Meaning Through Music

Pada bab ini akan disuguhkan beberapa lagu dan puisi. Biasanya petanyaan mengenai lagu
atau puisi tersebut seputar makna judul, isi dari lagu/puisi, tema, perasaan tentang
lagu/puisi, dan beberapa kata sulit (bisa berupa sinonim, antonim, atau makna). Jadi
sangat penting untuk benar-benar memahami isi dari lagu/puisi tersebut.

How to figure out a song’s meaning

1. Find the lyrics of the song

2. Try to figure out the type of the song (classical/ country/ etc.)
3. Find out what kind of poetic devices are used and then re-examine the lyrics. You will
be able to find a whole new meaning of words
4. Listen to the song while reading the lyrics. Try to look for the messege
5. Keep an open mind and discuss the meaning with other people. You will be surprised
how different perspective can open up your mind to new meaning

Structure of a song
1. Intro= music at the begining of the song
2. Verse= lines of the song, describe the concept and the theme of the song
3. Chorus= lines that are repeated at least once both lyrically or musically
4. Bridge= part of the song that has relatively different melody from the rest of the
song

Techniques in writing songs

1. Simile= used to compare two unlike things using 'like' or 'as' (you're as pretty as the
moon)
2. Metaphor= used to two things without using 'like' or 'as' (Edo is such a fox)
3. Personification= give human qualities to inanimate objects (The wind danced the
waves)
4. Hyperbole= exaggerate things beyond limit (she has a diamond ring that's bigger
than a mountain)
5. Alliteration= repetition of consonants (Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers)
6. Onomatopoeia= words that sound like the name of the word (the lion was growling)
7. Rhyme= word that sounds alike either at the end of the lines or in the middle of it (i
carry a gold locket in my pocket)
 Explanation Text
Purpose : untuk menjelaskan sesuatu, berupa natural phenomenon atau social phenomenon
(why & how)

Perbedaan dengan Descriptive Text dan Report Text

• Descriptive : menjelaskan hal yang cenderung lebih personal (persons, feelings)

• Report : based on research atau systematic observation (what)
Generic Structure

• General statement : pernyataan umum atau introduction dari topik pembahasan

• Explanation : chronological process dari pembahasan berisi sequence of events
• Conclusion : tidak selalu ada, berupa kesimpulan atau penambahan dari penulis
Text Feature

• Simple present tense : menyatakan hal yang sedang terjadi di masa sekarang atau
sesuatu yang berulang
• Passive voice : menekankan fokus pada suatu objek
o Passive voice dalam simple present tense
object + (to be (is, am, are)) atau (modals (could, may) + be) + v3 (past
participle)
• Action verbs : kata kerja yang menjelaskan aksi yang berlangsung
• Technical terms : istilah teknis yang berkaitan dengan topik
• Noun phrases
 Passive Voice

Fungsi dari passive voice

Kalimat pasif atau passive voice digunakan untuk menunjukkan ketertarikan pada seseorang
atau objek yang dikenai tindakan dan bukan seseorang atau objek yang melakukan tindakan.
Jadi, hal atau orang yang terpenting akan menjadi subjek kalimat

Contoh

● The passive voice is used frequently. (= kita tertarik dengan kalimat pasif, bukan
siapa yang menggunakannya.)
● The house was built in 1654. (= kita tertarik dengan rumahnya, bukan siapa yang
membangunnya.)
● The road is being repaired. (= kita tertarik dengan jalannya, bukan siapa yang
melakukan perbaikan.)
Terkadang, kita menggunakan kalimat pasif karena kita tidak mengetahui atau tidak ingin
menyatakan siapa yang melakukan tindakan.

Contoh

● I noticed that a window had been left open.

● Every year thousands of people are killed on our roads.
● All the cookies have been eaten.
● My car has been stolen!
Kalimat pasif sering digunakan dalam teks formal. Mengubahnya menjadi kalimat aktif akan
membuat tulisan Anda lebih jelas dan lebih mudah dibaca.

Pasif Aktif

A great deal of meaning is conveyed by a A few well-chosen words convey a great

few well-chosen words. deal of meaning.

Our planet is wrapped in a mass of gases. A mass of gases wrap around our planet.

Waste materials are disposed of in a variety The city disposes of waste materials in a
of ways. variety of ways.
Jika ingin mengatakan siapa atau apa yang melakukan suatu tindakan dalam kalimat pasif,
kita menggunakan preposisi by. Saat kita mengetahui siapa yang melakukan tindakan itu dan
tertarik dengan subjeknya, lebih baik kita mengubahnya ke kalimat aktif.

Pasif Aktif

"A Hard Day's Night" was written by the The Beatles wrote "A Hard Day's
Beatles. Night".

The movie ET was directed by Spielberg. Spielberg directed the movie ET.

This house was built by my father. My father built this house.

Membentuk passive voice

Kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Inggris terdiri dari dua unsur:

bentuk kata kerja to be yang sesuai + past participle

Positif Negatif Pertanyaan Pertanyaan Negatif

The house was The house wasn't Was the house built Wasn't the house built
built in 1899. built in 1899. in 1899? in 1899?

These houses were These houses Were these houses Weren't these houses
built in 1899. weren't built in built in 1899? built in 1899?
1899.
Passive infinitive

dibentuk dari:

to be + past participle

Sama seperti present infinitive, ada situasi-situasi di mana bentuk zero dari passive infinitive
harus digunakan, sehingga kata to dihilangkan. Hal ini dilakukan setelah penggunaan
sebagian besar modal auxiliary dan tempat lain yang menggunakan zero infinitive.

Contoh

I am expecting to be given a pay-rise next month.

She is hoping to be elected president.

The carpet needs to be washed.

These doors should be shut at night.

This window may be opened but that one must stay closed.

Alice could be given a prize for her artwork.

#The king

*Simple passive voice

Tobe+V3

Ex: present | Bali is visited by me | bali and papua are visited by me

Past | Bali was visited by me | these books were bought by me

*Continuous passive voice

Tobe+being+V3

Ex: present | Bali is being visited by me | bali and papua are being visited by me

Past | Bali was being visited by me | these books were being bought by me
*Perfect passive voice

Tobe+been+V3

Ex: present| Bali has been visited by me | bali & papua have been visited by me

Past | Bali had been visited by me | bali & papua had been visited by me

Future | Bali will have been visited by me | bali & papua will have been visited by me

*Future passive voice

Will be + V3 | Bali will be visited by me

Going to+V3| Bali is going to visited by me

 Narrative text

1. Definition: A narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people

2. Generic structure
# Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are
introduced.

# Complication : Where the problems in the story developed.

# Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved.

# Coda / reorientation (optional) – lesson from the story

3. Purpose: to amuse or to entertain the reader with a story.

4. Language Feature
– Past tense (killed, drunk, etc)
– Adverb of time (Once upun a time, one day, etc)
– Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, etc)
– Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not general. (Cinderella, Snow
White, Alibaba, etc)
– Action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (killed, dug, walked, etc)
– Direct speech. It is to make the story lively. (Snow White said,”My name is Snow White).
The direct speech uses present tense.

5. Kinds of Narrative text

Fable, folktales, fairy tales, myth, legend
 An Ugly Chick
Orientation

One day, at the farm there was a hen with her 7 eggs. The one of those eggs was too big for
the usual hen’s egg. The hen did not understand how she had that egg but she still took care
of it.

Complication

At one morning, all of those eggs cracked. There were six cute yellow chicks and one big
black and ugly chick.

The mother did not understand why one of his chicks was too big and black and ugly. That
ugly chick also grew too fast than the other six chicks.

All chicken at that farm laughed at that ugly chick and every day they mocked him.

That ugly chick was so sad. He felt different and ugly and he was so shy of his appearance.

One day, the ugly chick decided to run away from the farm.

He asked the other bird about his kind but there was no bird knew about him. He was more
and more sad and lonely.

He walked slowly near the river to get food. He saw his appearance at the river and it was
true that he was so ugly and different from the other chicks.

When the ugly chick went alone, a man come and caught him. The man took it home and
kept it in a stall.

Every day that man gave some food and water for that ugly chick. He was saved actually but
he felt alone inside that stall.

He can see the other chicken outside the stall. He did not understand why that man did not
release him outside the stall.

The chick grew bigger and he did not know how long he had been in the stall so far.

He did not know yet how he looked like after he grew bigger.

What he knew was that all chickens on that farm were afraid of him. That made him became
more and more sad and felt ugly.

One day, the man released him outside that stall because its stall was not enough for his size.

He can feel a little bit happier because finally he could walk around.
Resolution

He saw a big and beautiful bird came close to him. That bird was as big as him and has so
very beautiful feather. He was afraid and the he run away.

Near the pool at that farm, finally he can see his appearance. He was the same with the big
bird he had seen before.

Then he understood that he was not a chicken but a bird. Then he came to that bird and asked
about his kind. He told all of his sad stories to that bird.

Finally, he knew that he was a peacock and he was happy because he was not alone and ugly
anymore. He was a beautiful peacock with his new family.
 Exposition Text
• SOCIAL FUNCTION

The purpose of an exposition text is to persuade your audience to look at an issue with your
perspective.

• EXAMPLES OF EXPOSITION TEXT

1. Letters
2. Legal Defense
3. Speeches/Lectures
4. Editorials
5. Newspaper Articles
6. Essays
7. Political Leaflets
• THE STRUCTURE
1. Title : Tells about the topic
2. Introduction : States the thesis statement of your text
3. Body : Support the viewpoint with factual data like graphs, pictures, charts, etc.
4. Conclusion : Restatement of the thesis statement
• LANGUAGE FEATURES
1. Use the descriptive persuasive words with emotive connotations to emphasive
your viewpoint.
2. Use thesaurus to find an appropriate word.
3. Use the present tense such as Lions live, I eat, etc.
4. Use mental verbs such as I believe, I prefer.
5. Use saying verbs to support the argument such as people say, it is said.
6. Use connecting words to link arguments so that the flow of the arguments is logical
and fluent. Example : additionally, furthermore, not only, etc.
7. Use casual conjunctions to indicate a cause or reason of what is being stated.
Example : because, consequently, despite, etc.
8. Use words that express the author’s attitude to qualify or confirm. Example : will,
frequently, may, must, etc.
9. Use persuasive techniques