Apa Citation

APA CITATION
General Rule for In-text Citation (Single Author)
The entire work (Author, year published)

A specific page (Author, year published, page #)
Using the authors name in a sentence Author (year published) claims that.
Author (year published, page #) claims that
An online source without a page (Author, year published, para. #)
1.1 Multiple Authors
If 1 Author (Author, year published)

If 2 Authors (Author1 & Author2, year
published)
If 3 or more Authors (Author1 et. al., year
published)
1.2 If without author/anonymous
When a work has no identified author, cite as previously identified by the author
the first two or three words of the reference (Language Use, 1991).
list entry (usually the article or book title)
followed by the year. (NOTE. Italicize the
title of the book)
1.3 Secondary sources
When a work mentions another previously As Villa [2nd author] points out, “Perhaps the
published work, acknowledge the author of conflict seems so strong because the stakes
the original work in your text, are so low” (as cited in Affleck et al.[original
author], 1996)
1.4 Personal Communication (Letter/Telegram)
If you use the subject’s name in the sentence L. J. Smith (personal communication,
itself: September 20, 2015) said it was the best
experience of her life.
If you do not use the subject’s name in the The research shows a considerable
sentence: improvement (A. N. Jones, personal
communication, March 18, 2016)
BOOKS
Example
DSM-5: Specific section (10.2, ex. 32) In text Citation:

(American Psychiatric Association, 2013)
References:
American Psychiatric Association. (2013).
Schizophrenia. In Diagnostic and statistical
manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.,
pp. 99-105).
2.1 Books by groups/institutional/corporate authors
Spell out the complete name of a In text Citation:

group/institutional author in the reference (Springhouse Corporation, 2002).
list. (Date). Title. Publisher
References
Springhouse Corporation. (2002). Assessment
made incredibly easy.
2.2 Entire Books with Editors
Use the abbreviation “Ed.” (or “Eds.” for In text Citation

more than one editor) in parentheses (Duncan & Brooks-Gunn, 1997).
References
Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.).
(1997). Consequences of growing up poor.
Russell Sage Foundation
2.3 Article or entry in a reference book / A chapter written by an author but book is edited by
another person
Author’s name. (Date). Title of chapter or In text Citation

entry. In Editor’s Name (Ed.), Title of book (Haybron, 2008)
(Vol. #, pp.#). Publisher.
References
Haybron, D. M. (2008). Philosophy and the
science of subjective well-being. In M. Eid &
R. J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective
well-being (pp. 17-43). Guilford Press.
2.4 For an entry without an author
Start with the article or chapter title. In text citation

(“Witchcraft trials,” 2003)
References
Witchcraft trials. (2003). In B. Steiger & S. H.
Steiger (Eds.), The Gale encyclopedia of the
unusual and unexplained (Vol. 2, pp. 99-108).
Gale.
PRINT JOURNALS, MAGAZINES, NEWSPAPERS
3.1 Articles in Scholarly Journals
Author’s last name, Author first initial, In text Citation:

Middle initial if avail. (Date). Article title. (Edmondson, 2002)
Periodical Title, Volume (Issue), pages.
References:
Edmondson, J. (2002). The will of the people.
The Reading Teacher, 55(5), 452-454.
3.2 Articles in Magazines

Middle initial if avail. (Date). Article title. (Cortese, 1998)
References:
Cortese, A. (1998, January 26). There’s more
than one way to play monopoly.
BusinessWeek, 3562(1), 36.
3.3 Articles in Newspapers

Middle initial if avail. (Date). Article title. (Haney, 1998).
References:
Haney, D. Q. (1998, February 20). Finding
eats at mystery of appetite. The Oregonian.
AUDIOVISUAL MEDIA
4.1 Single episode from television series
In text citations:
(Astrof et al., 1994)
References:
Astrof, J. & Ottesen, P. (Writers), & Burrows,
J. (Director). (1994, November 3). The one
with the blackout (Season 1, Episode 7)
[Television series episode]. In K. Bright, M.
Kauffman, & D. Crane (Executive producers),
Friends. Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc.
4.2 Non-fiction film (documentary)
In text citations:
(Thomas et al., 2006).
References:
Thomas, J. & McLaren, M. (Producers), & Linklater, R. (Director). (2006). Fast food nation
[DVD]. Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment
4.3 Motion Picture (feature film)
In text citations:
(Bissell et al., 2012)
References
Bissell, R., Collins, S., & Rosner-Meyer, L. (Executive producers) & Ross, G. (Director). (2012).
The hunger games [Motion picture]. Lionsgate.
4.4 TED Talk
In text citations:
(Gates, 2020)
References:
Gates, B. (2020, June). How the pandemic will shape the near future [Video]. TED
Conferences.
https://www.ted.com/talks/bill_gates_how_the_pandemic_will_shape_the_near_future
WEBSITES
5.1 Page from a website
In text citation:
(Hedges, 2020).
References
Hedges, C. (2020, June 2). The treason of the ruling class. Common Dreams.
https://www.commondreams.org/views/2020/06/02/treason-ruling-class
5.2 Page from Website (group author)
In text citation:
(National Alliance to End Homelessness, 2015).
References
National Alliance to End Homelessness. (2015, April 28). We’re demystifying data on
homelessness. https://endhomelessness.org/were-demystifying-data-onhomelessness/
5.3 Article from Online Journal
l (found on the Internet, not a library In text citation:

database) (10.1, ex. 1) Author(s). (Year of (Guanming & Chen, 2017).
publication). Title of article. Journal Title,
Volume Number(Issue Number), pages if References:
available. DOI. (If the DOI is not available, Guanming, R. & Chen, X. (2017). The impact
use the URL.) of top-down prediction on emotional face
processing in social anxiety. Frontiers in
Psychology, 8, 1269.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01269
5.4 Article from an Online magazine
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of In text citation:

article. Title of Magazine, Volume (Cahan & O’Grady, 2020).
Number(Issue Number), page(s). DOI. (If
the DOI is not available, use the URL.) References:
Cahan, E. & O’Grady, C. (2020, June 6).
Charities that fund research face deep revenue
declines. Science, 368(6498), 1412.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.368.6498.1412
Campbell, C. (2020, July, 2). China appears to

have tamed a second wave of coronavirus in
just 21 days with no deaths. Time.
https://time.com/5862482/china-
beijingcoronavirus-second-wave-covid19-
xinfadi/
5.5 Blogpost
Author(s). (Year of publication). Title. In text Citation:

Publisher. DOI if available. **Ebook format, (Walsh, 2009).
platform, or device (ex. Kindle) is not
included in the reference. References
Fishbein, R. (2020, June 29). Oh God, skip the
gym!!! Jezebel. https://jezebel.com/oh-
godskip-the-gym-1844212390
5.6 Ebook
Author(s). (Year of publication). Title. In text citation

Publisher. DOI if available. **Ebook format, (Walsh, 2009)
platform, or device (ex. Kindle) is not
included in the reference. References
Walsh, C. J. (2009). In the wake of the sun:
Navigating the southern works of Cormac
McCarthy. Newfound Press.
https://doi.org/10.7290/V7MW2F2T
5.7 Youtube Video
In text citation:
(The Jimmy Dore Show, 2020)
Refences:
The Jimmy Dore Show. (2020, June 4). “The ruling elite has lost all legitimacy”. w/Chris
Hedges. [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/_F94MMb0w6o
5.8 Facebook post
In text Citation
(Gennari, 2020).
References:
Gennari, J. (2020, Februrary 20). I might be less rich in 2020. [Status update]. Facebook.
http://bit.ly/2JXqPID
5.9 Instagram Photo or Video
In text citation:
(Gennari, 2020)
References
Gennari, J. [@jgennari]. (2020, February 20). Wealthy Pittsburgh man looks for meaning
[Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/BrpHjpFAs3A/
5.10 Twitter post
In text citation
(Halper, 2020)
Refences:
Halper, K. [@kthalps]. (2020, February 23). Who is this totally unhinged person who doesn’t
even realize she just shared a sick and sadistic fantasy [Tweet]. Twitter.
https://twitter.com/kthalps/status/1231618658377572353

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APA CITATION

General Rule for In-text Citation (Single Author)

The entire work (Author, year published)

1.1 Multiple Authors

If 1 Author (Author, year published)

1.2 If without author/anonymous

1.3 Secondary sources

1.4 Personal Communication (Letter/Telegram)

DSM-5: Specific section (10.2, ex. 32) In text Citation:

2.1 Books by groups/institutional/corporate authors

Spell out the complete name of a In text Citation:

2.2 Entire Books with Editors

Use the abbreviation “Ed.” (or “Eds.” for In text Citation

Author’s name. (Date). Title of chapter or In text Citation

Start with the article or chapter title. In text citation

PRINT JOURNALS, MAGAZINES, NEWSPAPERS

3.1 Articles in Scholarly Journals

Author’s last name, Author first initial, In text Citation:

3.2 Articles in Magazines

Author’s last name, Author first initial, In text Citation:

3.3 Articles in Newspapers

Author’s last name, Author first initial, In text Citation:

4.1 Single episode from television series

4.2 Non-fiction film (documentary)

4.3 Motion Picture (feature film)

4.4 TED Talk

5.1 Page from a website

5.2 Page from Website (group author)

5.3 Article from Online Journal

l (found on the Internet, not a library In text citation:

5.4 Article from an Online magazine

Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of In text citation:

Campbell, C. (2020, July, 2). China appears to

Author(s). (Year of publication). Title. In text Citation:

Author(s). (Year of publication). Title. In text citation

5.7 Youtube Video

5.8 Facebook post

5.10 Twitter post

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