Westinghouse Reactor Coolant System,
WCAP-7503, Revision 1, 1972.
45. Emergency Core Cooling Performance, Westinghouse Electric 15.4
Corporation, Westinghouse Nuclear Energy Systems Proprietary,
1971.
46. Indian Point Unit No. 2 Final Safety Analysis Report, 15.4
S u p p l e m e n t s 1 2 a n d 1 3, A E C D o c k e t N u m b e r 5 0 - 2 4 7 ,
Consolidated Edison Company of New York.
47. Trojan Unit PSAR, Section 3.2.2, AEC Docket Number 50-344, 4.4
Portland General Electric Company.

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Revision 45—09/30/09 NAPS UFSAR 1-i

Chapter 1: Introduction and General Description of Plant

Section Title Page

1.1 INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1-1

1.2 GENERAL PLANT DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-1

1.3 COMPARISON TABLES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-1

1.4 IDENTIFICATION OF AGENTS AND CONTRACTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-1

Chapter 1: Introduction and General Description of Plant

Section Title Page

1.4.4.1 Dames & Moore, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-7

1.5 REQUIREMENTS FOR FURTHER TECHNICAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-1

1.6 MATERIAL INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE—

Chapter 1: Introduction and General Description of Plant

Table Title Page

Table 1.3-1 Design of North Anna Nuclear Steam Supply System:

Chapter 1: Introduction and General Description of Plant

Figure Title Page

Figure 1.2-1 Site Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-13

1.2 GENERAL PLANT DESCRIPTION

Each reactor containment is a steel-lined, reinforced-concrete cylinder with a hemispherical

During normal operation, internal pressure is subatmospheric and there is no outleakage of

1.2.3 Nuclear Steam Supply System

Thermal output of nuclear steam supply system 2905 MWt

Thermal output of reactor core 2893 MWt

Steam pressure at a steam generator outlet 850 psia

Maximum moisture content 0.25%

Assumed feedwater temperature at steam generator inlet 440°F

1.2.4 Control and Instrumentation

1.2.5 Waste Disposal Systems

1.2.6 Fuel Handling System

1.2.7 Turbines and Auxiliaries

1.2.8 Electrical Systems

1.2.9 Engineered Safety Features

1.2.10 Auxiliary Systems

1.2.11 Common and Separate Facilities

Electrical systems (Chapter 8)

Standby station service transformer facility

Chemical and volume control system (Section 9.3.4)

Chemical mixing tank

Boric acid storage tanks (3)

Boric acid pumps (4)

Boric acid batching tank

Resin fill tank

Boron recovery system (Section 9.3.5)

Component cooling water system (Section 9.2.2)

Component cooling water pumps (4)

Component cooling water heat exchangers (4)

Chilled water mechanical chiller

Mechanical chilled water circulating pumps (3)

Containment Atmosphere Cleanup System (Section 6.2.5)

Hydrogen recombiners (2)

Hydrogen analyzers (2)

Purge blowers (2)

Fuel pit cooling and refueling purification systems (Section 9.1.3)

Spent-fuel pit cooling pumps (2)

Fuel pit coolers (2)