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    Field Crop Production AGR-305

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    Aqib Umar
    Rice is one of the most important crops in Pakistan and globally. It is grown in various regions of Pakistan including Punjab, Sindh, KPK, and Balochistan. Several varieties are commonly grown, with Basmati being especially important for exports and the economy. Rice requires specific soil and climate conditions to thrive, including ample water and humidity. Proper cultivation techniques such as nursery preparation, transplanting, fertilization, and pest/disease management are crucial for high yields.

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    Field Crop Production AGR-305

    Uploaded by

    Aqib Umar
    99 views29 pages
    Rice is one of the most important crops in Pakistan and globally. It is grown in various regions of Pakistan including Punjab, Sindh, KPK, and Balochistan. Several varieties are commonly grown, with Basmati being especially important for exports and the economy. Rice requires specific soil and climate conditions to thrive, including ample water and humidity. Proper cultivation techniques such as nursery preparation, transplanting, fertilization, and pest/disease management are crucial for high yields.

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    RICE

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    Rice is one of the most important crops in Pakistan and globally. It is grown in various regions of Pakistan including Punjab, Sindh, KPK, and Balochistan. Several varieties are commonly grown, with Basmati being especially important for exports and the economy. Rice requires specific soil and climate conditions to thrive, including ample water and humidity. Proper cultivation techniques such as nursery preparation, transplanting, fertilization, and pest/disease management are crucial for high yields.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    99 views29 pages

    Field Crop Production AGR-305

    Uploaded by

    Aqib Umar
    Rice is one of the most important crops in Pakistan and globally. It is grown in various regions of Pakistan including Punjab, Sindh, KPK, and Balochistan. Several varieties are commonly grown, with Basmati being especially important for exports and the economy. Rice requires specific soil and climate conditions to thrive, including ample water and humidity. Proper cultivation techniques such as nursery preparation, transplanting, fertilization, and pest/disease management are crucial for high yields.

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    Field Crop Production

    AGR-305

    Crop Production technology of


    cereal crops

    Dr. Abdul Qayoom Rajput


    List of cereal crops

    Wheat
    Rice
    barley,
    oats,
    maize,
    sorghum
    millets
    Growth stages of Rice
    Growth stages of Rice
    History & origin

    Rice (Oryza sativa L.)


    ￭the most important main food for a large part of the
    world's human population:
    1. East Asia
    2. South Asia
    3. Southeast Asia
    4. Middle East
    5. Latin America, and
    6. West Indies
    ￭the grain with the second highest worldwide
    production, after maize.
    Economic importance
     Pakistan is the world's 11th largest producer of rice.
     Pakistan's exports make up 8% of world's total rice trade.
     rice is an important crop for economy of Pakistan.
     In the year 2016/17, Pakistan produced 6.7 million tonnes, of
    which around 4 million were exported, to the Middle East
    and Africa.
     Rice is grown in fertile lands of Sindh and Punjab region
     Millions of farmers depends on rice cultivation as their major
    source of employment.
     Among the most famous varieties grown in Pakistan include
    the Basmati, known for its flavour and quality.
     Pakistan is a major producer of this variety.
    FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR RICE YIELD
    Selection and preparation of soil
    Selection of approved varieties
    Seed rate
    Sowing and transplantation of nursery
    Irrigation on proper time
    Proper use of fertilizers
    Weeds management
    Important diseases of rice and their control
    Harmful insects and their control
    Harvesting at proper time
    Wheat Yield in 2017-18 were
    recorded 2.56 tons/hec
    Rice uses
     The by-products of milling, including bran and rice polish (finely
    powdered bran and starch resulting from polishing), are used as
    livestock feed.
     Oil is processed from the bran for both food and industrial uses.
     Broken rice is used in brewing/distilling, and in the manufacture of
    starch and rice flour.
     Hulls are used,
     as fuel,
     as packing material,
     for industrial grinding,
     for fertilizer manufacture,
     in the manufacture of an industrial chemical called furfural.
     The straw is used for feed, livestock bedding, roof thatching, mats, garments,
    packing material, and brush straws.
    Nutrition value of Rice
    METHODS OF SOWING NURSARY

    WET BED
     Irrigate, plow, puddle and level the field
     Prepare beds of 1 to 1.5 m width, 4-5 cm height &
    any convenient length
     Seedbed preparation 2 weeks before planting time
     Seedlings are ready for transplanting in 25-35 days.
     Water the seedbed 2-3 DAS .
     Maintain a water level of 2-5 cm, depending on the
    height of seedlings
     Apply 20-40 g urea or DAP per m2 at 10 DAS, if
    needed
     Seed rate for fine grain varieties is 0.5 kg/m2 and 1
    kg for medium grain
    METHODS OF SOWING NURSARY

    Dry BED
     This method is practiced in areas where soils are
    loamy or silt loam. Puddling is not possible.
     Plot is prepared in a dry condition.
     Dry seed is used @ 1.5kg
     Weed control is not satisfactory in this method
     Seedling take 30-40 days to reach transplantable size
    METHODS OF SOWING NURSARY

    Rabi Methods
     This methods is practiced in D.G. khan Areas
    where soil is hard Uprooting of nursery is not
    possible
     Nursery plots are leveled Crop residue spread then
    burnt a day before sowing.
     Seed rate twice that of use in wet bed methods.
    Soil and climate
    SOIL
    Rice can be grown in any type of soil except sandy soil.
    It can can be grown on salt effected soil where other crops can not be
    grown successfully.
    Clay Loam soil with optimum quantity of organic matter and more
    water holding capacity is best for rice cultivation.
    Soil and climate
    CLIMATE
    Rice can be grown under diversity of climate,
    tropical regions,
    cooler regions,
    temperate regions and
    humid climate
    Best suited to regions, which have high humidity, prolong sunshine
    and an assured supply of water.
    Manuring
    Organic manure should be applied 40-50 days before
    sowing.
    Time & seed rate

    Area Variety type Seeding time Seed rate/acre


    IRRI type May 20-June 7 6-7 kg
    Punjab Basmati type June 1- June 15 5-6kg
    Lower Sindh All varieties April 25-June 10 6-7 kg
    Upper Sindh All varieties May 15-June 30 6-7 kg
    KPK (plains) All varieties May 1- May 30 6-7 kg
    KPK (Swat etc) All Varieties May 1- May 20 7-8 kg
    Baluchistan All varieties May 15-June 30 6-7 kg
    Recommended varieties
    Area of cultivation Varieties
    Central Punjab Super Basmati, Basmati 370, Basmati Pak, Basmati 385, Basmati 2000, Shaeen
    Basmati, Basmati 515, PS-2,KS-282, KSK-133, NIAB IR-9, and rice hybrids.

    Southern Punjab Basmati 198, Super Basmati, PS-2, KS-434, KS-282, KSK-133, and rice hybrids
    Upper Sindh IR-6, DR-82, DR-83, DR-92, Sada Hayat, Sarshar, Shahkar and rice hybrids

    Lower Sindh IR-6, Shadab, Shua-92, Khushboo-95 and hybrids


    Baluchistan IR-6, DR-83, Sarshar, Sada Hayat, Shahkar and rice hybrids
    KPK (plains) IR-6, KS-282, KSK-133, KSK-434

    KPK (Swat area etc) JP-5, Kashmir Nafees, Swat-I, Swat-II, Dilrosh-97, Fakher-e- Malakund
    Water management
     1. Judicious/sensible use of water is necessary
     2. At transplanting and one week after depth of water 3-4 cm
     3. Higher water depth is harmful
     4. Lower water depth cause drying
     5. 7 days after transplanting depth of water should be 8 cm
     6. Water should remain standing in field continuously for 25-30
    days.
    Diseases and Pests

    Pests
    Diseases
    In Pakistan, major insect pests are
     Bacterial leaf blight,
     stem borers,
     Blast and brown leaf spot,
     Leaf folder and white backed
     stem rot, plant hopper,
     kernel smut and false smut,  grass hopper,
     army worms,
    which cause 15-20 % on recurrent
    basis.
    Harvesting time
     Generally, the appropriate harvesting time ranges from 30-35days after flowering.
     This is the stage when 85-95 % of upper portion of panicle is straw coloured.
     Harvested crop is left 2-3 days in field for drying.
     Best results can be obtained only if crop is harvested in the morning and
    threshed in the afternoon on the same day.
     Threshed paddy should be cleaned properly to get good market price.
     Now a day, mostly paddy is harvested with combines in Punjab,
     which causes lot of damage to grains and reduces less milling recovery.

     Grain must be containing 20-22% moisture at the time of paddy-crop harvesting.

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