C 1 Workbook

1 Scaling the Heights
Exam
Dealing with multiple matchings
A Read the Exam Reminder. How should you select • Remember to read the matching
your answers? questions carefully and underline the key
words in each.
• Then get a general understanding by
reading the article quickly.
B Now complete the Exam Task. • Don't forget to carefully read the article
a second time and select your answers
by reading all related sections, not just
Young Record Breakers one; sometimes similar information may

be included in more than one section!
Let's take a look at four of the world's most impressiue young record breakers.
A Breaking records runs in the Shanghvi family, from Mumbai. C 22-year-old Cario Schmid has
When his brother, Parth, became the youngest scuba diver in the always had a passion for flying.
world, Krish Shanghvi, then aged only six, decided he too wanted By the time he was 18, he was
to break a world record. It seemed appropriate to opt for the a qualified prívate pilot with a
sky instead of the sea, but choosing skydiving proved less than licence to fly small aircraft. He
straightforward. In India the mínimum age for skydiving is 16, worked in a bank during the
so Krish would have had to wait too long to fullil his ambition. week, but spent ali his spare time
Then, after much research, the family discovered that in Slovenia flying. But everything changed
there is no age restriction for skydiving, but unfortunately, Krish when his mother died of cancer.
was too small to lit into the harness he would need to wear to Cario decided to give up his job
make the dive. However, this did not deter them, and when Krish as a bank clerk and dedícate
was only eight years old, he leapt out of a plane at an altitude himself to flying. His ambition
of 3000 metres over Mozzel Bay in South Africa. Attached to was to become the youngest
diving instructor Henk van Wyk, in a tandem skydive, Krish lirst pilot to fly around the world in
experienced an exhilarating 45-second free fa]] at 200 kilometres 80 days, on his own, in a small
per hour before the parachute opened.There is little doubt that aircraft. He set up a company
it was the biggest thrill of his life and now he too can display his and put together a team to
own world record certificate as 'The World's Youngest Skydiver'. organise the trip and raise
funds for his adventure. High-profile sponsors included Swiss
B You won't find 16-year-old Laura Dekker's name in the
Intemational Airlines. Carlo's aim was not only to break the
Guinness Book o/World Records, as it does not want to encourage
world record, but also to raise money for a UNJCEF educational
minors to attempt dangerous feats of endurance. Nevertheless, project for girls in India. He set off in a six-seat Cessna 210 and
she now holds the record for being the youngest round-the- landed back in Switzerland 80 days later, having stopped in 21
world solo sailor. She completed her joumey after a year alone countries and raising a staggering $50,000 for UNJCEF.There
at sea, but she claims her greatest challenge was persuading were many challenges, not least difficult weather conditions
the Dutch authorities to allow her to embark on her joumey in
- the extreme heat of the desert and icy clouds over the Arctic -
the first place. After severa! court cases, she was finally given and the considerable administrative problems involved in flying
the go-ahe:,d on the condition th:,t she got :, bigger bo:,t with
through so many countries. But Cario prevailed and has proved
up-to-date equipment, that she leamt how to cope with lack of himself to be a shining example of courage, detennination and
sleep, how to put out tires and give herself first aid, including consideration for others. He has dedicated his round-the-world
stitching her own wounds, and th:,t she kept up with her school !light to the memory of his mother, who, despite suffering lrom a
work. Having been bom and brought up on a yacht until the age fear of flying, had loved flying with her son.
of five, when she first went to school in the Netherlands, Laura
felt more comfortilble ilt seil th,:m on dry l:1.nd. After her pa.rents' D The Oce:,n Rowing Society has confumed thatTommy
divorce, she lived on a boat with her fa ther, also a keen sailor, T\ppetts has become the youngest male solo ocean rower in the
and has hardly ever lived in a house. During her year alone at world at the age of 22. It tookTommy 82 days to row across the
sea, she faced many challenges, Atlantic Ocean, from La Gomera in the Canary Islands to Port
including storms, dangerous reefs, St Charles in Barbados. To begin with,Tommy had to contend
cockroach infestations, and sharks with rough seas and 10-metre waves.Then the winds dropped,
swimming around her yacht. But she which meant he wasn't getting much help being pushed towards
persevered, arriving on the Caribbean his goal. But he set a steady routine, rowing ten hours a day, and
island of St Maarten to be greeted by arrived safely, having rowed almost 5000 kilometres and raising
friends, family and fans. There were over f:15,000 for the mental health charity, Mind.Tommy wasn't
moments during her joumey when brought up sailing and only took up rowing in his last year at
she wondered what she was doing, but university. Despite suffering badly from seasickness, his endurance
she was never tempted to give up. 'It's and mental strength kept him going, which is why choosing to
a dream, and I wanted to do it,' said support Mind felt so appropriate. �though rowing the Atlantic
Laura. Ocean is physically demanding, it is more of a mental test to keep
going.' said Tommy.
Exam Task
For questions 1 - 4 choose the answer (a, b, cor d) ,•. �·cr yot: .:.
....i!lk fits best according to the text.
1 On Heather's blog you can read about 3 9an temporarily switched off his Facebook account
a the thousands of people who follow her online. a to meet up with friends in real life.
b her secrets for success in life. b so his studies wouldn't suffer.
e people like her with health problems. e so he could spend time reading.
d her normal, everyday activities. d because he didn't like social networking.
2 The majority of people who read Heather's blog 4 Once Dan reactivated his Facebook account he
a enjoy it because of her optimism and courage. a regained all 432 friends he thought he'd lost.
b want people to buy their products. b stopped reading books and revising for exams.
e leave messages telling her she's cowardly. e fell back into his old networking habits.
d want to know what she's been doing. d no longer enjoyed it as much as he used to.
A Circle the correct words.

1 We had no choice/ reaction but to cancel his club membership as he was una ble to keep up with the payments.
2 Before he went abroad, Paul promised to keep in contact/ access by email and texting.
3 You shouldn't divulge username / personal information on the Internet or over the phone.
4 1 don't think the chat show was the appropriate platform for them to air their political contacts/ views.
5 Nadia wasn't sure if it was a realistic/ legitimate website, so she didn't log on.
6 Mark was very upset when he saw that Anna had updated/ identified her status to 'single' after their quarrel.
7 1 won't shop online because someone could steal my identity/ personality when I fill in my details.
8 To download films, just tick/ click on the link below and follow the instructions. lt's really easy.
B Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bold.
1 Although Hannah finds it difficult to accept _________ _ CRITICISE
she's trying not to let it upset her too much.
2 They didn't do a very good job, but in their __________ DEFEND
you have to admit they weren't given much time to do it.
3 After the launch of our latest smartphone, we were expecting a more
positive from the press. REACT
4 The problem with this website is that it isn't _ _ _ _ ____ _ ACCESS
from smartphones.
5 l've asked you to stop _______ _ __ your sister three BOTHER
times now!
6 Daniel only retaliated after extreme __________ PROVOKE
7 Ali this is sure to mean the children won't be EXCITE
able to get to sleep tonight.
8 1 read the most report about identity theft on SHOCK
the Internet last week. lt made me scared to go online!
Future Forms
A Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1 _________ ice cream for dessert or would you rather a cake? (bring)
2 This time next year, Sarah _________ for her final exams. (revise)
3 By the end of July next year, she her exams. (finish)
4 By the end of April, Tony his novel for two years. When is he planning to finish it? (write)
5 1 don't think Paul to see you this time. He just hasn't got enough time. (manage)
6 l've finally made up my mind. 1 for a job abroad. (look)
7 l'm so sorry, there's a mistake on the itinerary I gave you. We _________ to Miami on Thursday,
not on Wednesday. (fly)
8 l'm sure we _________ the film. lt's had such good reviews. (enjoy)
B Complete the texts with these verb forms.

are going to expect will be moving will become will continue
will have peaked will have realised will sound won't be able to follow
Media experts offer their thoughts on the future of social networking

'Sorne peop/e have argued that social networking (1) by the end of the decade, but with over
one billion Facebook users worldwide, it seems quite unlikely, especial/y if China becomes a viable market.'
'I agree that social networking is here to stay, but I think it (2) more prívate, with users opting
for premium and niche networks with a limit on friends to 50 or so. In ten years' time, claiming to have 500 plus
friends on Facebook (3) superficial and out-dated.'
'Only those sites which are compatible with mobile phones (4) _______ to do we/1.As people communicate more
and more via their mobile phones, they (5) faster and more re/iab/e networks. Social networking is here
to stay.'
'Well, I'm not entirely sure. Social networking used to be the realm of the young, but now, as their parents join
sites such as Facebook, many young people are going to be tempted to join other sites where their parents (6)
-------· 1 think increasingly, kids (7) around, finding new sites that suit them as they
go to university and start their careers.'
f
'Two issues wi/1 have a consequence on social networking, one is privacy and the other is addiction. People are
becoming increasingly aware of what these mean in terms of their reputation and mental health and 1 predict that
in ten or twenty years' time, people (8) that it's in the real world they want to be living, not the
virtual one. They'/1 sti/1 be networking, but it won't be the same. They won't be ruled by it anymore.'
C Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences.

1 Am I going to carry your bag for you? lt looks very heavy.
2 By the end of the year, Paul and Anita will marry for six months.
3 Don't worry, 1'11 cook dinner tonight. 1 go to the supermarket on my way home.
ar.
4 Look, it's here on our itinerary: we're going to have arrived on the 9,h of June .
"orse's
5 l'm picking John up at 3pm and then we will have driven to the coast.
6 By September, they are working on the house for over a year.

.vord
7 l've been helping you for weeks, but I don't help you any more!
You're so ungrateful.
8 1 will have sunbathed on the beach this time next week. 1 can't wait!
.vaming
Future in the Past
D Match the first parts of the sentences 1 - 6 to the second parts a - f.
1 Paul decided he would buy a a because they were staying \\,;.....n

A
new smartphone O their aunt and uncle.
2 Lisa realised it was going to be b as soon as he got his pay
a very late nightO cheque.
3 Sarah told her mother she c because of her condition.
would pick her up e d after she' d dropped the kids
4 They saved sorne money when off at school.
they were on holiday O e I saw the black clouds and
5 I knew it was going to snow as realised how cold it had got.
soon as D f because by ten o'clock she had
6 They weren't going to allow only written the introduction.
her to travelO
E Complete the second sentences so that they have a similar meaning
to the first sentences. Use the words in bold.
1 Carl moved to Los Angeles in August. lt's December now. living

By February next year, he in Los Angeles for six months.
2 You mustn't be late. You really need to go now. will
Do you realise you if you don't go now?
3 Oh, dear! At this rate Anne won't have finished tidying up by the time all the guests arrive. still
Anne when the guests start arriving.
4 The plan is to meet up at 6pm and have a meal before going to the cinema. meeting B
We at 6pm for a meal before watching a film.
5 Listen, the minute you finish your homework, we can go to the beach. finished
As , we'II go to the beach.
6 The plan had been to meet up for a pizza, but she carne down with a cold. going
We for a pizza, but she carne down with a cold.
7 They checked their equipment beca use they had to start their journey later that night. starting
They checked their equipment because later that night.
8 Mark realised it was best to apply to medical school after getting his exam results. would
Mark decided once he had got his exam results.
Exam
Preparing to listen
A Read the Exam Reminder. How can you prepare
yourself for the listening task? • Before you listen, read through the exam
sentences carefully and think about the tapie of the
listening task.
B 2.1 Listen and complete the Exam Task. • Try to think of as many possible words which could
fit in each gap.
Exam Task • Remember, no more than three words will be
You will hear someone talking about her views on an missing from each sentence.
aspect of technology. For questions 1 - 8, complete the
sentences with a word or short phrase.
1 The speaker was concerned that digital books would 5 When the speaker received an e-book reader as a
eventually replace _____________ present, she was _____________
2 In addition to the feel and smell of paper immediately.
books, the speaker has always loved their 6 As well as reading in _____________
again, the speaker has begun to read the novels she
3 The speaker states that because people are meant to read whe'1 she was young.
increasingly reading e-books, paper books are 7 The speaker says that __________ __
------------- in popularity. to newer technology is bad for the planet.
4 She thinks the advantages of e-books 8 The speaker now only reads paper books when she is
------------- the disadvantages.
14 2 Like Comment Share e 2.1 Listen again and check your answers.
A Read the writing task below and tick the things you have
to do. • Don't forget that in an essay your
main aim is to present an argument and
Following a class discussion, your teacher has asked you to write a clear rationale to back it up.
an essay giving your views on this tapie.
• Ouestions to ask yourself: Should it
be formal or informal? What functions
The increase in the use of e-book readers is likely to have
will you need to focus on, for example,
a significant impact on the environment. Sorne people say
describe a process, give your opinion,
that it is bound to be beneficia! as fewer paper books will be explain your rationale?
produced. Do you agree that the advent of e-readers is good
• Think also about the grammar and
for the environment? What disadvantages are associated with
vocabulary you will be using.
e-book readers?
----- N •.;, ,.
• Don't forget to organise your essay
into an introduction, main body and
1 start with an introduction D conclusion, making sure each paragraph
begins with a topic sentence.
2 decide if your essay should be formal or conversational D
• Finally, link your ideas with appropriate
3 use only present tenses in your essay D linking words and phrases.
4 talk about the advantages of using e-book readers D
5 discuss the disadvantages of using e-book readers D
6 finish each paragraph with a topic sentence D
7 give your op1nion D
8 include linking words and phrases D
B Read the example essay and complete it with these words.
as a result however nevertheless secondly thirdly though
No-one can doubt that e-books are here to stay. E-book sales have already overtaken sales of
paper books in the USA, and soon the rest of the world will follow. But what impact will this have on
the environment?
Optimists claim that e-books are environmentally friendly. Firstly, no paper is needed and therefore fewer
trees need to be cut down. (1) , as the carbon footprint of a paperback involves paper
production, printing, shipping and the destruction of at least 25% of books, which are never bought,
e-books must be greener. (2) , once you have an e-reader, you can download thousands
of books and read them on one device. (3) , the carbon footprint of an e-book will only
involve the initial purchase of the e-reader and battery charging.
(4) , pessimists only need to identify the mountains of obsolete computers filling
our landfill sites to set alarm bells ringing. How can e-books be more ecological, they argue, when we
consider what will happen as people upgrade, buying smaller and more powerful devices to read their
e-books on? Outdated e-readers will join the heaps of computers and multiply the carbon footprint of an
e-book well beyond that of a conventional paperback.
I am not a pessimist, (5) . We are unlikely to return to the lending library - without
doubt the most environmentally-friendly reading method of ali. (6) ________
as people become more aware, they will find solutions to these problems. We now recycle vast quantities
t
of old computers and hopefully we'II do the same with e-readers.
J_
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C Read and complete the Exam Task. Don't forget to use the
Useful Expressions on page 27 of your Student's Book.
Exam Task
Following a class discussion, your teacher has asked you to write an essay giving your views on
els she
this topic.
Many people believe that e-books will revolutionise the world of publishing as more and more
individuals self-publish, doing away with the need for an editor, publisher, printer or even
a conventional bookshop. Do you think this will have a detrimental effect on the quality of
hen she is books being published? What do you think publishers can do to keep their businesses going?
Write your essay in 220-260 words in an appropriate style .
.,..:) Writing Reference p. 17 6 in Student's Book

Like Comment Share 2 1
V Ol/lÍ\ \? CA 1 (Í\ í'\..\
A Choose the correct answers.
1 Amanda is rather set in her ways. She isn't very -· 11 Don't revea! your _ information online.
a apprehensive a personal
b impetuous b access
e adaptable e identity
d inflexible d user
2 These are so similar, 1 can't_ between them. 12 lt's not a_ email, so don't reply to the message.
a persist a moral
b distinguish b impressive
c resol ve e provoked
d realise d legitimate
3 lf you want to succeed, _ high. 13 I was the victim of_ theft.
a aim a personality
b insist b identity
e discriminate e character
d strive d link
4 He was _ in his criticism, but he was fair. 14 Lucinda has_ her status to 'in a relationship'.
a cunning a remarked
b sentimental b linked
e reckless e updated
d merciless d related
5 Arthur isn't _, despite his achievements. 15 Congratulations! That's such _ news.
a candid a exciting
cautious b shocking
e conceited e ideal
d considerate d critica!
6 We carne_ against many obstacles. 16 Deborah was taken _ by his harsh criticism.
a off a down
b up b up
e through c in
d down d aback
7 They pulled it -, and the concert was a success. 17 Their imprisonment has_ up international outrage.
a off a stirred
b up b rushed
e on e cut
d away d backed
8 We didn't sell the house as the offer fell -· 18 She'd never tell Theo he was boring_ his face.
a away a in
b down b to
e off e by
d through d for
9 l'm exhausted. l've got too much _ my plate. 19 They set_ to build a successful retail business.
a in a off
b at b out
e on e to
d by d up
10 Marina was_ fire for making bad decisions. 20 A little_ told me you passed ali your exams!
a in a canary
b on b owl
e under e cat
d by d bird
..
16 Review 1 Units.1 & 2
f;trtA WlWlVlr
B Choose the correct answers.
1 Oh, no. 1 think 1 _ my wallet at home. 11 Don't worry. Caroline _ you tidy your room.
a leave a will help
b am leaving b would help
e have left e will have helped
d have been leaving d has been helping
age. 2 Is he getting enough s\eep? He_ exhausted! 12 The show_ by the time I turned on the TV.
a seems a had finished
b is seeming b has been finishing
e has seemed e will have finished
d has been seeming d will have been finishing
3 We_ to spend the weekend in París. 1 can't wait! 13 Brian told me he_ me paint the house next week.
a decide a will help
b are deciding b will have helped
e have decided e will be helping
d will be deciding d would help
4 Lynn _ very well recently. 14 By the time the cake_ ready, the boys will be home.
a doesn't feel a is
b isn't feeling b was
e used to feel c will be
d hasn't been feeling d would be
5 _ the mail yet today? J'm waiting for a parcel. 15 _ on holiday in June or July? What do you think?
a Do they deliver a Do we go
b Are they delivering b Would we go
e Have they delivered e Shall we go
d Have they been delivering d Have we gone
6 Until recently, my granny_ for long walks. 16 I can't go out tomorrow. 1 _ ali day for my exams.
a have always been going a will have revised
b had always been going b would be revising
e are always going e will be revising
d would always go d will have been revising
outrage. 7 Our postman_ our mail for years. 17 He will start driving to work once he_ his test.
a has delivered a is passing
b has been delivering b will pass
e is delivering e will have passed
d would deliver d has passed
� tace. 8 She_ me a cup of tea in bed, which was so kind. 18 What are your plans? _ football on Saturday?
a will bring a Will you play
b is bringing b Are you going to play
e brought e Do you play
d was bringing d Have you played
9 The film_ when we got to the cinema. 19 My grandparents _ for 50 years in April!
a already started a are married
b has already started b had been married
e had already started e will have been married
d would already be starting d are going to be married
10 Before becoming an artist, Doris _ in a bank. 20 He had a feeling he_ the race, so he didn't try.
a has worked a wouldn't win
b used to work b won't win
e would work e isn't winning
d has been working d hasn't won
Review 1 Units 1 & 2 1

1
E
C Choose the correct answer.
Bill Gates
The founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, has achieved (1) _ success as a computer programmer, inventor and
entrepreneur. His path to that point, however, was anything but typical. While attending Harvard University in the
1970s, he made a (2) _ move and left university before graduating to start his own company. His parents didn't
like the idea at first, but Gates (3) _ down and worked hard to get their support. He founded Microsoft in 1975,
which after a few short years caused a(n) (4) _ in personal computing. During the time that Gates was at the head
of the company, sorne of his employees regarded him as (5) _ and arrogant. He would sometimes (6) - in on
presentations, expressing his dislike for certain ideas and proposals. He was often described as being (7) _; he did
whatever he liked and was often hard to reach either in or out of the office. But whatever anyone may have thought
of these minor shortcomings, Gates was a (8) _ competitor in the computer software industry who often (9) _ the
competition. In his years as CEO of the company, he laboured hard at (1 O)_ Microsoft's range of software products,
and whenever he (11) _ success in a particular area of computing, Gates guarded the position with all his might.
Since then, he has won international (12) _ as one of the gceatest compute, softwace ;nventocs of ali ,;me.
, e> ffl"!lm�m«:% 1wxo:c a ; �.;,t. t ; ' x�-�:m'/-:-"",.;

•
.Jf
l(I� n,:; ; ' )O!l7:mi, A W44,8 %)l)Qt()t t!$?l q
1 a gruelling b cunning c crushing d staggering

2 a gutsy b virtuous c candid d noble
3 a broke b knuckled c fell d got
4 a evolution b discrimination c generation d revolution
5 a impartial b modest c mediocre d conceited
6 a cut b break c put d come
7 a considerate b candid c noble d impetuous
8 a ruthless b reckless c worthless d selfless
9 a executed b crushed c snatched d pocketed
10 a growing b broadening c lengthening d elongating
11 a achieved b defeated c accomplished d resolved
12 a acceptance b approval c acclaim d applause
D Complete the text by writing one word in each gap.
Failure is the key to success

Someone once said 'Failure is the key to success; each mistake teaches us something'. Sorne people think success
means pulling (1) the impossible, getting (2) in your career at all costs,
and having all your endeavours succeed (3) a hitch. But what if the above saying were true?
That would mean if not a single one of our plans ever fell (4) , we wouldn't be learning a lesson
along the way. As is the case for most, we've all come up (5) problems and bad situations
that happened without (6) . How many times have you gone (7) out on an
assignment, only to see it fail? Or worse, you learn that another person did better than you (8) ________ a
mile, or you carne (9) for a lot of criticism for your own work when you thought you
(1 O) your best. This has happened to all of us on (11) . The trick is
to hang (12) with the same enthusiasm as you had before and you'II eventually get
(13) . Try doing things differently next time and you'II find that you may just
(14) through to new discoveries about your abilities. Then one day soon, you may be blowing
everyone (15) with your tremendous success!
1a Review 1 Units 1 & 2

3 Just far the Health of lt
Exam
Looking for connections
A Read the Exam Reminder. What specific details will • Remember to first read the main text to
help you connect the missing paragraphs with the get an idea of the overall message. Focus on
main text? how the ideas are developed and take note of
grammatical tenses.
• Then reread the sentences just before and just
after each missing paragraph, and underline any
B Now complete the Exam Task.
key words.
• Next, read each missing paragraph carefully and
Living with CFS focus on topic links and grammatical structures
which could connect with the main text. Match
When she was 16, Alexa Gallo was captain of her school the paragraphs.
netball team and a keen swimmer and dancer. She would • Finally, read the main text again and check it
bounce out of bed in the morning and keep going until late makes sense with the added paragraphs.
into the evening. But by the time she was 20, she was virtually
bedridden. Even the effort of walking to her bedroom door lt wasn't only her job that she lost. As time went on, she saw
would leave her utterly exhausted and in tears. ¡1 j 1 less and less of her friends. 'Frankly, 1 think they just got bored
On top of the flu-like symptoms, she began to experience with me. 1 don't blame them. They would come to visit me,
memory loss, very disturbed sleep and dizziness. 'lt was very but I was often too ill to see them or unable to talk to them. 1
upsetting; recalls Alexa. 'I had no idea what was happening to was oblivious.' In the end, most of her friends gave up coming
me, and my doctor couldn't precisely explain it either:j 2 ¡ 1 altogether. 4
¡ ¡ ¡
Alexa was working part-time in a beauty salon at the time. What was the turning point? 'There wasn't a turning point
lnitially, her boss was very sympathetic and told her to take as such; says Alexa. 'There was just a gradual diminishing
as much time as she needed to recover, but that easy-going of the symptoms - but it was extremely gradual, and there
attitude changed when Alexa was still unable to work after a were plenty of setbacks on the way. For example, sometimes
month. One day she got a call to say that they couldn't keep a symptom would disappear for a while only to come back
her job open any longer and they were going to employ worse than before. But, at a certain point I realised there was
someone else. j 3 ¡ 1 light at the end of the tunnel:¡ 5 I j
Exar:n Task
You are going to read an extract from a magazine article about living with a disease called Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
(CFS). Five paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A - F the one which best
fits each gap. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
A No ethnic or racial group is more or less likely to D So what caused this dramatic change? At first, Alexa
contract CFS, but it is more common among women thought she had bad flu. She awoke one day with a
than among men. In fact, between 60 and 85% of severe headache, a sore throat and aching muscles.
reported cases are women. However, there is sorne But whereas a bout of flu would have cleared up after
evidence to suggest that the occurrence of the a few days, especially in such a young, fit person,
disease in men is underreported. The disease is most Alexa's symptoms just seemed to grow in number and
common among 40- to 60-year-olds, with children and worsen.
adolescents less likely to contract it than adults. E Having lost her job and her friends, Alexa hit rock
B 'I wasn't surprised,' says Alexa. 'And to be honest, bottom. 'I honestly wished I was dead. 1 was in
1 was much too ill to care. 1 knew I couldn't work constant pain and there didn't seem to be any way
anyway. Luckily, 1 was still living with my parents at the out. 1 tried psychological therapy, physical therapy
time, so I didn't have to pay rent or other bilis. But 1 and lots of different diets, but nothing seemed to
don't know how I would have coped if I hadn't been make any difference.'
able to rely on my parents.' F Eventually, after various scans and lots of tests, she
'
C Today, Alexa enjoys a normal life and her CFS seems was diagnosed with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS),
a distant memory. She is married and has two healthy a disease that causes severe tiredness and prevents
children. She works out at the gym two or three the sufferer from performing normal, everyday
times a week and goes for long family walks at the activities. The diagnosis took a long time because
weekend. But she is one of the few lucky ones. A the only way to be sure that a person has the disease
vast number of people never fully recover from the is by eliminating ali the other possible diseases that
disease and there is still no known cure. have similar symptoms.
20 3 Just for the Health of lt

A Complete the sentences with the correct fo of the words.
1 Susan had ________ feelings aoo_-:::a<ing the medication her MIX

doctor prescribed because of the unplea.sa--: sice effects.
2 Although he was seriously injured, Dona e -= only just conscious
and seemed to be ________ :o :re :::>a:n. OBLIVION
on 3 lt's just a ________ pain. Luck: '/ ncdwlg is broken. MUSCLE

r te of 4 Poor Grandpa. He's getting more and mo'e ________ every day. FORGET
5 People often don't realise how importam,;: ;.s :o eat food NUTRIENT
just when they're training.
l!''ine any BENEFIT
6 How ________ do you think m·s a·et will be?
7 Jilly lost too much weight on her diet ano 'low she's really ________ BONE
r..rlly and
dures 8 The ________ of the illness invotves taking medicine and lots of bed rest. TREAT
.1atch
B Complete the text with these words.
ck it anorexic dehydrated emotional intravenous monitored
�s. psychological physical recovered retieved undernourished
The diagnosis
1 know it sounds crazy, but I actually felt (1) ________ the day I was
diagnosed with coeliac disease. Finally, there was a reason why I had constant
stomach aches, couldn't keep my food down and kept losing weight. Having
coeliac disease means you're allergic to gluten, a protein found in wheat, so no
more bread or pasta for me. 1 realise now that it had been going on for years.
My doctor had come to the conclusion that my symptoms were
(2) ________ because I was always in such a(n)
(3) ________ state when I saw him. He even prescribed
antidepressants, but I refused to take them . 1 wasn't depressed; 1 was ill.
More months went by, and as I lost more and more weight , my friends and
family began to think I was (4) --------· But I was desperate to
eat and enjoy my food. Then, after having lasagne for dinner one night, 1 had
such a bad reaction that I ended up in hospital, where they put me on a(n)
(5) _______ drip because I was so (6) _______ , And that
was when the tests were finally done and they found out that it wasn't all in my
head. lt was a(n) (7) _______ illness after ali. 1 was kept in hospital
for a few days as I had become seriously (8) ________ - 1 had been
sick for so long, 1 had a serious vitamin and mineral deficiency. Then I had to
be (9) ________ for six months until I regained the weight l'd lost.
exa But l've been on a gluten-free diet ever since and now I feel fantastic. l've
•Tth a completely (1 O) _______
es.
after
t
r and
c:ck
ay
reoy
1 :o
she
! CFS),
ents
use
isease
; :nat
Just for the Health of lt 3 2

C Choose the correct answers.
1 Because it's a very deep wound, it will probably take a few months before it's completely _.
a recovered b healed e fixed
2 Anthony has got such a(n) _ imagination that I sometimes worry he loses track. of reality.
a vivid b mental e alive
3 In order to produce an exact copy, you'II need _ measurements.
a stern b proper e precise
4 Veins, arteries and capillaries are ali blood -·
a lines b vessels e ways
5 Beca use Fiona suffers from low blood _, she often feels dizzy, especially if she gets up too quickly.
a pressure b force e flow
6 There are four main blood _: A, B, AB and O.
a kinds b varieties e types
7 Luckily, nobody was seriously _ in the accident.
B
a injured b darnaged e harming
8 Three soldiers were rnortally _ and died shortly after reaching hospital.
a harmed b wounded e hurt
D The words in bold are in the wrong sentences. Write each word next to the correct sentence.
1 After her accident her legs were in a terrible state , with splitting sores
that took ages to heal.
2 Poor Peter had such a violent running fit that he threw up.
3 Sorne interna\ functions like sneezing are very difficult to control.
4 She's so old now, she has terminal eyesight and very poor hearing.
5 The effect of obesity on people's bodily organs is more dangerous than
its effect on their appearance.
6 He was diagnosed with a failing illness and died within six months.
7 Sorne psychiatrists believe that mental illness is caused by a coughing imbalance
in the brain and that only rnedication can bring on a cure.
8 Laura had such a chemical headache that she had to go to bed in a darkened room.
E Match the first parts of the sentences 1 - 6 to the second parts a - f.

1
2
Karen had food poisoning
1 had to have my appendix taken out because
□□
3 The first time I watched an operation when I was at medica\ school, □□ e
4 1 avoid going to the doctor's because
5 Andrew's immune system is so weak
6 The children carne down with chickenpox
□□
a I always pick up a virus frorn other people in
the waiting room.
b and had to be kept at home until their
spots healed.
e and spent ali night throwing up.
d I don't think he could fight off a cornrnon cold.
e I passed out and banged my head really badly.
f it was very inflamed and I was in agony.
22 3 Just for the Health of lt

Pronouns

1 lt was Jess herself / himself who oecicec � Nas best if she ate more vegetables.
2 Those / Them who don't approve o.: -::t'e decision should write to or email the director.
3 Unfartunately, there's anything / no::r -,s trie doctor can do to help him.
4 My grandparents have given each o:-e' another a lot of happiness over the years.
5 Anyone / AII who'd like to come to :r.e gathering is very welcome.
6 1 think their relationship is quite serious as they've already met one other's / one another's parents.
7 1 don't know if I should buy these :.-iose shoes here or these / those over there.
8 l'm afraid every / ali of these medici'1es are now out of date. You mustn't use them.
B Complete the text with these words.

everyone herself nothing others sorne someone something yourself
Art therapy
After her cancer diagnosis, Celia and her husband were devastated when they
realised this wasn't (1) ________ that was going to go away in a few
weeks or months. But then Celia decided she had to pull (2) ________
together and be positive to give her recovery a chance. So when one of the nurses
at the hospital suggested art therapy, she jumped at the chance. Even though she
had never painted befare, she loved going to the sessions from the start.
'(3) _______ is incredibly supportive. (4) _______ of the
patients were brilliant artists and just carne for the company. (5) ________
like me, had hardly picked up a paintbrush and really appreciated the help they got.
lt's brilliant because you forget (6)_ _ _ _ _ ___ and what is happening to
your body.' And now, two years later, Celia is much better. '(7) ________
is certain, 1 know, but l'm enjoying each day as it comes. Next week, l'm exhibiting
three of my paintings in the town hall and, who knows, (8) ________ may
even buy one!'
Adverbs
C Underline one adverb or adverb phrase in each sentence.

1 My brother never goes to the gym because he's lazy.
2 Alice is going to stay with her aunt and uncle.
3 1'11 hand my homework in tomorrow.
4 Thomas is leaving in three weeks.
5 l've taken sorne painkillers to get rid of my headache.
6 These instructions are incredibly complicated.
D Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences.

1 1 will only go if it is absolute necessary. __________
2 Oh, no! The car alarm has gone off and the baby is widely awake. __________
3 You have to work extremely hardly if you want to get into medical school. __________
4 These shoes are really uncomfartable small. 1 should have got a bigger pair. __________
5 This is a high effective weight loss programme. lt's well worth fallowing. __________
6 Unfartunate, many patients wait more than an hour befare they are seen by the doctor. __________
7 Strange enough, even though it was boring, l'd go to a cricket match again. __________
8 lt's so annoying! She always arrives lately or early. Why can't she just be on time? __________
Just for the Health of lt 3

E Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bold.
1 l'm going to stop reading this book. lt's ________ boring. DESPERATE
2 Henry has been very tired of . We're not sure what's wrong with him. LATE
3 Charles is very ambitious. He has always aimed , no matter what he's doing. HIGH
4 Gran always unwrapped presents so she could reuse the paper. CAREFUL
5 Frank was ________ devastated when he heard the terrible news. UTTER
6 That ring is May's most prized possession. Her mother gave it to her. HIGH
7 Please don't drive so ________ on this road. lt's really dangerous. FAST
8 Paul has been feeling much better . He'II be back at work very soon. LATE
Exam
Dealing with scientific information
A Read the Exam Reminder. How should you • Remember to read through the questions
deal with scientific information? and options carefully befare you listen. You will
have time to do this in the exam.
• Don't worry if the tapies are technical or
B r:r.lJ::i1 Listen and complete the Exam Task. scientific. You are not expected to understand
everything.
• The first time you listen, focus on the stem
Exam Task question and make notes.
You will hear a radio interview about flu pandemics. • Then, the second time you listen, look carefully
For questions 1 - 6, choose the best answer (a, b, e or d) at the options and your notes to help you
which fits best according to what you hear. choose the right option.
1 How does Andrew define what he does for a living?
a He looks for cures for infectious diseases.
4 How many people died from the H1 N1 virus in the •
b He educates people on personal hygiene.
2009 pandemic?
e He studies the origin, spread and prevention of
a fewer than 18,500 •
diseases in populations.
b over 600,000
d He looks for ways to prevent conditions like obesity
and heart disease. e close to 20,000
•
2 Many healthy pigs were killed in 2009 because d in excess of 300,000
a they caused the swine flu pandemic. 5 Most researchers believe that the Spanish flu pandemic
resulted in
b infected pigs had passed the virus on to humans.
a a minimum of 25,000,000 deaths.
e eating pork from pigs with flu could transmit
the disease. b fewer than 25,000,000 deaths.
d it was thought the swine flu pandemic had originated e fewer deaths than those caused by World War l.
from infected pigs. d over 100,000,000 deaths.
3 What do experts know about the origin of the 2009 6 Today, flu epidemics are likely to cause fewer deaths thaíl
flu epidemic? they used to because
a They have no idea where it originated. a there is a cure.
b They know the first diagnosis was in Mexico. b everybody is vaccinated.
e Experts are sure it originated outside Mexico. e people know how to prevent contagian.
d The first boy to be diagnosed lived in Mexico City. d people wash their hands more.
C á.1::'fG Listen again and check your answers.

�-tiovi sltlee-t
A Read the writing task below and decice •• e statements are true or false. Write T for true or F for false.
Write your information sheet.
You work for an adventure travel compc.-,... ·o:.. �.ave been asked
1 You are writing the information
to produce an information sheet giving � advice on a
three-day excursion in the jungle, basec cr ::-ewllowing areas: li for your colleagues.
2 You should write in an informal,
□
• clothes
• equipment
friendly style.
3 You will need to explain what
□
• sleeping arrangements
• health and safety
1
trekkers should bring.
4 You shouldn't mention any of
□
......,,.,.,..,.,,,.,.,....,,,,,.,,,,,...,,.,.,..,,..,.....,,,..,....,,,.,..,,..,,,,,,
_________ ..,....,_..,..,,........,�...--'
B Read the example information sheet and complete it with
the risks involved in jungle trekking. □
these headings.
A great night's sleep Comfortable dothes Health and safety Essential stuff
Jungle tour
--Jere are sorne tips to ensure you have a brilliant and safe jungle adventure.
1) ______________ (3) ___________

º
With daytime temperatures up to 32 C and The jungle is rainy and full of wildlife. Here
'lumidity levels clase to 80%, it will feel very are the essentials to keep you safe and
'l0t and sticky. There will also be plenty of comfortable:
mosquitoes. Follow these guidelines for a
• Make sure your backpack is waterproof.
comfortable trek:
• Bring a top quality mosquito net with you.
• Wear cotton clothing and bring a spare set
• Spray insect repellent at least twice a day.
of clothes and extra socks.
• Never, ever go barefoot in the jungle!
• Wear long trousers and long-sleeved tops
to protect your skin from sunburn and (4) _____________
insects. lt's a good idea to pack a few basics in a
• Wear a hat, walking boots and long socks. first-aid kit:
• plasters for those inevitable blisters

2) ______________
• insect repellent and suncream
You'II be amazed how noisy the jungle is after
dark. lf you think this will keep you awake, Follow these tips and you'II have a fantastic
oring earplugs with you. time!
C Read and complete the Exam Task below. Don't forget to use the Usefu/ Expressions on
page 41 of your Student's Book.
You work for a sports and adventure summer camp. You have
been asked to produce an information sheet giving campers
advice on the following areas:
• Remember that the main aim of an
• available sports and activities
information sheet is to communicate
• clothes and equipment facts clearly and concisely.
• sleeping arrangements • Use headings and bullet points to
• health and safety organise your facts, but make sure you
Write your information sheet in 220-260 words in an have an appropriate introduction and
appropriate style. conclusion.
• Don't forget to use a suitable register:
formal, semi-formal or informal,
depending on your audience.
►:) Writing Reference p. 177 in Student's Book
Just for the Health of lt 3 2

1 This is a traditional play - you would neve. call it groundbreaking / heart-warming.
2 1 saw the most heart-rending / cutting-ecge last night - even my father had a tear in his eye!
3 My producer / agent is always putting my name forward for films and TV shows. l' m never out of work.
4 Diana is an extraordinary film editor/ boor ooerator. When she puts a film together, she makes magic.
5 We have to listen to the director/ prooucer. After ali, without him, there would be no financing for this film. 6
That actress could never learn her acts/lines and always had someone holding them up for her in the studio.
7 l'm a(n) usher / gaffer at the National Theatre, so I can stand at the back and watch ali the plays for free.
8 James's ambition is to put on set/ stage plays. He just loves the theatre.
B Read the Exam Reminder. How can you ñnd the right word?
Exam
C Now complete the Exam Task. Choosing the correct word
• With a multiple-choice text, remember
to first read the complete text for general
For questions 1 - 6, read the passage below. Toen select which
understanding. Then read each sentence with a
answer (a, b, c or d) fills the blank. missing word carefuliy, to make sure you know
what type of word is missing.
Birthday surprise
• Look at the multiple-choice options and check for
I had a fantastic time (1) _ my 21 st birthday last Friday.
Knowing how much I love the theatre, my parents had got coliocations, prepositions or fixed expressions.
• Finaliy, check the sentence with the word you
tickets to a Broadway show, the musical Mamma Mía. 1 was so
have chosen to make sure it makes sense.
_!tural issues excited. But you can't imagine how thrilied I was when we
...e funding, walked into the theatre and there was my best friend, Sophie,
-iarketplace. waiting for us in the foyer. She works (2) _ showbiz and had come ali the way from Paris! But that wasn't even the end
.()(ley either.
of the surprises. When it was time to go in and the (3) _ showed us to our seats, 1 couldn't believe we were in the first
films
(4) _ ! My parents couldn't have got better seats. We had champagne during the (5) _, which was after the first act,
..mtil now,
"ldian cinema. and by the end of the play we were dancing in the aisles. But that wasn't ali! Before going out to dinner, we were aliowed
rubably need backstage to meet sorne of the actors. My uncle, who is a producer (6) _ profession, had arranged it, as he knows the
director. Ali I can say is it was the best night of my life!
1 a Oíl b in c with d at
2 a at b on c in d to
3 a show b lead c role d usher
4 a row b rehearsal c ovation d set
5 a backstage b interval c moment d background
6 a in b on c by d at
.,;.zm;s.
O Choose the correct answers.
1 The director was delighted, as the rehearsal had 5 The band arrived _ the accompaniment of wild
gone _ a hitch. cheering from the crowd.
a in b with c without a to b at c by
2 Paul is an architect_ profession, but he's been 6 She's not the sort of person to put herself forward.
working as a set designer for the last couple of years. She prefers to be_ the background.
a for b by c on a behind b in c for
3 l'm not realiy interested in a career_ showbiz. lt's 7 Susan is prepared to drop everything_ a moment's
too precarious. notice just to hear her favourite band.
a in b on c at a without b by c at
4 Thomas is playing the tyrannical king in his school 8 At the film studio, we were allowed _ the set of
play and when he gets home after a performance, one of the TV shows we often watched at home.
he's so bossy it's as if he's still _ character. a in b at e on
a with b 1n c for
Lights, Camera, Action ! 4 2

E The words in bold are in the wrong sentences. Write each word next to the correct sentence.
1 Even though he's been in a lot of films, 1 think Al Pacino gave his best portrayal ever in
The Godfather ti.
2 Frozen won the Academy Award for Best Lead Feature at the 2014 Oscars. lt's good fun,
and has fantastic songs and I think I probably enjoyed it as much as I enjoyed the cartoons
of my childhood!
3 Daniel Radcliffe played the role in all the Harry Potter films. 1 think he was brilliant.
4 Last year, Emily had a small ovation in the school play. This year, she's one of the leads.
5 lf you decide you'd like to be involved in the play, you have to commit to coming to
performance twice a week until opening night.
6 His rehearsals of Othello in Shakespeare's play was second to none.
7 Osear used to suffer terribly from stage animated, but now he has learnt to relax and
control his breathing, and has much less trouble going on stage.
8 Their performance is so remarkable that they've had a standing fright every night since the
play was first performed.
F Match the first parts of the sentences 1 - 8 to the second parts a - h.

1 We saw a brilliant film last night that really tugged D
2 1 don't want to see another chick flick! Why D
3 Simon has the biggest dressing room D
4 The most important film festivals are probably D
5 The studio always makes sure it releases four or five D
6 1 think The Hobbit is the sort of film D
7 Let's go and see a comedy. 1 can't D
8 Going to the opening night was brilliant. We saw D
a Berlín, Cannes and Ven ice, also known as the big three.
b bear another tale of woe.
e don't we go to the new James Bond film?
d all the stars on the red carpet.
e at the heartstrings. There wasn't a dry eye in
the house.
f children's films in time for the summer holidays.
g because he's the star of the show.

h that appeals to adults as well as children.
Gerunds & lnfinitives
A Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 1 still haven't forgiven the director for Tony the lead in the play. (not give)
2 1 can't afford opera tickets these days. They're too expensive. (buy)
3 ____ _
___ is a wonderful profession, but it's quite precarious. (act)
4 You'd better ________ or you'II miss the beginning of the film. (hurry)
5 Audience members aren't allowed backstage at the theatre. (go)
6 1 remember The Sound of Music when I was a child. 1 loved it! (watch)
7 Don't tell me you forgot ________ the tickets! 1 reminded you at least twice. (bring)
8 When my manager persuaded the director me audition again, 1 got the part. (let)
2s 4 Lights, Camera, Action !

B Find and correct the mistakes in the sen tences.
1 We're really looking forward to see his latest film � ____________ _

2 Do you feel like to watch a film tonight? ______ ______ _
3 Henry enjoys to go to the theatre but not to the cinme _____ _
4 Would you prefer see a romantic comedy on an adventure film? _____ _
5 The director made her to do the scene again and again until she got it right. _
_________
6 Anita is too tired playing her violín for you tonight __________
7 1 can't imagine never be able to go out without oeing recognised. __________ _
8 She was always late for rehearsals and ris'<ed :o lose her part. _ ________ _
1 Oliver persuaded his brother _ him his aoroo computer.

a to lend b lend e lending
2 1 don't think he's going to forgive me !or _ his mobile phone.
a to lose b lose e losing
3 On second thoughts, you might _ this lilm as much as I thought you would.
a not to enjoy b not enjoy e not enjoying
4 Have you been _ yet this winter?
a to ski b ski e skiing
5 lt's no good _ about the weather. There's nothing you can do about it.
a to worry b worry e worrying
6 1 can remember _ all afternoon at the cinema when I was growing up.
a to spend b spending e spend
7 1 can't persuade Daniel _ any more time practising.
a to spend b spend e spending
8 Although Beatrice was prepared � the soundtrack, she actually loved it.
a not to like b not like e not liking
Discourse Markers
D C i rcl e the correct words in th e dialogue.
Lucy
Marina
Hi, Marina. l've just been to the cinema.
Oh, what did you see?
I
LUCY
Marina
Well, 1 thought we were going to see a romantic comedy, but (1) in fact / by the way we saw an action movie.
Really? l'm surprised. 1 seem to remember you're not too keen on that kind of film. I
Lucy
Marina
Lucy
Vlarina
:.ucy
You're right. (2) Apparently / As a matter of fact, 1 hate action movies!
So what happened?
Well, Justin bought the tickets, but (3) evidently / by all means, it was Alex' s fault.
Alex's fault? Why?
Well, (4) after ali / apparently Alex told Justin that Destroyer fil was a chick flick and that I would lave it.
I
V1arina No!
-UCY I know. Well, (5) obviously / still, Alex was joking.
Vlarina But Justin must have told you the title of the film.
_ucy He did but, (6) surely / quite honestly, 1 don't think I was really listening. That's what's so annoying!
Vlarina (7) Anyway / 1 mean, 1 suppose Justin loved it!
-UCY Funnily enough, he didn't, really.
Lights, Camera, Action ! 4 29

E Match the sentences 1 - 6 to the sentences a - f.
1 There's always someone the director blames when a scene goes wrong.
2 There's no point leaving now after waiting in the rain for three hours.
3 We took my niece to the ballet last night.
4 George told off everyone at the audition.
5 1 didn't enjoy the play at ali.
6 lt's an enjoyable film, 1 suppose, but it's nothing special.
a Admittedly, they were ali messing about and deserved it.

b Naturally, as a budding ballerina, she adored every minute.
c Namely me!
d Quite frankly, it was so awful, 1 wish l'd stayed at home.
e In other words, 1 don't think it'II be a major hit.
f After ali, we won't get another chance to see him in the flesh.
A Read the Exam Reminder. What should

Exam
you think about when reading through Dealing with two tasks simultaneously
the two tasks?
• With multiple-matching questions, you need to
complete two tasks simultaneously, so remember to read
both parts of each task carefully before you start to listen.
B 4.1 Listen and complete the Exam Task. • Don't forget that in each part of the task there will be
three options you won't need.
• In the second task, look carefully at the feelings or
attitudes listed and think of words and expressions which
Exam Task people might use for each.
You will hear five people talking about their roles • Remember the speakers won't use the exact same
in film, cinema and 1V. Complete both tasks as words or expressions written down!
you listen.
Task 1 For questions 1 - 5, choose the person Task 2 For questions 6 - 1 O, choose what each
who is speaking from the list A - H. person is expressing from the list A - H.
1 Speaker1 D 6 Speaker1 o
2 Speaker 2 D 7 Speaker 2 o
3 Speaker3 D 8 Speaker 3 o
4 Speaker4 D 9 Speaker4 o
5 Speaker 5 D 10 SpeakerS D
A a special-effects makeup artist A dissatisfaction with a recent job
B a set designer B joy at returning to his/her past career
e a costume designer C amazement at getting a wonderful job
D a theatre director D irritation due to working so long
E a successful 1V actor E delight at his/her fame
F a film actor F annoyance at working with difficult people
G a doorman at a hotel G disappointment at not being recognised
H a sound engineer H acceptance of a current situation
e 4., Listen again and check your answers.

Votlíll?CAllílr�
1 lan fell asleep _ to the noise around him. 11 lt's a_ story about love and friendship.
a unconscious a heart-moving
b ignorant b heart-warming
e oblivious e heart-cheering
d insensible d heart-rending
2 I was given _ instructions to follow. 12 lt's a very long play, but there are two_.
a precise a intervals
b defined b interludes
e vast e breaks
d vivid d pauses
3 The doctor_ antibiotics for my chest infection. 13 Don't sit in the front _. lt's too close to the screen.
a monitored a line
b responded b file
e arranged e row
d prescribed d aisle
4 lt's easy to suffer from _ in this heat. 14 The concert was bad because we hadn't_ enough.
a drying a reviewed
b parching b coached
e dehydration e assembled
d hydration d rehearsed
5 The baby couldn't drink and had to receive fluids -· 15 We were invited _ to meet the actors.
a inwardly a offstage
b intravenously b on stage
e infectiously e backstage
d internally d behind stage
6 There is no_ vaccination yet for malaria. 16 Her best _ was as the nurse in Romeo and Juliet.
a effective a show
b efficient b character
e beneficia! e performance
d functional d appearance
7 Luke is at home today because he's _ a cold. 17 lt was wonderful! The ceremony went _ a hitch.
a come up with a with
b come away with b without
c come down with e in
d come far with d within
8 This purple mark on my arm is just a(n) -· 18 Who was the female _ in Titanic?
a sore a lead
b wound b leader
e bruise e principal
d injury d prime
9 The largest interna! _ is the liver. 19 His film _ of President Lincoln was amazing.
a piece a representation
b structure b interpretation
e part e portrait
d organ d portrayal
10 She's very ill, but we don't think it's -· 20 That actor suffers from terrible_ fright.
a closing a platform
b terminal b theatre
e ending e dramatic
d terminating d stage
32 Review 2 Units 3 & 4

1 Look over there! _ the one I was telling yo� a:xi_;¡_ 11 You really should avoid_ up so late.
a This is a stay
b That's b to stay
e These are e staying
d Those are d have stayed
2 Have you met? Let me introduce you. _ Tanya. 12 Did you know_ was his passion?
a Here is a sail
b There is b to sail
e This is e go sailing
d That is d sailing
3 You sound worried. Is_ OK? 13 Nadia was too scared_ that horror movie.
a anything a watch
b something b to watch
e anybody e watching
d everything d have watched
4 1 loved it! _ novels are as brilliant as this one. 14 They weren't strong enough_.
a Few a to lift it
b Any b lifting it
e Each e lifting
d Either d for lift
5 They admired_ dresses. 15 You'II _ to your destination by bus.
a each other a taken
b each other's b taking
e another's e be taken
d one another d be taking
6 Miriam offered to help_. She's a good friend. 16 l'm afraid I forgot_ milk. 1'11 go out and get sorne now.
a no hesitation a buy
b in hesitation b to buy
e without hesitation e buying
d hesitating d to have bought
7 lt's _ hot today. 17 I can't remember _ your wallet. Sorry!
a uncomfortable a see
b not comfortable b to see
e comfortless e seeing
d uncomfortably d have seen
8 I was so tired I could_ keep my eyes open. 18 She was hoping _ for the lead part in the school
a hard play.
b hardly a choose
e absolute b choosing
d absolutely e to choose
9 You know you haven't worked_ enough. d to be chosen
a hard 19 I can't say I enjoyed it. _, it was my own fault. 1
b hardly didn't make much of an effort.
e high a By the way
d highly b Surely
10 Although they are_ rich, they live in a modest house. e Still
a incredible d Admittedly
b widely 20 You choose the film. _, it's your birthday.
e enormous a As a matter of fact
d enormously b After all
e Obviously
d Naturally

Use of �vic.:,lisvi
Sleep study
A new study shows that a lack of sleep can make vaccines less (1) -· The study was conducted on 125 participants
in which researchers (2) _ their sleep patterns after giving them the vaccine used for (3) _ off hepatitis B. The
(4) _ was administered according to a (5) _ set of procedures. The first and second doses were given one month
apart from each other, and the final one was given after six months. At that point, the participants were tested for
proteins in their bodies that normally (6)_ to the presence of hepatitis B. Surprisingly, there were (7) _ differences
between the two groups: the participants who slept less than 6.5 hours per night on average had a significantly lower
amount of these proteins than people who slept more than 7 hours per night. The group lacking in sleep were more
than 11 times as likely to (8) _ down with hepatitis B. Research has already proven that a lack of sleep can (9) _
people's ability to ward off colds, the (1 O)_ and other types of illnesses. This specific study shows that a lack of
sleep may affect the body's immune system, which naturally helps the body to (11)_ from illnesses. lt seems that
sleep may have its own (12) _ properties.
� J$.&$$#)!1.$!!.S.W(Jk$R::. i...ww ' ' #$t) se www ;§44 wz ;g!)}. *' X ;;
1 a valuable b successful e effective d qualified

2 a practised b prescribed e consulted d monitored
3 a fighting b passing c picking d throwing
4 a function b property e discovery d treatment
5 a contended b wholesome e physical d precise
6 a consult b respond e relieve d sprain
7 a vivid b vast e oblivious d scatty
8 a arrive b get e come d go
9 a harm b wound e injure d heal
10 a disease b flu e sickness d condition
11 a suffer b provide e recover d result
12 a medicinal b medica! e medicated d medicine
D Complete the text with the correct form of the words.
The hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that controls (1) functions such as BODY
hunger, sleep, and body temperature. lt tells us when there is an (2) in our BALANCE
bodies, for instance, it indicates that we're becoming (3) by making us feel HYDRATE
(4) when we don't drink enough water. lt is located in the centre of our brains THIRST
and is about the size of an almond. The hypothalamus works with the body's nervous system and
(5) organs to interpret signals that come from all areas of the body. lt has a way INTERNAL
of telling us when we're (6) that we need to change our diets. The hypothalamus NOURISH
also controls behavioural responses to emotions. lt explains why, for example, an actor who has
stage (7) can't go out on stage, or why when we see sad films that pull on our FRIGHTEN
(8) , we tend to cry. Poor nutrition can cause the hypothalamus to suffer from HEART
(9) and if left unchecked, these problems can lead to changes in weight, fatigue, ORDER
(1 O) , and hair loss. HEAD

E Think of one word only that can be used apo.-opriately in all three sentences.
The play is considered a tragedy, but there's so-e �wnour ________ in for laughs.
l'm sorry I left you waiting at the theatre - , ,......;.s: .a,e gotten the dates ________ up.
l'm not sure if I liked the play or not, so l'n '"la'.i feelings about it.
0
"'9
2 You're promising to buy the tickets, but ________ is cheap - 1 want to see the tickets first.
Although her mother tried to her out of it, Sheila moved to London to act in the theatre.
You're an actor in film and l'm an actor on stage - l'm afraid we don't _ _ _
____ the same language.
3 His brother was working in film, so Jed decioed to follow his and work in film also.
lf you think you can do your job better than me, then by all means - the way!
Jeffrey won't be playing the male ________ in the film; they chose another actor.
4 The play will be shut down until further ________
The director failed to take of the extra set pieces on stage.
lf the star of the play doesn't show, let me know and 1'11 be there at a moment's ________
5 You need to grow up and become serious about your future. Don't ________ the fool.
l'm not sure what we should do tonight - let's just it by ear.
Whether l'm at work or at , 1 try to enjoy myself.
F Complete the second sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the first sentences, using the words
in bold. Use between three and six words.
1 Joseph has been acting since he graduated from drama school.

PROFESSION
Joseph has been _______________ since graduating from drama school.
2 Don't believe her story - not a word of it is true.
ACT
Don't believe what she's telling you - she's _______________
3 Michael continued to talk like a pírate backstage even though his role had finished.
CHARACTER
Even though his role had finished, Michael _______________ backstage.
4 Helen let nothing stand in her way of becoming a film star.
OBSTACLES
Helen _______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ in order to become a film star.
l 5
6
She changed her mind and decided not to attend the play.
HEART
She decided not to attend the play because she ---------------
He wasn't sure the audience at the back could hear, so he yelled loudly.
LUNGS
He shouted so the audience at the back could hear.
7 The two stars of the film hate each other and argue all the time.
THROATS
The two stars of the film don't get on and are _____________ __
8 You may not like what I have to say, but you don't have to yell at me .
BITE
You don't have to _______________ if you don't like what l'm saying.

5 Eat Up!
Understanding the context in multiple texts
• Remember that when answering questions about
multiple extracts or articles, first read the texts and
underline key information in each.
A Read the Exam Reminder. What should you . • Remember to try to focus on the differing opinions,
carefully consider in each text? attitudes and information each text gives.
• Then read the exam questions carefully and identify
the section in each text which mentions similar
B Now complete the Exam Task. information.
• Finally, re-read the relevant section carefully to
identify the correct text.
A FITNESS OR FATNESS
With obesitv rates in most industrialised countries at
record leveÍs and more and more of us leading sedentary
lives, it is hardly surprising that there is so much
obsession in the media about the importance of curbing
our calorie intake and increasing the amount of exercise
we take. The United Kingdom Department of Health
recommends a daily calorie intake for men of just over
2,500 and for women of just below 2,000. However, there While training, athletes require carbohydrates to keep
is a small group of people whose goal is to consume up to their energy levels high and protein to repair and build
twice this number of calories in an attempt to attain peak muscle. They also need essential vitamins and minerals,
physical fitness. These are the professional athletes. which they get from fresh fruit and vegetables. These
Olympic swimmers train long and hard. On top of ten foods also supply them with healthy fats. Keeping
gruelling sessions in the pool every week, they do strength hydrated is equally irnportant. Athletes lose a lot of
training in the gym and undergo physiotherapy. Needless water through sweat.
to say, they bum a lot of calories. During the 2008 Beijing The day before a competition, long-distance runners
Olympics, Michael Phelps allegedly told the American and swimmers do what is known as 'carb-loading'. That
broadcaster NBC that he consumed up to 12,000 calories is to say, they eat lots of carbohydrates that the muscles
a day while training. He has since claimed that this was a will store as energy to be released duri.ng the eve.nt the
myth. However, Olympic athletes certainly need a huge following day. Of course, athletes face the same problem
amount of fue) to be able to train at such intensity. as the rest of us. Tf they eat more calories than they bum,
But it's not just about calories. It's important to fue! they will put on weight. Being an Olympic athlete cannot
up from the right food groups at the right time. be a piece of cake.
B FOOD INTOLERANCE OR FOOD ALLERGV?

We are ali likely at sorne point in our lives to have a they are much more varied and may, in rare cases, be
bad reaction to a certain food. In many cases, it may be life threatening. They include itching in the mouth or
as a result of food poisoning, which is not a reaction throat, swelling of the face, lips and tongue, asthma,
to the food itself, but to contaminants in the food as a and - much more rarely- a sudden drop in blood
result of poor storage, handling or cooking. In far fewer pressure (known as anaphylaxis). People with strong
cases, it may mean that we have a food intolerance or a allergies to food must avoid those foods at aJJ costs.
food allergy. But what is the difference and why is the The foods that most commonly trigger allergic
distinction important? reactions are milk, eggs, nuts and shellfish. The good
A food intolerance is often caused by a difficulty in news is that food allergies affect only about 6% of
digesting a particular substance (such as lactose, a sugar children and 3% of adults. The lower figure in adults is
present in milk). There may be digestive symptoms because sorne of the allergies more common in children,
such as stomach cramps or nausea, but these are usually such as an allergy to milk or to eggs, resolve themselves
triggered only after large amounts of the substance are over time, while allergies to nuts and shellfish tend to
consumed and the symptoms often occur several hours last a lifetime.
after the food has been ea ten. People with an intolerance
to a certain food leam to avoid it but may eat small
amounts without experiencing symptoms.
A food allergy, on the other hand, is an abnormal response
to a food caused by a reaction in the immune system to a
particular protein. While symptoms are usually mild and
may be similar to those produced by a food intolerance,
36 5 Eat Up!
ExamTask
ou are going to read two articles about faod and health. For questions 1 - 4, choose from the articles A and B.
The articles may be chosen more than once.
1 explains that obesity is due to consuming more food than you burn? D
2 explains that the main cause of food poisoning is consuming food which contains harmful bacteria? D
3 describes that befare competing, athletes fill up with carbohydrates as fuel far the body? D
4 describes the serious symptoms which certain elements in food can have on someone? D
Complete the words in the sentences.

1 Daniel isn't feeling well and has lost his a _______.
2 You mustn't have sweet f ____ drinks to quench your thirst.
3 What an amazing meal! lt was a c _______ triumph.
4 What's your favourite c ______? Mine's lndian. 1 just lave
curries.
5 'Go on, have another biscuit.' 'OK, 1 will. l'm f_______ !'
6 Don't eat so much junk food ar you will p ___ on the pounds and
become obese.
7 Make sure you s _____ the casserole really slowly. You mustn't
let it boíl ar you'II ruin it.
8 Lucy decided she needed to s ___ a few pounds befare going on
holiday, so she went on a strict diet.
B For questions 1 - 8, decide if these words are related to how food tastes, to the cooking of food or to
ways of eating. Write T for taste, C for cooking or E for eating next to the words.
munch D 5 sour D
2 poach D 6 bake D
3 gobble D 7 bitter D
4 bland D 8 blanch D
e Circle the correct words.
1 The Queen welcomed the President to the United Kingdom with a
spread / banquet at Buckingham Palace.
2 Can I have a second platter / helping, please? l'm still really hungry.
3 We were ravenous / stunted after fasting far two days, so everything
tasted delicious.
4 Oh, no, look! The bread has gane mouldy / fizzy. There are green bits all
over it. You can't eat it!
5 This cake is absolutely scrumptious / appetising! Can I have the recipe?
6 The drought went on far months, nothing grew in the fields and the
animals famished / starved.
7 Snacks like crisps and roasted nuts are too salty / acidic for young
children. They shouldn't eat them.
8 Can I have a little nibble / sip of your drink? lt looks so delicious.
Eat Up! 5 37
D Choose the correct answers.
1 There's a casserole in the fridge that you can have for dinner. AII you
have to do is _ it up.
a blanch b brew e warm
2 Paul _ up an amazing meal for ten people in a couple of hours. 1 don't
know how he did it!
a beat b whipped e packed
3 'How's your aunt?' 'She's full of _ and very cheerful. lncredible when
you think she's 84!'
a peas b beans e cake
4 What's wrong? You didn't have a first course and now you're just_ at
your main course.
a picking b dining e tucking
5 My mum loves this stuff. She thinks it's the best thing since _ bread!
a chopped b cracked e sliced
6 You know, you will just have to compromise. You can't always have your _ and eat it.
a pie b cake e cream
7 When he was training, Lucas could _ away half a chicken and a pizza in one sitting.
a pack b dine e polish
8 We've got a delicious chicken pie for lunch today. 1 can't wait to_ in.
a dine b tuck e pack
Phrasal Verbs
A Complete the second sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the first sentences, using the wo
in bold.
1 George and Sophie had dinner in a restaurant because they didn't feel like cooking.
OUT
George and Sophie --------------- because they didn't feel like cooking.
2 Poor Lucinda was so hungry she almost fainted, didn't she?
OUT
Poor Lucinda was so hungry she almost ---------------, didn't she?
3 You shouldn't drink your juice so fast as it's very rude.
1 DOWN
You shouldn't as it's very rude.
4 l'm afraid Robert has got the flu and will have to stay in bed.
DOWN
l' m afraid Robert --------------- and will have to stay in bed.
5 We found the house of our dreams, but the sale was cancelled.
THROUGH
We found the house of our dreams , but ---------------
6 l' m sure Dalia will be very successful in her career because she is very ambitious.
AHEAD
l'm sure Dalia because she is very ambitious.
7 Louis hardly touched his dinner as he wasn't hungry.
AT
Louis _ _____________ as he wasn't hungry.
8 lt was a fantastic dinner and we all ate with great enthusiasm.
IN
lt was a fantastic dinner and we all _______________
38 5 Eat Up!
Complete the sentences with the phrasal verbs given and the correct pronoun.
1 1 feel terrible. l've got a chest infection and l've oee:1 uying to __________ ali week. (fight off)
2 You ate ali the sweets and left none for me! \ tr} oio you __________? (polish off)
3 Julie works very quickly and the other chefs can':----------· (keep up with)
4 lt's a wonderful sauce, but you must __________ slowly or it will go lumpy. (warm up)
5 Thomas has got a great recipe for chicken with ginger and garlic.
He ___ _______ when he was experimenting in the kitchen one day. (come up with)
6 Jack is always rude to the customers, but he never gets into trouble. How does
he __________? (get away with)
Ouestion Tags & Reinforcement Tags
Complete the same-way question tags.

1 So, you've passed ali your exams, ________ you? Well done!
2 Let's stay in tonight, ________ we?
3 1 don't suppose you'd lend me your new dress, ________ you?
4 There's nothing to eat in the house, ________ there?
5 She'd like to become a chef, ________ she? That's surprising.
6 So it's my turn to cook, ________ it? 1 thought it was David's.
7 They gobbled up every last bit, __ _____ they? l'm amazed!
8 She could stay with you, she? That's great!
O Circle the correct tag.

1 Mary would much rather eat in, she would/ she wouldn't.
2 1 see. You refuse to eat it, do you/ don't you?
3 That's a fantastic chocolate cake, it is/ that is.
4 Stella should cut down on the amount of salt she puts in her food, she should/ she shouldn't.
5 You'd like an ice-cream, you would/ would you? Let's go and get one now.
6 So you always wash up, do you/ you do? What are those dishes doing there then?
7 These tomatoes aren't ripe, they are/ they aren't.
8 1 think we'd better clear up this mess now, 1 had/ 1 do.
E Tick the correct sentences. Correct the sentences that are wrong.
1 l'm going to stick to a low-carb diet from now on, l'm not.
2 These biscuits are absolutely delicious, they are.
3 Max hasn't got any time to cook at the moment, he has.
4 1 don't suppose I could use your espresso machine, do I?
5 There are lots of onions in the kitchen, are there? 1 can't find them!
6 She's determined to learn how to cook, Helen is.
7 You couldn't help us out just this once, could you?
8 l'm sure I brought the biscuits home with me, 1 had.
Exam
ldentifying distractors
A Read the Exam Reminder. What will the • Remember that with this type of listening task, you will
distractors be like? be given multiple-choice options, but you won't be asked a
specific question.
• The correct option should reflect what a speaker says during
the conversation. The distractors will be carefully worded
B 5.1 Listen and complete the Exam Task. wrong answers that use sorne of the words and ideas from
the conversation.
Exam Task • Distractors may:
You will hear eight short conversations. For - contain correct information, but focus on the wrong perso�
questions 1 - 8, choose the best answer (a, b or - be partially true according to the conversation, but also
c), that is true according to what you hear. contain false information.
- contain information which is the opposite of what is said
1 a There isn't any butter. during the conversation.
b The woman hid the butter so the man
couldn't find it.
e The man couldn't see the butter as it was behind 5 a She knew that tomatoes originated in Mesoamerica.
the cheese. b He knows many foods we eat originated in the
2 a She didn't let him know she was going to be out American continent.
for dinner. e She didn't realise that chocolate carne from
b He didn't look at his text messages. the Americas.
e Her message didn't arrive. 6 a The man has lost weight since he stopped
3 a She is going to train to become a chef at eating takeaways.
her school. b The woman doesn't believe that the man hasn't been
b He thinks she should train before opening on a diet.
a restaurant. e The man has been on a strict diet, avoiding fast food.
e She is going to open a restaurant while training 7 a The man agrees to cook a curry for the woman.
to be a chef. b The woman wants a takeaway as she doesn't want
4 a Henry used to be slim, but he's put on a lot of to cook.
weight recently. e The man doesn't like any sort of fast food.
b Henry is large, but you wouldn't describe him 8 a She believes he doesn't want to eat with the family.
as obese. b He has been eating a lot at work.
e The woman thinks Henry should lose sorne weight. e She doesn't really believe that he will change his ways.
e 5.1 Listen again and check your answers.
A Read the writing task below and answer the questions.
You are a member of the student social committee at an international college. The principal has asked you to write a
proposal recommending a menu for a dinner for those students leaving the college at the end of the year.
Read the extract from the principal's email below. Then, write your proposal.
1 Who is the target reader?

2 What register will you use?
From: principal@college.com
3 How many menus will you discuss?
Sent: 12th June
Subject: Leaver's dinner menu 4 What do you need to recommend?
We need to choose a menu for our Leaver's Dinner next month.

Here are sorne possibilities suggested by our students - could
you please make a recommendation?
;;iil
Chinese theme - e�o-ti,:; Dp-tio>1, YJD-t f,:u,nilit:.r-to
lndian feast - lo-ts of Vtirie-h¡, spit�
; >1 - s ecittl f
American alternative .- popc.tlt.r wi-ltl even¡o>1e D t p
Mediterranean choice .- :��:� � ..,J vti::
-��--M-.J
J
-"
Write your proposal.
40 5 Eat Up!
B Read the example proposal and write your own introduction and conclusion.
Proposal for Leaver's Dinner Menu

lntroduction
Chinese theme
This is an exotic and original option. Sorne of our students have eaten Chinese food, especially takeaways, and would
< enjoy the variety of dishes. However, other students may be reluctant to try it if they've never had it befare.
lndian feast
This is also an ethnic choice, which would be very popular with a great many students. The variety of meat and
vegetarían dishes is appealing. On the other hand, it may be too spicy for sorne of our students.
American alternative
Everyone leves burgers, chips, pizza and hotdogs. Having said that, this is a rather informal choice and not really
appropriate for a Leaver's 0inner. lt probably wouldn't feel special.
Mediterranean choice
You can't go wrong with simple chicken, fish, vegetable and pasta dishes. They are healthy, varied, delicious and
everyone leves them. Moreover, the majority of students are familiar with the food from this region.
Conclusion
C Read and complete the Exam Task below. Don't forget to use
the Usefu/ Expressions on page 67 of your Student's Book.
Understanding the purpose of a

Exam Task proposal
You are a member of the student council at an international college • The main aim of a proposal is to put
that hasn't got a canteen. The principal has asked you to write a forward different options and persuade
proposal recommending whether or not the college should open a the reader to choose the option which
café, a bar or provide more vending machines. you think is best.
Read the extract from the principal's email below. Then, write • Start in your introduction by telling the
your proposal. reader why you are writing the proposal.
• Describe the different options in your
email
main paragraphs and then give your
recommendation in your concluding
From: principal@college.com paragraph - make sure you are
Sent: 19th April convincing!
Subject: College café, bar or vending machines
• Remember to also use a detached
We need to decide whether the college should open a café, a bar tone, formal or semi-formal language,
or simply provide more vending machines in the common room. headings and discourse markers to add
café -. no+ 11ev<r"'l•s ,..JfooJ, So� Jri•kS, so1t1ewncre +o 1t1ee+ clarity and fluency to your writing.
bar -. "f1A• pl,;;u. for s+IAJe•+s +o 1t1ee+i• +11< <V<•i•'ls, 1t11Asi•
Vt•••• •ofooJ, ••+ APl'n>priA+cfor s+IAJc•+s ••Jcr 1�
more vending machines -.fooJ ,;;vAil,;;l?le ..+ Ali ti1t1es, ••+" neAl+11�
opti••· •o no+fooJ or l?everA<jtS
Write your proposal in 180-220 words in an appropriate style.
►:) Writing Reference p. 179 in Student's Book

..
Eat Up! 5 41
D Complete the sentences with down, over or up. Then underline the phrasal verbs.
1 lt's bucketing ________ ! l'm not going out in this awful weather.
2 There was a terrible drought and rivers, lakes and wells dried ________
3 lt had been a wonderful day's sailing, then suddenly, a storm blew ________
4 Do you think it will clear ________ soon? lt's been raining since dawn.
5 The sun beat ________ on my head and I was so glad I had worn my hat after ali.
6 What a relief! The storm has blown ________ and the damage has been minimal.
Modal Verbs
A Complete the sentences with a positive or negative modal verb.
1 Seriously, you ________ go out and buy a new one. l've got two. You can have one of mine.
2 Twenty years ago, many girls in this region ________ read or write.
3 Before computers and video games, kids spend hours reading or playing outside.
4 Does it rain much there at this time of the year? Do you think I pack my waterproof?
5 This is a disaster. Something ________ be done to protect these animals or they will become extinct.
6 l've done everything you asked me to do. ________ I go and meet my friends now?
7 You ________ use your mobile phone in this carriage. lt's not allowed.
8 You never know, it ________ snow, but it is quite unlikely at this time of the year.
B Complete the second sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the first sentences.
Use the words in bold.
1 l'd like permission to leave now please. may
----------------,, please?
2 lt isn't necessary to lock your doors here. lt's very safe. needn't
You----------------· lt's very safe.
3 lt isn't possible for Lucinda to be at home. 1 saw her a moment ago in that café. can't
Lucinda----------------· 1 saw her a moment ago in that café.
4 lt would be a good idea if you took the train, Jeremy. could
You ----------------, Jeremy.
5 l'm eertain that Osear will be late. He always is. bound
Osear----------------· He always is.
6 lt isn't necessary to buy tiekets in advance. There will be plenty on the day. have to
You---------------· There will be plenty on the day.
7 lf you want to be informed, 1 suggest you read this publieation every week. should
You---------------- every week if you want to be informed.
8 1 am sure that your keys are somewhere in the house. must
Your keys ________________ the house.
Periect Modal Verbs
C Complete the sentences with the correct modal perfect form of the verbs in braekets.
1 There isn't any milk! The children ________________ (finish) it this morning at breakfast.
2 l'm not sure, but I think 1 (leave) my gloves on the bus yesterday.
3 Anna was concerned about the kids, but she ________________ (worry) as they were fine.
4 We ________________ (give) you a lift if we'd known you were coming.
5 Seriously, she ________________ (tidy) her room. lt's still a terrible mess.
6 l'm exhausted! lt's my own fault, though. 1 (go) to bed so late last night.
44 6 Living Planet
A Read the writing task below and decide if the statements are true or false. Write T for true or F for false.
1 You should write in a formal,
You have been asked to write a contribution for a
volunteering website, which lists different volunteering
official style.
2 You should be honest about how
□
projects worldwide and encourages young people to give
up sorne of their time to help out on a particular project. much hard work you'II expect.
3 You needn't be specific about
□
Your contribution should:
• describe a particular project run by volunteers in
your country
who should apply to volunteer.
4 You should mention how volunteers
□
• list the tasks you expect volunteers to take on
can enjoy their spare time. □
• describe the kind of person project leaders are
looking for
• show how volunteers will benefit from volunteering.
B Read the example contribution and complete it with these verbs in the correct form.
aírn díspose írnprove ínclude save thríve
Project: Save our Native Birds

We are a volunteer-run conservation project which (1) _____ to stop
the decline in the population of sorne of our best-loved native birds. We are
involved in improving their natural habitat so that these birds can
(2) _____ once more.
The contribution of our volunteers is essential in making the project work.
Tasks could (3) _____ two or more of the following:
• collecting seeds
• (4) of litter
• emptying bins
• filling up bird feeders
• checking nests
We are looking for young people between the ages of 18 and 25 who
are hard-working and committed to (5) _____ our native birds. No
experience is needed, only enthusiasm, a wish to learn and a wish to make
a difference.
lt won't ali be hard work on Project: Save our Native Birds! There will be
plenty of time to go swimming in the crystal clear river and to trek in the
forest. And of course, you will be doing lots of bird-watching. Best of ali,
you will meet and spend time with other like-minded young people and
form friendships that will last a lifetime.
Do join us for an unforgettable two weeks! You will help (6) _____
our world and have a wonderful time doing it.
46 6 Living Planet
Read and complete the Exam Task below. Do t forget to use the Usefu/ Expressions on
page 79 of your Student's Book.
F for false. Exarn Task

ou have been asked to write a contribution fo, a- · -:e�a-jonal
7.agazine about a volunteering project in your ce_.-�. vo,.r
Writing a contribution
::ontribution should:
• When writing a contribution, your
• describe the aims of the volunteering projec: main aim is to inform the reader
• and give your opinion or make a
7 explain what sort of work the project neeos \ o � �:eers to do
recommendation.
• describe the ideal volunteer • lt should start with an introduction,
7 conclude by describing the benefits to bo� voluri�eers and
then the main body of the text and a
conclusion.
the project.
• Remember to use the appropriate
/rite your contribution in 220-260 words in an aopropriate style. register.
• Don't forget to include all of the
information requested in the exam
O Writing Reference p. 180 in Sto�ent's Book question.
1 You won't _ your thirst by drinking more coffee. 11 Plants _ carbon dioxide and emit oxygen.
a rid a attract
b shed b receive
e quench e consume
d fulfill d absorb
2 Don't give him crisps. They're too_ for children. 12 lt rarely pours, but it's often very_ in this area.
a salty a sprinkly
b sour b drizzly
c sweet c torrential
d bitter d dusty
3 Can I use the _ from lunch to make myself a snack? 13 The heat is very_ here in summer.
a scraps a oppressed
b coverings b oppressive
c extracts e depressed
d leftovers d depressive
4 Would you like a second_ of lasagna? 14 The harsh midday sun has_ the emerging seedlings.
a help a parched
b helping b saturated
e cover e scorched
d service d shrunken
5 Stir the coffee well until the sugar is __ 15 Heavy rain caused the deadly__
a softened a landslide
b dissolved b landfall
e melted e landfill
d blanched d landscape
6 Dinner is on the table. Come and tuck __ 16 We are_ on you to bring the food for the picnic.
a out a trusting
b up b confiding
e in e hoping
d off d relying
7 There are no chocolates. Who polished them _? 17 1 hope it clears _in time for our barbecue tonight.
a up a on
b away b over
e out e up
d off d away
8 These genetically _ tomatoes don't have seeds. 18 The authorities are_ to the refugees' plight.
a modified a indifferent
b varied b ignorant
c changed e uncaring
d revised d merciless
9 Eating nothing but junk food can lead to __ 19 Don't let gaming interfere_ your homework.
a famine a in
b underfeeding b on
e malnutrition e from
d starvation d with
1 O You can't have your cake and _ it, too. 20 Why do you insist _leaving now. lt's still early.
a consume a in
b gobble b on
c eat e by
d scoff d against

fAraVV\Vn/Ár
Choose the correct answers.
1 We've decided _ of red meat we eat every week. 11 The car isn't in the drive. Dave_.
a to cut on the quantity down a must take it
b to cut the quantity down on b must have taken it
e to cut down on the quantity e needn't take it
d the quantity to cut down on d has to take it
2 1 spilt my drink and had to -· 12 You really _ late or they'II go without you.
a it clean up a won't be
b clean up it b wouldn't be
e up clean it e could have been
d clean it up d mustn't be
3 We'II _ tomorrow. 13 _ sorne more onions, or have we got enough?
a pick it up a Should I get
b pick up it b Would I get
e up pick it e Would I have got
d it pick up d Needn't I get
4 They _ during their journey. 14 lt's a very good make. lt _ to last a lifetime.
a carne many obstacles up against a should
b carne up many obstacles against b ought
e many obstacles carne up against e must
d carne up against many obstacles d bound
5 So you think it's ali over, _? 15 lt _ work, but let's hope it does.
a are you? a couldn't
b isn't it? b mustn't
e do you? e might not
d you don't? d wouldn't
6 1 don't suppose I could hand it in tomorrow, _? 16 The appointment isn't today. lt _ yesterday.
a could 1 a must be
b couldn't 1 b must have been
e do 1 e would have been
d suppose 1 d should be
7 That's a fantastic book, _. 17 1 can't find my glasses. 1 _ them on the train.
a is that a can't leave
b that is b can't have left
e isn't that e might leave
d that isn't d might have left
8 You wouldn't be able to give me a lift, _? 18 They _ to get in. lt's free.
a you would a don't have to pay
b you wouldn't b mustn't pay
e would you e would have paid
d wouldn't you d could have paid
9 She'II never finish it, _? 19 You _ into your uniform. Nobody else has.
a will she a needed to change
b won't she b can't have changed
e isn't she e needn't have changed
d hasn't she d couldn't have changed
10 He_ the message. He'd be here if he had. 20 He_ there. lt was so much fun!
a can't get a should be
b couldn't get b should have been
e can't have got e must be
d can't be getting d mustn't be

The Mediterranean way

There is more evidence proving the Mediterranean diet to be heart healthy and most likely helpful in (1) _ pounds
and keeping them off. Although Mediterranean (2) _ is not technically low in fat, the type of (3) _ acids it does
contain, such as those that come from nuts and olive oil, is a much healthier form of (4) _ fat than that which exists
in other foods. In a recent study, participants who were overweight and suffering from (5) _ were placed on either
a regular low-fat diet or a Mediterranean diet. The ones on the latter diet fared better than their counterparts in
terms of health risks. The results showed that it is not just a matter of eating low-fat (6) _ of food, but it is the
addition of nuts and olive oil that improves the indicators of good health. The ones who followed the regular low
fat diet also (7) _ the risk of returning to old habits that caused them to (8) _ on the pounds in the first place.
A Mediterranean diet is easier to follow because it is filled with healthy, yet (9) -, foods such as fish, walnuts and
fresh fruit and vegetables. Those who follow the diet are less likely to suffer from (1 O) _ for less healthy foods, thus
making it easier to (11) _ the urge to eat meat and high-fat dairy products. Ultimately, the Mediterranean diet
contains ali the nutrients needed for lifelong health, making it a diet people can (12) _ on for their entire lives.
::;.;gA d MWQ IM $ !J.tt: �O,�,
1 a scraping b shredding e shedding d cracking

2 a feast b cuisine e platter d spread
3 a fattening b fat e fatty d fattened
4 a diet b dieting e dietician d dietary
5 a obesity b disorder e malnutrition d indigestion
6 a toppings b servings e coverings d flavourings
7 a packed b ran e played d quenched
8 a stuff b stack e place d pile
9 a sharp b bitter e bland d appetising
10 a cravings b passions e urges d appetites
11 a whip b resist e polish d feed
12 a live b dine e pick d tuck
Wild and windy

Could you imagine living where winds exceed 240 kilometres per hour? lt wouldn't be easy, (1) _____ ___
it? To do so, you would (2) ________ to travel to Commonwealth Bay, Antarctica, Earth's windiest place.
The bay's winds are created by storms that blow (3) _______ suddenly and push air down the bay's
slopes. Even more unusual are the storm clouds, which often (4) ________ up just as quickly as they form ,
allowing the sun to beat (5) ________ on the region again just minutes after being hidden. Ships are
advised (6) ________ travelling through the bay, and surely any captain that insisted
(7) ________ travelling through it (8) ________ risk crashing, or even vanishing
(9) ________ thin air! In this hostile (1 O) ________ breathtaking area, there are more than a few
signs of (11) --------· Travellers to the region are (12) ________ to see penguins in the snow.
These birds (13) ________ nature thrive in cold weather and remain seemingly unaware
(14) ________ Earth's calmer climates. With winds like those at Commonwealth Bay, however, it's hard to
see how they don't blow away, isn't (15) _______?
&& tz ! ¿:,;:::; &J;gst
so Review 3 Units 5 & 6

E Think of one word only that can be used appropriately in all three sentences.
Marie lightly used her _______ to get her horse moving along.
lf you're completely starving, 1 can _______ something up in a few minutes.
You will need to _______ the cream for a while to get it thick.
2 Mark had to get up at 6am to give the cattle their _______
Michelle enrolled in cooking school to _______ her passion far cooking.
Bacteria _______ off the sun's energy in arder to grow and multiply.
3 See if you can _______ the text quickly and find the main idea.
Thcrc's a bit of dirt floating in thc water, but you should be ablc to _______ it off thc top.
There was a _______ of ice on the dish when I took it out of the fridge.
4 1 told you to keep this a secret - why did you _______ the beans?
There was a tragic oil _______ in the ocean near the coast of Spain.
Sheila was riding her bike dangerously and took a nasty _______
5 This new restaurant isn't the only one of its kind - it's part of a larger ________
Scientists were able to put together the ________ of events that caused the disaster.
Lisa used a lock and ________ to secure her bike to the lamp post.
1 lt must have been raining heavily last night.
BUCKETING
The rain _____________ hours last night.
2 lt could be possible that scientists didn't know oxygen existed back then.
MIGHT
Scientists _____________ that oxygen existed back then.
3 We must stay away from the animals while they're sleeping.
INTERFERE
We _____________ the animals while they're sleeping.
4 lt was completely unnecessary to attend the meeting.
WASTE
lt was _____________ to attend the meeting.
5 Mike couldn't have eaten everything on his plate.
POLISHED
There's no way Mike _____________ the food on his plate.
6 Mary told her not to bother getting upset about the situation.
MILK
Regarding the situation, Mary told her there was _____________
7 1 can't figure out how they stand to be around him.
PUT
1 can't understand how they _____________
8 You have to realise there's a problem that needs to be dealt with.
WAKE
In regards to the problem at hand, you _____________ coffee.
Review 3 Units 5 & 6 s1

O Complete the words in the sentences.
1 On a newspaper's website you can read ali of the headlines on the h___ p___ .
2 1 accidentally deleted the file, but luckily it was still in the r______ b __.
3 1 don't know what we'd do without s_____ e______ like Google and Yahoo for looking things up on the web.
4 lf you d_____ c____ on this icon at the top, it will send you to the right web page.
5 l've just bought a new externa! h___ d____, which has a very big storage capacity.
6 T his I____ p______ is much quicker and the quality is better than my old ink-jet printer.
7 Copy your photos onto your m_____ s____ and you can take them to be developed in town.
8 To add or remove a program from your computer, just go to the c______ p ____ and click on 'Programs' .
E Match the first parts of the sentences 1 - 6 to the second parts a - f.

1 They should have kept calm, but they O
2 Their company is light years ahead O
3 Look, it's not rocket science. O
4 We got our wires crossed and I O
5 Why reinvent the wheel when O
6 This really is cutting edge technology! O
a ended up waiting in the wrong restaurant.
b l've never seen anything like it.
e in terms of technological innovation.
d this system works perfectly?
e Ali you have to do is change the batteries.
f pushed the panic button instead.
Conditionals
A Complete the conditional sentences with the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
1 Sophie wouldn't have got a place at university if she _____________ such good
grades in her exams. (get)
2 You _____________ your exam unless you are prepared to do lots of revision. (pass)
3 Honestly, if I you, 1 would, but l'm broke at the moment. (help)
4 Even if Benjamín Franklin hadn't been one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America,
he _____________ famous today for his many inventions. (still be)
5 lf Joseph hadn't studied chemistry at university, it's unlikely that he _____________
the well-paid job he's now had for ten years. (get)
6 Do you think the world would be a better place if Leo Baekeland _____________
plastic? (never invent)
7 1 can't imagine what my life _____________ like if labour-saving devices like the
vacuum cleaner and the microwave oven hadn't been invented. (be)
8 lf you _____________ vinegar and bicarbonate of soda, it fizzes. (mix)
54 7 Eureka!
lnversion
E Rewrite the sentences using inversion.

1 This book is extremely long and it's very boring.
Not only _______________, but _______________
2 You won't find a more patient teacher anywhere.
Nowhere ________________
3 We were hardly ever allowed to do experiments when we were children.
Rarely ________________ when we were children.
4 1 had to wait until I was 30 before being able to afford a car.
Not until ________________ to afford to buy a car.
5 The minute they got to the beach they ran into the sea.
No sooner ________________ than ________________
6 You're not to lift this by yourself as it's much too heavy.
Under no circumstances ________________ as it's much too heavy.
Exam
Making notes
A Read the Exam Reminder. When should you write notes • Remember to first read the sentences
for each gap? and think about what, and how many,
words could be missing from each gap.
• Then listen carefully and note down any
B 7.1 � Listen and complete the Exam Task. possible information you hear for each
gap.
• The second time you listen, check your
notes and complete the gaps in the
ExamTask sentences.
You will hear a presentation about how technology is changing
• Remember to check your spelling before
the lives of people in Africa. For questions 1 - 8, com plete the
you submit your final answers.
sentences with a word or short phrase.
1 The report is about how ________ have transformed life for ordinary people in Africa.
2 In sorne African countries more than half of ali adults use mobiles when making ________
transactions.
3 Mobile phones are helping to create openness and ________ in elections.
4 Compared to personal computers, mobile phones are and easier to use for students.
5 Nigerians use their phones to send in their votes for shows on television.
6 Refugee databases provide information that can family members.
7 Farmers are able to share information about the ________
8 Unique codes on packaging will enable people to check whether a medicine is ________

A Read the writing task below and answer the questions.
You see the following announcement in a college science magazine.
1 Who will be judging your nomination?
Most influential medical researcher
2 What will you be writing about?
We are planning an issue about the most influential
medica! researchers of ali time. Which person would 3 Do you have to write about researchers in the
you nominate to be included in the issue? Write to us 21 st century?
describing this person's achievements and explaining 4 What sort of language should you use?
why you feel he or she should be included.
B The paragraphs in the example competition entry are in the wrong

order. Put the paragraphs in the correct order, 1 - 4.
Edward Jenner - inventor of the vaccination

___ Edward Jenner is regarded as the inventor of the smallpox vaccine and the father of
immunology. He created the first vaccine in 1776. Today, smallpox has been eradicated from
our planet and we have v accinations f or almost all dangerous diseases.
___ lt is easy to forget that before immunisation, parents didn't expect all their children to
survive into adulthood and were terrified of diseases we are un familiar with now. But today, thanks
to improved living conditions and medica! advances like immunisation and antibiotics, the vast
majority of parents can expect their children to thrive. Scientists like Edward Jenner led the way.
___ Two hundred years ago, if you contracted a disease like smallpox or cholera, you would
be lucky to survive. Today, thanks to immunisation, you are unlikely to be exposed to them,
and if you w ere, you'd be protected against th em Lhanks to the vaccinalions you g otas an
infant. We have Dr Edward Jenner to thank for this.
__ Jenner used experiments to prove his theories about smallpox. He had observed that
people who had had cowpox never got smallpox and so he concluded that th i s was what gave
them immunity. He tested it on his own baby son and other children. He inserted cowpox into
a small cut on their arms. They then gotthe milder cowpox disease, but became immune Lo
the real killer, smallpox. Jenner published his results and called the procedure vaccination from
the Latin word 'vacca', meaning cow. lt was the beginning of immunisation.
C Read and complete the Exam Task below. Don't for get
to use the Useful Expressions on page 93 of your
Student's Book.
Exam Task • In a competition entry, your aim

You see the following announcement in an international newspaper. is to persuade the reader that your
nomination is the best one.
Who has made the greatest technological or scientific discoveries in • Start by giving a general description
the last SO years? Wr'rt.e and tell us who you believe this person is, and follow on by providing a more
what they have achieved and why their contribution is so important. detailed portrayal and assessment
The best entries will be published in the next issue. of the person's achievements. Make
sure you finish with a persuasive
Write your nomination in 220-260 words in an appropriate style. final paragraph.
►:) Writing Reference p 181 in Student's Book
Eureka! 7 s1
8 MoneyMad
Exam
Understanding opinion & attitude
A Read the Exam Reminder. What strategies will • Remember to first read the text quickly to get a
help you understand opinions and attitudes? general understanding.
• Look for sections where the writer expresses an
opinion or attitude, and underline any key words
or expressions.
B Now complete the Exam Task.
• Read the answer options carefully, and in particular
those which ask about opinion or attitude.
The invisible bank • Finally, don't forget to check the sections you
underlined in the text and try to find synonyms for
In the developed world, we are used to the idea that we words in the answer options.
created the model of industrial and economic progress which
other countries must follow. Many of our big ideas about
development rest on the assumption that the West cracked the
formula for economic progress sometime in the 19 th century,
and what we need now is for the dcveloping world to 'catch
up'. Even the language we use encapsulates this idea, in the
division between 'developed' and 'developing'. But new
innovations are challenging the idea that development requires
handing ideas down from developed to developing. In banking
and finance a revolution in mobile money transfer has occurred,
but not in Geneva, London or New York. Instead, it's happened
in Kenya, with m-Pesa.
The scrvice was developed between Safaricom and Vodafone, So how does it work? m-Pesa relies on a network of small
and launched in 2007. And it's notjust something used in cities shop-front retailers, who register to be m-Pesa agents.
or by big commercial interests. After just three years, over 50% Customers come to these retailers and pay them cash in
ofKenya's population had used it- this mcans rural villagers exchange for loading virtual credit onto their phone, known as
haggling over produce, then using their Nokias to make the e-float. E-float can be swapped and transferred between
final deal. It means Masai herdsmen bringing their phones to mobile users with a simple text message and a system of
market along with their cattle, ready to stock up on essentials to codes. The recipient of e-float takes her mobile phone into her
bring back to their homes. nearest retailer when she wants to cash in, and swaps her text
For people who live in isolated areas, the service means no message code back for physical money. There are already
longer having to carry lots of cash to markets or towns, risking more m-Pesa agents in Kenya than there are bank branches.
losing huge arnounts to banditry and theft. For people without Such a system also requircs intermediaries, to get the cash to
permanent addresses or bank accounts, the service means m-Pesa agents, and ensure cash movement keeps up with
they can pay what cash they have to rn-Pesa in exchange for e-float exchanges. In this way, the system has created new
mobile credit, making payrnents and transfers and building up jobs, with sorne intermediaries and retailers earning $1,000 a
savings - becoming participants in an econorny from which month in commission from m-Pesa transactions.
thcy had previously been locked out. For migrants, the servicc Today, there are over 18 million active users across eight
allows thern to send money home to their families and villages countries. The system was employed by the 'Kenyans for
safely and sirnply. Safaricom ·s intemational money transfer Kenya' campaign to raise money for Kenyans suffering
service uses a similar system for internacional immigrants, from the Hom of Africa drought -just one way in which it has
coordinating great webs of remittances and payments across the contributed to independence and innovation in Kenya's
world. For Kenyan businesses, the service means payments for economy.
stock or repairs can happen alrnost instantaneously, wiping out
In response to m-Pesa's success, the model has been imitated
the need to rely on bank clearances and flawed infrastructure
in other countries. A frica 's biggest mobile operator, MTN, has
which had clogged the economy with inefficiencies and delays.
rolled out schemes elsewhere, the most ambitious in Kenya's
neighbour Uganda. Central banks in sorne countries, such
as Brazil, have now created financia! inclusion teams, with a
vision for using similar systems to bring financia! access to the
poor and isolated. The Indian govemment has also shown
determination to achieve this aim, and analysts predict, with its
strong 1T inf astructure and dense population, India too could
be on the road to becoming a cash-light, financially inclusive
economy in the near future.
r
ss 8 Money Mad
e Match the sentences 1 - 6 to the sentences a - f.
1
2
We have inherited a fortune!
For my money, this is the best café in town.
□□ a The food is great and it's reasonable.
b Doesn't he know people are struggling?
3
4
You won't get your money's worth if you buy it.
Stop throwing money at this project.
□□ e But it's different when they're difficult!
d We're in the money, so let's celebrate.
5 Why does he throw his money around?
6 Babysitting is easy money when kids behave.
□□ e You should just cut your losses.
f lt's badly made and overpriced.
D Circle the correct words.

1 There's no way you can live by/ on $100 a week. lt's impossible if you're paying rent.
2 Listen, if we all chip in/ out we'II be able to take Dad out for his birthday. He'd love that, you know.
3 Oh, dear. This is going to set you back/ forwards a few pennies. Do you really think you can afford it?
4 Come on, splash out/ up for once in your life. You know you want to and you can certainly afford it!
5 1 can't believe you expect me to fork in/ out $50 for this t-shirt. 1 don't care how fashionable it is, l'm not buying it.
6 We're so excited! We've put back/ down a deposit for the apartment and we'II be moving in next month.
Relative Clauses
A Complete the text with the best phrase (a - j).
a whose lives have been turned f which will cost no more than $25
b where no borrowing, bartering or sales g who see no need to buy brand-new clothing
e where you can find stuff for free h which are going to cost you $200
d which is the first step who want to trade
e when we realise that getting used stuff who live in your neighbourhood
How to cope in tough times

No one can argue that a recession is a good thing, but
recessions do force us to re-evaluate where, and how,
we spend our money, (1) ___ on the path to a more
environmentally-friendly way of life. Do you really need
a new pair of boots, (2) ---, or could you just fix the
heels on your old ones, (3) ___? Sites (4) ___ are
rapidly turning the Internet from a global yellow pages
into the world's largest swap meet, making our consumer
habits vastly greener and more budget-friendly. People
(5) ___ upside down by the recession are finding new
ways of getting by. Not only can you buy items more
cheaply online, you can also exchange and borrow.
Sites like Neighborrow.com let you post items you'd
like to lend to, or borrow or buy from, people (6) ___
. They've even organised borrowing sites for university
students (7) ___ textbooks. Likewise, handmedowns.
com is aimed at mums_and mums-to-be (8) ___ and
gear for kids that grow out of things fast. lf borrowing in
cyberspace doesn't work for you, contact the founders
of really.reallyfree.org for tips on how to organise a
neighbourhood giveaway, (9) ___ are allowed, just
honest handouts of stuff you no longer find useful.
The world and our landfills are full of top-quality, slightly
used goods. A recession shouldn't be the only time
(10) ___ for free isn't just economical, it's the
greenest thing you can do.
1 bought this bike second-hand from Stephen, _ you met last week at the garage sale.
awhich b whom e -
2 The student _ lent you his textbooks instead of selling them was extremely generous.
a whom b which e who
3 Paula is only one of the many employees _ they've made redundant.
a whose b when e -
4 That's the factory _ they make those cars you like so much.
a where b that e when
5 Andrew and Linda, _ children go to the same school as ours, are moving into the house next door.
a which b whose e that
6 l'm afraid they've devalued our currency, _ makes foreign holidays prohibitively expensive.
a which b when e that
7 lt wasn't until the following year _ they were able to afford to buy a car.
a which b that e where
8 We love going on holiday in May, _ all the hills are covered in wild flowers.
a when b that e -
C Match the first parts of the sentences 1 - 6 to the second parts a - f.
Dennis and Harriet are the couple
2 1989 was the year
□□ a who lent us their cottage for the summer holidays.
b whose mother is organising the garage sale.
3 Skiing is often best in March, □□ e why he didn't want to invest in the business.
4 1 met your friend Adele, d where my father was born.
5 This is the village □□ e when the weather is good and there is plenty of snow.
6 Now you know the reason f in which we started up the business.
Participle Clauses
D Rewrite the sentences using present, past or perfect participle clauses and the verbs given.
1 Before ------------� please make sure you've tidied your room. (go out)
2 half her salary for six months, Nadia decided to splash out on a holiday. (save)
3 both calm and easy going, Terence never loses his temper. (be)
4 a great deal of money, Alice was now able to pay all her debts. (inherit)
5 The goods from the warehouse hadn't arrived. (order)
6 the earthquake, the people now planned to rebuild the city. (survive)
Cleft Sentences
E Complete the cleft sentences with these words.
ali reason thing what when where
1 ________ concerns us is the state of the economy.
2 ________ you have to do is put a little aside at the end of every month.
3 The ________ that really upset me was their lack of honesty.
4 The I was so angry was because they hadn't told me the truth.
5 University is ________ you make your best friends.
6 He says the day he stops enjoying his job is ________ he'II retire.
Money Mad 8 61
A Read the Exam Reminder. How will the question word help you choose the right answer?
B i:rn Listen and complete the Exam Task. E

xam Ttas k
• V .;R � o(.)'
You will hear 14 questions. From the three answer choices given,
choose the one (a, b or c) which best answers the question.
1 a lt's ali gone on bilis, l'm afraid.

b lt's a good idea to save.
Dealing with specific questions
c She spent a fortune on books last month. • Before you listen, remember to read
2 a l've got enough cards. through the answer options and check you
b Actually, 1 haven't got that many! understand them ali.
c I never use credit cards. • Don't forget to listen carefully to each

question, and try to make logical
3 a I can lend you sorne money.
connections between the questions and
b OK, but he'II have to pay us back at the end of the month. the answer options. lf the question word
c You haven't got a job at the moment. is where / why / who / when / how, etc.
then make sure the answer corresponds
4 a Actually, 1 should get one soon.
appropriately, e.g. a place, reason, person,
b She got a pay rise last month. day, date, etc.
c They usually pay salaries on the first of the month.
5 a They're paying 500 euros a month.
b She's asked for a huge loan to help meet her repayments.
c Fortunately, l've paid the loan off with my redundancy money.
6 a l've made a 10% profit this year.
b We've made a healthy profit on this transaction.
c They've made a loss, unfortunately.
7 a Not at ali, so long as I have them by the end of the day.
b Yes, 1 have it in mind too.
c I have a mind to do them tomorrow.
8 a She doesn't have the accounts.
b l'm not sure, but l'd say she'II get them tomorrow or the next day.
c She's expecting to do the accounts by the end of the year.
9 a We hope so, but we won't know for sure until the end of the month.
b Yes, there are sales figures available for the first half of the year.
c That's right, the sales figures were down last month.
1O a lt's easy to buy shares.
b Buying shares in blue chip companies is a sound investment.
c They haven't done particularly well, but they haven't gone down.
11 a lnvesting in high tech companies could be profitable, but also risky.
b This high tech company has given us our best return.
c The highest return is often the riskiest investment.
12 a You have no duty to pay for gifts.
b Ali gifts are duty free.
c No, you don't, unless their value exceeds f40.
13 a Yes, 1 do, which is why l've decided to get out of it.
b Yes, 1 do, which is why l'm going to invest in it.
e No, 1 don't, which is why I won't be investing in it.
14 a Yes , you can get dollars at the bank.
b I think you'II get a better rate if you book your currency online.
c l'm pretty sure you'll get a poor rate of exchange at the airport.
..., -
62 8 Money Mad
V octí\klvtltí\r\,\
1 You'd never guess she has a(n) _ leg. 11 There aren't many 500 euro notes in -·
a pretend a circulation
b artificial b motion
e fake e flow
d reproduction d movement
2 Machines have replaced many _ labourers. 12 Unfortunately, she was paid with _ notes.
a physical a inauthentic
b actual b valueless
e manual e false
d handy d counterfeit
3 Most metals are good _ of heat. 13 He's in a lot of debt. He_ thousands of euros.
a components a owns
b monitors b earns
e conducts e owes
d conductors d clears
4 AII surgical instruments must be_ after use. 14 What's the_ in Poiand? Is it the euro?
a sterilised a coin
b sanitised b currency
e laundered e denomination
d vacuumed d exchange
5 One of the _ of gold is that it doesn't rust. 15 She bought a lot of _ in renewabie energy
a properties companies.
b conditions a commodities
e eiements b shares
d constraints e assets
6 There was a(n) _ in the results, so they tested again. d portions
a disagreement 16 Let's ali_ in and buy something for Jim's birthday.
b distinction a chip
e anomaly b chop
d source e fork
7 1 replaced my inkjet printer with a_ printer. d spiash
a control 17 Have you put_ a deposit on the house you're
b laser buying?
e memory a up
d hard b in
8 We provide cutting_ technoiogy in aiarm systems. e over
a side d down
b edge 18 We didn't make a profit; we made a-·
e angie a fortune
d rim b balance
9 Ali my photos are here, on my_ stick. e loss
a recaii d debt
b recollection 19 1 receive a bank_ every month.
e memory a account
d message b balance
10 Look, it's not _ science. Anyone can learn to do it. e document
a space d statement
b hard 20 There's a _ market in the square on Sunday.
e compiex a fly
d rocket b flea
e stock
d stack

, ____ � 4 Units7&8
Use of \5viqlisltl
C Complete the text by writing one word in each gap.
The invention of the microwave oven

We wouldn't have microwave ovens today but (1) ________ an accidental discovery made by Percy Spencer.
Spencer was an American engineer (2) ________ was working on radar technology in the 1940s. He was
experimenting with microwaves one day, and (3) ________ sooner had he completed the experiment
(4) ________ he realised a chocolate bar in his pocket (5) ________ melted. Supposing he knew the
outcome beforehand, he (6) ________ not have had the chocolate bar in his pocket. (7) ________
discovered the effect, he tried to repeat the process on popcorn, thinking it would pop. As it turns out, he was spot
(8) ________ the experiment was a success. His third attempt was with an egg, (9) ________ ended
up exploding in his face. (1O) ________ the thoughtful engineer that he was, he decided to make a metal box
- the first real 'oven' - to experiment using a controlled environment. Only (11) ________ did he know the
microwaves were heating the food. Spencer decided to get his money's (12) ________ on the invention, and
1945 was the year (13) ________ he took out a patent. The cutting (14) ________ technology was first
used publicly in 1947, when a company splashed (15) ________ on a machine that dispensed hot dogs in New
York City's Grand Ceritral Terminal.
D Complete the text with the correct form of the words in bold.
The wealthiest of the wealthy

Every year, Forbes magazine puts out its famous list of (1) ________. The list provides BILLION
people with an inside look at how much money the world's most (2) ________ people PROSPER
possess. Names such as computer software giant Bill Gates and Mexican businessman Carlos Slim, an
< investor and stock (3) --------, seem to appear at the top of the list year after year. The list TRADE
is important because it is a(n) (4) ________ indicator of global wealth. For example, in 2008, LEAD
when the world was suffering from a devastating (5) ________ crisis, these wealthiest people E C ONOMY
did in fact 'suffer'. In 2009's list, there was a net (6) _______ for a number of people on LOSE
the list, the first time the list had seen such a (7) ________ in five years. Since then, the very GRADE
rich have seen the value of their assets rise again as (8) ________ markets have generally FINANCE
improved. So what does the wealthiest person's bank (9) ________ look like? This man, the STATE
aforementioned Carlos Slim, has assets worth US$73 billion. We don't know what he actually has in
(1 O) --------, but you can be assured it's probably a lot! SAVE

C Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.
1 These are lovely ________ of the original paintings, but I do wish I could afford REPRODUCE
to buy an original.
2 Picasso's first ________ in Paris in 1901 was a critica! failure, which is ironic EXHIBIT
considering how famous and successful he became.
3 The Sistine Chapel ceiling is considered by many to be the ________ CULMINATE
of Michelangelo's life's work.
4 Did you see Meryl Streep in The /ron Lady? 1 think it was her best ________ PERFORM
to date.
5 After rehearsing for so long, the actors were ready for the ________ OPEN
night of their new play.
6 Bob Dylan's second wife, Carolyn Dennis, was one of his long-term
________ singers. BACK
D Circle the correct words.

1 He used to play avant-garde music, but now he's basically a(n) mainstream/ alternative musician.
2 He's a typical musician; never at home, always on road/ tour.
3 We thought we'd see her sculptures in the gallery, but they weren't on display/ parade.
4 Adele's debut/ opening album, 19, was a massive success.
5 She's been under agreement/ contract to the record label XL Recordings since 2006.
6 Who is the lead solo/ vocalist for the band Kasabian? Is it Tom Meighan?
7 l'm reciting a poem at school tomorrow and I have to learn it by chest/ heart.
8 Whose authority/ management were the group under when they became famous?
E Match the first half of the sentences 1 - 8 to the second half a - h.

1 She's the opposite of modest and O
2 lf you make such a song and dance about a little test, O
3 That's not what you said before, so O
4 We're going to have to face O
5 Nobody wanted the old amplifier O
6 He told me my painting was wonderful, which O
7 When the police brought him in, O
8 Elly loves your piano playing and O
a the music sooner or later.
b he just sang like a canary and confessed everything.
c how will you cope with your final exams?
d she has been singing your praises.
e she's always blowing her own trumpet.
f was music to my ears!
g what made you change your tune?

h so I was able to buy it for a song.
10 9 AII That Jazz!

Exam
Finding your own method
• Remember that there are different ways to approach
multiple-choice questions, so try to experiment and find
A Read the Exam Reminder. How can
the best way for you.
you find your best way of approaching
• lf you always read the main text first and then the
multiple-choice questions?
questions, try doing the opposite.

• lf you underline key words or expressions in the main text
B Now complete the Exam Task. first, try focusing on the questions to begin with instead.
• Don't forget that it is important to be methodical and
to organise your time carefully in order to finish all of
the exam paper.
Bikes and buses propel Mexico City �c;»;qqegsn,xrn�.t-m��·$ ¡,
to award in sustainable transport

Bicycles, pedestrian-friendly plazas and walkways, new bus Not all of the changes in Mexico City have received a
lines and parking meters are combining to transform parts of universally warm welcome. The new parking system,
Mexico City from a traffic nightmare to a commuter's paradise. called ecoParq, introduced multispace meters to
The Mexican capital, which was one of the world's most thousands of parking spots on streets where parking had
populated urban areas, has captured this year's Sustainable previously been free - officially free, anyway. In reality,
Transport Award, the lnstitute for Transportation and much on-street parking was controlled by unregulated
Development Policy (ITDP) has announced. valets or attendants known as 'franeleros', who would
As recently as late 2011, Mexico City commuters reported stake out territories and charge drivers small fees to park
enduring the most painful commute among respondents to and receive protection in their spaces. When the city hired
an IBM survey. Based on factors such as roadway traffic, a contractor to take over parking management, starting in �
stress levels and commute times, the city scored worse than the upscale Polanco district, franeleros protested. They
19 other cities, including Beijing, China, and Nairobi, Kenya. reportedly marched through the neighbourhood carrying
Mexico City has seen its roadways swell beyond capacity to signs bearing messages such as, 'The streets are not for
more than four million vehicles, which are owned, increasingly, sale' , and 'A parking meter doesn't take care of your car'.
by a growing middle-class. Mexico City's efforts are part of much larger shifts taking
But the city has also made strides to reorient itself around place internationally. 'Sustainable transport systems go
public spaces and people, rather than cars and driving. 'They hand in hand with low emissions development and livable
really changed quite fundamentally the direction and vision of cities,' remarked Sophie Punte, Executive Director of Clear
the city, and a lot of it was in 2012,' said Walter Hook, Chief Air Asia. 'Mexico City's success has proven that developing
Executive of ITDP, an international non-profit organisation that cities can achieve this, and we expect many Asian cities to
works with cities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and follow suit.'
improve the quality of urban life. The pool of cities moving towards more sustainable
Since 2011, Mexico City has added two new bus corridors transport systems is only growing, said Hook. 'Each year
to its Metrobus system, connecting the narrow streets in we're finding more and more cities that have made fairly
the historie centre to the airport and making it the longest dramatic changes to really retake the city,' Hook said.
bus rapid transit (BRT) system in Latin America. The city 'Cities are looking at their mass transit investments now not
also added nearly 90 stations and 1,200 new bicycles to only as a way of getting people from point A to point B, but
the Ecobici bike-sharing programme. lt began to reform also as a way of revitalising strategic locations and bringing
on-street parking, it improved pavements and it also parts of the city back to life.'
established new walkways.
The day-to-day experience of getting around the city centre
has changed dramatically. 'Two years ago,' Hook said, 'if
you tried to gel across the historical core of Mexico City, you
couldn't take a bus or a taxi or anything that would travel
more than three miles an hour. lt was virtually at a standstill.
Most likely you would ride in an old minibus run by an
unregulated operator, or drive a car. And the narrow streets
of the historie city centre - a UNESCO World Heritage site
- would be crowded with street vendors, trash, and illegally
parked vehicles. Now you'd be on a beautiful street, in an
ultramodern bus - very clean, absolutely safe.'
74
1 O Modern Living
Exam Task
For questions 1 - 6, choose the answer (a, b, e or d) which you think fits best according to the text.
1 At the end of 2011, people in Mexico City 4 Transport in Mexico City used to be dominated by
a were enjoying an improved transport system. a privately-owned vehicles.
b were still parking free of charge in the city centre. b buses and cyclists.
e were more stressed than commuters in sorne e unregulated parking valets known as 'franeleros'.
other cities. d pedestrians and public transport.
d owned more cars than the middle-classes in Beijing 5 Franeleros are unhappy about the new parking
and Nairobi. system because
2 The ITDP a they think parking should be free of charge.
a has given Mexico City a number of awards. b ecoParq is too expensive.
b conducts surveys for IBM. e it can take care of people's cars.
e advises cities on environmentally-friendly practices. d it has destroyed their livelihoods.
d creates public spaces for people. 6 Mexico City's success in improving its transport system
3 lmprovements to the transport system include a is unlikely to be sustainable.
a more bus routes and a new parking system. b proves that people can get from point A to
b free parking and pedestrianised streets. point B easily.
e wider roads and bicycle lanes. e is likely to inspire other cities to do the same.
d new pavements and cleaner streets. d couldn't have been done before now.
d
A Complete the words in the sentences.
1 Paris, London and New York are lively, c ___________ cities with multi-ethnic populations.
2 Emily's injuries mean she's had to lead a much more s ________ life than she used to and has therefore put on a
lot of weight.
3 Paul's f ________ years were spent in the country so it is no wonder that he has decided to leave the city for
village life.
4 Pilots undergo r _______ training before they are allowed to fly commercial planes.
5 l'm reading a book about p _________ life in the 19th century. lt's set in a small town 100 kilometres
from London.
6 1 think this table is a bit p _____ for us. We can't really afford it.
7 He never socialises, preferring to lead a quiet, s _______ life.
8 My life is so h _____ at the moment, 1 haven't got time for any leisure activities at ali.
B Complete the text with these words in the correct form.

balance concern endure excel juggle outdo spoil struggle
Life as a single parent

Few people would choose to bring up their children on their own. However, there are
two million single parents in Britain today - just over a quarter of ali households with
dependent children. But who are these parents (1) ________ to raise their
children alone?
The average single parent is female, close to 40, and divorced. Contrary to what many
would have us believe, over half of the UK's single parents aren't unemployed. They are
(2) _______ work and child rearing. Many are also (3) _______
a life of poverty compared to parents with partners. lt is no wonder, then, that life for
typical single mother, Maria Barton, is a(n) (4) ________ act between work
and childcare. Maria is (5) ________ about her children's welfare and future.
There is little chance of her (6) ________ her children - on the contrary, by the
time they started school, both Josh and Ruby had taken on responsibilities their cousins
had yet to master at college: making their own breakfast, keeping their rooms tidy and
helping out with housework. Maria was determined not to be a statistic - a single mother
living in poverty. She has (7) ________ at her job, has been promoted every
couple of years and has now (8) ________ ali her married friends in terms of
salary and the home she can afford for herself and her children.
Modern Living
;_¿; a.;;; !$1; ;:x ªª z
1O 7
C The words in bold are in the wrong sentences. Write each word next to the correct sentence.
1 The city of Sao Paulo in Brazil is one of the most densely populated sociable
areas in the world.
2 Irritable exercising is almost as harmful as never doing any exercise at ali and
can damage the body.
3 Participation in school sports is a possible factor in leading a more addictive
lifestyle as an adult.
4 Going on such a strict diet has made Sonia particularly obsessive at the moment.
She keeps losing her temper!
5 People who are active to chest infections should not live in places with high
levels of atmospheric pollution.
6 You know coffee is susceptible, don't you? You're bound to get a headache
if you stop drinking it from one day to the next.
7 Befare she became a famous actress, she claims she was a na·1·ve and
metropolitan girl.
8 You're always out and about with your friends. 1 think you're the most
unsophisticated person I know!
o Match the first part of the phrases 1 - 8 with the second part a - h.
1 come up
2 safe and
□□ a
b
without
your chances
3 ruin
4 burn the candle
□□ d
e against
rock bottom
5 do
6 wear
□□ e sound
f the towel
at both ends
7 throw in
8 hit
□□ g
h down
E Complete the sentences with an expression from exercise D in the correct form.
1 Things can't get any worse now that he has
-------------· From now on
the only way is up.
2 They _____________ a set of
problems which seemed quite insurmountable.
3 lt's such a relief to have the children home,
_____________ after
their ordeal.
4 l'm not surprised you're exhausted. That's what
happens if you _____________
5 After such an angry outburst at work, l'm afraid
you've _____________ of
getting a promotion.
6 Working long hours in such awful conditions will
eventually _____________ even
the strongest person.
7 lt's no use. 1 can't do this job - l've tried far long
enough. l'm _____________
8 You'II have to _____________
milk in your tea this morning. There's none in
the fridge.
76 1 O Modern Living
Passive Voice
A Circle the correct words in the text.
Not getting the promotion you deserve?

You !ove your job and you've been doing it to the best of your ability for years. But as time goes by, your job
description remains the same. Why (1) are you overlooking / are you being overlooked?
Why (2) aren't you being promoted / aren't you promoting? You say you keep your head down and get on with
the job. Is that perhaps why (3) you've not chosen / you haven't been chosen? Are you blending in too much "'
and simply (4) not being noticed / not noticing? Employers want to see staff (5) dealing with / being dealt with
work efficiently and without fuss. In order to attain your much-longed-for promotion you need
(6) to see / to be seen to be doing just that. Obviously, you need (7) to be delivered / to deliver your work on
time. You must also ensure it is of the highest quality and that this (8) is recognised / has recognised by your boss
as weli as your colieagues. You don't want to boast, you just want to make sure you
\
(9) are identified / should be identified as an efficient and talented member of the team. You want to be t{
appreciated. But remember Rome (1 O) didn't build / wasn't built in a day, so you'II probably need to be patient.
*' ' ' """"""*" '"""'�-· ™""-' ,!

B Rewrite the sentences using passive constructions.
1 1 don't think they gave the award to the most deserving person.
1 don't think the award ----------------------------
2 People know there aren't any more opportunities far growth this year.
lt ___________________________
3 The factory workers expect redundancies to be made.
Redundancies -----------------------------
4 Somebody has eaten ali the biscuits I got for the meeting.
Ali the biscuits -----------------------------
5 They decided that our groups would be merged.
lt ____________________________
6 They expect the schools to close early.
The _____________________________
Seem & Appear; Passive Causative
C Complete the sentences with the words in brackets in the correct form.
1 Helen _____________ (appear / lose) her glasses. She can't find them anywhere.
2 She's not getting better, you know. In fact, she _____________ (seem / get) worse.
3 They _____________ (appear / leave) the country far good and their house has been sold.
4 Laurence _____________ (seems / be) very relaxed despite having an interview this afternoon.
5 lt's been a slow process, but the traffic (appear / improve) at last.
6 My phone (seem / disappear). Have you seen it anywhere?
O Complete the sentences with these verbs in the correct form.

break clean decorate dye paint remove ruin stick
1 They're having the house ________ a lovely yellow befare their daughter's wedding.
2 We're having our living room ________ by an interior designer.
3 She got her silk dress ________ in the car door and now it's ruined.
4 Nancy has had her hair ________ pink. lt looks fantastic!
5 We had ali our furniture ________ befare the builders carne. lt's ali in storage now.
6 My satnav was stolen when I had my car ________ into last week.
7 Did you get the windows ________ professionally or did you do them yourself?
8 Be careful eating on the sofa; 1 don't want it ________ when you spili your dinner on it.
Modern Living
1O 7
E Complete the second sentences so that they have the same meaning as the � Se�=�-
1 lt appears that there might have been a misunderstanding. l'm sure we can reso .e=-= :=r:,:; ,,.,.,_
There _____________ a misunderstanding. l'm sure the problew
2 lt seems as if they've adapted to their new circumstances very well. They appear to be a ...r:e se::::.ed and happy.
They _____________ to their new circumstances very well. lt appears
_____________ quite settled and happy.
3 lt doesn't seem as if she's listened to a word you said. She doesn't seem to have followeo any of your advice.
She _____________ a word you said. lt doesn't _____________ any of
your advice.
4 lt appears that you didn't really mean it when you offered to help. l'm asking you now and you don't seem very
keen to lend a hand.
You don't _____________ when you offered to help. l'm asking you now and it doesn't
_____________ to lend a hand.
5 lt seems that you have forgotten your promise to lend me the book. 1 see that Monica is reading it now.
You _____________ to lend me the book. Monica seems _____________ now.
6 lt appears that nobody has done the washing up. Every dish in the house seems to have been used.
Nobody _____________ the washing-up. lt _____________
Exam
Focusing on attitude & opinion
A Read the Exam Reminder. What is it • Remember that you need to complete both tasks.
important to focus on when listening?
• There are different ways to approach this task, so try to
find the best way for you: focus on one part first and
then the next part, or do both tasks simultaneously.
B 10:l ·· Listen and complete the Exam Task. • lt's a good idea to answer the easier questions first and
the more challenging ones the second time you listen.
• Don't forget that it's important to focus on the
speakers' attitudes, feelings and opinions, rather than
ExamTask worrying about individual words and expressions.
You will hear five people talking about their
lifestyles. Complete both tasks as you listen.
Task 1 For questions 1 - 5, choose from the list Task 2 For questions 6 - 1 O, choose from the list A - H
A - H the reason which best reflects why each the main advantage of the lifestyle mentioned
person chose his or her current lifestyle. by each speaker.
1 Speaker 1 D 6 Speaker 1 D
5 Speaker 5 D 1 O Speaker 5 D
A wanting a better paid job A good future prospects
B being unemployed B enjoying a high-flying job
e following a family tradition e running his/her own business
D a change in his/her personal life D feeling pride in his/her job
E disillusionment with his/her first job E working for a good employer
F being confident about a career choice F spending more time with family
G knowing when to ask for a promotion G learning on the job
H not having time to enjoy what he/she worked for H living in a larger property
C 10.1 . Listen again and check your answers.
78 1 O Modern Living
V ov(í\kJlAIIÁr�
1 The film was brilliant, quite_ our expectations. 11 _ biologists say whale numbers are decreasing.
a outshining a Sea
b exceeding b Nautical
e overtaking e Marine
d endeavouring d Oceanic
2 Apple was the Beatles' record__ 12 1 would like to live in a_ city like London.
a brand a cosmic
b tape b cosmopolitan
e licence e cosmographic
d label d cosmetic
3 The party_ in dancing to a live band. 13 We are deeply _ about the group's lack of funds.
a terminated a concerning
b concluded b conscious
e culminated e cognitive
d climbed d concerned
4 1 had to learn to _ music when I took up the piano. 14 l'm glad to hear he has_ in his final exams.
a view a surpassed
b interpret b outshone
e read e headed
d recite d excelled
5 1 love his pastel _ of fruit and flowers. 15 They_ great hardship during the war.
a still lifes a struggled
b portraits b juggled
e portrayals e endured
b landscapes d outdid
6 The artist Salvador Dali was_ in his day. 16 Study, or you'II _ your chances of passing.
a contrary a ruin
b controversia! b break
e compliant e demolish
d conceptual d raze
7 Radiohead's _ single , Creep, was released in 1992. 17 Luckily, everyone pulled_ during the crisis.
a opening a apart
b primary b collectively
e debut e together
d introductory d jointly
8 1 don't like_ pop music. 1 prefer indie, jazz and 18 She never stops practising. She's _.
rock. a interacted
a conservative b obsessed
b mundane e obscured
e mainstream d irritable
d average 19 !'ve failed too many times. l'm_ the towel.
9 1 hate the way he blows his own _ ali the time. a hitting on
a horn b burning up
b trumpet e keeping up
e flute d throwing in
d clarinet 20 l'm tired. 1 could _ your nagging.
10 Singing _ harmony is harder than you think. a do without
a 1n b wear down
b on e get by
e for d bounce back
d with
so Review 5 Units 9 & 1 O

f;¡ rtt W\ Wl ar
1 This is smaller; it has_ rooms as the other house . 11 Mark _a new job tomorrow.
a half of a is being interviewed for
b half as many b was interviewing for
e twice the e is going interview for
d twice as many d will be interviewed
2 The _you get there, the more likely it is you 12 1 _a lift to the station so I didn't take the bus.
will get in. a gave
a earlier b am 91v1ng
b earliest e was given
e more early d will be given
d most early 13 She hoped_ a new job soon.
The exams weren't _ we'd expected. a to offer
a hardly as hard as b to be offered
b almost so hard as e be offered
e nearly as hard as d being offered
d a bit hard as 14 lt _ that Tom was involved in the fraud.
4 lt's _film l've ever seen. a alleged
a the most extraordinary b is alleging
b more extraordinary than e has alleged
e most extraordinary d has been alleged
d least extraordinary 15 We're _our decision to oppose the move.
5 They're _ expensive, but much nicer. a asking reconsidering
a pretty much b being asked to reconsider
b too much e being reconsidered
e enough d asking to be reconsidered
d a little more 16 Nobody _yet. We're the first.
6 This job _ for you. lt's not stimulating . a seems to have arrived
a is challenging enough b seems to arrive
b isn't challenging enough e doesn't seem to arrive
e is too challenging d is seeming to have arrived
isn't too challenging 17 They _the fact that he was incompetent.
7 _food to go around? a didn't appear minding
a Was there too b appeared not minding
b Were there too e appeared not to mind
e Wasn't there enough d didn't appear mind
d Weren't there enough 18 Poor Anita _ in the airport.
8 He was delighted as he didn't usually get _. a had stolen her wallet
a so praise b had her wallet stolen
b such praise e was stealing her wallet
e so praising d was being stolen her wallet
d such a praise 19 We _for years.
9 _was his joy, it was plain to see on his face. a have had painted the house
a So b haven't had painted the house
b Fairly e haven't had the house painted
e Most d haven't the house had painted
d Such 20 Sarah would like _ before the party.
10 lt was _a play that we left after the intermission. a the windows cleaning
a such depressing b the windows to clean
b such depressed e have cleaned the windows
e so depressing d to have the windows cleaned
d so depressed
Review 5 Units 9 & 1 O a1

sxsw
The South by Southwest music festival in Austin, Texas, is one of the largest festivals of its kind in the world, with
f
the number of (1) _ in recent years (2) _ 2,000 performers. Commonly written as SXSW, the festival (3) _
in 1987 and took its name from the famous Hitchcock film North by Northwest as a play on words. The festival's
(4) _ was created from the desire of local organisers to feature bands who play outside of (5) _ music, who
instead play alternative music, a genre that matches the musical (6) _ of many Austinites. The festival began with '
a somewhat (7) -, easy-going feel that is characteristic of Austin, but as the festival has drawn more attention
over the years, the pace has become quite busy and (8) -, to the delight of organisers. Also pleased are the
performers, as sorne musicians who played in SXSW soon found themselves under (9) _ with major record l
�-..
(1O)_ after giving talented, (11) _ performances. The festival's success has been a major boon for the city of
Austin, as the event attracts important industry people as well as spectators, ali of whom descend on the city for
ten days, doing much to (12) _ the local economy.
«--- -------- ))@1& ;;;t )

It
1 a commissions b exhibitions e subjects d participants
2 a exceeding b erasing e catering d demanding
3 a covered b debuted e copied d listed
4 a concept b controversy e movement d landscape
5 a background b lead e front d mainstream
6 a feelings b tastes e sights d sounds
7 a reasonable b unsophisticated e sedentary d relaxed
8 a pricey b hectic e provincial d solitary
9 a approval b harmony e contract d display
10 a labels b lyrics e verses d beats
11 a energetic b highbrow e fragile d formative
12 a mushroom b stimulate e boast d endeavour
Napping
We know sleep is an activity we can't do (1) --------, yet we let our hectic lifestyles wear us
(2) ________ until we can't rise from bed in the morning. We know (3) ________
longer we go without sleep, the more likely we are to have an accident, and when that happens, we've
hit rock (4) --------· lt's safe to (5) ________ that too many people have come up
(6) ________ this problem. But there's no need for us to run ourselves into the (7) ________
over a lack of sleep. Now it seems as (8) ________ people are bouncing (9) ________ from
this sleepless torture by taking mid-day naps. Sorne may think it makes them look lazy to the boss, but employers
these days aren't as old-fashioned (1 O) ________ we might expect, and (11) ________ ideas as
napping at work are catching on. lt's been proven (12) ________ researchers that a mio-oay nap increases
productivity, and more employers are (13) ________ their tune about the practice. So if you're lacking
sleep, don't (14) ________ in the towel just yet. Keep your head (15) ________ water and
hopefully the mid-day nap will be the routine at your workplace soon.
a2 Review 5 Units 9 & 1 O

1 There's a new theatre _______ this weekend - we should gol
1 wasn't so pleased with the _______ act at the concert.
lf you want to work at my company, there's a(n) ________ in the sales department.
2 lf you look at this -------, you can see that the company's numbers are down.
Captain, you must _______ a new course soon - there's a storm coming from that direction.
Her single made it to the very top of the dance _______ in the UK last summer.
3 Those kids behave very badly because they are ________ by their parents.
Don't drink that milk - it's _______ and it will make you sick.
Lisa _______ our fun with her constant complaining about work.
4 Sorne farmers leave their work in the _______ for a job in the city.
The soldier was awarded a medal for his bravery on the _______ of battle.
l'm not familiar with this concept, as it's not in my _______ of study.
5 This is your third singing job this week? What a of luck!
The painter used a long brush _______ to create clouds on the canvas.
lf you _______ the back of a cat gently, it will likely make purring noises.
1 What l' d really like to hear is the sound of the last school bell.
EARS
To hear the sound of the last school bell ____________________
2 This studio is lacking in places to sit and paint.
ENOUGH
There ____________________ and paint in the studio.
3 The stage curtains are in need of repairing.
BE
We ____________________ repaired.
4 People didn't attend the concert because it was so long.
AS
The concert was so ____________________ off from attending.
5 The tickets will cost more if you sit at the front.
EXPENSIVE
The closer we sit to the front, ____________________ be.
6 $he asked the staff to put her paintings up at the gallery.
HAVING
She is ____________________ display at the gallery.
7 The event was cancelled due to lack of participants.
FEW
There ____________________ the event was cancelled.
8 People started arguing over the project because it was very confusing.
so
lt ____________________ people started arguing over it.
Review 5 Units 9 & 1 O 83

11 Sports Crazy! Exam
Dealing with different text types
A Read the Exam Reminder. Why is it recommended to • Remember that you will come across various text
read widely outside of class? types in exams, so it's a good idea to read widely
out of class.
• Pay attention to visuals, layout, tilles and headings,
as they may help you identify what type of text it is.
B Now complete the Exam Task. • T hink about the target audience, as knowing who
the text is aimed at will help you with the multiple
choice questions.
1 Sussex Summer Tennis Academy • Don't forget to also look at the style of language
The programme and decide on the purpose of the text.
Wrth 35 hours of tennis per week, Sussex Summer Tennis
Academy (SSTA) offers one of the most intensive tennis
programmes in the world. Our staff, who are all former
professional players and coaches, provide comprehensive, high
level coaching. The low ratio of players to coaches (4 to 1) ensures Thcre are a few issues that you should
that ali players benefrt frorn our professional training methods. think about, when shopping at Hikcright.
Our training programme integrales tennis drills, match-play Cost
situations and physical conditioning (speed, strength and With some outdoor gear, you might
coordination) to provide an all-round experience that will take not need the fanciest or most expensive
you to the next level. piece of kit out there. However, we're
After the daily training sessions, players can relax in our spa or talking about your feet here, and saving
swimming pool or participate in various leisure activities inside money is not as importan! as keeping
and outside the academy. your feet comfortable. So, our advice
The location is not to look al the price when you're
trying on our boots.
Located near Brighton and Hove, Sussex, in the south of
England, SSTA enjoys a wonderful location and climate. But Comfort
on those few days when the weather lets us down, we have Find the pair of boots that fit your fcct best and that do the
a large number of indoor courts that allows the training to job you want them to do. Listen to your feet. They will tell you
continue uninterrupted. if thcy are not 100% comfortable. Here at Hikeright, we are so
The Sussex coast also benefits from a conccrned about your feet that we allow you to take our boots
beautiful natural landscape, including many away for up to a month to tr y them out at home. lf you're not
miles of sand or pebble beaches, as well happy, simply bring them back within one month ( in clean,
as being in the proximity of the thriving saleable condilion!) for an exchange or a full refund.
cosmopolitan city of Brighton and Hove. Toe right footwear for the job
TheAcademy There is no such thing as the perfect hiking boot. For light
SSTA facilities include: walking in the summer over easy ter rain, you'II only need a
• 20 tennis courts (12 outdoor and 8 indoor) pair of sandals or trail shoes. However, if you're going to be
• Fitness room going off-trail on long hikes over rough terrain, then you'IJ
• Swimming pool need a pair of heavy off-trail bools. Our specially lrained staff
• Spa will be happy lo advise you on the righl footwear for the job.
3 Motivating Children to do Sports

Encouraging children to particípate in sports helps • You don't have to do the sport that your
them develop a healthy lifestyle. However, it's easy child chooses, but do try to enjoy what your
to cross the line between encouraging children and child does. lf you show interest and give
pushing them beyond their own abilities, so here are support, your child will grow in confidence
sorne simple rules to help you get the balance right. and will be more likely to improve.
• The biggest motivation far kids is having fun, so • Children often need help setting goals.
encourage your child to take part in any sport that he Therefore, encourage your chíld to set
or she enjoys. realistic and attainable goals and to measure
• Focus on participation rather than on wínníng. lf his or her progress.
you expect your child to win every time, you will • When your child loses at a competitive sport,
only create anxiety and lessen their enjoyment. don'! blame the referee, the weather or the
• Allow your child to make mistakes. Making mistakes equipment. However, do try to focus on the
is part of learning, and if you are too critica! you will positives in your child's performance.
pul your child off.
84 11 Sports Crazy!
Exam,,Task,
For questions 1 - 6, choose the answer (a, b, e or d) which you think fits best according to the text.
1 The purpose of the first text is to 4 When buying boots, your main aim should be
a persuade people to take up tennis. a to find the most comfortable pair.
b promote a place where tennis is taught. b to find the right boots at the right price.
e convince people to go to Sussex on holiday. e to consider when you'II be wearing the boots.
d encourage people to use certain facilities. d to find the perfect all-round boots.
2 What is provided on the tennis course? 5 The third text is aimed
a an opportunity to play against professionals a primarily at parents and carers.
b an option to play tennis, swim, or relax in the spa b at children taking up a sport.
e the chance to greatly improve your playing ability e at sports teachers.
d a holiday at the seaside including tennis coaching d at coaches and referees.
3 You should buy your boots at Hikeright because 6 When motivating children, you should focus on
a they have good boots at cheap prices. a pointing out other people's mistakes.
b boots worn outdoors can be returned. b setting goals and achieving them.
e they encourage hiking in them for a month. e enjoyment, participation and positive feedback.
d they make sure you end up with the best boots. d winning and increasing confidence.
A Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bold.
1 His fear of being injured again was a real ________ to getting back HINDER
into the game.
2 His excellent ________ of the Tour de France doping scandal earned COVER
him a prestigious award in sports journalism.
3 Nadia Comaneci's ________ performances at the 197 6 Olympics earned DAZZLE
her the first ever perfect score of 1O in women's gymnastics.
4 ________ interviews was the most satisfying part of his job. CONDUCT
5 Michael Phelps is the world-record _______ for the 100 and 200-metre HOLD
butterfly and the 400-metre individual medley in swimming.
6 Few players have shown more ________ to the game of tennis than DEDICATE
Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic.
B Circle the correct words.
Cheats never prosper

1 was lucky enough to get a ticket for an under-21 lnternational Athletics
l
Competition, held recently at the National Sports Centre. lt was a very exciting
day and there was a great atmosphere. The crowd (1) cheered / encouraged
during each event and, even when one of the athletes was injured and had to
be helped from the track, there was respectful (2) applause / praise.
However, there was one unfortunate incident that rather spoiled things
for me. lt occurred during the 4 x 400 metre (3) passing / relay race. At
the start of the final (4) circle / lap, as a runner was trying to pass the
(5) baton / club to his team mate, one of the runners on a different team
deliberately (6) interfered / obstructed the handover, effectively putting that
team out of the race.
At first, 1 wasn't sure that any of the officials had seen what happened, but
after a short delay I read on the scoreboard that the team who had cheated
had been (7) disabled / disqualified. The incident was reported in one of the
national newspapers where I read that the athlete who had cheated could
face a lifetime (8) ban / refusal from athletics competitions.
Sports Crazy!
fil22 &?i.it�C
11 a
C Complete the sentences with these prepositions.
back for off on up (x2) out (x2)
1 Although she got _____ to a good start, she lost the race as she couldn't keep up the pace.
2 Beatrice couldn't believe that everything she'd worked so hard _____ was now gone.
3 They're too far ahead now. You won't be able to catch _____ unless you run very fast.
4 She was in second place for most of the race, but then dropped _____ to fourth and finished there.
5 Unfortunately, Nadal had a serious injury and was forced to pull _____ of various competitions.
6 The reason you're stiff now is that you didn't warm _____ befare going on such a long run.
7 After he was knocked _____ in the first round, Eric never boxed again.
8 Even though Harriet knew her team would lose, she inspired them to fight _____ until the bitter end.
D Choose the correct answers.

1 As long as l've got Mrs Jenkins _, 1 know I can succeed.
a in my comer b in my house e in my spot
2 She's _ thanks to the amount of exercise she does every day.
a improved b in great shape e in good figure
3 Alex got off to_ this year at school. Let's hope he keeps it up.
a a great beginning b an advantage e a good start
4 Annie's efforts to cut her spending fell _ when her car broke down and she had to have it fixed.
a at the first hurdle b at the first gate e on the first bend
5 Nadia's training carne to_ when she broke her arm.
a a sudden arrest b a sudden halt e a short halt
6 Tracy hit_ when she said the problem was a lack of fitness.
a the nail on the head b the bull's-eye e the sheep's-eye
7 We've made them an offer for the furniture. Now the ball's_. We'II just have to wait and see if they decide to accept.
a on their side b in their court e on their turf
8 Despite being first_ with their new high-performance sportswear, they were unable to make a profit from it.
a in line b out of the house c out of the gate
Reported Speech
A Match the quotes (1 - 6) and the reported sentences (a - f).

1 'l'm so sorry I missed the shot.' D
2 'I didn't miss the shot!' D
3 'Well done for not missing the shot.' D
4 'OK, you're right! 1 did miss the shot.' D
5 'No! No! No! 1 didn't miss the shot!' D
6 'lt wasn't me who missed the shot. lt was him.' O
a She congratulated him on not missing the shot.
b He insisted that he hadn't missed the shot.
e He apologised for missing the shot.
d He accused him of missing the shot.
e He admitted missing the shot.
f He denied missing the shot.
86
11 Sports Crazy!
B Complete the quotes.
1 Our teacher told us not to forget to bring our trainers the following day.
'Don't __________________________
2 The coach said we'd train for an hour every day until we were fit enough.
'You -------------------------- fit enough.'
3 She asked the coach if she could join the basketball team the following term.
'Can __________________________?'
4 They asked their trainer if they should put away the equipment then.
'Shall ________________________?'
5 She told her fellow swimmers she'd meet them at the pool at eight o'clock that night.
,, _____________________
6 Mr Smith asked them to bring him their health certificates.
'Please __________________________ health certificates.'
Reporting Verbs
C Complete the sentences using these reporting verbs in the correct form.
advise apologise complain decide encourage offer warn promise
1 Anne: Don't worry, 1'11 help you put up the nets befare the others arrive.
Anne ------------------- the nets befare the others arrived.
2 Bill: 1 think you should warm up befare you start playing.
Bill ___ ______________ playing.
3 Lisa: OK, 1 won't get the green sweatshirt, 1'11 buy the red one.
Lisa ___________________ but to buy the red one.
pt. 4 Fred: 1'11 be here at 10.30 on the dot. You have my word.
Fred ___________________ on the dot.
5 Paula: Stella always arrives too late to help set up the equipment. lt's really annoying.
Paula ___________________ to help set up the equipment.
6 Tony: l'm so sorry I missed the training session.
Tony ___________________ the training session.
7 Wendy: Seriously, Tom, you're a fantastic swimmer. You really must join a swimming club.
Wendy --------------------ª swimming club.
8 Sam: Don't overdo the stretches in your first yoga class, as you could easily injure yourself.
Sam ___________________ in my first yoga class as I could easily injure myself.
D Complete the reported questions.

1 'Have you brought your swimming costume?' asked Ruby.
Ruby asked me _____________________ swimming costume.
2 'Why aren't you playing football with the other boys?' Jim asked Charlie.
Jim asked Charlie _____________________ with the other boys.
3 'When are you going on the rugby tour to France?' Philip asked Rob.
Philip wanted to know _____________________ the rugby tour to France.
4 'How are you getting to the training session tomorrow?' Emily asked Sarah.
Emily asked _____________________ to the training session the following day.
5 'Did your team win?' Frank asked his son.
Frank wanted to know _____________________
6 'Do you know where the team is staying during the European Games?' Laura asked Vincent.
Laura asked _____________________ during the European Games.
7 'Where's my tennis racket?' Mark asked his mother.
Mark asked _____________________
8 'Why don't you like cycling?' Rose asked Tina.
Rose wanted _____________________ cycling.
Sports Crazy! 7
11 s
Exam
Focusing on adverbs & time expressions
A Read the Exam Reminder. Why do you need to • Remember to pay close attention to adverbs of
pay attention to adverbs and time expressions? frequency (always, sometimes, usually, often, never),
adverbs of degree (too, extremely, completely, etc.)
and time expressions (still, so far, since, etc.) in the
answer options, and check that they match what the
B KC/' Now complete the Exam Task. speaker says on the recording.
• Don't forget that sometimes the main idea in an
Exam Task answer option is correct, but the adverb or time
expression is different from what the speaker
You will hear three short segments from a radio actually says!
programme. After each talk, you will hear sorne questions.
From the three answer choices given (a, b ore), you should
choose the one that best answers the question according to the
information you heard.
Segment One 4 What is Steve doing now to improve his chances?

a He's being coached by his father and he's got a
1 What does Hannah think of underwater hockey?
fitness trainer.
a lt's just like hockey.
b He's lifting lots of weights and working on
b Her team is unbeatable.
his backhand.
e lt's tougher than hockey.
e He allows his father to push him to the limit.
2 What does Hannah do to improve her game?
a She wears fins, a diving mask and snorkel. Segment Three
b She practises holding her breath.
5 What was Robin's routine before he retired?
e She swims every day.
a He'd train every weekday and have the weekend off.
Segment Two b He'd spend most of his time in the gym.
e He'd get up early, train for several hours and
3 His father wasn't a professional player because take a day off a week.
a he didn't have the talent.
6 In Robin's opinion, what is his greatest achievement?
b he had to get a job instead.
a his Olympic gold medals
e he didn't take advantage of his opportunities.
b his environmental campaign
e his long career as an athlete
wr,-ti vi 0: IÁVI i viforvnt-t l le-tter

A Read the writing task below and answer the questions. 1 Who will be reading your letter?
2 What will you say in the first paragraph?
You work in an international co/lege in the UK. Your coflege
3 Apart from the introduction and
principal, Mrs Jones, has received a letter from a teenage student,
conclusion, how many paragraphs
Simon Perez, who is coming to the college for a term and wants to
should it have?
know about sports facilities, as he is traíning for an expedition in
the Andes. You've been asked to reply. 4 How formal should your letter be?
Read the extract from the letter and the comments from the
principal. Then, using the information appropriately, write a letter
to Simon explaining what facilities are available.
As weLL llS Lvt,.:pYOVlV\.g V\,\.tl Lllf'asu0cge SR,LLl.s, 1 1/1.eto! t, VllaCl:ze swxe 1

lV\.c'rw.se vc1.t) fltl/\.ess so tvirt 1 'Ll be r::l'iitJ for Gil/\. expedl::iol/\. to '::he
. AMles LV\. Febrn.llYt). wn0ct facllltle.s 0cre éNOci!cibLe Lv, tne coLLege r;tV\.d
· LV\. t,,,e /,rnYOij towV\.?
• SLf'Vo 0V\.
• In college: climbing wall, gym, running track, football pitches
and basketball courts
; • In town: Olympic size swimming pool, tennis courts, skate park
Write your letter. You should use your own words as far as possible.
88
11 Sports Crazy!
B Read the example letter and complete it with these words.
additionally available charge delighted forward instructor regarding satisfactory
Dear Simon
Mrs Jones has asked me to write to you (1) ________ your
request for information on sports facilities in the college and in our
town.
1 am (2) ________ to inform you that there are very good
sports facilities in college, which I hope will meet your needs. We have
a brand new climbing wall, which is proving very popular with our
students. There are sessions with a(n) (3) ________ every
morning and free sessions in the afternoon and early evening. We also
have a running track, football pitches and basketball courts. There are
clubs for all of these sports. (4) --------, there is a state-of
the-art gym, which is open 24-hours-a-day.
Other facilities, not (5) ________ in college, can be found in
town, which is a 15-minute bus ride away. There is a leisure centre with
an Olympic size swimming pool and three tennis courts. And there is
a very popular skate park at the other end of town, with more tennis
courts nearby. Ali are free of (6) ________ for students.
1 hope this answers your question and you find our sports facilities
(7) _______ We look (8) ______ to
welcoming you to the college in September.
Best wishes
Susan Field
C Read and complete the Exam Task below. Don't forget to use the
Exam Task
You've received a letter from your friend Teresa, who is coming to stay
in your town and wants to know about sports facilities, as she is training
to get into her university basketball team.
Read the extract from the letter and the notes added below.
ph? Then, using the information appropriately, write a letter to Teresa
, explaining what facilities are available.
--·-- --
- :-;·f:�111,�;:;;-thnt -�-�n:e n ,
¡ 111,eed to·:;;�-;;;¡·;--;;;·-�f - Following letter writing conventions
, ¡ chn111,ce of geth111,g [111 to t½e bcdzetbnLL teílVVc whe111, 1 go noVVc�.
1
, • When writing a letter, remember to
' ' As i:jOU. lz.111,ow, ít's VVci:j vlYWVVc 1 Cn111, 1:1ou. glve VVct a 111, íden of the state the reason you're writing and make
, sports fncfühes í111, i:jOU.Y towv.,? l'VVc renLLi:j Looizí111,g forwnyc;l ::o sure you respond to ali the questions or
seeí111,g 1:1ou. n111,d s-pe111,d í111,g soVVce hVVce i,,�111,gí111,g oi,,.t to1:;etl-lev. requests made in the input material.
• Use the appropriate register for the
person you are writing to and don't forget
TtYtSíl
to use the correct conventions for opening

• leisure centre with swimming pool, squash courts and gym
and closing a letter.
1 • aerobics and yoga classes
1 • basketball courts 20 minutes away by bus

• running track 1 O-minute walk away
'1
í.��-----,---...-----·· -�·
Write your letter in 180-220 words in an appropriate style.
►::) Writing Reference p. 184 in Student's Book
Sports Crazy!
11 s
12 Fast Fo ard
Exam
Checking for coherence & cohesion
• Remember that this type of task tests your
understanding of the overall structure and
A Read the Exam Reminder. What will help you ensure coherence of a text.
the completed text is coherent and cohesive?
• Look for linking words in the main text, e.g. contrast
connectors which show a change in tapie, or
reference words in the paragraphs befare and after
B Now complete the Exam Task. the gap.
• Once you have decided on the answers, don't forget
to read the complete text with them included, to
Nano's big future make sure that it is coherent and cohesive.
'I sit befare you today with very little hair on my head. It become so small that you need a microscope to see them. But
fell out a few weeks ago as a result of the chemotherapy I've keep chopping them smaller, and at sorne point -20 to 30
been undergoing. Twenty years ago, without even this crude nanometers, in this case - the pieces can explode. [I[= ]
chemotherapy, T would aiready be dead. But 20 years from
Substances behave magically at the nanoscale because that's
now, nanoscale missiles will target cancer cells in the human
where the essential properties of matter are determined.
body and leave everything else blissfully alone. I may not
Arrange calcium carbonate molecules in a sawtooth pattern,
live to see it. But I am confident it will happen.' Richard
for instance, and you get fragile, crumbly chalk. Stack the
Smalley spoke these words on June 22, 1999. He died of non
same molecules like bricks, and they help form the layers of
Hodgkin's lymphoma on October 28, 2005. The 62-year-old
the tough, iridescent shell of an abalone. [ 4
L__J
Nobel Prize-winning chemist was a nanotech pioneer, one
of the first to see the approaching 'technological tsunami'. 'Nano's going to be like the invention of plastic,' says
!. 1_j________j Paul Alivisatos, Associate Director of Physical Sciences
at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's new
Nanotechnology has been around for two decades, but the
nanofabrication centre. 'It'll be everywhere: in the scalpels
first wave of applications is only now beginning to break. As
doctors use for surgery and in the fabrics we wear.'
it <loes, it will make the computer revolution look like small
Alivisatos already owns a pair of stain-resistant nanopants
change. It will affect everythu,g from the batteries we use
from the Gap, made from fibres treated with fluorinated
to the clothes we wear to the way we treat cancer. But what
nanopolymer. 'I spilled coffee on them this morning, and it
makes it so special?:��2·
rolled right off.' ¡5�
Joking aside, nanotechnology matters because familiar
Nanotechnology may not have saved Richard Smalley, but
materials begin to develop odd properties when they're
it will save others. It is evolving incredibly quickly. Many
nanosize. Tear a piece of aluminium foil into tiny strips, and
of the current applications would have seemed pretty
it will still behave like aluminium - even after the strips have
unrealistic even ten.years ago. · ·· •,,
ExamTask
Five paragraphs have been removed from the text. Choose from the paragraphs A - F the one which fits each gap
(1 - 5). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
A lt's a tantalising idea: creating a material with ideal D Not all nanosize materials change properties so usefully
properties by customising its atomic structure. (there's talk of adding nano aluminium to rocket
Scientists have already developed rarefied tools, such fuel), but the fact that sorne do is a boon. With them,
as the scanning tunnelling microscope, capable of scientists can engineer a cornucopia of exotic new
viewing and moving individual atoms vía an exquisitely materials, such as plastic that conducts electricity and
honed tip just one atom wide. coatings that prevent iron from rusting. lt's like you
B One reason for the rapid global spread of shrink a cat and keep shrinking it, and then at sorne
nanotechnology is that the entry cost is comparatively point, all at once, as if by magic, it turns into a dog.
low. Countries that missed out on the computer E Such commercial applications continue to spread.
revolution because they lacked the capital to build Homeowners now have the option of installing
vast, high-tech factories that made silicon chips are windows manufactured by PPG Industries, a company
less likely to miss the nanotech wave. that uses nanoscale particles of titanium dioxide
C A tsunami is unnoticeable in the open ocean - a long, to make glass that doesn't streak and never needs
low wave whose power becomes clear only when it washing. Food companies have begun experimenting
reaches shore and breaks. Technological revolutions with nanopackaging that changes colour when food
travel with the same stealth. Spotting the wave while spoils or contains bacteria.
it's still crossing the ocean is tricky, which explains why F The main thing to know about nanotechnology is that
so few of us are aware of the one that's approaching. it's small. Really small. Nano, a prefix that means 'dwarf'
in Greek, is shorthand for nanometer, one-billionth
of a metre: a distance so minute that comparing it to
Fast Forward anything in the regular world is a bit of a joke.

90 12
A Complete the words in the sentences.
1 Osear has an entrepreneurial streak. He's made a k ______ selling his latest invention on the Internet.
2 Although we don't know what the future h ____, it's quite likely that many different cancers will become curable.
3 Her time in Chile helped s ____ her future. She wouldn't have got this job if she couldn't speak Spanish.
4 We thought we'd be able to p ______ the outcome of the experiment, but we were on the wrong track.
5 1 had a h ____ that Loma would win the election, but not by such a massive majority.
6 The tenants had to pay out of their own p ______ to repair the damage to the flat.
6 Albert Einstein is believed to have said, 'Only two things are ________, the universe and human stupidity, and
l'm not sure about the former.'
B Circle the correct words.

UN Warning
With the population of the world (1) likely / inevitably to grow to nearly nine billion by
2040, experts are warning that we are rapidly running out of time to ensure that there will
be enough resources to meet our (2) anticipated / perpetua! needs.
According to the UN, the world is going need at least 50% more food, 45% more energy
and 30% more water by 2030.
'Despite the (3) looming / promising catastrophe, little action is being taken to set
sustainable development goals,' said a UN spokesman. 'The situation is already
(4) critica! / unforeseen. There is no time to waste.'
The UN's warning is (5) intended / fated to mobilise governments to take immediate action
to (6) preserve / reserve resources and manage energy consumption more efficiently.
Match the phrases 1 - 6 to the phrases a - f.

1 Medical advances have given rise □ a in the search for a cure for dementia.
2 There has yet to be a breakthrough □ b in her health since she saw the doctor.
3 Cases of influenza have increased □ e to the likelihood of people living to 100 years old.
4 Carla has always been □ d of the opinion that exercise is vital.
5 There hasn't been any improvement □ e to accept a job in banking.
6 Before going into science, he was about □ f by 25% this winter.
D Read the Exam Reminder. What can help you to find

the correct form of a word?
Exam
Sentence transformation
E Complete the Exam Task. • Remember, brainstorm a word family for each of
the words given in the task before completing the
fully Exam Task sentences. Then think about which best fits in the gap
in each sentence.
For questions 1 - 5 complete the second sentence so
• Remember to check the spelling of ali the words you
that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Do not
have written, as you will lose marks if any of your
change the word given. You must use between three and words are spelled incorrectly!
six words including the word given.
1 We don't know for definite the reasons why the two planes collided. SPECULATE
We ________ why the two planes collided.
2 Until we have ali the facts, we don't know exactly why the engine failed. EDUCATED
ny Until we have ali the facts, we can ___ _____ as to why the engine failed.
3 As a child, the summer holidays felt like they !asted forever. ETERNITY
As a child, the summer holidays -------· Now they go by like a flash.
ng
4 Seeing a comet in the night sky used to be considered by many societies as a bad sign of something toco:-:.. �
In many societies, seeing a comet in the night sky used to be considered ________
at 5 He planted an arboretum for future generations at the age of seventy, knowing full well he would ne,,sc 52= - _ -=---=
.varf' reach maturity. POSTERITY
At the age of seventy, --------, knowing full well he would never see his trees reach ma
Fast ForwE..r =
= 12
Clauses
A Complete the text with the missing phrases on the right.
Cockroaches inspire robot antenna

(1) _cockroaches as a nasty nuisance, to a team of engineers at
Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, the pesky beasties
are excellent role models. (2) _ such sophisticated and sensitive
antennae, scientists decided to use them as a model when building
an antenna for a robot. The sensor-laden antenna they built resembles
a cockroach's navigational appendage. The antenna sends signals to
I a
b
e
d
e
to overcome this problem
to make it possible for robots
while most of us think of
to do this
since cockroaches have
the robot's electronic brain (3) _to scurry along walls, turn corners, f to see how cockroaches use
and avoid obstacles, just like a cockroach. The technology could their antennae
provide an important navigational alternative (4) _to be dispatched
g however
into dangerous locations, such as collapsed buildings. At present,
h in order to enable the machine
most robotic vehicles rely on artificial vision or sonar systems for their
navigation. (5) _, robotic eyes don't operate well in low light, and
sonar systems can be confused by polished surfaces. (6) _, assistant
professor, Noah Cowan, and his colleagues have built a crude antenna /
prototype based on the navigational techniques of a cockroach. 'When a
robot navigates with a sense of touch there is nothing that has to travel
through the air that can be interfered with by substances like dust or
smoke,' said Cowan. His team studied cockroach locomotion (7) _to
track along walls in the dark. (8) _, the engineers built an oval-shaped
'obstacle course' for the cockroaches, and then filmed the insects as they
manoeuvered inside it. 'Every time I looked at the images of the course, 1
was in awe of the cockroaches' agility and speed,' said Jusuk Lee, a Ph.D.
student who collected the data.
&&t 40 4) !.

1 _a technical fault, we are unable to connect you to the Internet.
a Owing in b Owing to e Owing with
2 _ you haven't been able to get to the supermarket today, 1 think we
should go out to dinner.
a Seeing that b Seen that e Since that
3 _an increase in greenhouse gases, the world is getting hotter.
a Due with b Due in e Due to
4 There wasn't _data to determine whether the experiment had been successful.
a too b enough e so
5 _not earning much money, they managed to enjoy quite a high standard of living.
a In spite b Even though e Despite
6 Microscopes are used _at things you can't see with the naked eye.
a for looking b to looking e so look
7 The formula was _that she couldn't remember it the next day.
a too complicated b so complicated e complicated enough
8 _ Lucas was hoping to study chemistry at university, his brother had decided to apply for a job straight
from school.
a However b While e In spite of
92 12 Fast Forward
C Complete the second sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the first sentences.
1 Betty wanted to go to law school, so she worked very hard for her exams.
Betty _ _ _ ___________ for her exams ________________
2 With all the competition these days, it's very difficult for young people to get a job.
Since there ________________ these days, young people
________________ to get a job.
3 No classrooms will be renovated in the foreseeable future because of budget cuts.
Due ----------------, they ________________ any classrooms in the
foreseeable future.
4 We're not surprised that Camilla is feeling stressed as she has so many decisions to make very quickly.
With ----------------, it's not ________________ stressed.
5 lt is unlikely that we will be able to afford to buy a house soon due to price rises in the construction industry.
Owing ________________ in the construction industry, we are
________________ to afford to buy a house soon.
6 You handed in your work late, so you can't expect to get it back any time soon .
Seeing ________________ your work late, ________________ to get it
e
back any time soon.
Neither... nor; Either... or
O Circle the correct words.

1 Either / Neither we stay in and watch a film or we go to the cinema.
2 1 don't think neither / either of those solutions will work.
3 Neither / Nor of them wants to admit it was their fault.
4 Neither Claudia or / nor Lucy is going to drive tonight.
5 1 doubt either / neither subject will be easy, but I think l'm better at maths.
6 Either of / Neither of his sons followed in his footsteps.
E Match the first part of the sentences 1 - 8 to the second parts a - h.

1
2
Either you borrow my book or
Neither Louisa nor Joseph
□□ a neither did her sister.
b or I will.
3 They will neither drive nor cycle to the park;
4 We'II either drive you to the park now or
□□ e they'II have to walk.
d you buy your own. lt's up to you.
5 Either one of us could get the job;

6 Serena didn't want to cook a meal;
□□ e
f
are going to the party.
we'II have to wait and see.
□□
7 Neither Rosie nor her friends g is prepared to buy the books.
8 Either Dominic will collect you from school h you'II have to walk there later.
Exam
A Read the Exam Remínder. How can you write numbers in Spelling & numbers
your answers? • Remember to read and listen to the
instructions for the task carefully, as they
will give you general information about
the tapie of the listening.
B ·12.11 ' Now complete the Exam Task. • Read the questions and try to predict
what is missing from each gap.
ExamTask • Remember to check your spelling once
you have decided on your answer.
You will hear someone talking about geothermal energy.
For questions 1 - 8, complete the sentences with a word • Don't forget that numbers can be written
or short phrase. as figures or words, e.g.5,500 or five
thousand, five hundred.
1 Geothermal energy originates beneath the
________ of the earth.
2 Mankind has benefited from bathing in ________
for thousands of years .
3 Geothermal energy can be used to ________
dwellings and workplaces, as well as to generate electricity.
4 Geothermal heat pumps can help cool a building in
summer because they can ________ heat back
to the ground.
5 In winter, hot water from under the ground can be
used to warm up roads and pavements in order to
________ snow.
6 Geothermal electricity is generated by digging deep
-------- and tapping steam and hot water
that drive turbines.
7 The country that produces the greatest amount of
geothermal energy is ________
8 lceland is planning to ________ its renewable
energy to other countries in order to advance its
economic recovery.
wr,-tivi0: títvi essli\\,\ (2...)

A Read the writing task below and decide if the statements
are true or false. Write T for true or F for false.
Following a class discussion, your teacher has asked you to write an
essay giving your views on this topic.
'Although sustainable agriculture in the 21 st century could lead

to better farming practices, will it ensure that enough food is
produced for a growing population?' Discuss.
lt
Write your essay.
1 Your essay should describe only the advantages of
2
sustainable farming.
You should write about what sustainable farming
□
3
means.
Your essay should be about the advantages and
□
4
disadvantages of sustainable farming.
You shouldn't mention industrial farming.
□□
5 You should end your essay by giving your opinion on
sustainable agriculture in the twenty-first century. □
B Read the example essay below and complete it with these phrases and sentences.
a Critics of sustainable agriculture claim that its methods will result in fewer crops and increased land use.
b Sustainable agriculture takes many forms
e On the other hand, if sustainable agriculture is introduced extensively in the 21 st century, it will involve a wide range
of techniques
d The industrial approach relies on the cultivation of a single crop
Sustainable agriculture in the 21 st century

(1) _, but the main idea behind it is a rejection of the industrial
approach to food production developed during the 20'h century.
(2) _, mechanisation, chemical pesticides and fertilisers,
and biotechnology. Although it may sound environmentally
unfriendly, we cannot ignore the fact that this approach has
made food plentiful and affordable. However, the ecological and
social price has been high: soil erosion and contamination, water
contamination, loss of biodiversity, deforestation and the decline
of the family farm.
(3) _, including organic and free-range. These methods are
like natural ecological processes. Farmers will have healthy soil
by planting fields with different crops year after year, and they
will avoid using pesticides by encouraging the presence of
organisms that control pests which destroy crops.
(4) _They add that a commitment to its practices will mean
inevitable food shortages for a world population expected to
exceed eight billion by the year 2030. There's recent evidence,
though, suggesting that over time, sustainably farmed lands can
be as productive as conventional industrial farms. We will have
to wait and see.
C Read and complete the Exam Task below. Don't forget to use the
ExamTask
Following a class discussion, your teacher has asked you to
Learning Reminder �:'l!'!
write an essay giving your views on this topic. Using formal expressions in �
moderation
'As the world's population grows and economic and
environmental difficulties multiply, only technology will be • When you are writing an essay, spend
sorne time thinking about the topic
able to provide solutions to our global problems.' Discuss.
and writing notes before you start.
Write your essay in 220-260 words in an appropriate style. • Make sure you show both sides of an
argument and provide examples to
support your claims.
• Use your concluding paragraph to give
►:)Writing Reference p. 176 in Student's Book your opinion.
Fast Forward
12
V oc/Ák/vtllÁrli
1 Jason is a radio and television sports-· 11 Nobody knows what the future -·
a commander a holds
b commentator b enjoys
e conductor e delivers
d leader d gains
2 Good luck, Selma. We're ali_ for you. 12 1 can only _ about his reasons for resigning.
a rooting a contemplate
b reviving b reflect
e dashing e conjecture
d pitching d speculate
3 The cast delivered a _ performance last night. 13 The show was cancelled due to an_ event.
a capturing a unpredictable
b cultivating b unforeseen
e competing e innovative
d captivating d anticipated
4 l've swum 20 _ of the pool today. 14 There are _ storm clouds in the sky.
a lanes a perpetua!
b lines b unaware
e laps e menacing
d rows d timeless
5 They played better than us and we were -· 15 After I pay my bilis, 1 have little _ income.
a conquered a reusable
b bounced b unavoidable
e thrashed e disposable
d pitched d preceding
6 You pulled a muscle because you didn't _ properly. 16 The good news is that his salary has_ 20%.
a warm up a increased by
warm in b increased for
e heat up e given rise to
d work out d improved in
7 1 didn't _ a good start and I couldn't catch up. 17 Has genetic _ increased crop yields?
a go off to a production
b get off to b manufacturing
e lead off to e development
d set off to d engineering
8 Nobody helped her. She did it -· 18 The _ telecommunications market is growing.
a for herself a wired
b by her own b wireless
e with her own e portable
d on her own d fixed
9 1 can't do any more. The ball's in his _ now. 19 We want a return to the _ economy of the past.
a square a booming
pitch b failing
e court e listless
d course d energetic
10 He works out so he's _ great shape. 20 A cure for cancer would be a scientific -·
a at a expansion
b in b extension
e on e breakthrough
d for d growth

6t rt\ VV\ Wl ar
1 I _ Harry l'd be late. 11 _ a bank error, 1 was credited with f1000!
a say a Owing to
b said b Seeing that
e tell e Since
d told d With
2 Paul said that he wouldn't _ help. 12 We should stay now _ we're already here.
a able to a owing to
b be able b seeing as
e be able to e because of
d been able to d due to
3 We explained we'd be leaving the -· 13 These instructions aren't _ for the children to follow.
a tomorrow a such clear
b yesterday b enough clear
e following day e clear enough
d day following d so little clear
4 Mary told me she _ revise at the weekend. 14 _ achieve his goal, he had to focus on training.
a must a So that
b mustn't b In order
e hadn't e In order for
d had to d In order to
5 She promised they definitely _ on holiday. 15 Melissa refused to stay in bed _ feeling exhausted.
a had gone a however
b would go b whereas
e went e despite
d didn't go d nevertheless
6 Robert admitted _ in the exam. 16 We enjoyed our walk _ the rain.
a to cheat a in spite of
b cheating b whereas
e have cheated e though
d not cheat d while
7 Rebecca insisted _ for our meal. 17 They neither praised _ his work.
a on paying a or criticised
b of paying b nor criticised
e to pay e neither criticised
d for paying d not criticised
8 Carl is refusing _ the contract. 18 Daniel wasn't qualified for he job. -, he was chosen.
a on signing a Even though
b of signing b Whereas
e to sign e Nevertheless
d for signing d In spite of
9 We congratulated Jonathan _ second in the race. 19 Neither Ruth nor Carrie _ for a second interview.
a on coming a has invited
b of coming b have invited
e to come e has been invited
d for coming d have been invited
10 They apologised _ so late. 20 Simon doesn't want to move and -·
a that arrived a we don't either
b of arriving b we don't neither
e to arrive e we neither do
d for arriving d we aren't either

Use of evi0lis\tl
C Complete the text with the correct form of the words in bold.
Sports mad
Many sports (1) ________ - and not the average fallower, but the ones FAN
who go to great lengths to show their love far the sport - make us scratch our
heads and wonder why sorne people have such a (2) ________ desire to BURN
watch sport. One of the answers líes in the make-up of our brain and how
we as (3) ________ respond when we view competitions. The human brain OBSERVE
has chemicals that are triggered when a feeling of excitement or anger occurs;
these chemicals (4) ________ our bodies and sometimes make us behave POWER
like (5) _________ When our team seores a goal or, conversely, when MANIC
one of our players is (6) --------, our brain releases chemicals that QUALIFY
cause us to cheer far our mates or scream at the television, the sports
(7) --------, the person sitting next to us, and most often, the COMMENT
umpire or (8) _________ Even befare a match, the brain chemicals released REFER
into our bodies (9) ________ our senses as we prepare to watch the game. SHARP
There's no denying sorne people their love of sport, and sometimes it's more
(10) ________ to watch a sports lover's reaction to sporting events than CAPTIVATE
the actual event!
L .h Jh? ;:,( 23 tl!t•

""'"" 4 «!41
/.NJO+ 1 %l!l3 GL
Exploring Mars
Will we ever send a person to Mars? Although we don't know what the future (1) --------, scientists
are of (2) ________ opinion that this will happen one day. Mars is certainly (3) ________
in line far human exploration, (4) ________ that so much effort has been put into sending
devices there so (5) ________ to learn more about it. An important factor (6) ________
exploring Mars is getting astronauts there safely. The recent landing of the Mars rover, Curiosity, is one source
(7) ________ inspiration that this is possible. The mission got (8) ________ to a good start.
Everything the scientists had been working (9) _______ paid off, (1 O) ________ the rover
landed successfully owing (11) ________ the home team responsible far guiding it there. lt was a
smooth landing (12) ________ though there had been concerns about the mission, and the event was
(13) _ ______ momentous it made world headlines. In (14) ________ of ali this progress, it
will be years befare mankind travels there. For the time (15) --------, we will simply have to explore
it from home.
ttll !l.$ k) #& J w:;

ª j$;,;t =

1 The choices we make early in life do a lot to _______ our future.
His behaviour is out of control and he really needs to _______ up.
Harry joined a gym so he could get in good _______
2 Don't tell Margie about the surprise party; she can't keep a _______
The fact that ordinary people can now travel into space is no state _______
The meeting was held in _ ______ and I can't say what it was about.
3 She was doing so well until she _______ back to eighth place.
1 would be disappointed with you if you _______ out of the race.
The project's success depended on Sarah, but unfortunately she _______ the ball.
4 Mark spilt water on the floor and the puppy tried to ________ it up.
lt would a tragedy to give up during the last of the race.
Marcy had gotten too big to sit on her mother's _______
5 Hanna was set to win the match and nothing could _______ her back.
The team is very competitive and they the record in the relay race.
The bars in the gymnastic wheel help you to onto it.
1 Both George and Paul are unprepared for the game.
NOR
_______________ is ready for the game.
2 After Mike failed at the initial phase, he quit the project.
HURDLE
At the start of the project, Mike ____________________ and quit.
3 Mary said, 'l'm sorry I didn't make it to the game.'
FOR
Mary _ __________________ the game.
4 The coach asked Henry, 'Did you practise this weekend?'
IF
The coach asked Harry ____________________ weekend.
5 'l'm so happy for your win!' Monica said to Karen.
CONGRATULATED
Monica ______________ _ ____ win.
6 Margaret received lots of money when she signed with the team.
KILLING
Margaret ____________________ the team.
7 Becoming a rocket scientist is the greatest thing after travelling in space.
NOTHING
____________________ would be better than becoming a rocket scientist.
8 'Shall we watch the launch tomorrow?' Jill said to Oliver.
FOLLOWING
Jill asked Oliver if they ____________________ day.

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1 Scaling the Heights

Young Record Breakers one; sometimes similar information may

A Circle the correct words.

B Complete the texts with these verb forms.

Media experts offer their thoughts on the future of social networking

C Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences.

6 By September, they are working on the house for over a year.

D Match the first parts of the sentences 1 - 6 to the second parts a - f.

1 Paul decided he would buy a a because they were staying \\,;.....n

1 Carl moved to Los Angeles in August. lt's December now. living

as a result however nevertheless secondly thirdly though

.,..:) Writing Reference p. 17 6 in Student's Book

Review 1 Units 1 & 2 1

C Choose the correct answer.

, e> ffl"!lm�m«:% 1wxo:c a ; �.;,t. t ; ' x�-�:m'/-:-"",.;

1 a gruelling b cunning c crushing d staggering

D Complete the text by writing one word in each gap.

Failure is the key to success

1a Review 1 Units 1 & 2

20 3 Just for the Health of lt

1 Susan had ________ feelings aoo_-:::a<ing the medication her MIX

on 3 lt's just a ________ pain. Luck: '/ ncdwlg is broken. MUSCLE

Just for the Health of lt 3 2

E Match the first parts of the sentences 1 - 6 to the second parts a - f.

22 3 Just for the Health of lt

A Circle the correct words.

B Complete the text with these words.

C Underline one adverb or adverb phrase in each sentence.

D Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences.

Just for the Health of lt 3

C á.1::'fG Listen again and check your answers.

1) ______________ (3) ___________

• plasters for those inevitable blisters

Just for the Health of lt 3 2

O Choose the correct answers.

Lights, Camera, Action ! 4 2

F Match the first parts of the sentences 1 - 8 to the second parts a - h.

g because he's the star of the show.

Gerunds & lnfinitives

2s 4 Lights, Camera, Action !

1 We're really looking forward to see his latest film � ____________ _

C Choose the correct answers.

1 Oliver persuaded his brother _ him his aoroo computer.

Lights, Camera, Action ! 4 29

a Admittedly, they were ali messing about and deserved it.

A Read the Exam Reminder. What should

e 4., Listen again and check your answers.

32 Review 2 Units 3 & 4

Review 2 Units 3 & 4 33

� J$.&$$#)!1.$!!.S.W(Jk$R::. i...ww ' ' #$t) se www ;§44 wz ;g!)}. *' X ;;

1 a valuable b successful e effective d qualified

D Complete the text with the correct form of the words.

34 Review 2 Units 3 & 4

1 Joseph has been acting since he graduated from drama school.

Review 2 Units 3 & 4 35

B FOOD INTOLERANCE OR FOOD ALLERGV?

Complete the words in the sentences.

Ouestion Tags & Reinforcement Tags

Complete the same-way question tags.

1) ____ (3) _

' ' ' """"""" '"""'�-· ™""-' ,!