APA Style Guide 6 Edition 2010

APA Style Guide
6th Edition
2010
http://wmich.edu/library/guides/find/styleguides
• Examples are based on the APA Manual (6th ed.)

• Sources you are using for your research may differ substantially from these
examples.
• The APA Manual is available in most of the WMU Libraries reference
collections (BF76.7.P83) if you are not sure that you are citing a source
correctly.
• References items are listed alphabetically at the end of the research paper.
• In-text citations (also called parenthetical citations) appear in the body of
the paper and refer to items in the References list.
• Elements will vary according to the source you are citing. Here is a
basic list of elements you should have:
Books in Print Journals in Print Electronic Items
o Author o Author o D.O.I. (Digital Object
o Year of publication o Year of publication Identifier)
o Book title o Article Title o URL if no D.O.I
o Location of publication o Journal Title available
o Publisher o Journal Volume o No date of retrieval
o Journal Issue necessary
o Page numbers
Basic formatting for each type:
Book in Print:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title. City, State: Publisher. If each issue starts
with page 1, include
Article in Print: the issue number in
Author, A. A. (Year). Article title. Journal Title, v(i), page – page. parentheses.
Electronic Article with d.o.i:
Author, A. A. (Year). Article title. Journal Title, v(i), page – page. d.o.i: #
Electronic Article without d.o.i.:

Author, A. A. (Year). Article title. Journal Title. v(i), page-page. Retrieved from Journal homepage URL.
Tips for In-Text Citations

1. When you already mention an author in the text, cite only the date.
Ex: Langan states that libraries are wonderful places to study. (2009)
2. When you do not mention the author in the text, include author and date
in the citation. (Langan, 2009)
3. For in-text direct quotes, add page numbers: (Komisar, 1991, p.13)
Tip: You can use this site http://www.crossref.org/guestquery/ to double check
and see if there is d.o.i. associated with an article .
Book with One Author (7.02) Only use the initial

of the first name.
Reference:
Ross, S. G. (2009). The birth of feminism: Woman as intellect
in Renaissance Italy and England. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
In -Text: (Ross, 2009)
With 6 or more authors,

Book with Two to Five Authors (6.12) use the abbreviation et
Reference: al.
Ex: (Jones, et al., 2006)
Jones, D. M., & Smith, M. L. R. (2006). ASEAN and East
Asian international relations: Regional delusion. Cheltenham, UK:
Edward Elgar.
In-Text: (two authors): (Jones & Smith, 2006)
Electronic Book (7.02.19)

Pacek, N., & Thorniley, D. (2007). Emerging markets: Lessons for business success and the outlook for
different markets. Retrieved from http://common.books24x7.com. libproxy.library.wmich.edu/
book/id_22049/book.asp
In-text: (Pacek & Thorniley, 2007)
Editor name
Book Chapter (7.2.25)
Reference
Roll, W. P. (1976). ESP and memory. In J.M.O. Wheatley & H.L. Edge (Eds.),
Philosophical dimensions of parapsychology (pp. 154-184). Springfield, IL:
Chapter
author American Psychiatric Press.
In-Text: (Roll, 1976)
Encyclopedia Article (7.2.27)

Reference
Freeman, A., & Christner, R. (2005). Personality Disorders. In A. Freeman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of
cognitive behavior therapy (pp. 280- 285). New York: Springer.
In-Text: (Freeman, 2005)
Article title
Journal Article with One Author in Print (7.01)

Reference:
Arbuthnott, K. D. (2009). The representational locus of spatial influence on backward inhibition.

Memory & Cognition, 37, 552-558.
Journal Title
In-Text: (Arbuthnott, 2009)
Journal article read online with DOI (7.01.2)

Gaudio, J. L., & Snowdon, C. T. (2008). Spatial cues more salient than color cues in cotton-top
tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) reversal learning. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 122, 441-
444. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.122.4.441
In-text: (Gaudio & Snowden 2008)
Journal article read online without DOI (7.02.3)

Carter, S., & Dunbar-Odom, D. (2009). The converging literacies center: An integrated model for writing
programs. Kairos: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy, 14(1). Retrieved from
http://kairos.technorhetoric.net/
In-text: (Carter & Dunbar-Odom, 2009)
Journal Article Two or More Authors in Print (7.01)

Reference:
Smith, R. C., & Jones, L. (1991) The phenology of mesotrophic grassland in the Pennine Dales,
Northern England: Historic hay cutting dates, vegetation variation and plant species phenologies.
Journal of Applied Ecology, 28, 42-59.
In-Text (two authors): (Smith & Jones, 1991) List all of the
st
In-Text (three to five authors): (Smith, Jones, Adams, & Rock, 1994) authors in the 1
citation, then use
“et al.” for
subsequent
Magazine Article with One Author in Print (7.01.7) citations:
(Smith, et al.,
Reference: 1994)
Gibbs. N. (2009, November 30). Can these parents be saved? Time, 174(15),
55.
In-Text: (Gibbs, 2009)
Magazine Article with No Author in Print (6.15)

Reference:
If the article does
Dashboard. (2007, June 11) Time. 169(24), 20.
not have a D.O.I.,
In-Text: ("Dashboard," 2007) list the homepage
for the magazine.
Magazine article read through an online database (7.01.8)

Park, A. (2009, Sept. 14). A shot at cancer. Time, 174(10), 32-39. Retrieved from www.time.com
In-text: (Park, 2009)
Newspaper Article in Print (7.01.10)

Simm, R., & Hagerty, J. R. (2009, November 24). 1 in 4 borrowers under water. The Wall Street Journal,
pp. A1, A4.
In text: (Simm & Hagerty, 2009)
Newspaper Article Electronic
Chang, K. (2009, November 23). White House begins campaign to promote science and math
education. The New York Times. Retrieved
from http://www.nytimes.com Give the URL of the home
page to avoid nonworking
In text: (Chang, 2009) URLs and URL rot.
Newspaper Article with No Author (7.01.9)

Reference:
What’s news -. (2009, November 24). The Wall Street Journal, p. A1.
In-Text: ("What’s News -," 2009)
Dissertations
Reference:
Mulligan, T. P. (2009). The relationship of music preference and music function with coping in university
students. (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from Proquest Dissertations and Theses database.
(UMI No. 1876301581)
In-Text: (Mulligan, 2009) If it is a print dissertation,
include the University name.
Educational Resources Information Center Report (ERIC) from

ERIC.gov
Reference:
Gallup Rodriguez, A. (2009). Teaching grammar to adult English language learners: Focus on form.
CAELA Network Brief Center for Adult English Language Acquisition; Retrieved from ERIC
database. (ED505388). Retrieved from CSA ERIC database.
In-Text: (Gallup Rodriguez, 2009)
Websites
Reference:
MIT Comparative Media Studies (2009). Research initiatives. Retrieved from http://cms.mit.edu
In-Text: (“Research Initiatives”, 2009)
Tips for formatting the Reference List (7.23)
1. Start your References list on a new page at the end of the research paper.
2. Include page numbers and continue the pagination in the body of the paper.
3. Include the running head on the References page.
4. Center the word "References" at the top of the page.
5. List references alphabetically.
6. Double space all entries.
7. Use hanging-indent formatting in the reference list.
8. Capitalize only the first word of the title.
9. Include the D.O.I. number (digital object identifier number) when available.
References
Carter, S., & Odom, D. (2009). The converging literacies center: An integrated model for
writing programs. Kairos: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy, 14(1). Retrieved
from http://kairos.technorhetoric.net/
Dashboard. (2007, June 11) Time. 169(24), 20.
Freeman, A., & Christner, R. (2005). Personality disorders. In A. Freeman (Ed.),
Encyclopedia of cognitive behavior therapy (pp. 280- 285). New York: Springer.
Jones, D. M., & Smith, M. L. R. (2006). ASEAN and East Asian international relations:
Regional delusion. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Komisar, L. (1991). The new feminism. New York: Franklin Watts.
Mead, J. V. (1992). Looking at old photographs: Investigating the teacher tales that
novice teachers bring with them (Report No. NCRTL-RR-92-4). East Lansing, MI: National
Center for Research on Teacher Learning. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED.
346082).
Pacek, N., & Thorniley, D. (2007). Emerging markets: Lessons for business success and the outlook for
different markets. Retrieved from http://common.books24x7.com.libproxy.library.wmich.edu/
book/ id_22049/book.asp
Ross, S. G. (2009). The birth of feminism: Woman as intellect in Renaissance Italy and
England. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Smith, R. C., & Jones, L. (1991) The phenology of mesotrophic grassland in the Pennine Dales,
Northern England: Historic hay cutting dates, vegetation variation and plant species phenologies.
Journal of Applied Ecology, 28, 42-59.
Vanden, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by
psychology undergraduates. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123. Retrieved from
http://jbr.org/articles.html
What’s news -. (2009, November 24). The Wall Street Journal, p. A1.
kl, pv, akt 12/7/2009

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APA Style Guide

• Examples are based on the APA Manual (6th ed.)

Basic formatting for each type:

Electronic Article without d.o.i.:

Tips for In-Text Citations

Book with One Author (7.02) Only use the initial

With 6 or more authors,

Electronic Book (7.02.19)

Encyclopedia Article (7.2.27)

Journal Article with One Author in Print (7.01)

Arbuthnott, K. D. (2009). The representational locus of spatial influence on backward inhibition.

Journal article read online with DOI (7.01.2)

Journal article read online without DOI (7.02.3)

Journal Article Two or More Authors in Print (7.01)

Magazine Article with No Author in Print (6.15)

Magazine article read through an online database (7.01.8)

Newspaper Article in Print (7.01.10)

Newspaper Article Electronic

Newspaper Article with No Author (7.01.9)

Educational Resources Information Center Report (ERIC) from

Tips for formatting the Reference List (7.23)

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