Materials Today: Proceedings: Mycherla Chaitanya, G. Ramakrishna

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Materials Today: Proceedings


journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr

Enhancing the mechanical properties of pervious recycled aggregate


concrete using silicafumes
Mycherla Chaitanya ⇑, G. Ramakrishna
Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry 605014, India

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: The growth of construction industry in India is increasing enormously over the last few years. This
Received 26 October 2020 demands a huge quantity of construction materials across the globe which indirectly has a serious impact
Accepted 16 November 2020 on the environment that includes aggregate scarcity, inadequate ground water recharge due to imperme-
Available online xxxx
able paved surfaces, dust and noise pollution. The use of recycled concrete aggregate in construction
industry will mitigate the impact to some extent and also the construction of permeable surface helps
Keywords: in ground water recharge. In this study, the effect of recycled concrete aggregate on mechanical proper-
Pervious concrete
ties of pervious concrete is studied. In addition, the strength of pervious concrete composed of recycled
Recycled concrete aggregate
Mechanical properties
concrete aggregate is enhanced by the addition of silicafumes from 8% to 16% in increments of 2%. The
Permeability effect of silica fume on permeability and flexural strength is also studied.
Silicafumes Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 2nd International Con-
ference on Manufacturing Material Science and Engineering.

1. Introduction Pavements made of pervious concrete have many advantages com-


pared to conventional pavements. Pervious recycled concrete aggre-
The climatic conditions around the world is changing due to the gate pavement will allow storm water management and also the
over exploitation of natural resources on earth. Excessive mining, utilization of waste generated from the demolition of buildings.
blasting, deforestation, production of more waste, construction of Many studies revealed that the addition of recycled concrete aggre-
impermeable surfaces etc are few reasons to be addressed. Utiliza- gate (RCA) increases the crushing value and porosity but effects the
tion of waste materials will help not only the economics of the pro- strength and durability properties [1,2]. The compressive strength is
ject but also has a positive impact on the environment. Large amount found to decrease with the replacement of recycled concrete aggre-
of recycled aggregate is produced every year across the globe due to gate. Studies revealed that the addition of silicafumes improves
demolition of buildings and various structures [1,2]. The waste gen- workability and strength properties [3]. The replacement of cement
erated in the form of recycled concrete aggregate can be used in the with silica fume increased the strength initially and decreased at
construction projects effectively. The other problem addressed in 20% replacement of cement with silica fume [4,5].
this work is impermeable surfaces. The enormous growth in popula- In the present study, two different coarse aggregate gradations
tion around the world has lead to a huge demand of infrastructure. were used and the best gradation is replaced with recycled con-
Construction of buildings, roads, bridges etc using the conventional crete aggregate. In addition the effect of fine aggregate in varying
techniques and materials has a negative impact on the environment. proportions on mechanical properties of pervious concrete is also
The construction of impermeable surfaces acts as a barrier for studied. Finally, Silicafume is added in varying proportions to the
ground water recharge. The rain water and the other forms of water weight of cement to observe its effect on mechanical properties
generated are getting converted as runoff due to the impermeable of pervious recycled aggregate concrete.
surfaces which do not allow water to infiltrate. Pervious concrete
is a special type of concrete with little or no fine aggregate in the
mix. The absence of fine aggregate in the pervious concrete makes 2. Experimental program
it permeable concrete there by allowing water to pass through it.
2.1. Materials

⇑ Corresponding author. Materials used for making pervious concrete in this research
E-mail address: mycherlac@pec.edu (M. Chaitanya). were ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade, gravel aggregate,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.549
2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 2nd International Conference on Manufacturing Material Science and Engineering.

Please cite this article as: M. Chaitanya and G. Ramakrishna, Enhancing the mechanical properties of pervious recycled aggregate concrete using silica-
fumes, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.549
M. Chaitanya and G. Ramakrishna Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

M sand, recycled concrete aggregate and potable water. Two 3. Result and discussion
coarse aggregate gradations, (12.5–4.75 mm) and (10–2.36 mm)
were used, designated as G1 and G2 and their properties were 3.1. Effect of coarse aggregate gradation
shown in Table 1. M sand of specific gravity 2.30 was used to
make mixes. Two different coarse aggregate gradations (12.5–4.75) mm and
(10–2.36) mm were used and specimens were tested for compres-
sion, flexure and permeability tests. Table 3 summarizes the test
2.2. Mix proportions
results. The gradation G2 has higher values compared to G1 as
the aggregate size is small there will be less voids and more
The mix design was done as per the procedure mentioned in ACI
strength.
522 R [6] and the volume of ingredients used for the preparation of
various mixes is summarized in Table 2.
3.2. Effect of recycled concrete aggregate

2.3. Testing procedures The gradation G2 was chosen as it produces higher compressive
strength results. Fine aggregate was chosen in 0, 10 and 20% of the
The measurement of compressive strength and flexural strength weight of coarse aggregate and coarse aggregate was replaced by
was done after 28 days of curing in accordance with ASTM C 39 [7]. 25% of recycled concrete aggregate as the maximum allowable
The sizes of specimens were 100 mm  200 mm and 500  100  replacement of coarse aggregate by recycled concrete aggregate
100 mm for compression and flexural test. The permeability test is 25% [9]. The compression and flexure strength decreased with
was conducted on specimens of size 100  200 mm in accordance RCA replacement [10]. The test results were summarized in Table 4.
with IRC 44 [8]. The specimen was wrapped around the circumfer- It is inferred that the compression and flexural values are high for
ence to prevent the horizontal flow of water prior to pre-wetting. 10% fine aggregate addition with 25% of RCA. The decrease in
strength with further addition of fine aggregate is attributed to
Table 1 the decrease in cement paste volume. The decrease in permeability
Properties of coarse aggregate. is due to the blocking of pores with addition of fine aggregate.
Property Test result
Specific gravity 2.80 3.3. Effect of silicafume on compressive strength
Density [kg/m3] 1590
Water absorption % 0.8 Silicafumes were added in proportions of 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16%
Impact value % 23 to the weight of cement and tested for compression, flexural and
Crushing value % 26
Abrasion resistance % 29
permeability test after 28 days of curing. It is found that there is
Angularity 8 an increase in compression and flexural strength with addition of
silicafumes and decrease in permeability of the porous concrete

Table 2
Mixture proportions.

Mixture Aggregate size (mm) W/C Cement (kg/m3) Normal Recycled Concrete Fine Silicafume (kg/m3)
aggregate (kg/m3) Aggregate (kg/m3) Aggregate (kg/m3)
G1 12.5–4.75 0.30 247.5 1575 – – –
G2 10–2.36 0.30 247.5 1575 – – –
G20 10–2.36 0.30 247.5 1182 394 – –
G210 10–2.36 0.30 247.5 1110 370 148 –
G220 10–2.36 0.30 247.5 1014 338 270 –
8G210 10–2.36 0.30 247.5 1110 370 148 20
10G210 10–2.36 0.30 247.5 1110 370 148 25
12G210 10–2.36 0.30 247.5 1110 370 148 30
14G210 10–2.36 0.30 247.5 1110 370 148 35
16G210 10–2.36 0.30 247.5 1110 370 148 40

Note: Mixture 8G210 = 8% of Silicafume of G2 gradation with 10% fine aggregate.

Table 3
Gradation results.

Gradation Designation Compressive strength (MPa) Flexural strength (MPa) Permeability (cm/sec)
(12.5–4.75) G1 5.42 1.7 1.93
(10–2.36) G2 6.1 2.3 1.53

Table 4
Combined effect of fine aggregate and RCA.

Sl no Designation Compressive strength (MPa) Flexural strength (MPa) Permeability (cm/sec)


1. G20 3.87 1.42 1.63
2. G210 4.52 2.06 1.4
3. G220 3.16 1.27 0.88

2
M. Chaitanya and G. Ramakrishna Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

Fig. 1. Compressive strength vs silicafumes.

Fig. 2. Comparison of flexure and permeability.

Fig. 3. Relation between compressive strength and permeability.

3
M. Chaitanya and G. Ramakrishna Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

specimens. The increase in strength is attributed to the enhanced  The comparative analysis between compressive strength and
binding properties of the specimens with addition of silicafumes. permeability for different proportion of silicafumes addition
Fig. 1 describes the relation between compressive strength and % revealed a power distribution with an accuracy of R2 = 0.992.
of silicafumes addition.
CRediT authorship contribution statement
3.4. Effect of silicafume on flexure and permeability
Mycherla Chaitanya: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investi-
Flexural strength is also found to increase with addition of sili- gation, Writing - original draft. G. Ramakrishna: Writing - review
cafumes but decreases permeability. As the strength increases, the & editing.
number of voids decreases and permeability decreases. Though the
strength increases beyond 16% addition of silicafumes there is a Declaration of Competing Interest
significant decline in the permeability values which makes the por-
ous concrete impermeable. The comparison of flexural strength The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-
and permeability with varying percentage of silicafumes is shown cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared
in Fig. 2. to influence the work reported in this paper.

3.5. Effect of silicafume on compression and permeability Acknowledgement

A plot was made between the compressive strength and perme- The authors gratefully acknowledge the AICTE for financial sup-
ability as shown in Fig. 3 for varying percentage silicafumes to port vide Research Promotion Scheme (RPS- NDF) research project
observe the distribution and it was found to be a power distribution grant number: 8-17/RIFD/RPS-NDF/Policy-1/2018-19 dated 13th
with R2 = 0.992. The percentage of silicafumes has to be chosen March 2019.
based on the purpose for which the porous concrete is used. As
the percentage of silicafumes increases compressive strength References
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