Research Guide

EFFECTS OF FISH FERTILIZER 1
The Effect of Fish Gills Fertilizer on the Growth
of Tomato Plant
An Experimental Research Paper
Presented to the Senior High School Department of
St. Augustine Academy of Bayawan Inc.
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in
Capstone Research
Presented by:
Leonor, Kayle Ck F.
Abjelina, Gerald Joe Q.
Caingcoy, Ed Orlan A.
Caducoy, Honey Dorie M.
Gotladera, Greanne Lymar F.
Tumimbang, Rialven S.
March 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE………………………………………………………………………….1
APPROVAL SHEET………………………………………………………………….4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………….5
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES………………………………………………….6
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………7
CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND………………………8-15
The Problem and its Scope……………………………………………………...8-10
Rationale………………………………………………………………………...11
Significance of the Study………………………………………………………..11
Scope and Limitations of the Study……………………………………………..13-14
Operational Definition of Terms………………………………………………...14-15
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE…………………………...16-22
Review of Related Literature……………………………………………………16-21
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework……………………………………………...21
Theoretical/Conceptual Diagram…………………………………………………22
CHAPTER III: METHOD AND PROCEDURES……………………………………23-33
Research Design………………………………………………………………….23
Research Subjects………………………………………………………………...23
Materials and Equipment…………………………………………………………23-24
Research Procedure……………………………………………………………….24-29
Statistical Treatment of Data……………………………………………………...29
CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA…...34-38
Results of the Study……………………………………………………………….34-38
CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS……..39-41
Restatement of the Problem………………………………………………………..39
Summary of Findings………………………………………………………………39-40
Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………40
Recommendations…………………………………………………………………..41
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………..42-43
APPENDICES………………………………………………………………………44
Appendix C- Receipts of Purchases…………………………………………44
CURRICULUM VITAE…………………………………………………………..45-50
St. Augustine Academy of Bayawan, Inc.

AUGUSTINIAN RECOLLECT SISTERS
National Highway, Brgy. Ubos, Bayawan City, Negros Oriental 6221
A.Y. 2018-2019
APPROVAL SHEET
This research study entitled The Effect of Fish Gills Fertilizer on the Growth of
Tomato Plant prepared by Leonor, Kayle Ck F., Abjelina, Gerald Joe Q., Caingcoy, Ed Orlan
A., Caducoy, Honey Dorie M., Gotladera, Greanne Lymar F., Tumimbang, Rialven S. in partial
fulfillment of the subject Practical Research 12 has been examined, recommended, and approved
for oral examination.
RESEARCH COMMITTEE
MR. IRWIN B. INGAN, RN MRS. MIRASOL A. MORONES
Member Member
MS. NHEZAN AMOR GELERA

Member
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of _____
MR. IRWIN B. INGAN, RN MRS. MIRASOL A. MORONES

Member Member
MS. NHEZAN AMOR GELERA

Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the subject CAPSTONE and
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 12.
SR. CELERINA C. HIFARVA, A.R.

School Principal
Acknowledgement
We thank all who somehow contributed in the completion of this research. To start with,
we offer gratitude to God for insurance and capacity to do work.
Massive thanks to our Research Adviser Mr. Irwin B. Ingan, for giving us some
informations with research and for teaching us the workings of the statistical aspect of our
research including important points in our research endeavor.
We also thank our Parents who energized and gave their support throughout the time of
my research.
Loads of thanks go to our group leader Kayle Ck F. Leonor and my fellow research
groupmate Rialven S. Tumimbang, for their constant encouragement during the research
period. We also congratulate the members of our team for being helpful in the betterment of our
research.
May the Almighty God bless all of you.

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Figures Pages
Figure 1 Conceptual Framework……………………………………………21
Figure 2 Materials used in Preparation……………………………………..23-24
Figure 3 Shows the set-ups preparation for germinating period……………25
Figure 4 Preparation of Fish Fertilizer……………………………………..26
Figure 5 Preparation of set-up……………………………………………..27
Figure 6 Adding of Treatments to set-ups…………………………………28
Tables
Table 1 Shows the data collected regarding Setup A Number of leaves with treatment
Table 2 Shows the data collected regarding Setup B Number of leaves without treatment
Table 3 Shows the data collected regarding Setup A height of leaves with treatment
Table 4 Shows the data collected regarding Setup B height of leaves witthout treatment
Table 5 Shows the mean results of the number of leaves
Table 6 Shows the mean of all the measurements of Tomato plant from with treatment
and without treatment in height.
Table 7 Shows the data gathered regarding with the number of leaves from 1 week of
observing
Table 8 Shows the data gathered regarding with the number of leaves and height of
tomato with treatment from 1 week of observing.
Table 9 Shows the mean results of all the setups of tomato with treatment and without
treatments.
ABSTRACT
The study entitled “The Effect of Fish Gills Fertilizer on the Growth of Tomato Plant”
conducted by the researchers expected to decide the distinction in development of tomato in
terms of height, number of leaves and number of discolored leaves among the Fish Fertilizer.
Results do not represent the general population because of a few variables which are to be
considered.
The study uses the scientific or experimental method of research. The fertilizer is
prepared through fermentation. In fermenting the fish gills one kilo of sugar and stored for 4-5
days in a container. The individual height, number of leaves and number of discolored leaves
was measured and counted consequently. Data was then tabulated and analyzed using statistics.
`Statistics uncovered that fish fertilizers produced the best plants in terms of its height,
number of leaves and number of discolored leaves. It is also found out that the fish fertilizer may
be a substitute to commercial fertilizer. The researchers also recommend the use of fish fertilizer
in growing tomato.
Chapter I
The Problem and Its Scope
Introduction
A. Background of the Study
Climate change is currently one of the primary driver of monetary and ecological
issues in our nation today. As an impact of this wonder, horticulture ended up one of the broadly
influenced parts. An abatement in the quantity of yield is caused by intemperate warmth and
drying of grounds amid the dry season and an excessive amount of precipitation amid the wet
season. Subsequently, ranchers meant to utilize inorganic manures to support plant obstruction
and to give yield quicker than the ordinary or normal time cycle. As expressed by Dogra (2010),
the fundamental preferred standpoint of inorganic manures over natural composts is that they can
be utilized to safeguard biting the dust plants. This is on account of the supplements show in
them are effortlessly consumed by the plants and dissimilar to the supplements introduce in
natural manures; don't should be broken into essential supplements for assimilation of plants.
Tomato, also known as Solanum Lycopersicum, is one of the local vegetables that enable
to penetrate retail sector as well as export market. One of the global issues that our country is
facing right now is climate change, not only our country but also the whole world. The current
and predicted pattern of global climate change are also a major concern especially agriculture
and it is a major threat for biodiversity and ecosystem function (Lepetz et al., 2009). In the pass
century, climate change is the result from emission of greenhouse gases. The effects of climate
change affects all levels of life. One of the sectors is agriculture, which is sensitive to global
warming and it contributes to global warming. Results such as decrease in the number of yield is
caused by extreme heat and drought due to dry season and also too much rainfall during wet
season. As a result, using inorganic fertilizers boost plants resistance and its yield in order to
provide faster than the normal or the natural time cycle. As stated by Dogra (2010), the main
advantage of inorganic fertilizers over organic fertilizers is that they can be used to rescue dying
plants. It is because of the nutrients present and is easily absorbed by the plants and unlike
nutrients present in organic fertilizers don’t need to be broken into primary nutrients for
absorption of plants.
It is well known that components of inorganic fertilizers boost the nutrient content of the
soil for the plant to gather more nutrients from the soil which will be used for its growth.
Inorganic fertilizers cause the erosion of the original soil as characterized by low pH level as
well as deficiency of some important nutrients (Zhong and Cai, 2007). One of the known organic
fertilizer is the fermented fruit juice of papaya. Organic fertilizers are fertilizers that are mainly
composed of organic or natural fertilizers such as manure and potash. Organic fertilizers are
composed of anything biodegradable that is found in nature, which releases nutrients as it
decays. (van Haute,2007)
Natural composts contain an assortment of plant-got materials that range from new or
dried plant material to creature fertilizers and litters to rural side-effects (Wohlfarth and
Schroeder, 1979; Das and Jana, 2003; Kumar et al., 2004). The supplement substance of natural
composts differs extraordinarily among source materials, and promptly biodegradable materials
improve supplement sources. Nitrogen and phosphorus content is lower, frequently generously
lower, in natural manures contrasted with compound composts. Dampness content is another
factor that decreases or weakens the nitrogen and phosphorus convergences of natural composts.
Consequently, it can be taken a toll inadequate to transport high-dampness natural compost long
separations. In any case, utilization of locally accessible sources is impeccably sensible if its
utilization is reliable with the creation procedure. Supplement estimation of creature excrements
is more factor than that of rural side-effects. The creature's eating regimen, the utilization and
kind of sheet material, compost age, and how it was put away are factors that influence
excrement supplement esteem; these variables can change occasionally on and among ranches,
and provincially or on a bigger geographic scale. Interestingly, supplement substance of farming
side-effects is less factor yet can be influenced by the modern procedure used to deliver the side-
effect. Be that as it may, it generally is prudent to logically decide the supplement substance of
the natural compost. Another known natural manure is the fish gills emulsion. Fish gills
emulsion is a sticky think produced using a mix of saltwater angle. It contains around 5%
Nitrogen. What's more, it has a little however huge measure of follow components and a lot of
fish oil. (van Haute, 2007).

Statement of the Problem
Generally, this study aims to determine if there is a difference in the growth response of
tomato to fish fertilizer.
1. Is there a significant difference in the growth of tomato plants in terms of:
1.1 the height of the plant; and
1.2 it’s number of leaves
2. Is there a significant difference in the growth of tomato plants using fish fertilizer?
Significance of the Study
This study aims to identify the Growth Response of Tomato to Fish Fertilizer as Organic
Fertilizer. It intends to conclude the effectiveness of the different treatments. This research will
be a significant endeavor to the following:
Farmers- They are the main recipient of this examination since this is extremely valuable in
their field of skill. This would realize out conceivable outcomes and perhaps enhance their
strategy for developing. In numerous terms and ways, this could be fundamental in making their
work more beneficial.
Department of Agriculture- The Department doled out under the farming most particularly the
DA would enormously profit this since this is to be sure an extraordinary help in their
horticultural obligations. Given the shot that this examination would be fruitful, they would have
the capacity to elevate this to the agriculturists.

Students- The result of the study enables the student and pupils to identify which of the different
treatments is more effective in growing a tomato plant. Students would likewise profit this
examination for they will have prior knowledge on the field of farming.
Teachers- This would be greatly beneficial to educators when talking about field agriculture.
This would serve as a basis of whatever result will research bring.
Community- The researchers would like to add to the information in the horticultural field of
our locale and additionally our nation. This may likewise remain as the extension of the nationals
to join hand-to-hand to expand their pay and in addition to accomplish a sound living through the
nourishment they eat and the soul of collaboration among them.
Future Researchers- They may benefit from the study on how to make an effective fertilizer by
using simple materials. It may also serve as a guide and help them in their own research. This
would be a flawless guide and reason for the individuals who are on plans completing a scientific
research.
Scope of the Study
This study is conducted at St. Augustine Academy of Bayawan Inc. situated in Barangay
Ubos, few meters for the core of Bayawan City. This research is led on the period of June-
December 2018. Factors such as, water, fish fertilizer are factors the researcher watched for the
development of solanum lycopersicum (tomato).
Limitations of the Study
Indeed, even with the accessibility of materials and sources, Time is a main factor to be
considered in the achievement of this examination. Time is constantly basic with the need to
adjust accessible time for the achievement of the exploration is diverse fields.
The impact on the advancement of solanum lycopersicum is limited to three
determinants, the plant height (cm), number of leaves and dead leaves. This is because of the
absence of time and different assets as said previously.
Time Frame
Tomato seeds are given a span of 5-10 days assigned for germination period. After
germination period, consistent execution of test will be done to check if which is a superior
choice for natural cultivating it would be either the utilization of fish compost and matured
organic product juice of papaya or without. In this span, all the plant's necessities are given and
checked ordinary. Toward the finish of a week’s length, the test is required to bring significant
differences.
Hypotheses
If the tests are done correctly, several hypotheses are expected upon its accomplishment.
Its success will be specify if this research will meet any of the following:
1. There is difference among the treatments in terms of;
a. Height of the plant
b. Number of leaves
2. There is a difference among the treatments in terms of:
a. Height of the plant
b. Number of leaves
Operational Definition of Terms
Agriculture- is the cultivation of land and other products to sustain and enhance life.
Climate Change- is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change
lasts for an extended period of time, it may refer to a change in weather conditions.
Effective- in this study, it is defined as capability to enhance the plant grow fast.
Fertilizer- it is any material of natural that is applied to soil to plant tissues to supply one or
more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.
Fermentation- in this study, it is the process of fermentation of fish gills in which it is converted
as an organic fertilizer.
Fish Gills- A colloidal mixture of fish gills and other parts of the fish.
Growth- this refers to the development of Tomato including its height and number of leaves.
Height- it is the measurement of a vertical distance. It is one of the variable measured in the
study.
Leaves- it determines the physiological age of the plant. It is also a variable measured in the
study.
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
Related Literature
Tomato is the most prominent vegetable on the world in light of its taste, shading and
high nutritive esteem and furthermore for its expanded utilize. In the tremendous and intriguing
history of product development, before the beginning of the twentieth century, there is little
inquiry that crafted by Charles Darwin and Gregor Mendel made the logical establishment for
plant reproducing that prompted its touchy effect over the previous 150 years (Aziz, 2009).
Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) is one of the essential "defensive sustenances" both as a result
of its exceptional nutritive esteem and across the board generation. It is the world's biggest
vegetable yield after potato and sweet potato, yet it tops the rundown of canned vegetables (Babu
et al., 2004). The Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato) has been a decent model plant to examine
plant pathogen cooperations and its prospects for what's to come are promising. Tomato is one of
the most well known vegetables worldwide be that as it may; its development has been
constrained by an inexhaustible assault of pathogens. To build up successful control techniques;
investigation of tomato pathogen connections are critical (Tsutomu et al., 2007).
Fish Amino Acid (FAA) as we all know is one of the most promising biofertilizer used
in organic agriculture. It was made fermenting fish by-products using sugar. This literary work
was made to provide deeper understanding to this concoction. HISTORY The Native Americans
(16th century) showed the pilgrims how to use “fish fertilizer” for growing their corns
(indianriverorganics.com/history). And Levine (1987) said that there’s sufficient evidence that
Indians did manure their fields with fish. Records shows that the term “fish emulsion” was
already used just before 1950s and it can be considered as the earliest form of Fish Amino Acid
(Hawaii Orchid Society, 1949). One of the first records of fish emulsion as a subject for organic
agriculture research was conducted by Buma (1977). USDA Study Team on Organic Farming
(1980) enlisted fish emulsion as part of organic farming. Wyatt and McGourty (1990) classified
different forms of fish emulsions and one is "composted by-products", defined as a relatively
new method of treating marine by-products with a bulking agents and requires addition of some
water. The new method of making fish emulsion was done by adding water to fish craps and
fermenting it for several weeks, the problem was the odor it produces.
(ECHOcomunity.org,1990). Cho and Koyama (1997) made the first literary work that used the
term “Fish Amino Acid” or FAA. It was a part of Korean Natural Farming method that is
invented by Cho Han Kyu in 1960s. HOW TO MAKE This is the formula made by Cho Han
Kyu that was written by Reddy (2011). First fish is cut into pices and put in a clay pot or plastic
jar add sugar or molasses of an equal amount (1:1 weight ratio). Fill the jar up to 2/3 of its
volume. Cover the opening of jar with a mosquito net. The meat will ferment in 7 to 10 days. In
the presence of fat on surface of the solution, put 2 to 3 tea spoons of IMO-3 to dissolve the fat.
Extract the solution and use the liquid to crops. It is stated that the concoction must be preserve
in a temperature ranging 23 to 25oC and must kept away from direct sunlight. FAA must be
mixed with water in 1:1000 ratio, and can be applied on foliage or soil. Weinart et al.,(2014) of
University of Hawaii published their own method of preparing FAA. First fish waste is collected
(head, bones, skin, fins, viscera) Weigh the fish waste and mix with an equal amount of brown
sugar. Select a fermentation container and place a layer of large rocks at the bottom. Place a
layers of fish by-product and brown sugar mixture on the rock layer and cover with more brown
sugar until container is full. IMO#4 and a little Oriental Herbal Nutrients (OHN) is added to
fasten the fermentation process. Cover the container with a breathable cloth to keep out insects
but allow aeration, and store out of direct sunlight in a cool, well- ventilated location secured
from animals. After approximately 3 to 5 days, the fish waste will begin to break down and
liquefy through fermentation and the osmotic pressure generated by the addition of brown sugar.
However, the process takes 2 to months to complete, producing mature FAA that is ready to use.
FAA, when completely fermented, will have a sweet, slightly fishy odor. Decant or pour off only
the liquid portion from the fermentation container to use as FAA. The remaining solids can be
used to make IMO#5 or placed in your compost pile. Do not apply FAA if plants are at the
reproductive stages of their production cycle when flowering or fruiting is desired. FAA is also
diluted with water (1:1,000)
Related Studies
The use of chemical fertilizers and organic manure has both positive and negative effects
on plant growth and the soil. Chemical fertilizers are relatively inexpensive, have high nutrient
contents, and are rapidly taken up by plants. However, the use of excess fertilizer can result in a
number of problems, such as nutrient loss, surface water and groundwater contamination, soil
acidification or basification, reductions in useful microbial communities, and increased
sensitivity to harmful insects (ChenChen JH. 2006.) The combined use of chemical and organic
fertilizers and/or biofertilizer for crop growth and soil fertility. Proceedings of International
Workshop on Sustained Management of the Soil-Rhizosphere System for Efficient Crop
Production and Fertilizer Use.
A study on tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) and corn (Zea mays) in acidic soil by
Murmu et al. (2013Murmu K, Swain DK, Ghosh BC. 2013.) Comparative assessment of
conventional and organic nutrient management on crop growth and yield and soil fertility in
tomato-sweet corn production system. Aust J Crop Sci. 7(11):1617–1626. ) found that organic
manure increases crop productivity, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and soil health compared to
chemical fertilizer. Most studies in agricultural fields have reported that the mixed use of
chemical fertilizer and organic manure decreases the damage that can be induced by chemical
fertilizers and improves crop productivity.
According to El-tarabily, Nassar, Hardy, and Sivasithamparan (2002) conducted a
research on commercial fish emulsion, and they found presence of rhizobacterias that were
capable of producing Plant Growth Regulators (PGR) and how fish emulsion can be used as a
nutrient base for this beneficial microorganism. They said that fish emulsion was able to support
growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus) in a sandy soil as effectively as an applied
inorganic fertilizer. Abassi, Lazarovits and Jabaji-Hare (2009) detected major organic acids in
fish emulsion, including some known toxicants such as glycolic, acetic, formic, n-butyric and
propionic acids. They concluded that fish emulsion’s organic acids played a major role in
pathogen or disease suppresion in fish emulsion. Abassi (2011) said that FE is an excellent
model system for development of an organic amendment as fertilizer with disease suppresing
effects. As a pre-plant soil amendment, Fe does have suppresing capabilities against damping-off
and can reduce potato scab. It can also protect eggplants from verticillium wilt and increase
biomass. And lastly, reduce bacterial spot on tomatoes and peppers and increase fruit yield.
Ngaloy (2013) studies revealed no improvements attributed to the inclusion of FAA in terms of
initial weight, final weight, gain in weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, feed cost
per kilogram gain in weight and dressing percentage of the broiler chickens. DISADVANTAGE
There are still chemicals used in making commercial fish emulsions. This is based on an
interview with Bill Ginn, marketing coordinator of Alaska Fish Fertilizer. The reason is that
these chemicals are used as additive (for example the prevention of exploding bottles). And if
1% by weight of fish emulsion is synthetic, it still can be considered as Natural Organic.
(http://www.rainyside.com/resources/fishfert.html) Organic fish emulsion fertilizers are
sometimes problematic because they may contain high levels of mercury
(organicconsumers.org/old_articles/foodsafety/fertilizer062303.php) RESOURCES El-Tarabily,
K.A., Nassar, A. h., Hardy, G. E. St. J., and Sivasithamparam, K. (2003). Fish emulsion as a food
base for rhizobacteria promoting growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus) in a sandy
soil. Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Abbasi, P. A., Lazarovits, G., and Jabaji-Hare,
S. (2009). Detection of high concentrations of organic acids in fish emulsion and their role in
pathogen or disease suppression. Phytopathology 99:274-281. Hawaii Orchid Society (1949).
Hawaii Orchid Society Yearbook 1949. Retrieved from Buma, D. R. (1977) CONTAINER
PLANTS: A COMPARISON OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS. Newark,
Delaware. University of Delaware USDA Study Team on Organic Farming (1980). REPORT
AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON ORGANIC FARMING. Washington, USA. United States
Department of Agriculture Levine, R. (1987). Indiane, conservation, and george bird grinnell.
American Studies, 28(2), 41- 55. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40642210 Abassi,
P. A. (2011). Exploiting and Understanding Disease Suppressing Effects of Fish Emulsion for
Soil-borne and Foliar Diseases. Ontario, Canada. Global Sciences Books. Wyatt, Bruce and
McGourty, Glenn (1990). Use of Marine By-products on Agricultural Crops. Anchorage, Alaska.
Alaska Sea Grant Program ECHOcommunity.org(1990). FERTILIZERS. Retrieved from Cho,
Han Kyu and Koyama, Atsushi (1997). Korean Natural Farming: Indigenous Microorganisms
and Vital Power of Crop/Livestock. Korea. Korean Natural Farming Reddy, Rohini (2011).
Cho's Global Natural Farming. Tirupati, India. South Asia Rural Reconstruction Association
Weinert, E. , Miller, S.A., Ikeda, D. M., Chang, K. C. S., McGinn, J. M., and DuPonte, M. W.
(2014). Natural Farming: Fish Amino Acid. Manoa, Hawaii. College of Tropical Agriculture and
Human Resources.
Theoretical Framework
GROWTH FACTORS
Fish
Fertilizer
TOMATO GROWTH
*growth increase of plant (cm)
*number of leaves in each plant
Figure 1. Relationship of Tomato to Fish Fertilizer and Fermented Juice of Papaya and its Effect
The effects of organic fertilizer to plants it can help improve the soil quality by amending
it with the nutrients it may lack. It helps boost the soil’s reserves of elements essential to the
healthy growth and development of plants. With the use of fish fertilizer it can improve the
growth of plants and sprouts by providing them with the essential nutrients to promote healthy
leaves and roots.

Chapter III
Research Methodology
Research Design
This study used experimental research pre and post test method in determining significant
difference of the Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) on different setups: Set-up A- without
treatment of fish fertilizer; Set-up B- with treatment of fish fertilizer. The growth difference will
be determined with the plant height (cm) and number of leaves by the use of two tail t-test.
Research Subjects
This study involve will involve tomato see which has a total of 20 samples. These seeds
will be purchased in any market. The seeds are planted on a small black pots which has 250
grams of soil. Also, the researchers will be using fish gills emulsion as the organic fertilizer for
the Setup A which has treatment, while the Setup B will have no treatmment.
Materials/Equipment
The following materials/equipment that were used throughout the research: a.) syringe,
b.) tomato seeds c.) black pots d.) soil e.) sugar, funnel and empty bottles and f.) yakult
a. Syringe b. tomato seeds c. black pots
d. soil f. yakult
e. sugar, funnel and empty
bottles
Figure 2. Materials used in preparation
Procedure
A. Making of the Materials
Before all the real experiment has begun, the researchers prepared all the necessary
materials and equipment needed for research. First, it would be planted in a seed box and
then, the soil was weighed by 250 grams, Tomato seeds were bought at the market and
would be given 3-4 days to germinate.
a.) Planting the seeds in the seed box b.) Weighing of the soil
Figure 3. Shows the set-ups preparation for germination period
B. Formulation of Fertilizer
For the fish gills emulsion, one kilo of fish gills was weighed, and 1/4 kilo of sugar,
and three bottles of Yakult was added after the fish gills was juiced. When the texture has
been obtained, it was put into a piece of plastic for it to be sealed. The mixture was stored
into the gallon. Once the slimy texture has been obtained, it was then put into a piece of
plastic enough to enclose it. The fish fertilizer was given 3-4 days to ferment.
. F i g u r e 4 .
a. Prepare all the needed b. After mixing c. Store it for 4-5 days
materials the sugar with for fermentation.
water, mix it to
the fish gills.
Preparation of Fish Fertilizer
C. Preparation of Set-ups
This study had 2 Set-ups. The set-ups were as follows:

Set-up A: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) with no treatment
Set-up B: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) with Fish Fertilizer
Figure 5. Preparation of Set-up
D. Adding of Treatments to Setups
10 pots will be filled with vermicast soil with 250 grams of soil each pot. Each setup will
be tagged, the one without treatment of Fish Fertilizer is Setup A, and the other 10 with the
treatment will be Setup B. The other setup will be given 1.5 ml of Fish Fertilizer each plant. Both
setups will be given the same amount of water 2 ml per pot. It is only watered twice per day to
avoid dehydration.
a. Applying treatment (fish fertilizer) b. Applying water (without treatment)
Figure 6. Adding of treatments to Set-ups.
E. Collection of Data
To gather data, 2 setups were made for 10 pots with 6 seeds each, a total of
120 tomato seedlings. Each Set-up were measured through their height (cm) to
determine their growth and number of leaves.
d.1 Determination of Height of Tomato (solanum lycopersicum)
The researchers used a ruler in measuring the height of the Tomato with
10 plants each pot, a total of 20 plants in all set up. The researchers carefully
measured the tallest leaf in each pot.

d.2 Determination of the Number of Tomato leaves (Solanum lycopersicum)
The researchers would manually and carefully count the number of tomato
leaves with 10 pots, a total of 20 plants in the total set up.
All the data collected will be computed and its weighted mean per pot and
setup will be taken down for data analysis and the use of Pre and Post Test using
t-Test: Two-Sample assuming equal variances.
F. Statistical Treatment of Data
The treatment was used Pre and Post Test to describe the data as computed based on the
two set ups.
The formula to find the sample mean is:
X =( ∑ x i ) / n.
Two tail-t test of the plants.
A two-tailed test is a statistical test in which the critical area of distribution is
two-sided and tests whether a sample is greater than or less than certain range of values.
If the sample is being tested falls into either of the critical areas, the alternative
hypothesis is accepted instead of the null hypothesis (Kenton, 2018).
The Analysis Tool Pack of Microsoft Excel 2010 was used to process and
evaluate the data collected.

B. Flowchart
Collection and Preparation of Materials and Setup
Planting the seed in every pot
Finalizing school setup
Set-up A: Tomato plants with treatment Set-up B: Tomato plants without

treatment
Gathering of Data
Number of leaves Height of growth
Statistical Analysis
Observation of the Experiment
Everyday, the plants are checked for any progress after the experiment. After the
germination, the plant will be estimated by its height and number of leaves. It will be taken down
and kept for future assessment. Prior to continuing, the measure of resources given to plants will
be checked to guarantee that there is equivalent supply of supplements for the two plants.
Table 1
Setup A Number of tomato leaves with treatment
Set A (With Treatment)

Trial 1 Trial 2 Mean
Plant 1 6 8 7
Plant 2 0 5 2.5
Plant 3 5 0 2.5
Plant 4 0 11 5.5
Plant 5 6 0 3
Plant 6 5 9 7
Plant 7 4 9 6.5
Plant 8 0 0 0
Plant 9 0 8 4
Plant 10 6 11 8.5
Table 1. shows the data gathered regarding the number of leaves of Tomato with
treatment for 1 week. All the replicate from each pot are seen to have a different number of
leaves throughout a week. All the data from pots are solved in 1 week to get the mean
Table 2
Setup B Number of tomato leaves without treatment
Set A (Without Treatment)

Trial 1 Trial 2 Average
Plant 1 0 0 0
Plant 2 5 4 4.5
Plant 3 2 4 3 Table
Plant 4 0 0 0
Plant 5 4 0 2 2
Plant 6 0 4 2
Plant 7 2 0 1 shows
Plant 8 0 5 2.5
Plant 9 2 0 1
Plant 10 0 2 1
the data gathered regarding the number of leaves of Tomato without treatment for 1 week. All
the replicate from each pot are seen to have a different number of leaves throughout a week. All
the data from pots are solved in 1 week to get the mean.
Table 3
Set up A height of tomato plant (cm) with treatment
Set A (With Treatment)

Plant 1 13.5 14.3 13.9
Plant 2 0 14.7 7.35
Plant 3 13.2 0 6.6
Plant 4 0 14.4 7.2
Plant 5 13.3 0 6.65
Plant 6 13.6 14.8 14.2
Plant 7 13.8 14.6 14.2
Plant 8 0 0 0
Plant 9 0 14.2 7.1
Plant 10 13.7 14.5 14.1
Table 3. shows the data gathered regarding from the height of tomato plant with
treatment from 1 week. All the replicate from each plant are seen to be persistently developing
and picking up range from 1 week of observing. All the data from pots are solved in 1 week to
get the mean.
Table 4
Set B (Without Treatment)


Plant 1 0 0 0
Plant 2 11.3 12.3 11.8
Plant 3 11.4 12.7 12.05
Plant 4 0 0 0
Plant 5 11.2 0 5.6
Plant 6 0 12.4 6.2
Plant 7 11.7 0 5.85
Plant 8 0 12.5 6.25
Plant 9 11.5 0 5.75
Plant 10 0 12.3 6.15
Table 4 shows that the data gathered regarding from the height of tomato plant without
treatment from 1 week. All the replicate from each plant are seen to be persistently developing
and picking up range from 1 week of observing. All the data from pots are solved in 1 week to
get the
CHAPTER IV
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

Table 5
Mean results of the number of leaves
(With Treatment) (Without Treatment)

7 0
2.5 4.5
2.5 3
5.5 0
3 2
7 2
6.5 1
0 2.5
4 1
8.5 1
T-Test using Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variance on the number of leaves of Tomato plant
Variabl Variabl
e1 e2
Mean 4.65 1.7
Variance 7.11388 1.95555
9 6
Observations 10 10
Pooled Variance 4.53472
2
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
Df 18
t Stat 3.09764
5
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.00310
6
t Critical one-tail 1.73406
4
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.00621
1
t Critical two-tail 2.10092
2
Table 5. shows the mean of all the pots from both setups with treatment and without treatment
regarding of the number of leaves in Tomato plant. It shows that the t critical one-tail is 1.73 and
the t stat is 3.09 with a df of 18. Based on the results showed by the T-test, since the t Stat is
greater than the t Critical the null is rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis, which means
that there is significance difference in the number of leaves of Tomato plant with treatment and
without treatment.
Table 6
Mean results of height in Tomato plant
(With Treatment) (Without Treatment)
13.9 0
7.35 11.8
6.6 12.05
7.2 0
6.65 5.6
14.2 6.2
14.2 5.85
0 6.25
7.1 5.75
14.1 6.15
T-Test using Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variance on the height of Tomato plant
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 9.13 5.965
Variance 22.86511111 15.84447222
Observations 10 10
Hypothesized Mean 0
Difference
Df 18
t Stat 1.608660752
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.062544345
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.12508869
Table 6 shows the mean of all the pots from both setups with treatment and without
treatments regarding with the height of Tomato plant. It shows that the t critical one tail is 1.73
and the t stat is 1.60 with a df of 18. Based on the results showed by the T-test, since the t critical
is greater that the t Stat, the null accepted in favor of the alternative hypothesis, which means that
there is no significant difference between the height of Tomato plant with treatment and without
treatment.
Table 7
Without Treatment
Number of leaves Height of tomato
0 0 0
4.5 11.8 8.15
3 12.05 7.525
0 0 0
2 5.6 3.8
2 6.2 4.1
1 5.85 3.425
2.5 6.25 4.375
1 5.75 3.375
1 6.15 3.575
Table 7. shows the data gathered regarding with the number of leaves and height of tomato
without treatment from 1 week of observing.

Table 8
With Treatment
Number of leaves Height of leaves
7 13.9 10.45
2.5 7.35 4.925
2.5 6.6 4.55
5.5 7.2 6.35
3 6.65 4.825
7 14.2 10.6
6.5 14.2 10.35
0 0 0
4 7.1 5.55
8.5 14.1 11.3
Table 8. Shows the data gathered regarding with the number of leaves and height of tomato with
treatment from 1 week of observing.
Table 9
Mean results of all the setups of tomato with treatment and without treatments.
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 3.8325 6.89
Variance 6.940006944 13.44641667
Observations 10 10
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
Df 18
t Stat 2.141390855
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.023087664
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.046175328
Table 9. shows that t Critical one tail is 1.73 and the t Stat is 2.14 with a df of 18. Based on the
results showed by the t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances, since the t Stat is greater
that the t Critical one-tail the null is rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis, which means
that there is significance difference in the plant growth of Tomato plants in favor of with
treatment. Levine (1987) said that there’s sufficient evidence that Indians did manure their fields
with fish. Records shows that the term “fish emulsion” was already used just before 1950s and it
can be considered as the earliest form of Fish Fertilizer (Hawaii Orchid Society, 1949).
CHAPTER V
Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendation

Restatement of the Problem
This research means to survey if utilizing fish fertilizer would bring significant effects on
the development of tomato (solanum lycopersicum). Specifically, it sought to answer the
following:
1. What are the significant effects of fish fertilizer in terms of:
1.1 height of tomato plant
1.2 number of leaves; and
Answering every one of these inquiries would result to accomplishment of the whole research
attempt. Questions above would fill in as a guide in this procedure of inquiry.
Summary of Findings
1. Significant effects of fish fertilizer in terms of:
1.1 The t Critical two-tail is 2.10 and the t Stat is 1.60 with a df of 18. Based on
the results showed by the T-test, the t Critical is greater than the t Stat.
1.2 The t Critical two-tail is 2.10 and the t Stat is 3.09 with a df of 18. Based on
the results showed by the T-test, the t Critical is lesser than the t Stat.
 The t Critical two-tail is 2.10 and the t Stat is 2.14 with a df of 18 . Based on the results
showed by the T-test, the t Stat is greater than the t Critical.

Conclusion
After a couple weeks of finishing the tests and observing the whole experiment, this research has
finally reached its conclusion. It answers all the problems that this research is aiming to answer;
1. Significant effect of fish fertilizer in terms of:
1.1 There is no significant difference between the height of Tomato plant with treatment
and without treatment.
1.2 There is a significant difference in the number of leaves of Tomato plant with
treatment and without treatment
2. Significant difference in the growth of tomato plants using fish fertilizer?
 There is significant difference in the plant growth of Tomato plants in favor of with
treatment.
Recommendations
The success of this research will perhaps get various conceivable outcomes in the field of
farming and would be valuable to the following:
Farmers. The researchers prescribe to utilize fish fertilizer to encourage the development and
advancement of plants since it doesn’t simply improve the stature of tomato yet is useful on the
grounds that it doesn’t influence the individual prosperity of our soil and most particularly our
environment.
Department of Agriculture. The department of Agriculture is the one who is authorized with
these things. That’s why the researchers refer to have their part in spreading awareness for it is
beneficial.
Students. Students should also have their part in spreading information and if possibl make their
own research and improve what the researchers have started.
School Administration. The school ought to gain so much from this, and should accept this as
premise in the following speialists that the school would conduct.
For future researchers. The researchers exceptionally suggest the utilization of more
progressively trial units to approve or discredit assert by this study. The researchers also
recommend to accept this as a premise to whatever research others would conduct. The
researchers likewise suggest further inquiries about done in regards to the subject for the
improvement of the study.

References
A. Journal Articles
Aziz, (2009) & Babu et al., (2004). Isolation and Characterization of Pathogen
Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/9638/11/11_chapter
%202.pdf
B.W. Green (2015), in Feed and Feeding Practices in Aquaculture
Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-
sciences/organic-fertilizer
Cho and Koyama (1997). Fish Amino Acid
Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/FelixValdez3/related-literature-of-fish-
amino-acid
Chen JH.( 2006). The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers and/or biofertilizer
for crop growth and soil fertility. Proceedings of International Workshop on Sustained
Management of the Soil-Rhizosphere System for Efficient Crop Production and Fertilizer
Use.
Available from http://www.agnet.org/htmlarea_file/library/20110808103954/tb174.pdf
[Google Scholar]
Murmu K, Swain DK, Ghosh BC. (2013.) Comparative assessment of conventional and organic
nutrient management on crop growth and yield and soil fertility in tomato-sweet corn production
system. Aust J Crop Sci. 7(11):1617–1626.
Retrieved from [Google Scholar]
Khaled A. El-Tarabily, Amr H. Nassar, Giles E. St. J. Hardy and Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam
(2003) Plant and Soil Vol. 252, No. 2
Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/24123971
Abbasi, P. A., Lazarovits, G., and Jabaji-Hare, S. (2009). Detection of high concentrations of
organic acids in fish emulsion and their role in pathogen or disease suppression.
Phytopathology 99:274-281
Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19203280
Levine, R. (1987) Indiane, conservation, and george bird grinnell. American Studies, 28(2), 41-
55.
Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40642210
Kenton, (2018). Two Tailed T-test
Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/two-tailed-test.asp

APPENDICES
Kayle CK F. Leonor
2nd street Rustico Tijing Ave. Amparo's Village,
Bayawan City Negros Oriental
Contact: 09272271609
E-mail: kayleswiftxstyles1d@gmail.com
I. Family Background:
Mother: Florie T. Feril
Occupation: Housewife
Father: Turki Nasser Alshaher
Occupation: General Manager
Siblings: Kurt Larz F. Leonor (Deceased)
Clark kent F. Leonor
II. Educational Attainment:

Pre-School: Binangonan Garden of Learners
Elementary: St. Augustine Academy of Bayawan. Inc.
High School: St. Augustine Academy of Bayawan. Inc.
Senior High School: St. Augustine Academy of Bayawan. Inc.
Motto: “Don't forget to look before you fall.”

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Sta. Catalina Negros Oriental
Contact: 09558179453
E-mail: gj@gmail.com
Mother: Geraldine Q. Abjelina
Occupation: Government employee
Father: Jose Glenn B. Abjelina
Occupation: Government employee
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Pre-School: Baptist Learning Center
Elementary: Sta Catalina Central Elementary School
High School: St. Augustine Academy of Bayawan Inc.
Senior High School: St. Augustine Academy of Bayawan Inc.
Motto: “Love the life you live, live the life you love. “
Ed Orlan A. Caingcoy
Brgy. Boyco, Bayawan Ciy, Negros Oriental
Contact: 09770229006
E-mail: ed_caingcoy12@yahoo.com
Mother: EDITH CAINGCOY
Occupation:HOUSEWIFE
Father: ORLANDO CAINGCOY
Occupation: SEAMAN

Pre-School: BAPTIST
Elementary: Bayawan City East Central School
High School: St. Augustine Academy of Bayawan Inc.
Senior High School: St. Augustine Academy of Bayawan Inc.
Motto: “BALL IS LIFE. “

Honey Dorie M. Caducoy

Caigqngan Sta.Catalina Negros Oriental
Contact: 09168523607
E-mail: Honeydoriecaducoy0@gmail.com
Mother: Dolores M. Caducoy
Occupation: Housewife/ BHW
Father: Richard C. Caducoy
Occupation: Brgy. Kagawad/Driver
Siblings: Heinz Dave M. Caducoy

Pre-School: Baptist Learning Center
Elementary: Caigangan Elementary School
High School: Obat High School
Motto: “Life is like a wheel sometimes your on the top but there are times that you are in the
bottom. “
Greanne lymar F. Gotladera

Banga Lopezville Bayawan City Negros Oriental
Contact: 09756399958
E-mail: pianistshav@gmail.com
Mother: Blessy F. Gotladera
Occupation:
Father: Gremar Y. Gotladera
Occupation: General Manager
Siblings: N/A

Pre-School: ABC Learning Center
Elementary: Bayawan City East Central School
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Rialven S. Tumimbang
Brgy. Boyco, Bayawan City
Contact: 09753734063
E-mail: rialven19@gmail.com
Mother: Edith S. Tumimbang
Occupation: Housewife
Father: Benito N. Tumimbang Sr.
Occupation: Engineer
Siblings: Charelyn T. Baron
Merylven T. Valde
Sadam Neño Tumimbang
Shanilo T. Garnica
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EFFECTS OF FISH FERTILIZER 1

The Effect of Fish Gills Fertilizer on the Growth

An Experimental Research Paper

Presented to the Senior High School Department of

St. Augustine Academy of Bayawan Inc.

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Abjelina, Gerald Joe Q.

Caducoy, Honey Dorie M.

Gotladera, Greanne Lymar F.

St. Augustine Academy of Bayawan, Inc.

MS. NHEZAN AMOR GELERA

MR. IRWIN B. INGAN, RN MRS. MIRASOL A. MORONES

MS. NHEZAN AMOR GELERA

SR. CELERINA C. HIFARVA, A.R.

we offer gratitude to God for insurance and capacity to do work.

research including important points in our research endeavor.

May the Almighty God bless all of you.

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure 1 Conceptual Framework……………………………………………21

Figure 2 Materials used in Preparation……………………………………..23-24

Figure 3 Shows the set-ups preparation for germinating period……………25

Figure 4 Preparation of Fish Fertilizer……………………………………..26

Figure 5 Preparation of set-up……………………………………………..27

Figure 6 Adding of Treatments to set-ups…………………………………28

Table 5 Shows the mean results of the number of leaves

tomato with treatment from 1 week of observing.

conducted by the researchers expected to decide the distinction in development of tomato in

The Problem and Its Scope

A. Background of the Study

composed of anything biodegradable that is found in nature, which releases nutrients as it

decays. (van Haute,2007)

and provincially or on a bigger geographic scale. Interestingly, supplement substance of farming

fish oil. (van Haute, 2007).

Statement of the Problem

tomato to fish fertilizer.

1. Is there a significant difference in the growth of tomato plants in terms of:

1.1 the height of the plant; and

1.2 it’s number of leaves

Significance of the Study

be a significant endeavor to the following:

work more beneficial.

the capacity to elevate this to the agriculturists.

This would serve as a basis of whatever result will research bring.

nourishment they eat and the soul of collaboration among them.

Scope of the Study

development of solanum lycopersicum (tomato).

Limitations of the Study

The impact on the advancement of solanum lycopersicum is limited to three

absence of time and different assets as said previously.

1. There is difference among the treatments in terms of;

a. Height of the plant

2. There is a difference among the treatments in terms of:

a. Height of the plant

Operational Definition of Terms

more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.

constrained by an inexhaustible assault of pathogens. To build up successful control techniques;

investigation of tomato pathogen connections are critical (Tsutomu et al., 2007).

diluted with water (1:1,000)

acidification or basification, reductions in useful microbial communities, and increased