Ar 1328 Building Utilities O3: Saint Louis College

SAINT LOUIS COLLEGE
City of San Fernando La Union

College of Engineering and Architecture
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
2nd Semester School Year 2020-2021
AR 1328 BUILDING UTILITIES O3

SCHEDULE: 1:30 – 4:00 TTH G-SUITE /322
RESEARCH TOPIC:
RESEARCH THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING
SOUND
SOUND WAVE
ETC.
STUDENT:
PECATOSTE, ARNEL D.
BS. ARCHITECTURE 3A
PROFESSOR
ARCH. VIC A. QUIJANO
Architect UAP
SOUND
➢ can travel through any medium, but it cannot travel through a vacuum.
There is no sound in outer space.
➢ is produced when an object vibrates, creating a pressure wave. This
pressure wave causes particles in the surrounding medium (air, water, or
solid) to have vibrational motion. As the particles vibrate, they move
nearby particles, transmitting the sound further through the medium.
➢ A region of increased pressure on a sound wave is called a compression (or
condensation) while decreased on pressure is called a rarefaction (or
dilation).
The sources of sound
• vibrating solids
• rapid expansion or compression (explosions and
implosions)
• Smooth (laminar) air flow around blunt obstacles
may result in the formation of vortices (the plural
of vortex). This is how a whistle or flute produces
sound.
WAVES
Wave motion transfers energy from one point to another, usually without
permanent displacement of the particles of the medium. A medium is a
substance or material that carries the wave.
➢ A wave can be thought of as a disturbance or oscillation that travels
through space-time, accompanied by a transfer of energy.
➢ The direction a wave propagates is perpendicular to the direction it
oscillates for transverse waves.
➢ A wave does not move mass in the direction of propagation; it transfers
energy.
Transverse Waves:
➢ wave in which the medium moves at right angles to the direction of the
wave.
➢ The high point of a transverse wave is a crest. The low part is a trough.
Examples of transverse waves: Water waves (ripples of gravity waves, not

sound through water), Light waves, S-wave earthquake waves, Stringed
instruments, Torsion wave
Longitudinal Wave:
➢ has the movement of the particles in the medium in the same dimension
as the direction of movement of the wave.
Examples of longitudinal waves: Sound waves, P-type earthquake waves, and
Compression wave
SOUND WAVES
➢ are longitudinal waves that travel through a medium like air or water
➢ a sound wave consists of a repeating pattern of high-pressure and low-
pressure regions moving through a medium, it is sometimes referred to as
a pressure wave.
WAVEFORM
➢ A waveform is just a graph or schematic that helps us understand sound
waves. They measure an air molecule's displacement over time
➢ These waveforms are said to be periodic because the wave they represent
can be repeated to produce a constant tone. The faster the wave repeats,
the higher the pitch of the sound.
Different types of wave:
WAVELENGTH
➢ It is the distance between identical/similar points in the adjacent cycles of
crests of a wave or on two back-to-back waves. It is also measured in
meters.
➢ Wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency. This means the longer
the wavelength, lower the frequency. In the same manner, shorter the
wavelength, higher will be the frequency.
➢ Wavelength of light varies with colours, i.e., it is different for every colour.
Red colour has the longest wavelength while violet has the least.
PHASE
➢ Phase is the same frequency, same cycle, same wavelength, but are 2 or
more wave forms not exactly aligned together.
➢ It involves the relationship between two or more signals that share the
same frequency. The phase involves the relationship between the position
of the amplitude crests and troughs of two waveforms.
AMPLITUDE
➢ It is the height of the wave, usually measured in meters. It is directly
related to the amount of energy carried by a wave.
➢ It is the strength of a wave's effect; the higher the amplitude, the more the
air molecules are displaced. This also translates into loudness for the
human ear.
The amplitude of a wave is measured as:
1. the height from the equilibrium point to the highest point of a crest or
2. the depth from the equilibrium points to the lowest point of a trough
crest
trough
WAVE FRONT
➢ A wave front is defined as a surface over which the phase of the wave is
constant.
➢ In a particular wave front, at a given moment of time, all particles of the
medium are undergoing the same motion.
Two types of wave fronts: plane wave fronts and spherical wave fronts.
FREQUENCY
➢ It is a measurement of how many times/cycles the waveform repeats in a
given amount of time: cycles per second.
➢ Frequency of a wave is the number of waves passing a point in a certain
time. The unit of frequency is hertz (Hz) which is equal to one wave per
second.
➢ The frequency of a sound wave is called it pitch. High frequency sounds
are said to be "high pitched" or just "high"; low frequency sounds are said
to be "low pitched" or just "low".
SOUND VIBRARTIONS
➢ Sound is caused when objects vibrate (move back and forth very quickly).
➢ Vibrations create sound waves that can travel in all different directions
through air, water, and lots of other materials.
➢ When sound waves are spread out, the sound we hear is quiet. When
they are clumped together, the sound is much louder.
➢ When sound waves enter your ear, they hit your eardrum and make it
vibrate. The tiny vibrations move through your ear. The nerves take them
to your brain where they turn into the sound that you hear! Because
sound travels very quickly, this all happens before we even have a
chance to think about it.
➢ When a sound is produced, it causes the air molecules to bump into
their neighboring molecules, who then bump into their neighbors, and so
on. There is a progression of collisions that pass through the air as a
sound wave.
➢ When the vibrations are fast (high frequency), you hear a high note. When
vibrations are slower, you hear a lower note.
➢ The number of vibrations per second is known as the frequency,
measured in Hertz (1 Hz = 1 vibration per second).
It takes 3 different vibrations to hear a sound, since sound is made when things
vibrate (or wiggle):
1. The object that makes the noise vibrates (our bell).
2. The air molecules vibrate as the sound moves through the air.
3. The eardrum vibrates when the sound wave reaches it.
REFRENCES:
https://www.physicscentral.com/experiment/physicsathome/space-
sound.cfm#:~:text=This%20simply%20means%20that%20in,they%20bump%20into%20each%
20other.&text=In%20the%20vacuum%20of%20space,cannot%20travel%20through%20this%20
medium.
https://learning-center.homesciencetools.com/article/learn-about-
sound/#:~:text=When%20sound%20waves%20are%20spread,eardrum%20and%20make%20it
%20vibrate.
https://physics.info/sound/
https://www.fluke.com/en-ph/learn/best-practices/measurement-basics/electricity/what-is-
frequency#:~:text=At%20its%20most%20basic%2C%20frequency,second%2C%20the%20high
er%20the%20frequency.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/waves/
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/u11l1c.cfm#:~:text=Sound%20waves%20traveli
ng%20through%20air,through%20air%20are%20longitudinal%20waves.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/cheminter/chapter/wavelength-and-frequency-
calculations/#:~:text=A%20wave%20cycle%20consists%20of,corresponding%20points%20on%
20adjacent%20waves.
https://blogs.arubanetworks.com/industries/frequency-cycle-wavelength-amplitude-and-phase/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/waves/

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SAINT LOUIS COLLEGE

City of San Fernando La Union

AR 1328 BUILDING UTILITIES O3

The sources of sound

Examples of transverse waves: Water waves (ripples of gravity waves, not

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