Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education

Vol. XV, Issue No. 3, May-2018, ISSN 2230-7540

Study of Computer Aided Design and

Mechanical Design by Computer Software

Sachin Ramkishan Jagtap*

Student

Abstract – CAD is utilize of computer systems to help create, alter, analyze or optimize an engineering
design. CAD technology is utilize to maximize designer's productivity, enhance design quality, improve
documentation interaction & build production database. Sometimes, CAD performance is in printing,
packaging or other processes of production. In compliance with application-specific standards,
technological & engineering diagrams & photographs should convey information like materials,
procedures, measurements & tolerances. CAD can be utilize in three-dimensional (3D) space to model
curves, figures, lines, surfaces & solids. For special effects utilize in advertisements & technical
manuals, for example, CAD is also & to create computer animation. CAD is significant industrial art &
way of achieving projects. It is commonly utilize in various fields, including automotive, shipbuilding,
aviation & industrial design. The process & performance of CAD is significant for effective engineering &
manufacturing issues solutions. CAD software helps us to explore ideas, imagine concepts by means of
photorealistic renditions, movies & simulate how design project will perform in real world.

Keywords: Computer Aided Design, Mechanical Design, Computer Software, 2D, 3D.

-----------------------------------X----------------------------------

I. INTRODUCTION computer models. Such models typically appear as

3D representation of component or group of parts on
CAD is utilize of computer software to model & record a computer monitor, which can be easily changed by
design process of product. Engineering drawing modifying specific parameters.
includes utilize of symbols including points, lines,
curves, planes & shapes. Essentially, in graphical CAD systems allow designers to display and evaluate
form, it provides detailed description of any element. models beneath huge range of representations.
For more than 2000 years, engineering drawings have Computer-assisted development (CAM) uses data on
th
been in use. Nevertheless, in 18 century, formally geometric design to monitor automated machinery.
introduced utilization of orthographic projections. Computer numeric control (CNC) and direct numerical
Because model drawings have evolved beneath years control (DNC) systems are synonymous with CAM
& have become popular. systems. Such systems differ from older forms of
numerical control (NC) by mechanically encoding
Although earlier concept sketches have been geometric information. Because both CAD & CAM
handmade, studies have presented that designs for utilize computer-based process to decode geometric
engineering are quite complicated. A solution to several data, highly integrated design and manufacturing
issues in engineering needs combination of structure, processes can be accomplished. Computer-assisted
evaluation, concepts of problem solving & visual development and production systems are normally
representation of problem. Shown via technical drawing referred to as CAD/CAM.
( known as drafting) describing designs & specifications
of physical object & the relationships between objects. II. THE ORIGINS OF CAD/CAM
Since & clearly communicates all the object data, it
must be correct, CAD comes to fore here. CAD emerged from 3 different sources, which also
help to illustrate the basic operations supported by
CAD wasn't exactly an economic proposition when it CAD systems. Attempts to automate drafting process
st
was first introduced because the computers were very resulted in 1 source of CAD. The Motors Research
expensive at that time. Mini-computer & subsequently Labs led these advances in early 1960s. One of
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microprocessor, the growing computer power in later significant time-saving benefits of software modeling
th
part of 20 century has permitted that are an accurate over traditional design methods is that by adjusting
representation of object's dimensions / properties. the parameters of a model, the latter can be rapidly
Computer-aided design (CAD) requires the corrected or manipulated. The second source for
development of geometrical parameter-defined CAD was model software designs. High-tech

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 Study of Computer Aided Design and Mechanical Design by Computer Software

industries such as aerospace and semiconductors from the inside. One of benefits of CAD drawing is that
pioneered utilize products. editing is a quick process compared to manual process.
rd
The 3 was the efforts made to promote flow from In addition to comprehensive engineering of 2D and 3D
design process to manufacturing process utilizing models, CAD is commonly used to describe component
numerical control (NC) technologies, that in the mid- production from conceptual design to product layout.
1960s had widespread use in many applications. It was Through allowing detailed simulation rather than
this the CAD-CAM link. One of significant constructing and testing physical models, CAD reduces
developments in CAD / CAM technology is the ever design time. CAD with CAM integration further
closer integration of CAD / CAM-based production streamlines product development. In industrial
processes. products, animated films and other uses, CAD is
generally commonly used. The printing of professional
The development of CAD and CAM and especially the design renderings typically requires a special printer or
interaction between the two overcome conventional NC plotter. CAD programs either use graphics based on
limitations in cost, ease of use and speed by allowing vectors or raster graphics that display how an object
the design and manufacture of a component to be looks.
carried out using the same geometric data encoding
method. This breakthrough significantly shortened the IV. CAD SOFTWARE ENABLES
time between design and manufacture and widened the
range of manufacturing processes for which automated • Design quality efficiency.
machinery could be used economically. Just as
significantly, CAD / CAM provided much more direct • Engineer productivity increase.
control over the production process to the architect,
increasing the possibility of fully integrated design and • Enhance record keeping through better
manufacturing processes. documentation and communication.

In the early 1970s, the rapid increase in use of CAD / Today, utilization of CAD has permeated nearly every
CAM technology when machine costs continued to industry. CAD is utilized in all vertical industries from
decline and their processing power grew, use of CAD / aerospace, electronics to manufacturing. When CAD
CAM spread from large firms to enterprises of all sizes encourages innovation and accelerates efficiency, it
utilizing large-scale mass production techniques related becomes increasingly utilized as significant
to CAD / CAM also grew. In addition to parts forming by equipment for modeling before a manufacturing
conventional machine tool processes such as process is actually implemented. This is also one of
stamping, drilling, milling and grinding, CAD / CAM has reasons why CAD education is becoming increasingly
been used by companies involved in the manufacture important.
of consumer electronics and electronic components,
molded plastics, and a host of other products. V. TYPES OF CAD SOFTWARE
Computers are utilized to control variety of production CAD software has been developing by leaps and
processes that are not strictly specified as CAM as bounds since its launch in the late 1960s. A broad
control data are not based on geometric parameters. CAD category is:
Using CAD, the motion of a component through a
production process can be modeled in three • 2D CAD
dimensions. This process can simulate feed rates,
machine tool angles and speeds, part holding clamp
• 3D CAD
position, range & other constraints limiting a machine's
operations. One of key means of increasing integration
• 3D Wireframe and Surface Modeling
of CAD & CAM systems is the continuous development
of simulation of different manufacturing processes.
• Solid Modeling
III. USE OF CAD With more and more (if not all) businesses switching
to CAD / CAE / CAM to achieve product performance,
CAD is utilized to carry out concept designs and plans, reliability and reduced time-to-market, the demand for
design details and measurements, build 3-D models, CAD software is growing. AutoCAD, Dassault
produce and publish diagrams, and interface with Systems, and Altair are among the industry leaders in
technical, advertising, manufacturing and end-user this area.
personnel. CAD facilitates the production process by
transferring detailed product information in an
VI. MECHANICAL DESIGN USING CAD
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automated form that can be interpreted universally by

trained staff. It can be utilized to generate two or three-
dimensional diagrams. Use CAD software tools allows CAD is utilized for computer software to make it
visualization of the model from any perspective, even easier to generate, modify and optimize a part or
compile parts. The use of part design software
permits for higher precision, easier & more accurate

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 Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education
Vol. XV, Issue No. 3, May-2018, ISSN 2230-7540

design iterations & comprehensive part & project tool CNC machine and one industrial-grade FDM
management documentation (e.g. integration with a machine or "3D printer"). The advantage of having fully
traditional Bill of Materials or BoM). A variety of vendors integrated system is that revisions of layout can be
have applications for CAD. We are using Solidworks at made almost instantly without the hassle of
Creative Mechanisms. Some of CAD's strengths over downloading and uploading it whenever you want to
traditional design and/or 3-D modeling include: print a modified component. This is a small thing that
makes a big difference to successful rapid prototyping.

CAD for Manufacturing (Injection Mold

Automation): There are not many techniques
competing with injection molding to mass
manufacturing. One of significant things to consider
when designing mold development for injection is the
mold flow characteristics (the way molten plastic moves
through the molding device before being solidified into
the form of your part). We use plastics from Solid
works to refine our production designs. Proper
diagnosis and development experience with right
software equipment‘s can help minimize faults and
• CAD makes automation and/or process optimize the return on investment.
modeling easy and accurate (known as
Mechanical Design Automation). Traditionally, VII. MOST IMPORTANT SOFTWARE FOR
st
MDA was not possible without 1 building and MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
assembling physical prototype of each part of
the system to check the functionality. Before Mechanical engineers use a lot of software packages,
ever creating a physical model, ability to but there are a few that are consistently used across
digitally design & automate prototype adds the industry. The level of skill required for specific
tremendous flexibility to production processes software packages depends on your engineering
and cost-reduction benefits. position. Nonetheless, with most of the technology on
this list, each mechanical engineer should have at
• CAD allows computer-aided manufacturing least basic familiarity.
(CAM) capability. For example, the
incorporation of CAD technology with CNC Mathcad
machines or processes of additive
manufacturing (3D printers) e.g. Modeling of Mathcad may be one piece of software that is useful
fused deposition (FDM) devices. to any mechanical engineer, regardless of their job
function. Mathcad provides ability to do math as well
• CAD takes into account the properties of as add related images & text to illustrate your work
materials and the interactivity of different within a file. You can add plots that either read from
materials. data arrays or connect to specified equations. The
outcome is a beautifully structured file with estimates
• CAD permits maximum accurate dimensional of your "hand."
analysis & numerical scalability using vector
graphic technology (mathematical formula- • Ability to write and test formulas
based digital images).
• Unit conversion
• CAD has highly accurate component sensitivity
(much smaller part error margin). • Plotting

CAD for Static Mechanical Design and Mechanical • Linear algebra useful to solve 3D static
Design Automation (MDA): One of the great problems, to solve linear equation systems,
advantages of CAD software is its ability to simulate 3D etc.
modeling and incorporate different parts of the same
component in tandem. • Symbolic equation solver useful when you
just don't feel like solving t manually solving
CAD for Computer Aided Manufacturing (CNC & for integral of some complex equation
Additive Manufacturing): At Creative Mechanisms,
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we use a fully integrated software package that

connects our CAD (Solidworks) technology with our
heavy machinery (2 single-tool CNC machines, one 16-

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 Study of Computer Aided Design and Mechanical Design by Computer Software

Microsoft Excel
CAD Software
Excel is perhaps the most flexible application used by
For any engineer with an emphasis on technology, 3D almost every office worker, not only by mechanical
CAD kit is particularly useful. This software permits to engineers. Excel is useful for simple calculations, data
create parts and assemble 3D models. For example, tabulation, ideas design, shape drawing, basic
you can design and incorporate all the individual parts programming there are endless possibilities.
of an engine into an assembly. This will permit the parts
fit as expected. Most CAD packages allow you to do
things such as allowing parts to be moved (i.e. allowing
a shaft to rotate) or testing for parts interference. Many
CAD packages have a drafting feature that permits to
create your parts ' 2D drawings so they can be made.
Many CAD equipment have direct integration into FEA
(Finite Element Analysis) package, allowing you to
iterate among design & analysis seamlessly.

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)

It is useful to automate Excel files, access files, Word

files, and any other files that are generated using the
MS Office suite. Compared to other more complex
programming languages, it can be a bit clunky and
difficult to use, but its easy incorporation into MS
Office makes it an incredibly compelling choice for
FEA Software small scripts to perform basic automation tasks.

FEA is useful for any engineer requiring structural

analysis. You can analyze stresses & deflections in
complex structures using this tool. ANSYS and Nastran
are popular examples. In 3D CAD system, usually a
design is modeled and then passed to the FEA code.
Originally, CAD template to a file format that the FEA
program could then interpret, but now many FEA
packages integrate directly with CAD packages to
make the transition seamless. A mesh is generated
once the geometry is designed to separate the
structure into components. Forces & constraints are
applied, & model can then be solved. From solved
model you can interrogate stresses & deflections in
structure. MATLAB
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MATLAB is among mechanical engineers the

programming language / environment of choice. For
more complex numerical analysis, MATLAB is
necessary is needed. MATLAB is particularly suitable

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 Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education
Vol. XV, Issue No. 3, May-2018, ISSN 2230-7540

for matrix and vector calculations. It has an outstanding calculators more efficiently across development and
plotting capability, so a simulation can be performed evaluation cycles.
easily and results can be shown quickly. For more
complicated things like development. Analyze the For many specific testing tasks, MechaniCalc provides
reaction characteristics of a spring-mass-damper with calculators, including bolted joint analysis, lug analysis,
external force. buckling of columns, and more. It has a list of
properties of materials and cross section properties that
can utilized to calculators. This helps you to save your
job and, for easy reporting, to print documents. All
calculators can be tried free of charge, so check out our
full calculator list here and get started.

Python

Python is a programming language of general use with

a strong scientific programming capability. Python is
therefore an excellent alternative to MATLAB. Python is
an open source, and the popular Python community
actively creates and manages many useful libraries. It
is possible to achieve by downloading the libraries
NumPy, SciPy and Matplotlib. Many other research
collections, such as Pandas, are also available that are
worth looking into as well. A benefit of Python (apart
from the free price) is that it is a programming language
of general purpose it means that in addition to
numerical analysis, like working with file, maintaining a
server, or creating a website.

CONCLUSION

CAD is a computer-assisted model. CAD is used for

product design, production and optimization. While it
is very flexible, CAD is commonly used both in
manufacturing methods & in the construction domain
in the design of tools and equipment needed. CAD
MechaniCalc (MC) helps design engineers to format and create, print
and save their work for future editing on a computer
MC is suite of machine design & structural analysis- screen. Mechanical engineering has undergone
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focused web-based calculators. Such calculators significant changes over the past decade, with a shift
conduct analyzes that industry would anticipate while in focus in terms of scale, length, and applications.
being intuitive and usable as well. Use these The design of nano and micromechanics. However,

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scope to researchers & engineers in this new when substituting the traditional drawing tools
interdisciplinary field. for CAD systems in engineering graphics
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