12.

Spur Gear Design and Standard proportions

selection
Objectives • American Standard Association (ASA)
• Apply principles learned in Chapter 11 to actual design and selection of spur

•
gear systems.
Calculate forces on teeth of spur gears, including impact forces associated with
• American Gear Manufacturers Association
velocity and clearances. (AGMA)
• Determine allowable force on gear teeth, including the factors necessary due to

•
angle of involute of tooth shape and materials selected for gears.
Design actual gear systems, including specifying materials, manufacturing
• Brown and Sharp
•
accuracy, and other factors necessary for complete spur gear design.
Understand and determine necessary surface hardness of gears to minimize or
• 14 ½ deg; 20 deg; 25 deg pressure angle
prevent surface wear.
• Understand how lubrication can cushion the impact on gearing systems and cool • Full depth and stub tooth systems
them.
• Select standard gears available from stocking manufacturers or distributors.

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Specifications for standard gear

teeth
Forces on spur gear teeth
Item Full depth & pitches Full depth & 14½° full • Ft = Transmitted force
coarser than 20 pitches finer depth
than 20 • Fn = Normal force or separating
Pressure 20° 25° 20° 14½° force
angle
• Fr = Resultant force
Addendum 1.0/P 1.0/P 1.0/P 1/P • θ = pressure angle
(in.)
• Fn = Ft tan θ
Dedendum 1.250/P 1.250/P 1.2/P + 0.002 1.157/P
F
(in.) Fr = t
cos θ
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Example Problem 12-1: Forces on Spur Gear Teeth

Forces on spur gear teeth
• Power, P; P = Tn or T = 63,000 P • 20-tooth, 8 pitch, 1-inch-wide, 20° pinion
63,000 n transmits 5 hp at 1725 rpm to a 60-tooth gear.

• Torque, T = Ft r and r = Dp /2 • Determine driving force, separating force, and

• Combining the above we can write maximum force that would act on mounting
shafts.
2T
Ft =
Dp

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1
 Example Problem 12-1: Forces on Spur Gear Teeth Example Problem 12-1: Forces on Spur Gear Teeth (cont’d.)
− Find transmitted force:
• 20-tooth, 8 pitch, 1-inch-wide, 20° pinion transmits 5 hp at 1725 rpm to a 60-tooth gear. (12-3)
2T
• Determine driving force, separating force, and maximum force that would act on Ft =
Dp
mounting shafts.
(2-6) (2)183 in-lb
Tn Ft = = 146 lb
P = 2.5 in
63,000
− Find separating force:
63,000P (12-1)
T =
n
Fn = Ft tan θ
(63,000)5
T = = 183 in-lb
1725 Fn = 146 lb tan 20°

Fn = 53 lb

− Find pitch circle: − Find maximum force:

(12-2)
(11-4) Ft
Fr =
Dp =
Np cos θ
Pd
146 lb
20 teeth Fr =
Dp = = 2.5 in cos 20°
8 teeth/in diameter
Fr = 155 lb
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Example Problem 12-2: Surface Speed

Surface Speed
• In previous problem, determine the surface speed:

• Surface speed (Vm) is often referred to as

(12-7)
pitch-line speed Vm = π D n

or
π Dp n
• Vm = ft/min (12-5)

12 Vm =
π Dp n
12
π Dp n
• Vm = m/min -- Metric units Vm = π 2.5 in 1725 rpm
ft
12 in
1000 Vm = 1129 ft/min

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Forces on Gear Tooth

Strength of Gear Teeth
• Lewis form factor method

Figure 14.20 Forces acting

on individual gear tooth.

©1998 McGraw-Hill, Hamrock,

Jacobson and Schmid
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