DATA BOOK

for Cryogenic Gases

and Equipment
 Common Equivalents & Conversions

Approximate Conversions Accurate to

WARNING Common Equivalents Parts Per Million
Don’t become a casualty!
1 inch = 25 millimeters inches x 25.4 = millimeters
1 foot = 0.3 meter feet x 0.3048” = meters
Beware of confined spaces where there is insufficient oxygen to support 1 yard = 0.9 meter yards x 0.9144 = meters
life. Types of confined spaces include: 1 mile = 1.6 kilometers miles x 1.609.34 = kilometers
A. Pits and deep depressions, sewers 1 sq inch = 6.5 sq cm sq inches x 6.4516* = sq centimeters
B. Above-ground confined spaces such as air separation cold boxes 1 sq foot = 0.09 sq meter sq feet x 0.0929030 = sq meters
and similar insulated cavities, silos, furnace boxes, combustion 1 sq yard = 0.8 sq meter sq yards x 0.836127 = sq meters
chambers, etc.
1 acre = 0.4 hectare+ acres x 0.404686 = hectares
C. Tanks on railroad cars and highway vehicles, storage tanks, 1 cu inch = 16 cu cm cu inches x 16.3871 = cu centimeters
mixing tanks
1 cu foot = 0.03 cu meter cu feet x 0.0283168 = cu meters
D. Reaction kettles, stills, receivers, steam drums 1 quart (lq) = 1 liter+ cu yards x 0.764555 = cu meters
E. Acetylene generators and gas holders 1 gallon = 0.004 cu meter quarts (lq) x 0.946353 = liters
1 ounce (avdp) = 28 grams gallons x 0.00378541 = cu meters
Where atmospheric air is not deliberately provided, or where breathing 1 pound (avdp = 0.45 kilogram ounces (avdp) x 28.3495 = grams
equipment is not available, Tank Entry Procedures as published and 1 horsepower = 0.75 kilowatt pounds (avdp) x 0.453592 = kilograms
provided by this company or similarly detailed procedures published by 1 millimeter = 0.04 inch horsepower x 0.745700 = kilowatts
other interested organizations must be rigidly followed.
1 meter = 3.3 feet millimeters x 0.03937701 = inches
1 meter = 1.1 yards meters x 3.28084 = feet
1 kilometer = 0.6 mile meters x 1.09361 = yards
All data set forth herein is provided for general information only and
is based on generally accepted tests and on published data from 1 sq centimeter = 0.06 cu inch kilometers x 0.621371 = miles
standard technical reference works. The accuracy or completeness of 1 cu meter = 35 cu feet sq centimeters x 0.155000 = sq inches
any such information, test or data is not warranted in any way. 1 cu meter = 1.3 cu yards sq meters x 10.7639 = sq feet
1 cubic meter = 250 gallons sq meters x 1.19499 = sq yards
1 liter+ = 1 quart hectares x 2.47104 = acres
1 gram = 0.035 oz (avdp) cu cm x 0.0610237 = cu inches
1 kilogram = 2.2 lbs (avdp) cu meters x 35.3147 = cu feet
1 kilowatt = 1.3 horsepower cu meters x 1.30795 = cu yards
liters x 1.05669 = quarts (lq)
cu meters x 264.172 = gallons
grams x 0.0352740 = ounces (avdp)
+ common term not used in S1 kilograms x 2.20462 = pounds (avdp)
* exact kilowatts x 1.34102 = horsepower
Source: NBS Special Pub. 304.

1
Table of Contents Table of Contents

Page No. Cryo-Cyl LP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44-45

Mega-Cyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46-47
Common Equivalents and Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Laser-Cyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48-49
Physical Properties of Selected Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5 Ultra Helium Dewar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50-51
Carbon Dioxide–Chemical and Physical Constants - Trifecta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52-53
Physical State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7 Perma-Cyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54-55
Nitrous Oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Orca MicroBulk Delivery System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56-57
Conversion Data Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58-60
Nitrous Oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Biological Systems
Oxygen and Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 XC & SC Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61-63
Argon and Neon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Lab Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64-65
Helium and Hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Vapor Shippers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66-67
Krypton and Xenon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Beverage Systems
Carbon Dioxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Carbo-Mite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68-69
Tonnage Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Carbo-Charger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70-71
Mean Specific Heats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Carbo-Mizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72-73
Densities at Various Saturation Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Carbo-Max 750 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-75
Pressure–Density–Temperature Relationships for Liquid Oxygen, CO2 Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76-77
Nitrogen and Argon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 CO2 Safety System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78-79
Vapor Release from Depressurized: Vacuum Insulated Piping Systems
Liquid Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Cryogenic Piping Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80-81
Liquid Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Vaporizer Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Liquid Argon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Conversion Factors:
Liquid Helium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-23 Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Liquid Hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Refrigeration Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Net Positive Suction Head Requirements for Cryogenic Pumps . . . . . . . . . .26 Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
Head to PSI Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Air Pressure Drop in Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28-29 Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Pipe Capacities Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Combustion Constants of Hydrocarbon Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Specific Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
Storage Systems Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
VS Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32-33 Refrigeration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
Siphon 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34-35 Velocity, Flow Rate, Thermal Conductivity & Temperature . . . . . . . . . . .93
VS-CO2 Bulk Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36-37 Temperature Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
VS-DSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38-39 Decimal Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
VS High Pressure Bulk Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40-41 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96-97
Dura-Cyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42-43 Miscellaneous Physical Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
2 3
Physical Properties of Selected Gases Physical Properties of Selected Gases

Name of Gas Oxygen Nitrogen Argon Helium Methane Acetylene Hydrogen Neon Krypton Xenon Air
Chemical Symbol O2 N2 Ar He CH4 C2H2 H2 Ne Kr Xe —
Molecular Weight 31.9988 28.0134 39.948 4.0026 16.043 26.0382 2.01594 20.183 83.80 131.30 28.96
Color None None None None None None None None None None None
Odor None None None None None Sweet None None None None None
Taste None None None None None None None None None None None
Spec. Gravity (Air=1)
70°F. 1 Atm. 1.105 0.9669 1.395 0.13796 .5539 0.9053 0.0695 0.6958 2.898 4.56 1.0
Density lb Per cu ft
70°F 1 Atm. 0.08281 0.07245 0.1034 0.01034 .0415 0.06785 0.005209 0.05215 0.2172 0.3416 0.07493
Spec Vol. cu ft
per lb 70°F 1 Atm. 12.076 13.803 9.671 96.71 24.096 14.7 192.0 19.175 4.604 2.927 13.3
Density Sat’d Vapor,
lb per cu ft 1 Atm. 0.27876 0.2874 0.35976 1.0434 .1134 0.10800 0.083133 0.5963 0.536 0.718
Normal Boiling Point °F -297.33 -320.36 -302.55 -452.1 -258.7 -118.5* -423.0 -410.8 -243.8 -162.5
Heat of Vaporization
BTU per Pound 91.7 85.6 70.1 9 223.3 344.8** 191.7 38.3 46.3 41.4 88.3
Critical Pressure
Atmospheres, Abs. 50.14 33.54 48.34 2.26 666.88 60.58 12.98 26.19 54.3 57.64
lb per sq in, Abs. 736.9 492.9 710.4 33.2 890.3 190.8 384.9 798.0 847.1
Critical Temp. °F -181.08 -232.40 -188.12 -450.31 -116.67 +95.32 -399.96 -379.75 -82.8 +61.86
Triple Point Pressure
Atmosphere, Abs. 0.00145 0.1238 0.68005 None 1.2651 0.071 0.4273 0.7220 0.8064
lb per sq in, Abs. 0.0213 1.189 9.994 1.7032 18.592 1.04 6.28 10.61 11.85
Triple Point Temp. °F -361.83 -346.01 -308.8 None -296.45 -112.99 -434.56 -415.49 -251.28 -169.18
Specific Heat Const. 0.2199 0.2488 0.1244 1.2404 .5339 0.4067 3.4202 0.2462 0.0597 0.0382 0.2406
Press @77°F @77°F @77°F @77°F @80°F @80°F @77°F @77°F @87°F @77°F @80.3°F
Ratio Specific Heats 1.396 1.4014 1.6665 1.6671 1.305 1.234 1.405 1.642 1.701 1.666 1.4017
@80.3°F @70°F @86°F @77°F @80°F @77°F @77°F @68°F @87°F @68°F @80.3°F
Coeff. Viscosity, 95.5 89.37 313.81 251.71 231.02 184.67
Micropoises @77°F 206.39 177.96 226.38 198.5 112 @68°F @80°F
Thermal Conductivity,
32°F 0.0142 0.0139 0.00980 0.08266 .0193 0.0123 0.0973 0.021087 0.00501 0.00293 0.0139
BTU/(sq ft)(Hr.)(°F/ft) @40°F @70°F @80°F
Ionization Potential,
Volts 13.6 14.5 15.7 24.5 11.6 13.5 21.5 13.9 12.1
Exitation Potentials:
First Resonance
Potential, Volts 9.1 6.3 11.56 20.91 10.2 16.58 9.98 8.39
Metastable 11.66 19.77 16.62 10.51 9.4
16.53 9.86 8.28
* Normal sublimation temperature ** Latent heat of sublimation

4 5
Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide

Chemical Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CO2

Molecular Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44.01
Color-Vapor and Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .None

above this point

Liquid and Gas
Liquid and Gas
Liquid and Gas
Liquid and Gas
Liquid and Gas
Liquid and Gas
Physical State
Solid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .translucent white

Gas and Solid

Gas and Solid
Gas and Solid
Gas and Solid
Gas Only
Odor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .slight-pungent

of CO2
Taste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .biting
Specific Gravity (Air-1.0)
Gas at 70°F, atmospheric pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.53

Physical State of CO2 Versus Saturated Vapor Temperature and Pressure

Specific Volume at atmospheric pressure
Gas 60°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8.57 cu ft/lb
Gas 70°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8.74 cu ft/lb

Specific Volume Cu Ft/ Lb

0.0995
0.1663
0.2905
0.4165

1.1570
1.1570
0.0345

0.6113
(Gas)

2.52
5.69
24.5
Temperature of Solid at atmospheric pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-109.25°F
Density
Solid: -109.25°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97.6 lb/cu ft
Liquid: +1.7°F 300 psi gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63.36 lb/cu ft

(Liquid or Solid)
Liquid: +70°F 839 psi gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47.35 lb/cu ft

0.01970

0.01571
0.01498
0.01437
0.01360
0.01059
0.01040
0.01025
0.01007
0.03453

0.0173
Heat Vaporization
Solid: -109.25°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246.6 BTU/lb
Liquid: +1.7°F 300 psi gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119.2 BTU/lb
Liquid: +70°F 839 psi gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63.9 BTU/lb

Gauge Pressure
Specific Heat — gas—varies

(Lb/Sq In)
1057.0
(At constant pressure of 1 atmosphere) 70°F . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.20 BTU/lb

732.7
490.6
291.1
200.4
131.2

23.4*
60.4
60.4
19.4
0.0
(At constant volume) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.15 BTU/lb
Viscosity— gas at atmosphere pressure & 70°F . . . . . . . . . . .0.015 Centipoise
Liquid at 0°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.14 Centipoise

* Inches of mercury vacuum

Critical temperature (highest temperature at which
CO2 can exist as a liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87.82°F

Temperature

-69.83 triple
-69.83 point

-109.25
+88.41
Triple Point (temperature pressure combination at which

-140.0
+60.0
+32.0

-90.0
(°F)

-20
-40
0.0
CO2 can exist simultaneously as a solid, liquid or gas) . .-69.83°F & 75.13 psia

(Reference: Airco R687 A and data of Plank & Kuprianoff)

6 7
Nitrous Oxide Nitrous Oxide Conversion Data

International Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N2O

Liters/Liquid
0.37023

0.04250

0.00568
3.78533
28.3162
740.46
Molecular Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.013

1
Vapor Pressure, psia @ -4°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
@ 32°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
@ 68°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736
@ 98°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055

Cu Ft/Liquid

0.0353154
0.001502

0.000210
0.133680
Density, gas @ 1 atm, lb/cu ft @ 32°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1230

0.01308
26.12
@ 68°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1146

1
Specific Gravity, gas @ 32°F and 1 atm (air=1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.529
Specific Volume, gas @ 1 atm, cu ft/lb @ 32°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.130
@ 68°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.726

Gallons/Liquid

0.264178
0.09782

0.00150

7.48052
0.01124
195.64
Density, saturated vapor, lb/cu ft @ boiling point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.194

1
@ -4°F and 262 psia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.997
@ 68°F and 736 psia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.051
Density, liquid @ boiling point and 1 atm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.6
@ 70°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3

S.G. Gas

130.316

4983.28
65.158

7.4805

666.17

176.00
Specific Gravity, liquid @ 68°F and 736 psia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.785

S.C.F. (Standard Cubic Feet) Nitrous Oxide Gas are measured at 70°F and 14.7 psia.
Boiling Point @ 1 atm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –127.3°F
Melting Point @ 1 atm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –131.5°F

S.G. (Standard Gallons) Nitrous Oxide Gas are measured at 70°F and 14.7 psia.
Triple Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –131.5 @ 12.74 psia

S.C.F. Gas
Critical Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.7°F

0.13371
17.422

89.053
666.17
23.528

Liquid Nitrous Oxide quantities are measured at -127.2°F and 14.7 psia.
8.711

1
Critical Pressure, psia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1054
Critical Density, lb/cu ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.15
Latent Heat of Vaporization, BTU/lb @ boiling point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.8

7.675 x 10 -6
@ 32°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.5

57.4 x 10 -6

0.038237
0.001350
0.005111
0.0005
@ 68°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.7

Tons

1
Latent Heat of Fusion at triple point, BTU/lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.9
Specific Heat, gas, at 1 atm, BTU/(lb)(°F) Cp 77°F to 212°F . . . . . . . . . 0.212
Cp @ 59°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2004
Cv @ 59°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1538

0.01535
Pounds

10.223
76.474
0.1148

2.701
2000
Ratio of Specific Heats, Cp/Cv @ 59°F and 1 atm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.303

1
Solubility in Water at 1 atm, vol/1 vol of water @ 32°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3
@ 68°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.72
@ 77°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.66

70°F — 14.7 psia

70°F — 14.7 psia

Solubility in Alcohol at 68°F and 1 atm, vol/1 vol of alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0
Weight/gal, liquid, lb @ boiling point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.23

1 Gallon Liquid
@ -4°F and 262 psia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.35

1 Gallon Gas

1 Liter Liquid
1 cu ft Liquid
1 S.C.F Gas
@ 68°F and 736 psia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.54
1 Pound

Viscosity, gas, centipoises @ 32°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0135

1 Ton

@ 80°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0149
Thermal Conductivity, gas @ 32°F (BTU)(ft)/(sq ft)(hr)(°F) . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0083

8 9
 Oxygen

10
Weight Gas Liquid
Pounds Kilograms Cubic Feet Cubic Meters Gallons Liters
(Lb) (Kg) (SCF) (Nm 3) (Gal) (L)
1 Pound 1.0 0.4536 12.076 0.3174 0.1050 0.3977
1 Kilogram 2.205 1.0 26.62 0.6998 0.2316 0.8767
1 SCF Gas 0.08281 0.03756 1.0 0.02628 0.008691 0.0329
3
1 Nm Gas 3.151 1.4291 38.04 1.0 0.3310 1.2528
1 Gal Liquid 9.527 4.322 115.1 3.025 1.0 3.785
1 L Liquid 2.517 1.1417 30.38 0.7983 0.2642 1.0

Nitrogen
1 Pound 1.0 0.4536 13.803 0.3627 0.1481 0.5606
1 Kilogram 2.205 1.0 30.42 0.7996 0.3262 1.2349
1 SCF Gas 0.07245 0.03286 1.0 0.02628 0.01074 0.04065
1 Nm3 Gas 2.757 1.2506 38.04 1.0 0.4080 1.5443
Oxygen and Nitrogen Conversion Data

1 Gal Liquid 6.745 3.060 93.11 2.447 1.0 3.785

1 L Liquid 1.782 0.8083 24.60 0.6464 0.2642 1.0

SCF (Standard Cubic Foot) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 70°F. Nm 3 (normal cubic meter) measured at 1 atmosphere and 0°C.
Liquid measured at 1 atmosphere and boiling temperature. All values rounded to nearest 4/5 significant numbers.

Argon
Weight Gas Liquid
Pounds Kilograms Cubic Feet Cubic Meters Gallons Liters
(Lb) (Kg) (SCF) (Nm 3) (Gal) (L)
1 Pound 1.0 0.4536 9.671 0.2543 0.08600 0.3255
1 Kilogram 2.205 1.0 21.32 0.5605 0.18957 0.7176
1 SCF Gas 0.1034 0.04690 1.0 0.02628 0.008893 0.03366
1 Nm3 Gas 3.933 1.7840 38.04 1.0 0.3382 1.2802
1 Gal Liquid 11.630 5.276 112.5 2.957 1.0 3.785
1 L Liquid 3.072 1.3936 29.71 0.7812 0.2642 1.0

Neon
1 Pound 1.0 0.4536 19.175 0.5040 0.09928 0.3758
1 Kilogram 2.205 1.0 42.27 1.1112 0.2191 0.8292
1 SCF Gas 0.05215 0.02366 1.0 0.02628 0.005177 0.019594
1 Nm3 Gas 1.9840 0.8999 38.04 1.0 0.19714 0.7462
1 Gal Liquid 10.065 4.565 193.2 5.077 1.0 3.785
1 L Liquid 2.661 1.2070 51.03 1.3410 0.2642 1.0
SCF (Standard Cubic Foot) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 70°F. Nm 3 (normal cubic meter) measured at 1 atmosphere and 0°C.
Liquid measured at 1 atmosphere and boiling temperature. All values rounded to nearest 4/5 significant numbers.
11
Argon and Neon Conversion Data
 Helium

12
Weight Gas Liquid
Pounds Kilograms Cubic Feet Cubic Meters Gallons Liters
(Lb) (Kg) (SCF) (Nm 3) (Gal) (L)
1 Pound 1.0 0.4536 96.71 2.542 0.9593 3.631
1 Kilogram 2.205 1.0 213.2 5.603 2.115 8.006
1 SCF Gas 0.01034 0.004690 1.0 0.02628 0.009919 0.03754
1 Nm 3 Gas 0.3935 0.17847 38.04 1.0 0.3775 1.4289
1 Gal Liquid 1.0423 0.4728 100.80 2.649 1.0 3.785
1 L Liquid 0.2754 0.1249 26.63 0.6998 0.2642 1.0

Hydrogen
1 Pound 1.0 0.4536 192.00 5.047 1.6928 6.408
1 Kilogram 2.205 1.0 423.3 11.126 3.733 14.128
1 SCF Gas 0.005209 0.002363 1.0 0.02628 0.008820 0.03339
1 Nm 3 Gas 0.19815 0.08988 38.04 1.0 0.3355 1.2699
Helium and Hydrogen Conversion Data

1 Gal Liquid 0.5906 0.2679 113.41 2.981 1.0 3.785

1 L Liquid 0.15604 0.07078 29.99 0.7881 0.2642 1.0

SCF (Standard Cubic Foot) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 70°F. Nm 3 (normal cubic meter) measured at 1 atmosphere and 0°C.
Liquid measured at 1 atmosphere and boiling temperature. All values rounded to nearest 4/5 significant numbers.
Hydrogen gas values expressed in the stable conditions 75% ortho, 25% pure. Hydrogen liquid values expressed in the stable para condition.

Krypton
Weight Gas Liquid
Pounds Kilograms Cubic Feet Cubic Meters Gallons Liters
(Lb) (Kg) (SCF) (Nm 3) (Gal) (L)
1 Pound 1.0 0.4536 4.604 0.12098 0.04967 0.1880
1 Kilogram 2.205 1.0 10.147 0.2667 0.10939 0.4141
1 SCF Gas 0.2172 0.09852 1.0 0.02628 0.010773 0.04078
1 Nm 3 Gas 8.266 3.749 38.04 1.0 0.4101 1.5525
1 Gal Liquid 20.13 9.131 92.69 2.436 1.0 3.785
1 L Liquid 5.318 2.412 24.51 0.6441 0.2642 1.0

Xenon
1 Pound 1.0 0.4536 2.927 0.07692 0.03921 0.14840
1 Kilogram 2.205 1.0 6.451 0.16958 0.08642 0.3271
1 SCF Gas 0.3416 0.15495 1.0 0.02628 0.013392 0.05069
1 Nm 3 Gas 13.000 5.897 38.04 1.0 0.5096 1.9291
1 Gal Liquid 25.51 11.572 74.67 1.9623 1.0 3.785
1 L Liquid 6.738 3.056 19.726 0.5185 0.2642 1.0
SCF (Standard Cubic Foot) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 70°F. Nm 3 (normal cubic meter) measured at 1 atmosphere and 0°C.
Liquid measured at 1 atmosphere and boiling temperature. All values rounded to nearest 4/5 significant numbers.
13
Krypton and Xenon Conversion Data
Carbon Dioxide Conversion Data Tonnage Conversion Factors*

Oxygen Nitrogen Hydrogen

Nm 3 (normal cubic meter) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 0°C.

1 lb Gaseous Oxygen = 1 lb Gaseous Nitrogen = 1 lb. Gaseous Hydrogen =

Cubic Feet

0.0011723
0.010246

0.04468
0.08678
0.02293
(Cu Ft)

0.2260
20.49
Solid
12.08 scf at 14.7 psia and 13.80 scf at 14.7 psia and 192.0 scf at 14.7 psia

1.0
70°F. 70°F. and 70°F.

All values rounded to nearest 4/5 significant numbers.

1 ton Gaseous Oxygen = 1 ton Gaseous Nitrogen = 1 ton Gaseous Hydrogen =
24,160 scf at 14.7 psia 27,605 scf at 14.7 psia 383,950 scf at 14.7 psia

0.05113
0.4469

0.9860

1.9480
and 70°F. and 70°F. and 70°F.

3.785
893.9

43.60
Liters

1.0
(L)
scf/mo scf/mo scf/mo
Liquid

(millions) tons/day (millions) tons/day (millions) tons/day

1 1.38 1 1.21 1 0.087

0.013506
0.11806
Gallons

0.2603

0.5146

0.2642
11.518
236.1
(Gal)

1.0
2 2.76 2 2.42 2 0.174
3 4.14 3 3.62 3 0.26
4 5.52 4 4.83 4 0.35
5 6.90 5 6.04 5 0.43
Cubic Meters

0.02628
6 8.28 6 7.25 6 0.52
0.2294

0.5058

1.9431
0.5134
(Nm 3)

458.8

22.38
1.0
7 9.66 7 8.45 7 0.61
8 11.04 8 9.66 8 0.69
Gas
Carbon Dioxide

9 12.42 9 10.87 9 0.78

10 13.80 10 12.08 10 0.87
Cubic Feet

17,483.0
19.253

19.562
(SCF)
8.741

38.04
74.04

20 27.59 20 24.15 20 1.74

852.8
1.0

SCF (Standard Cubic Foot) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 70°F. 30 41.39 30 36.23 30 2.60
40 55.19 40 48.30 40 3.47
50 68.98 50 60.38 50 4.34
Kilograms

0.05189
0.4536

1.9772

1.0151
907.2

3.842

44.25
(Kg)

scf/mo scf/mo scf/mo

1.0

tons/day (millions) tons/day (millions) tons/day (millions)

Liquid measured at 21.42 atmospheres and 1.7°F.

10 7.25 10 8.28 10 115.2

12.5 9.06 12.5 10.35 12.5 144
0.0011023

0.0011185
0.002180
0.004235

0.04880
0.0005
Weight

25 18.12 25 20.70 25 288

Tons

1.0
(T)

50 36.24 50 41.41 50 576

75 54.36 75 62.11 75 864
100 72.5 100 82.82 100 1152
Solid measured at -109.25°F.
Pounds

2000.0

0.1144
2.205

4.359
8.470
2.238
97.56
(Lb)
1.0

* Based on 30 day month

1 Cu Ft Solid
1 Gal Liquid
1 Nm 3 Gas
1 SCF Gas
1 Kilogram

1 L Liquid
1 Pound
1 Ton

14 15
Mean Specific Heats Densities At Various Saturation Pressures

–
Cp = H/t—60 BTU per lb, per °F

SCF/Gal
Density

109.60
106.61
103.31
100.71
112.50
110.89

98.45
94.59
90.87
87.65
t (°F) O2 H2 H2O N2 CO CO2

Gas
100 0.2188 3.420 0.4448 0.2482 0.4285 0.2022
200 0.2203 3.434 0.4472 0.2485 0.2488 0.2086

ARGON
300 0.2221 3.442 0.4499 0.2488 0.2493 0.2145
400 0.2240 3.448 0.4529 0.2493 0.2501 0.2201

Density
Lbs/Ft3
500 0.2259 3.452 0.4562 0.2500 0.2511 0.2253

Liquid

87.51
85.77
84.77
82.46
79.90
77.90
76.15
73.16
70.28
67.79
600 0.2279 3.455 0.4597 0.2509 0.2522 0.2301
700 0.2299 3.458 0.4634 0.2520 0.2535 0.2346
800 0.2318 3.462 0.4674 0.2531 0.2549 0.2388
900 0.2337 3.466 0.4715 0.2544 0.2564 0.2428
1000 0.2355 3.470 0.4757 0.2558 0.2580 0.2465

SCF/Gal
Density

91.55
90.40
87.63
84.18
81.53
79.12
75.08
71.51
67.95
93.11
1100 0.2373 3.475 0.4800 0.2572 0.2596 0.2500

Gas
1200 0.2390 3.480 0.4844 0.2586 0.2611 0.2533

NITROGEN
1300 0.2406 3.487 0.4888 0.2600 0.2627 0.2564
1400 0.2420 3.494 0.4932 0.2614 0.2642 0.2593
1500 0.2434 3.501 0.4976 0.2628 0.2657 0.2620
1600 0.2448 3.510 0.5021 0.2642 0.2672 0.2646

Density
Lbs/Ft3
Liquid

50.44
49.62
49.00
47.50
45.69
44.19
42.88
40.70
38.76
36.83
1700 0.2461 3.519 0.5066 0.2656 0.2686 0.2671
1800 0.2473 3.528 0.5111 0.2669 0.2700 0.2694
1900 0.2484 3.538 0.5156 0.2682 0.2713 0.2716
2000 0.2495 3.549 0.5201 0.2695 0.2726 0.2737
2100 0.2506 3.460 0.5245 0.2707 0.2739 0.2757

SCF/Gal
Density

109.59
105.86
102.97
100.82
115.10
113.72
112.73
2200 0.2517 3.572 0.5289 0.2719 0.2751 0.2776

96.57
93.05
89.79
Gas
2300 0.2527 3.584 0.5334 0.2732 0.2763 0.2795
2400 0.2536 3.596 0.5375 0.2742 0.2774 0.2813

Note: Density of water at 60°F = 62.30 lbs/cu ft

OXYGEN
2500 0.2545 3.608 0.5415 0.2753 0.2784 0.2830
2600 0.2554 3.620 0.5456 0.2764 0.2794 0.2845
2700 0.2562 3.632 0.5496 0.2774 0.2804 0.2860

Density
Lbs/Ft3
Liquid

71.17
70.42
69.80
67.86
65.55
63.76
62.43
59.80
57.62
55.60
2800 0.2570 3.644 0.5536 0.2784 0.2814 0.2875
2900 0.2578 3.656 0.5575 0.2793 0.2823 0.2889
3000 0.2585 3.668 0.5614 0.2802 0.2831 0.2902
3100 0.2593 3.680 0.5652 0.2811 0.2840 0.2915
3200 0.2600 3.692 0.5688 0.2819 0.2848 0.2927
Saturation
Pressure
PSIG

100
150
200
250
10
25
50
75
0
5
Courtesy of AFS Handbook of Cupola Operation

16 17
Comparison Charts Vapor Release Charts

Pressure over liquid oxygen, nitrogen and argon compared Vapor release from depressurized liquid oxygen
with temperature at which liquids boil

Density-temperature relationships for liquid oxygen, nitrogen and argon

18 19
Vapor Release Charts Vapor Release Charts

Vapor release from depressurized liquid nitrogen Vapor release from depressurized liquid argon

20 21
Vapor Release Charts Vapor Release Charts

Vapor release from depressurized liquid helium

In addition to liquid losses due to container and transfer tube normal heat Flash loss due to pressure drop through the transfer line may be estimated
leak, tube and receiving vessel cool down, boil-off in the container resulting by use of Chart 1 “Helium Flash Rate.” Depressurization loss of liquid in the
from heat input of the pressurizing gas and saturated vapor equalization, container may be estimated by use of Chart 2 “Helium Depressurization
there is a flash loss from the pressure drop in a transfer line and a loss from Losses.”
depressurizing a container after making a partial withdrawal. For example: Assume a helium container is discharging at a constant
For best transfer efficiency, the withdrawal should be started and pressure of 5 psig. From Chart 1 the flash loss is approximately 13.8%
maintained with as low a pressure as practical. Too low a pressure will of the liquid entering the transfer tube. From Chart 2 the loss from
require a longer time to make a transfer and thus permit heat leak in the depressurizing the container is approximately 12.5% of the liquid
transfer system to become excessive. A balance between effects of heat leak remaining in the container.
and depressurization generally may be attained by operating in a pressure
range of 2 to 3 psig.

22 23
24
Vapor Release Charts

Vapor release from depressurized liquid hydrogen

Refrigeration Values to +40°F for Expendable Refrigerants

Refrigerant Pressure Latent Heat Sensible Heat Total Heat
Refrigerant Temp °F psia BTU/lb BTU/lb BTU/lb
Water Ice 32° 14.7 144.0 8.0 152.0
Liquid CO2 -109° 14.7 113.0* 29.8 149.8
(flashed to snow)
Dry Ice
Blocks -109° 14.7 246.3 29.8 276.1
Pellets -109° 14.7 246.3 29.8 276.1
Liquid Nitrogen
@ 1 atm -320° 14.7 85.6 94.0 179.6
@ 5 atm -288° 73.5 61.0 95.0 156.0

Effective Refrigerant Cost = Refrigerant Cost Per Pound

Total Heat Removed Per Pound
Water ice has a liquid residue while remaining refrigerants are converted to the gas phase. CO2 snow is flashed from liquid CO2 at 314.7 psia storage pressure. Snow
yield is 46% by weight. Liquid carbon dioxide is stored at zero degrees and maintained at zero degrees by a mechanical refrigerator. This permits storage of liquid carbon
dioxide without loss. Dry ice pellets are manufactured by compressing CO2 snow in an extrusion machine. Liquid nitrogen losses are present during storage.
* This latent heat value is BTU per pound of liquid CO2.
25
Refrigerant Values
Net Positive Suction Head Requirements for Head to PSI Conversion
Cryogenic Pumps

More pump problems result from incorrect determination of Net Positive

Suction Head (NPSH) than from any other single cause.

Liquids at any temperature above their freezing have a corresponding vapor

pressure which must be taken into account when planning a pumping system.
NPSH can be defined as the difference between the actual pressure and the
vapor pressure of the liquid at the suction port of the pump. This is also
sometimes referred to as “sub-cooling” or “super pressure.”

While sitting idle, the liquid in a storage vessel will gradually absorb heat and
with all the vents closed, will generate pressures that are directly related to the
temperature of the liquid. These pressures are called the “saturated vapor
pressures.” This saturated condition exists as long as the liquid is at its boiling
point for any given pressure in the vessel. The important point to remember is
that no matter what the tank pressure is, any reduction in pressure will cause the
saturated liquid to boil.

No cryogenic pump can operate on saturated liquid since in order to establish

flow into the pump suction, there must be lower pressure in the pump. This
pressure drop causes the saturated liquid to boil, and the resultant vapors enter
the pump causing it to “cavitate” and lose prime.

To prevent cavitation, some NPSH must be provided to the pump. The

amount of minimum NPSH varies with size, type and make of pump, and is
generally indicated on the nameplate. The NPSH can be provided by static head,
or elevation of liquid above the pump suction and/or by building an artificial
pressure in the supply tank with a pressure building coil. This artificial pressure
must be maintained throughout the pumping cycle to insure proper and efficient
pump operation.

It is easy to lose, or offset, this “artificial” pressure or liquid head by warming

the liquid in the suction line to the pump by heat from the atmosphere. It is
possible to have a high “super pressure” in the storage tank so that the liquid is
highly “subcooled” and still have saturated liquid at the pump suction. To prevent
this, pump suction lines should be short and well insulated.

26 27
Air Pressure Drop In Pipe Air Pressure Drop In Pipe

For lengths of pipe other than 100 feet, the pressure drop is proportional to the CFM CFM
length. Thus, for 50 feet of pipe, the air pressure drop is approximately one-half Free Air Compr. Air Air Pressure Drop In Pounds per Sq Inch per 100 ft
at 60°F and at 60°F and of Schedule 40 Pipe For Air at 100 PSIG and 60°F
the value given in the table. The pressure drop is also inversely proportional to the 14.7 psia 100 psig
absolute pressure and directly proportional to the absolute temperature. 1/4" 3/8" 1/2"
1 0.128 0.083 0.018
To determine the pressure drop for inlet or average air pressures other than 2 0.256 0.285 0.064 0.020
100 psi and at temperatures other than 60°F, multiply the values given in the table 3 0.384 0.605 0.133 0.042 3/4"
4 0.513 1.04 0.226 0.071
by the formula: 5 0.641 1.58 0.343 0.106 0.027
1"
6 0.769 2.23 0.408 0.148 0.037

( 100 + 14.7
P + 14.7 )( 460 + t
520 ) 8
10
15
1.025
1.282
1.922
3.89
5.96
13.0
0.848
1.26
2.73
0.255
0.356
0.334
0.062
0.094
0.201
0.019
0.029
0.062
1 1/4"
20 2.563 22.8 4.76 1.43 0.345 0.102 0.026 1 1/2"
25 3.204 7.34 2.21 0.526 0.156 0.039 0.019
“P” is the inlet or average gauge pressure in pounds per square inch. 30 3.845 10.5 3.15 0.748 0.219 0.055 0.026
35 4.486 14.2 4.24 1.00 0.293 0.073 0.035
“t” is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. 40 5.126 18.4 5.49 1.30 0.379 0.095 0.044
45 5.767 23.1 6.90 1.62 0.474 0.116 0.055 2"
50 6.408 8.49 1.99 0.578 0.149 0.066 0.019
60 7.690 2 1/2" 12.2 2.85 0.819 0.200 0.94 0.027
The flow of compressed air in cubic feet per minute at any pressure is inversely 70 8.971 16.5 3.83 1.10 0.270 0.126 0.036
proportional to the absolute pressure and directly proportional to the absolute 80 10.25 0.019 21.4 4.96 1.43 0.350 0.162 0.046
90 11.53 0.023 27.0 6.25 1.80 0.437 0.203 0.058
temperature. 100 12.82 0.029 3" 7.69 2.21 0.534 0.247 0.070
To determine the cubic feet per minute of compressed air at any temperature and 125 16.02 0.044 11.9 3.39 0.825 0.380 0.107
150 19.22 0.062 0.021 17.0 4.87 1.17 0.537 0.151
pressure other than standard conditions, multiply the value of cubic feet per minute 175 22.43 0.083 0.028 23.1 6.60 1.58 0.727 0.205
of free air by the fomula: 200 25.63 0.107 0.036 30.0 8.54 2.05 0.937 0.264
225 28.84 0.134 0.045 10.8 2.59 1.19 0.331
250 32.04 0.164 0.055 13.3 3.18 1.45 0.404
275 35.24 0.191 0.066 16.0 3.83 1.75 0.484
( 14.7
14.7 + P )( 460 + t
520 ) 300
325
38.45
41.65
0.232
0.270
0.078
0.090
19.0
22.3
4.56
5.32
2.07
2.42
0.573
0.673
350 44.87 0.313 0.104 25.8 6.17 2.80 0.776
375 48.06 0.356 0.119 29.6 7.05 3.20 0.887
400 51.26 0.402 0.134 33.6 8.02 3.64 1.00
Calculations For Pipe Other Than Schedule 40 425 54.47 0.452 0.151 37.9 9.01 4.09 1.13
450 57.67 0.507 0.168 10.2 4.59 1.26
To determine the velocity of water, or the pressure drop of water or air, through 475 60.88 0.562 0.187 11.3 5.09 1.40
pipe other than Schedule 40 use the following formulas: 500 64.08 0.623 0.206 12.5 5.61 1.55
550 70.49 0.749 0.248 15.1 6.79 1.87
600 76.90 0.887 0.293 18.0 8.04 2.21
d40 2 d40 5 650 83.30 1.04 0.342 21.1 9.43 2.60
va = v40 ( )da
P
\] Pa =
P
P40 ( )
da 700
750
89.71
96.12
1.19
1.36
0.395
0.451
24.3
27.9
10.9
12.6
3.00
3.44
800 102.5 1.55 0.513 31.8 14.2 3.90
840 108.9 1.74 0.576 35.9 16.0 4.40
900 115.3 1.95 0.642 40.2 18.0 4.91
“a” refers to velocity or pressure drop through the desired Schedule pipe. 950 121.8 2.18 0.715 20.0 5.47
1000 128.2 2.40 0.788 22.1 6.06
“40” refers to the velocity or pressure drop through Schedule 40 pipe as given 1100 141.0 2.89 0.948 26.7 7.29
in the table on the facing page. 1200 153.8 3.44 1.13 31.8 8.63
1300 166.6 4.01 1.32 37.3 10.1
1400 179.4 4.65 1.52 11.8
1500 192.2 5.31 1.74 13.5
1600 205.1 6.04 1.97 15.3
1800 203.7 7.65 2.50 19.3
2000 256.3 9.44 3.06 23.9
28 29
 PIPE CAPACITIES FLOW — GALLONS PER MINUTE

30
Water 70SSU 100SSU 150SSU 200SSU 300SSU 500SSU
Pipe Size
Inches Gravity Pressure Gravity Pressure Gravity Pressure Gravity Pressure Gravity Pressure Gravity Pressure Gravity Pressure
3/ 4 1.42 4.70 0.58 4.21 0.39 4.01 0.25 3.79 0.18 3.64 0.12 3.45 0.068 3.21
1 2.65 9.20 1..04 8.27 0.692 7.85 0.432 7.43 0.324 7.14 0.216 6.75 0.130 5.66
1 1/ 4 5.30 18.9 3.24 16.9 2.02 16.1 1.30 15.3 0.943 14.7 0.634 13.9 0.389 12.9
1 1/ 2 8.10 28.4 5.90 25.5 3.74 24.2 2.38 22.9 1.73 20.9 1.17 19.8 0.706 19.4
2 15.60 54.7 11.95 49.0 10.22 46.7 6.55 44.2 4.86 42.4 3.24 40.1 1.94 37.4
2 1/ 2 25.10 87.4 23.04 78.3 19.50 77.0 13.32 70.5 9.65 67.8 6.55 64.2 3.92 59.8
3 44.50 154 33.2 138 29.5 131 27.1 124 23.2 119 15.7 113 9.22 105.0
Pipe Capacities Flow

4 91.00 317 80.5 284 77 270 72 256 69.8 246 54 233 32.3 217.0
5 164.0 573 139 514 131 489 123 463 116 445 99.1 421 71 392
6 267 930 212 834 202 794 187 751 176 722 159 683 143 570
8 550 1910 469 1,710 436 1,630 401 1,540 379 1,480 350 1,400 312 1,310
10 1,010 3,480 940 3,120 885 2,970 825 2,810 786 2,700 735 2,550 670 2,380
12 1,610 5,590 1,398 5,010 1,305 4,770 1,220 4,519 1,106 4,340 1,085 4,100 995 3,820
14 2,160 7,250 1,880 6,500 1,780 6,190 1,650 5,850 1,580 5,620 1,470 5,320 1350 4,960
16 3,020 10,490 2,610 9,410 2,470 8,760 2,300 8,480 2,180 8,150 2,020 7,700 1840 7,180
18 4,100 14,500 3,580 13,200 3,350 12,400 3,100 13,200 2,920 12,600 2,720 11,000 2500 10,100
20 5,500 19,180 4,850 17,200 4,600 16,400 4,300 15,500 4,100 14,900 3,860 14,100 3580 13,100

1. The flows are based on a loss of head due to friction of fluids in given pipe size for fairly smooth pipe and is considered reasonably conservative. (C = 100)
2. For pitched gravity piping, the loss is one (1) foot per hundred feet of pipe.
3. The pressure piping losses are based on a loss of ten (10) feet per hundred feet of pipe. For short runs and few fittings, use next size smaller pipe;
for long runs or many fittings, use a size larger.
4. This chart is designed for rapid sizing of pipe for central coolant systems only. For large complex piping refer to Cameron Hydraulic Data Book.
5. SSU = Standard Sabolt Unit (viscosity).

Heat of Combustion Pound Per Pound of Combustible Gas

BTU per Pound Required for Combustion Products of Combustion
Name of Gas Symbol Mol Weight Gross Net O2 + N2 = Air CO2 H2P N2
Carbon (Solid) C 12.011 14,093 14,093 2.664 8.863 11.527 3.664 — 8.863
Hydrogen H2 2.016 61,100 51,623 7.937 26.407 34.344 — 8.937 26.407
Carbon Monoxide CO 28.010 4347 4347 0.571 1.900 2.471 1.571 — 1.900
Methane CH4 16.043 23,879 21,520 3.990 12.257 17.265 2.744 2.246 13.275
Ethane C2H6 30.070 22,320 20,432 3.725 12.394 16.119 2.927 1.798 12.394
Propane C3H8 44.097 21,661 19,994 3.629 12.074 15.703 2.994 1.634 12.074
Ethylene C2H4 28.054 21,644 20,295 3.422 11.385 14.807 3.138 1.285 11.385
Propylene C3H6 42.081 21,041 19,691 3.422 11.385 14.807 3.138 1.285 11.385
Acetylene C2H2 26.038 21,500 20,776 3.073 10.224 13.297 3.381 0.692 10.224
Combustion Constants of Hydrocarbon Gases

31
VS Series VS Series Specifications

The Global Measure of

(% / day)
NER**
Cryogenic Bulk Storage

.55
.45
.33
.25
.15
.10
.10
.10
.10
The leader in cryogenic bulk tankage for
over 40 years, Chart now offers the new

(175 psi) (250 psi)

13,500
24,500
36,800
44,100
52,100
59,900
VS Series Bulk Tanks that can be used in

3,800
5,100
7,000
Weight***
liquid nitrogen, oxygen or argon service.

(lbs)
Other tanks are available for liquid CO2

12,600
22,200
33,000
39,500
46,700
53,700
and N2O applications. As a global leader,

–
–
–
Chart offers equipment designed for
ASME, AD Merkblatter and other
international codes. Both 175 and 250
psig tanks (12 and 17 bar) are available

Height

102
134
188
228
382
347
406
465
525
in
as standards, with other pressures
available upon request.

Diameter
Advanced Insulation Technology

114
114
114
114
66
66
66
86
86
in
Provides Longer Holding Times
Chart’s continuing development of
insulation systems has resulted in

Pressure*
unsurpassed performance. Our

Working

250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
psig
composite insulation is a lightweight
system offering superior performance

175
175
175

175
175
175
–
–
–
compared to Perlite or Super-Insulation,
and is easier to maintain offering longer
product holding times.

* 400 and 500 psig tanks are available upon request.

Capacity
Nominal

15,093
11,145
13,119
1,509
3,037
5,841
9,084
491
845
Gal
Modular Piping System
Nothing comes close to our new heavy-duty modular piping system for
performance and low maintenance. The features and benefits include:

** (NER) = Nominal Evaporation Rate

Capacity
Gross

13,513
15,545

*** Weights are for ASME designs

11,480
• All-welded, stainless-steel piping modules

1,585
3,158
6,075
9,447
540
929
Gal
• Heavy duty bronze valves with extended bonnets
• Valve bonnet uniformity to reduce spare parts inventory
• Highest grade components for low to zero maintenance

Model

VS 13000NC
VS 15000NC
VS 11000NC
• Combination pressure building and economizer regulator for easy pressure

VS 3000NC
VS 6000NC
VS 9000NC
VS 1500NS
VS 525NS
VS 900NS
adjustment
• Standard level pressure gauge is the telemetry-ready Tank-Tel® electronic
gauge
• Optional level gauges include ITT Barton Model 288A with alarm contacts or
Tank-Tel gauge with DataQuest Telemetry
32 33
Siphon 100 Siphon 100 Specifications

Pumping 100% of the Liquid

15,000

15,545
15,093
1,737
1,697
1,405

.10%

57.0
575
175
114
100% of the Time
With a continuing commitment to cryogenic

13,000

13,513
13,119
1,509
1,475
1,221

.10%

49.7
516
175
114
systems, Chart has produced the Siphon 100
System to give you the most economical, reliable
and highest performing pumping system for high
pressure and liquid cylinder filling. Current cryogenic

11,000

11,480
11,145
1,282
1,253
1,037

.10%

41.4
457
175
114
tank and pumping systems have worked for years,
but increased efficiencies are now available using
the Siphon 100 with:

9,000

9,447
9,084
1,045
1,022

.10%

34.9
845

398
175
114
• Faster pump priming of 3 minutes or less
• Simpler and more reliable pump start-up for
automatic pump operation

6,000

6,075
5,841

.15%

23.7
• Utilization of all tank’s product liquid by allowing

672
657
543

423
175
86
tank to be pumped virtually empty
• Priming at 10 psi or less without the necessity for
pressure building

3,000

3,158
3,037

.25%

14.4
349
341
282

271
175
86
• Reduced product losses
• Longer life of high-wear pump parts
• Can operate two pumps at once

2,000

2,416
2,301

.25%

12.0
265
259
214

228
175
86
• Adapters available to match most pumps

1000 x scf
1000 x scf
1000 x scf

lbs x 1000
% per day
Dimensions & Pressure Ratings
Chart’s Siphon 100 system is the combination of two revolutionary technologies

gallons
gallons

inches
inches
in cryogenic bulk tanks.

psig
SPECIFICATIONS
• Thermal-Siphoning — improved and patented, the system reduces and
efficiently reprocesses the heat of pumping.

Working Pressure
• Composite Insulation — 30% to 70% more efficient than Super-Insulation

Liquid (Gross)

Empty Weight
Performance
Liquid (Net)
or Perlite in reducing the heat from the atmosphere.

NER (O2)
Capacity

Diameter
Gas (O2)

Gas (N2)
Gas (Ar)

Height
Model

34 35
VS-CO2 Bulk Storage VS-CO2 Bulk Storage Specifications

Our VS-CO2 Series of Bulk Carbon

Dioxide Storage Tanks continues the
pioneering of user-friendly engineered
products that we are accustomed to

56,900
50 Ton

45.8
48.1

350

406
designing. This design series offers the

114
strength and durability of an all-welded
outer container, while maintaining lower
life-cycle costs. Utilizing our composite
insulation system along with superior
vacuum technology, we are able to offer:
• An ultra-low heat leak, eliminating the
need for a costly refrigeration system

39,600
30 Ton

29.6
31.1

350

287
114
in most applications.
• No costly down time to refurbish
water-soaked or deteriorated foam
insulation.
Every VS-CO2 pressure vessel is
manufactured, tested and stamped in
accordance with the latest edition of the

17,400
14 Ton

12.6
13.2

350

228
86
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
Section VIII, Division I, using SA612
normalized steel. Our VS-CO2 Bulk
Stations are equipped with an internal
cleaning system operated externally,
eliminating the need for costly manways.
Simplified Plumbing Layout

9,400
6 Ton

350

188
6.4
6.8

68
• Stainless steel piping for greater strength and durability
• Stainless steel ball valves standard on all fill & process lines

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure

• Minimal number of piping joints, reducing potential piping leaks and
maintenance costs
• CGA fill and return fittings with drain valves standard on all models

Tons CO2
Tons CO2
• Optimum piping design results in flexible equipment connection

(psig)
• Dual regulator pressure-bleed system standard, eliminating any safety

(lbs)
(in)
(in)
concerns SPECIFICATIONS
• 6-Ton and 14-Ton Bulk Stations equipped with two liquid and two

Diameter
Weight*
Height
vapor connections

Gross

Dimensions
Net

* Tare Weight
• 30-Ton and 50-Ton Bulk Stations equipped with three liquid and
two vapor connections Capacity
Model

• 6-Ton equipped with capped refrigerant lines and internal coil

(available as option on all other models)

36 37
VS-DSS SERIES VS-DSS Specifications

Chart’s VS-DSS Series of vertical bulk

VS-6000-DSS
storage stations are engineered for

24,500

18,000
6,075
5,841
250

382

.15
86
superior performance, durability and
value. Equipped with Super Insulation,
a light-weight system offering better
thermal performance than Perlite, VS-
DSS Models provide reduced product
losses and a slower rate of pressure

VS-DSS 3000
rise during periods of non-use, while

13,500

18,000

Flow capability rating down to 15% contents level with a maximum fall off in tank operating pressure of 15 psi.
3,158
3,037
250

228

.25
86
backing up this performance with a
competitive 2-year warranty.
The modular piping system on our
cryogenic tanks was pioneered by
Chart, with user-friendly bronze valve

NER = Nominal Evaporation Rate

VS-DSS 1500
manifolds and separate economizer

1,585
1,509

6,900

9,000
and pressure building regulators

250

188

.35
66
coming standard. This means fewer
plumbing joints and lower maintenance
costs for you.
Now available in the 525, 900, 1500,
3000 and 6000 gallon models, these

VS-DSS 900
new DSS Models feature industry-

5,100

9,000
929
845
250

134

.45
66
standard thermal performance. The
modular plumbing system has been
selectively optimized to meet the flow
requirements of a complete range of
liquid or gas applications. While
including a comprehensive set of

VS-DSS 525
plumbing features, each circuit has

4,000

9,000
540
491
250

102

(% /day in O2) .55

66
been carefully designed to match the demands placed on these vessel sizes.

* Weights are for ASME designs

To improve your flexibility at time of purchase, dual safety-relief devices are
now standard, along with tank mounted vaporizers on the 900 and 1500 gallon

SPECIFICATIONS
sizes. These DSS Models also can be configured to meet your particular needs,

(SCFH)
which results in a complete design that makes the DSS Series the ideal choice

Flow Capability
Nominal (gal)

Weight* (lbs)
for your small bulk applications.

Diameter(in)
Height (in)
MAWP (psig)
Gross (gal)

Dimensions
Capacity
Model

NER
38 39
VS High Pressure Bulk Stations Headline To Go Here.
VS High Pressure Specifications

The High Pressure Bulk Tank Line is

NER = Nominal Evaporation Rate

used in liquid nitrogen, oxygen or

VS 15000NC
15,545
15,093

72,200
14,400
argon service and utilizes many of the

400

525
114

.10
standard VS Series Tank features and
functions. These HP Tanks are
engineered for superior performance,

VS 13000NC
durability and value, with the standard

13,513

62,700
13,119

8,600
400

465
114

.10
400 psig (27.6 bar) storage tank
designed to ASME code and available
in 900 - 15,000 gallon models. All of
the tanks come with mounted

VS 11000NC

53,700
11,480
11,145
pressure-building coils, and other sizes

8,100
400

406
114

.10
are available upon request.
The standard 500 psig (34.5 bar)
storage tank is also designed to ASME

VS 9000NC
code and is available in 900 - 6000

** Weights are for ASME designs

44,800
9,447
9,084

7,500
400

347
114

.10
gallon models, all coming with
mounted pressure-building coils. Other
sizes of 500 psig (34.5 bar) tanks are

29,700/33,000
available upon request.

VS 6000NC

7,900/4,700
400/500
6,075
5,841

382

.15
Remote pressure-building coil options

86
for both 400 and 500 psig (27.6 and
34.5 bar) with withdrawal rates of
60,000 and 1000,000 scfh (1,699 and

VS 3000NC

6,400/3,800
6,400/3,800
2,832 Nm3/hr) are available upon

400/500
3,158
3,037

228
request. Advanced insulation

.25
86
technology provides longer holding
times, and the continuing development
of insulation systems has resulted in unsurpassed performance. Our composite

8,400/9,500
5,900/3,600
VS 1500NS
insulation is a lightweight system offering superior performance compared to

400/500
1,585
1,509

188

.33
66
Perlite or Super-Insulation and is easier to maintain, offering longer product
hold times.

* Higher capacity coil available, refer to factory

Features and benefits include:

6,000/6,700
Flow Capability* (SCFH) 5,200/3,100
VS 900NS

400/500
929
845

134
• All welded stainless steel piping modules

(% /day in O2) .45

66
• Heavy duty bronze valves with extended bonnets
• Valve bonnet uniformity to reduce spare parts inventory SPECIFICATIONS

Working Pressure* (psig)

Gross Capacity (gal)
Nominal Capacity (gal)

(lbs)
(in)
(in)
• Highest grade components for low to zero maintenance
• Combination pressure building and economizer regulators are standard on all
400 psig (27.6 bar) units

Diameter

Weight**
• Separate pressure building and economizer regulators are standard on all

Height
Model

NER
500 psig (34.5 bar) units
40 41
Dura-Cyl® Dura-Cyl Specifications

A durable, user-friendly performer

265HP

4L292
5,438

6,634
5,305
5,034
6,811

2.0%
0.5%

57.8
276
265

400

360
350
110

26
Chart’s Dura-Cyl® liquid cylinders provide the
longest holding time, lowest evaporation rate,

265MP

4L200
5,769
7,186
6,982

2.0%

57.8
276
265

400

340
230
26
–
–

–
highest gas withdrawal rate and best life cycle
cost.
• Ideal for liquid nitrogen, oxygen, argon, CO2

230HP

4L292
4,734
5,930
5,763

1.8%
0.5%
4614
4378

52.9
240
230

400

340
350
110

26
or nitrous oxide
• Different sizes and pressures to better meet

230MP

4L200
your needs

5,024
6,244
6,073

1.8%

52.9
240
230

400

300
230
26
–
–

–
• Stainless steel construction, inside
and out

200HP

1.85%

4L292
4,072
5,048
4,932

0.5%
3810
4011

65.8
209
196

400

320
350
110

20
• Patented durable inner vessel support
system

200MP

1.85%

4L200
4,375
5,435
5,290
• Heavy-duty footring and large diameter

65.8
209
196

400

280
230
20
–
–

–
handling ring
• Combination Pressure Control Regulator

180HP

4L292
3,864
4,843
4,709
3,766
3,574

1.9%
0.5%

63.5
196
185

350

300
350
110

20
180MP

4L200
4,099
5,096
4,961

1.9%

63.5
196
185

350

260
230
20
–
–

–
160HP

4L292
3,464
4,348
4,226
3,382
3,207

0.5%

59.6
176
165

350

280
350
110
2%

20
160MP

4L200
3,685
4,577
4,448

59.6
176
165

350

250
230
2%

20
–
–

–
The Dura-Cyl liquid cylinder’s LCCM integrally
mounted pressure control manifold eliminates

Size/Pressure
all plumbing fittings and permits field adjustable

% per day
% per day
operating pressure with a calibrated knob.

Dimensions & Pressure Ratings

ft 3/hr
ft 3/hr
liters
liters

psig
ft 3
ft 3
ft 3
ft 3
ft 3

in
in
lb
SPECIFICATIONS

Gas Flow (CO2 or N2O)

Gas Flow (N2, O2, Ar)
The Dura-Cyl liquid cylinder’s MCR uses a

Relief Valve Setting

NER (CO2 - N2O)
combination pressure building and economizer

DOT/CTC Rating
Liquid (Gross)

Empty Weight
Performance
regulator. The calibrated adjusting screw gives
Liquid (Net)

Gas (CO2)
Gas (N2O)
a quick and accurate way to adjust the
Capacity

Gas (O2)

Diameter
NER (N)
Gas (Ar)
Gas (N)
Model

Height
container’s operating pressure. A retrofit kit of
the regulator is also available.

42 43
Cryo-Cyl® LP Cryo-Cyl LP Specifications

A stable, efficient performer

230SB**

4L100
1.5%
1.0%

54.8
240
230

311
22
26
230RB*

4L100
1.5%
1.0%

54.8
240
230

275
22
26

4L100
1.5%
1.0%

63.5
180

196
185

210
22
20
Chart’s Cryo-Cyl® LP liquid cylinder

4L100
2.0%
1.4%
120*

120

165
110

22
20
51
product line is designed specifically for low
pressure liquid applications.
• Ideal for laboratories and hospitals where

**Square caster base

liquid nitrogen is used
• Rugged, oversized canisters offer low

4L292
3.0%
2.0%
The optional pressure building

39.5
165
350
80*
center of gravity making them safer and

85
80

20
easier to handle kit includes a regulator and
plumbing components.
• Attractive polished stainless steel outer jacket
• Optional pressure building regulator kit

Dimensions & Pressure Ratings

(% per day)
(% per day)
turns any Cryo-Cyl LP liquid cylinder into a

(inches)
(inches)
pressure building unit

(liters)
(liters)

Relief Valve Setting (psig)

Size

(lbs)
• Pressure building circuit on the inside of
SPECIFICATIONS
each cylinder

DOT/CTC Rating
• Extended stem liquid valve

*Round caster base

NER (O2 or Ar)
Liquid (Gross)

Empty Weight
Performance
Liquid (Net)
• Super Insulation provides lowest NER On the new Cryo-Cyl LP liquid
Capacity

Diameter
NER (N)
cylinder, the liquid valve is an
Model

Height
• Optional stainless steel casters make the extended stem globe valve
Cryo-Cyl LP liquid cylinder a non-magnetic which allows for less ice build-
cylinder ideal for MRI service up on the handle and easier
operation.
44 45
46
Mega-Cyl®

Quality Features include:

Maximum Versatility

• Spray header for pump filling

specifically designed to optimize distribution costs.

• High performance Super Insulation

• Easily accessible valves and gauges
• Tough, durable stainless-steel construction
all pressures for a variety of services up to 350 psig (24.1 bar) and is

the quality features you expect from the industry leader, Chart Industries.
designed for easy transport, with a capacity of up to 1000 liters. Engineered
with the volume user in mind, it’s ideal for construction sites, remote purging
operations and back-up systems. The Mega-Cyl liquid cylinder is available in
The Mega-Cyl® Liquid Cylinder introduces Chart’s line of palletized cylinders,

Examine the rugged, maneuverable Mega-Cyl liquid cylinder and you’ll find all

SPECIFICATIONS
Model
Size/Pressure 450MP 450HP 800HP 1000HP
Capacity
Liquid (Gross) (liters) 450 450 880 1,056
Liquid (Net) (liters) 428 428 800 950
Gas (N) (ft 3) 9,589 8,875 19,672 23,363
Gas (O2) (ft 3) 11,474 11,111 24,320 28,843
Gas (Ar) (ft 3) 11,003 10,812 23,767 28,234
Gas (CO2) (ft 3) – 8,652 16,255 18,580
Performance
NER (O2) (% per day) 1.4% 1.4% 1.2% . .9%
Gas Flow (N, O2, Ar) (ft 3 / hr) 575 575 880 960
Gas Flow (CO2 or N2O) (ft 3 / hr) – 195 280 300
Dimensions & Pressure Ratings
Diameter (cylinder) (in) 30 30 42 42
Height (cylinder) (in) 62 62 67 76
Base Width (frame) (in) 34 34 45 45
Base Depth (frame) (in) 34 34 45 45
Height (frame) (in) 74 74 80 80
Tare Weight (cyl + frame) (lbs) 1,250 1,275 2,500 2,650
Relief Valve Setting (psig/bar) 250 350 350 350
DOT/CTC Rating 4L212 4L292 ASME ASME

* Customized pallets are available upon request. ** Atmospheric gas based on net volume at 0 psig, CO2 values and 450 liter units based on DOT4L fill density.
47
Mega-Cyl Specifications

*** Weights are approximate and vary with pallet design.

**** Other sizes are available upon request
Laser-Cyl Laser-Cyl Specifications

Maximum Efficiency with

SPECIFICATIONS
High Capacity Performance Model Size / Pressure 200VHP 450VHP
Capacity
Liquid (Gross) (liters) 204 450
Liquid (Net) (liters) 200 428
Gas (N) (ft 3) 3,588 7,922
Gas (O2) (ft 3) 4,770 10,519
Gas (Ar) (ft 3) 4,642 10,241
Gas (CO2) (ft 3) 3,609 7,960
Gas (N20) (ft 3) 3,408 7,516
Performance
NER (N) (% per day) 1.8% 1.8%
NER (O2 or Ar) (% per day) 1.12% 1.12%
NER (CO2 or N2O) (% per day) 0.5% 0.5%
Gas Flow (N, O2, Ar) (ft 3/hr) 350 575
Gas Flow (CO2 or N2O) (ft 3/hr) 110 180
Dimensions & Pressure Ratings
Designed specifically for laser applications, the Laser-Cyl’s liquid cylinder’s
Diameter (Cylinder) (in) 20 30
automatic pressure builder and economizer systems deliver optimal pressure
up to 500 psig (34.5 bar). The top-mounted valve cluster puts total control at Height (Cylinder) (in) 65.8 61.3
your fingertips. The built-in vaporizer coil supplies gas at continuous flow rates Base Width (Frame) (in) – 34
3
up to 575 SCFH (15.1 Nm ).
Base Depth (Frame) (in) – 34
The Laser-Cyl liquid cylinder is a high performance option to expensive Base Height (Frame) (in) – 73.8
manifolded high-pressure cylinder banks. The Laser-Cyl 450 product uses a
differential pressure liquid level gauge that accurately shows the amount of Tare Weight (lbs) 375 1,265*
product in the container. All operational valves are easy to reach, located on Relief Valve Setting (psig) 500 500
the top of the tank. DOT/CTC Rating 4L412 4L412
Quality Features:
• Automatic pressure builder and economizer systems maintain optimal * Weights are approximate and vary with pallet design
operating pressure
• Built-in vaporizer coils supply constant pressure gas at continuous flow
rates up to 575 SCFH (15.1 Nm3)
• Piping controls located on top of the vessel for easy operation and
maintenance

48 49
Ultra Helium Dewar Ultra Helium Dewar Specifications

Durability and
High Performance

1,050
1,000

1,050
1.0%
1000

77.4
67.5

10
10

52

12
Chart’s Ultra Helium
Dewars are built for
reliable transport. They
are light, maneuverable

1.0%

70.6
56.4
500

550
500

480
10

10
42

12
and durable, while
providing superior
thermal performance.
The base design and

1.0%
250*

67.4
54.4
275
250

348
10

10
32

12
outboard casters provide
maximum stability.

1.25%

43.8
100

100

212
110

10

24

10
59

12
Available in sizes ranging from 60 to 1,000 liters, the Ultra Helium Dewars are
suitable for air transport with an optional absolute pressure relief valve. The

1.75%

50.1
neck tube has a unique, proven support system that allows these dewars to

184
60

66
60

10

24

10
35

12
survive constant transportation. All models are nonmagnetic for MRI service.

*PB optional, Locking casters optional

(% per day)
(liters)
(liters)

Dimensions & Pressure Ratings

(psig)

Main Relief Valve Setting (psig)

(psig)
Size

(lbs)
(in)
(in)
(in)
SPECIFICATIONS

Secondary Relief Valve

Dip Tube Length
Liquid (Gross)
The controls are conveniently located on the top of the dewar, with nesting fill

Performance

Tare Weight
Liquid (Net)
couplings to accept various standard transfer lines. The optional electric Capacity

Diameter
Model

MAWP

Height
pressure builder can increase pressure quickly for liquid transfer, and has two

NER
pre-set ranges (4 & 8 psi) for efficient liquid helium withdrawal:
• Maximum durability and light weight
• Outstanding thermal performance
• Large ball valves for up to 3/4" transfer lines

50 51
Trifecta® Trifecta Specifications

System Requirements
Laser Assist Gas Supply System • 15 amp, 110 VAC power, dedicated circuit
• Bulk storage tank with 50 psig minimum pressure
• External vaporizer, minimum 550 psig working pressure, sized for maximum flow rate
• Two piping connections to bulk storage tank (liquid withdrawal, low phase instrument line)
• High flow pressure regulation
DIMENSIONS
Height 96" 2,440 mm
Length 47" 1,195 mm
Width 55" 1,400 mm
Weight 5K 1,700 lbs. 770 kg
Weight 10K 1,750 lbs. 795 kg
Weight 15K 1,800 lbs. 815 kg

Trifecta® is the preferred solution for reliable and continuous laser assist gases
for pressures up to 450 psi and flow rates up to 15,000 scfh. Drawing liquid
from a standard bulk tank, the Trifecta system boosts the liquid pressure by
alternately feeding two liquid cylinders equipped with innovative multi-function
pressure building vaporizers.
Product Highlights:
• On-site system utilizes standard low-pressure bulk tank to lower investment
and use existing assets.
• No downtime - system maintains pressure and flow when bulk tank is filled
and eliminates excessive product losses associated with high pressure bulk
tanks.
• Robust design features streamlined - all stainless steel piping with only five
control valves and one integrated electronic control system (PLC) for
increased durability and reliability with lower maintenance.
• Tank-Tel and Cyl-Tel monitor systems for user-friendly pressure and level
measurement and control.

52 53
 •
•
•
•

54
Features
Perma-Cyl®

Fast Fill Capability

Extended Hold Time

Telemetry Compatibility

• Very low NER/product loss

the Perma-Cyl design revolutionary is:

more thermally efficient ASME version

• Heavy gauge, stainless steel outer shell

Lo-Loss Fill With Automatic Fill Termination

periods without venting, limiting product losses during periods of nonuse.

• Designed for very fast, automatic fills utilizing the Orca delivery system
designed to have an actual fill-time of three minutes or less with little or no
loss under normal conditions. The vessel will allow liquid to be held for long
When filled by an Orca MicroBulk Delivery System, the Perma-Cyl vessel is

• The Perma-Cyl 230 is available in a transportable DOT-4L version or the

The Perma-Cyl® liquid cylinder is an innovative design, evolving from proven
technology Chart has been using for years on our liquid cylinders. What makes

• Unique auto shut-off feature allows remote filling with optional wall box and hose

• Differential-pressure liquid-level gauge standard, optional Cyl-Tel gauge available

DESCRIPTION 230L C 230L C 230L C 230L C 265L 300L 450L 450L 450L 450L 700L 1000L 1000L 1500L 1500L 2000L
MP,LCCM MP,LCCM HP,LCCM HP,LCCM MP MP HP MP HP VHP HP HP VHP HP VHP VHP
Sq Base Rnd Base Sq Base Rnd Base Sq Base Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Pallet Pallet Pallet
w/casters w/casters w/casters w/casters w/casters Base Base Base Base Base Base Base Base Base Base Base
CAPACITY (Liters)
Gross 240 240 240 240 276 330 450 450 450 450 688 1,056 1,056 1,550 1,550 2,042
Net 230 230 230 230 265 300 420 420 420 420 645 950 950 1,455 1,455 1,945
MAWP
psig 235 235 350 350 235 300 350 250 350 500 350 350 500 350 500 500
bar 16.2 16.2 24.1 24.1 16.2 20.7 24.1 17.2 24.1 34.5 24.1 24.1 34.5 24.1 34.5 34.5
MAXIMUM PRE-SET OPERATING PRESSURE
psig 125 125 300 300 125 250 300 125 300 450 300 300 450 300 450 450
bar 8.6 8.6 20.7 20.7 8.6 17.2 20.7 8.6 20.7 31.0 20.7 20.7 31.0 20.7 31.0 31.0
DESIGN SPEC DOT DOT DOT DOT DOT ASME DOT ASME ASME ASME ASME ASME ASME ASME ASME ASME
STORAGE CAPACITY (1)
Nitrogen
SCF 5,024 5,024 4,734 4,734 5,769 7,380 8,875 10,332 10,332 10,332 15,860 24,350 24,350 35,790 35,790 47,847
Nm3 142 142 134 134 152 193 271 272 272 272 449 689 689 1,013 1,013 1,257
Oxygen
SCF 6,244 6,244 5,930 5,930 7,186 9,100 11,124 12,760 12,760 12,760 19,600 30,070 30,070 44,220 44,220 59,089
Nm3 177 177 168 168 189 184 315 336 336 336 554 850 850 1,250 1,250 1,553

Argon
SCF 6,073 6,073 5,763 5,763 6,982 8,850 10,812 12,478 12,478 12,478 19,160 29,400 29,400 43,220 43,220 57,786
Nm3 172 172 163 163 183 234 306 328 328 328 542 832 832 1,223 1,223 1,519
Carbon Dioxide
SCF N/A N/A 4,500 4,500 N/A N/A 8,312 N/A 8,200 8,200 12,608 19,960 19,960 29,340 29,340 38,048
Nm 3 -- -- 118 118 -- -- 235 -- 232 232 357 564 564 830 830 1,000
THERMAL PERFORMANCE (2) (NER%/DAY)
N2 1.8% 1.8% 1.8% 1,8% 2.0% 1.2% 1.9% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
O2-Ar 1.12% 1.12% 1.12% 1.12% 1.4% 0.74% 1.2% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.62% 0.62% 0.62% 0.62% 0.62% 0.62%
CO2 .6% .6% .6% .6% -- .4% .6% .5% .5% .5% .3% .3% .3% .3% .3% .3%
GAS DELIVERY RATE (LIN/LAR/LOX)
SCF/H 400 400 400 400 400 500 575 575 575 575 660 960 960 1,350 1,350 2,000(3)
Nm3/h 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 14.1 15.1 15.1 15.1 15.1 18.6 25.2 25.2 35.4 35.4 52.4
GAS DELIVERY RATE (CO2
SCF/H N/A N/A 133 133 N/A N/A 192 192 192 192 220 320 320 450 450 667
Nm3/h -- -- 3.8 3.8 -- -- 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 6.2 9.0 9.0 12.7 12.7 17.5
DIMENSIONS
Diameter
In 26 26 26 26 26 26 30 30 30 30 42 42 42 48 48 48
mm 660 660 660 660 660 660 762 762 762 762 1,067 1,067 1,067 1,219 1,219 1,219
Height
In 54.8 52.9 54.8 52.9 62 68 68 68 68 68 60 81 81 91 91 117
55

mm 1,392 1,344 1,392 1,344 1,575 1,727 1,727 1,727 1,727 1,727 1,524 2,058 2,058 2,311 2,311 2,970
Tare Weight
Lbs 300 300 340 340 340 450 688 605 688 812 1,065 1,750 2,080 2,692 3,200 3,860
Kg 136 136 154 154 154 204 312 274 312 368 483 794 945 1,221 1,451 1,751
Perma-Cyl Specifications

All specifications are subject to change without prior notice

1) Values are based on net capacity at 0 psig (0 bar) for ASME vessels. CO2 vessels are based on net capacity at 300 psi (20.7 bar). DOT vessels are per code.
2) Values are based on gross capacity
3) Optional 3,500 SCF/H (92 Nm3h) model
Orca MicroBulk Delivery System Orca Specifications

SPECIFICATIONS Orca Orca Orca

HL-2000 HL-2800 HL-3300
***DOT NET Capacity (gal) 1,905 2,559 3,020
MAWP (psig) 50 50 50
Length (in) 198 242 271
Diameter (in) 80 80 80
Height (in) 87 87 87
Tare Weight* (lbs) 7,800 8,700 9,800
* For MC338 tank only. For CGA 341 tank, lower operating
pressure, refer to factory for weights and dimensions.
Chart’s distribution system has been designed to complete an entire fill ** For Argon and Nitrogen Service
operation in approximately three minutes - from the moment the driver comes Design: ASME SEC VIII, Div. I / DOT MC-338 / CGA 341
to a stop to the time the flow meter terminates the operation. The Orca mobile
utilizes assets more fully, reducing labor costs and serving more customers.
A “smart” flow
metering system
monitors flow
Features: electronically.
• Fast on-site filling of Perma-Cylinders
• DOT Liquid Cylinders can be filled on site with scale Back view
of Orca truck
• Filling of MicroBulk tanks
• Instantaneous push-button delivery of product
• No complex valves to operate
• “Smart” flow metering system reduces required operator training
• Special delivery hose and purge connector keeps contamination and
cooldown to a minimum
• Electronic control allows for fast in-and-out deliveries and invoicing
• Vessel designed for rugged road conditions
• Stainless steel plumbing with bronze valves for additional reliability
• Low-maintenance submerged pump for instant starts and continuous delivery
• Robust inner support system

56 57
Accessories Accessories

Chart — Your Single Source Supplier Hospital Reserve Kit

of Cryogenic Equipment Hospital oxygen applications
require a backup supply of oxygen.
Customer needs are the top priority with us. From handling carts to the largest The Chart hospital reserve kit
cryogenic vessels, we have the accessories to create an efficient system for you. connects the primary supply (Chart
bulk storage tank) with the back-up
supply. If the primary supply of
oxygen is interrupted, the reserve kit
Dual Relief Valves automatically switches to the back-
up supply and provides a local and
With dual relief valves, one remote warning.
cylinder can be used for both liquid
(low pressure) and gas (medium
pressure) accounts, which
maximizes the flexibility of your
liquid cylinders. Handling Carts
Chart provides a variety of
handling carts, roller bases,
and accessories to make the
transportation of liquid
cylinders safe and easy.
Hose
Stainless steel transfer lines that
remain flexible during liquid
transfer can be coupled with a
bronze phase separator.

Lo-Loss Filling System

The Chart lo-loss system reduces
liquid cylinder filling losses
without increasing filling times.
Muffler This safe, easy and economical
filling device can be fitted for
When attached to the vent manual or automatic
connection of the liquid cylinder, operation. It is available
the Chart muffler can reduce the as single or multiple gas
venting noise during the fill. systems.

58 59
Accessories XC & SC Series

-192°C* Liquid Nitrogen Freezers

The XC and SC series are designed for the user who has small capacity
M45 Manifold needs, but requires long-term storage and low liquid nitrogen consumption in a
convenient lightweight package. By integrating features that users have
The M45 Manifold is a convenient, automatic way of increasing the gas
requested with the widest variety of holding times and storage capacities, MVE
delivery rate to any application. The unique changeover value automatically
Aluminum Freezers are the units of choice.
switches from the primary bank of cylinders to the secondary bank when
needed. An indicator light shows when this occurs, so replacement cylinders Accessories:
can be ordered.
• Caster Base • Transfer Hose • Plastic Boxes
The economizer functions of all tanks still work through the M45 Manifold. Tank
pressure and delivery pressure are shown on the manifold, while other features • Canister • Phase Separator • Freezing Tray
include: • Spare Corks • Square Racks (34/18 and
(47/11-6 only) 47/11-6 only)
• All stainless steel cabinet can • Hoses are easily mounted to • Level Stick
be wall mounted or used with the cabinet
the optional floor stand. * Actual temperature may be ±10°C depending on current atmospheric condition,
• Takes up to six liquid cylinders container history and actual product being stored.

Vaporizers
Free standing or tank mounted, these vaporizers
which gasify the liquid product are available in
standard sizes ranging from 250 to 5000 standard
cubic feet per hour and rated to 600 psig.

60 61
 SPECIFICATIONS

62
XC Millennium
MODEL 20 XC 21/6 XC 22/5 XC 32/8 XC 33/22 XC 34/18 XC 43/28 XC 4711-6SQ XC 47/11-6 XC 47/11-10
Max. Storage Capacity
No. of canisters 6 9 6 9 6 10 6 6 sq. 6 10
No. of 1/2 cc straws (10/cane) 720 N/A 2,400 2,520 1,260 2,800 1,260 - 4,500 3,500
No. of 1/2 cc straws (1 Level Bulk) 1,122 3,870 3,666 3,960 1,764 4,400 1,764 - 6,216 5,000
No. of 1.2 & 2.0 ml vials (5/cane) 210 N/A 810 855 360 950 360 - 1,320 1,050
No. of Racks (25 Vials) 750
Performance
Liquid nitrogen capacity (liters) 20.5 21 22.4 32 33.4 34.8 42.2 47.4 47.4 47.4
Static evaporation rate (liters/day)* 0.09 0.25 0.35 0.35 0.14 0.24 0.14 0.39 0.39 0.39
XC Series Specifications

Normal working duration (days)** 140 53 40 57 154 90 193 76 76 76

Unit Dimensions
Neck opening (in) 2.18 3.5 3.81 3.81 2.75 4 2.75 5 5 5
Overall height (in) 25.7 17.2 22 21.5 26 25 26.4 26.5 26.5 26.5
Outside diameter (in) 14.5 18.2 14.5 18.2 18.2 18.25 20 20 20 20
Canister height (in) 11 5 11 11 11 11 11 - 11 11
Canister diameter (in) 1.65 2.75 3.09 2.62 2.22 2.6 2.22 - 4 4
Weight empty (lbs) 23 30 26 30 34 34 36 42 42 42
Weight full (lbs) 59.5 62.5 66 87 94 95 111 120.4 120.4 120.4
* Static evaporation rate and static holding time are nominal. Actual rate and holding time will be affected by the nature of container use,
atmospheric conditions, and manufacturing tolerances.
** Normal working duration is an arbitrary reference to estimate container performance under normal operating conditions. Actual working time may vary due to current
atmospheric conditions, container history, manufacturing tolerances and any individual patterns of use.

SPECIFICATIONS
SC
MODEL SC 3/3 SC 8/5 SC 11/7 SC 16/11 Millennium 20 SC 20/20 SC 36/32 SC 33/26
Max. Storage Capacity
No. of canisters 6 6 6 9 6 6 6 6
No. of 1/2 cc straws (10/cane) – – 540 – 540 540 540 540
No. of 1/2 cc straws (1 Level Bulk) 732 732 732 1098 780 780 780 780
No. of 1.2 & 2.0 ml vials (5/cane) – – 150 – 150 150 150 150
Performance
Liquid nitrogen capacity (liters) 3.6 8.4 11.0 16.4 20.5 20.5 36.5 33
Static evaporation rate (liters/day)* 0.12 0.15 0.15 0.14 .095 0.09 0.10 0.13
Normal working duration (days)** 19 35 46 74 135 142 224 182
Unit Dimensions
Neck opening (in) 2 2 2 2 2.18 2 2 2
Overall height (in) 16 18.5 21.6 17.5 25.7 25.7 27.2 25.9
Outside diameter (in) 8.7 10.2 10.2 17.2 14.5 14.5 18.2 18.2
Canister height (in) 5 5 11 5 11 11 11 11
Canister diameter (in) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Weight empty (lbs) 8 12 17 14 23 26 34 34
Weight full (lbs) 14.4 27 36.6 43 59.5 62.5 100 93.4
* Static evaporation rate and static holding time are nominal. Actual rate and holding time will be affected by the nature of container use,
atmospheric conditions, and manufacturing tolerances.
** Normal working duration is an arbitrary reference to estimate container performance under normal operating conditions. Actual working time may vary due to current
63
SC Series Specifications

atmospheric conditions, container history, manufacturing tolerances and any individual patterns of use.
Lab Series Lab Series Specifications

SS TRANSFER UNIT

16.5
N/A

14

20
11
6
5

8
LAB 50

0.49

30.7

123
2.5

14
50

22

17

34
LAB 30

0.22

14.9
24.1
2.5

14
32

17

27
84
LAB 20

0.18

13.7
24.7
14.5
11.4
21

19
56
2
Liquid Nitrogen Storage Container
The Lab Series of cryogenic dewars earned their name from their worldwide

LAB 10
acceptance in laboratories and medical offices. These high-efficiency,

0.18

13.5
21.5
10.3
8.3
2.2
10

13
31
Super-Insulated dewars are the most convenient, economical way to store and
dispense liquid nitrogen. Many lab units can be fitted with pouring spouts,
pressurized dispensing devices or dippers to aid in the transfer of liquid nitrogen.

LAB 5

0.15

10.5
18.2
2.2

8.8
6.5

17
5

8
Accessories:
• Transfer Hose • Swivel Dipper • Pressurized
• Phase Separator • Dipper Discharge Device

LAB 4

0.19

16.8

5.5
1.4
7.8

7.3

13
4

6
• Pouring Spout • Spare Corks • Caster Base

(liters/day)
(liters)

(lbs)
(lbs)
(in)
(in)
(in)
(in)
(in)
Cryo-Cyl Series

SPECIFICATIONS

Static Evaporation Rate

The Cryo-Cyl 35 and 50 units operate at 22 psig and can be used to supply
liquid through a transfer hose to your application. A convenient pressure and

Unit Dimensions

Outside diameter
liquid level gauge monitor the operation of the cylinder.

Internal diameter
Overall height
Neck opening
Usable height
Performance

Weight empty
Net Capacity

Weight full
Model

64 65
66
• Canisters
Accessories:

• Spare Corks
• Shipping Carton

• Cryo-Shipper Frame
Vapor Shippers

assuring the maximum holding time.

“non-hazardous” classification throughout the world.

durable, lightweight aluminum, they contain a hydro-phobic absorbent that
of biological samples at cryogenic (-150°C) temperatures. Fabricated from

A protective shipping carton is available for all models, which protects the
contains the liquid nitrogen. The absorbent also repels moisture and humidity,

container from being placed on its side and helps in withstanding the rigors
of transportation. These containers can be used to ship your samples with a
The MVE Vapor Shipper containers are designed for the safe transportation
-150°C* Liquid Nitrogen Specimen Transport

SPECIFICATIONS MINI CRYO CRYO CRYO

MODEL SC 2/1 V SC 4/2 V SC 4/3 V SC 20/12V XC 20/3V* MOOVER MOOVER SHIPPER SHIPPER XC
Maximum Storage Capacity
No. of canisters 1 1 1 6 4 + 1 Center 1 7 1 Rack -
No. of 1/2 cc straws (10/cane) - 280 120 540 2,500/2,000* 60 3080 - -
No. of 1/2 cc straws (1 Level Bulk) 88 440 210 780 3,750/3,000* 88 4,354 - -
No. of 1/4 cc straws (1 Level Bulk) 182 938 452 6750/6000* 7,410/6,000* - 8,904 - -
No. of 1.2 & 2.0 ml vials (5/cane) - 95 40 150 675/560* 20 945 - -
No. of 1.2 & 2.0 ml vials (6/cane) 9 106 48 180 840/672* 24 1,134 500 966 (Bulk)
No. of blood bag stored (4R9953) - - - - - - - 10 10
Performance
Liquid nitrogen capacity (liters) 1.5 3.6 4.3 12.3 6.8 2.9 4. 2 8.5 10
Static evaporation rate (liters/day) 0.19 0.26 0.20 0.09 0.3 0.20 0.35 0.85 0.70
Static holding time (days) 8 14 21 85 23 14 12 10 14
Unit Dimensions
Neck opening (in) 1.4 2.75 2 2 3.81 1.4 3.8 8.5 8.5
Overall height (in) 13.5 18.4 19.4 25.7 25 19.5 22 21.5 23
Outside diameter (in) 7.25 8.7 8.7 14.5 14.5 7.2 18.3 14.5 15
Canister height (in) 5 11 11 11 11 11 11 - 12.5
Canister diameter (in) 1.2 2.62 1.81 1.5 3.2 1.2 3.1 - -
Weight empty (lbs) 6 11 13 30 23 8 30.5 24 30
Weight full (lbs) 8.8 18 20.6 52 35 11.6 38 37.5 47
Static evaporation rate and static holding time are nominal. Actual rate and holding time will be affected by the nature of container use, atmospheric
conditions, and manufacturing tolerances.
* With center absorbent canister - 3 week holding time; without center absorbent canister - two week holding time, greater storage capacity
67
Vapor Shipper Specifications
Carbo-Mite Carbo-Mite Specifications

SPECIFICATIONS CARBO-MITE
Dimensions
Technical Features Diameter (in) 20
The Carbo-Mite system is Height (with legs add 6 in) (in) 34
designed to meet the needs of
Empty Weight (lbs) 155
consumers who use less than 100
lbs of CO2 per month. Beverage Full Weight (lbs) 326
providers who once thought their Design Criteria
usage was too small for bulk CO2 Code ASME**
can now enjoy increased fountain MAWP (psig) 300
profits, enhanced beverage quality,
Insulation type Vacuum with Super Insulation
added safety and a continuous flow
of CO2. Features of the Carbo-Mite Capacity
product include: Net Volume (gal) 18
Liquid Storage Capacity (lbs) 171
• 34" height allows it to fit under Performance
most counters Normal Evaporation Rate (NER)* (lbs/day) 1.2
• Easy-to-read gauges for CO2 Continuous CO2 Delivery Rate (lbs/hr) .75
contents and tank pressure Peak Flow Rate (lbs/hr) 1.5
• Fully automatic system Components
requires no electricity ASME Relief Valve Setting (psig) 300
• Versatility offers both Secondary RV Setting (psig) 450
1
permanent and portable Gas Use Connection (in) /4 x 45o Male Flare
installation Fill Line Connection (in)
5
/8 x 45o Male Flare
1
• Safe, low operating Vent Connection (in) /2 OD Tube
pressure of 125 psi Construction
• Proprietary vacuum-regeneration Inner Vessel Material Stainless Steel
system for convenient on-site Outer Vessel Material Stainless Steel
maintenance Liquid Level Gauge Float/Magnetic
• Stainless steel, double-walled,
vacuum insulated container * No loss in normal applications
**ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Design Section VIII, Div. I

68 69
Carbo-Charger Carbo-Charger Specifications

SPECIFICATIONS CARBO-CHARGER
Dimensions
Diameter (in) 20
Technical Features Height (with legs add 6 in) (in) 51
The Carbo-Charger Bulk CO2 Empty Weight (lbs) 216
System is an affordable alternative Full Weight (lbs) 522
to high pressure CO2 cylinders.
This system is designed to meet Design Criteria
the CO2 gas requirement of Code ASME**
operations using less than 150 MAWP (psig) 300
pounds of CO2 per month. Other Insulation type Vacuum with Super Insulation
features include: Capacity
• Stainless steel, double-walled, Net Volume (gal) 32
vacuum insulated container Liquid Storage Capacity (lbs) 306
• Proprietary vacuum- Performance
regeneration system for
Normal Evaporation Rate (NER)* (lbs/day) 2.0
convenient, on-site
Continuous CO2 Delivery Rate (lbs/hr) 1.0
maintenance
Peak Flow Rate (lbs/hr) 3.0
• Safe, low operating pressure
of 125 psi Components
ASME Relief Valve Setting (psig) 300
• Easy-to-read gauges for CO2
contents and tank pressure Secondary RV Setting (psig) 450
1
Gas Use Connection (in) /4 x 45o Male Flare
• Efficient gas withdrawal 5
Fill Line Connection (in) /8 x 45o Male Flare
system supplies CO2 gas in 1
Vent Connection (in) /2 OD Tube
excess of 3 pounds per hour
• Fully automatic system requires Construction
no electricity Inner Vessel Material Stainless Steel
Outer Vessel Material Stainless Steel
• Optional 6" welded
uni-body legs Liquid Level Gauge Float/Magnetic
* No loss in normal applications
**ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Design Section VIII, Div. I

70 71
Carbo-Mizer® Carbo-Mizer Specifications

CARBO-MIZER
SPECIFICATIONS 450
Technical
Features Dimensions

The Carbo-Mizer® Bulk CO2 Diameter (in) 20

System is designed to meet all of Height (with legs add 6 in) (in) 65.8
your CO2 gas requirements. One Empty Weight (lbs) 273
tank provides continuous CO2 Full Weight (lbs) 726
supply for single or multiple
applications. Other features Design Criteria
include: Code ASME**
MAWP (psig) 300
• Stainless-steel, double-walled,
vacuum-insulated container Insulation type Vacuum with Super Insulation

• Patented Sure-Fill System Capacity

ensures a complete fill every Net Volume (gal) 48
time, with no manual venting Liquid Storage Capacity (lbs) 453
required
Performance
• Proprietary vacuum- Normal Evaporation Rate (NER)*(lbs/day) 2.5
regeneration system for
Continuous CO2 Delivery Rate (lbs/hr) 5.5
convenient, on-site
Peak Flow Rate (lbs/hr) 10.0
maintenance
• Patented CO2 impurity Components
removal system ASME Relief Valve Setting (psig) 300
Secondary Relief Valve Setting (psig) 450
• Stable 6" uni-body legs allow 1
for easy cleaning around unit Gas Use Connection (in) /4 x 45o Male Flare
5
Fill Line Connection (in) /8 x 45o Male Flare
• Efficient gas-withdrawal 1
Vent Connection (in) /2 OD Tube
system meets multiple flow
Construction
requirements
Inner Vessel Material Stainless Steel
• Easy-to-read gauges for CO2 Outer Vessel Material Stainless Steel
contents and tank pressure
Liquid Level Gauge Float/Magnetic
• Safe, low operating pressure
* No loss in normal applications
of 125 psi
**ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Design Section VIII, Div. I
• Fully automatic system
requires no electricity

72 73
Carbo-Max 750HF Carbo-Max 750HF Specifications

The Carbo-Max 750 High Flow

SPECIFICATIONS CARBO-MAX 750
container is designed to meet the Dimensions
CO2 gas requirements for high- Diameter (in) 26
flow applications. The Carbo-Max Height (with legs add 6 in) (in) 68
750 product features a proprietary, Empty Weight (lbs) 430
internal, stainless-steel vaporizer Full Weight (lbs) 1,201
that provides superior CO2 gas
delivery at a rate of over 15 lbs. Design Criteria
per hour. Code ASME**
MAWP (psig) 300
Insulation Type Vacuum with Super Insulation
Technical Features Capacity
• Stainless-steel, double-walled, Net Volume (gal) 82
vacuum-insulated container Liquid Storage Capacity (lbs) 771
• Proprietary vacuum-
Performance
regeneration system for
Normal Evaporation Rate (NER)* (lbs/day) 3.0
convenient, on-site
maintenance Continuous CO2 Delivery Rate (lbs/hr) 15.0
Peak Flow Rate (lbs/hr) N/A
• Patented Sure-Fill System
guarantees a complete fill Components
every time with no manual ASME Relief Valve Setting (psig) 300
venting required Secondary RV Setting (psig) 450
1
• Safe, low-operating pressure Gas Use Connection (in) /4 x 45o Male Flare
5
of 140 psi Fill Line Connection (in) /8 x 45o Male Flare
1
• Stable 6" uni-body legs meet Vent Connection (in) /2 OD Tube
health department sanitation Construction
requirements Inner Vessel Material Stainless Steel
• Easy-to-read gauges for CO2 Outer Vessel Material Stainless Steel
contents and tank pressure Liquid Level Gauge Float Type (magnetic)
• Fully-automated system
* No loss in normal application
**ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Design Section VIII, Div. I

74 75
CO2 Delivery CO2 Delivery Specifications

For years, Chart has provided the finest CO2 bulk storage tanks for
carbonation applications and we now use that same expertise in developing
CO2 delivery units. All delivery units are equipped with differential pressure
meters. This meter has a guaranteed deviation of less than 1%, and has lower
maintenance and calibration costs because it contains no moving parts.

3 3/4 Ton

13,044
7,681
3,518

4,400
156
58
67

10,611
6,146
2,815

3,700
3 Ton

129
58
67
2 1/2 Ton

5,122
2,346

2,819
9,066
111
58
67
(liters)
Features

(lbs)

(lbs)
(lbs)
(in)
(in)
(in)
• Low CO2 Evaporation Rate
• All stainless steel plumbing and 3-piece ball valves

Liquid Storage Capacity

• Welded outer jacket for greater moisture resistance and durability
• Optional pressure building unit and combo body units

Gross Capacity

Empty Weight
• Meets DOT Specifications 49, MC-331 standards

Full Weight
Dimensions
Capacity

Length
Height
Width
76 77
CO2 Monitor Systems CO2 Monitor System Specifications

The Chart Monitor System provides accurate monitoring of CO2 levels. It is pre-
set to exhibit an alarm when detecting abnormal to dangerously high level of CO2 SPECIFICATIONS
concentration in the work environment. Over 70,000 systems have been CO2 Sensors
installed world wide. Monitor Systems are constructed with the highest quality Product
components possible.
Operating Principle: Infrared Technology
o o
Measurement Range-Temperature 0 - 50 C (32 - 122 F)
Measurement Range - CO2 0 - 3 Vol%
Extended Range - CO2 3 - 10 Vol%
Gas Sampling Mode Diffusion
Accuracy
Temperature ±1oC (±1.8oF)
CO2
At Full Operating Temperature Range ±0.05 Vol%
Annual Zero Point Drift <0.01 Vol.%
w/automatic self-calibration
Performance
Compliance With 89 / 336 / EEC / UL / CE
Sensory Life Expectancy > 15 years
Dimensions (L x W x H) 7" x 4" x 2"
Power
Power Input 11 ±3V DC

Features Outputs
Digital Interface RS 485 Serial Port with
• Patented, gold-plated sensors • LED display specifies which Logico2 Program
• High and low CO2 alarm sensor reports an alarm or fault
Display 4 digit LCD Display with
• Three-year product warranty • Activation of a fan or external % CO2 and Temperature Indication
warning lamp from each sensor Filter
®
Special Gore-Tex Membranes
• Continuous monitoring of CO2 possible (Insect protection according to EN S4-7:1994)
and temperature
• Patented self-calibration, five-year CO2 Central Unit
• Digital display: calibration guarantee
temperature / CO2% Supply 90-260 VAC 50-60Hz
• Temperature “high”, “low”
• Display makes it possible to indication for coolrooms Communication RS485 100mA, Internal terminated
discover small leakage =120 Ohm 0.3 VDC-offset
• Logico2 program microprocessor Acoustic signal-strength 70 dB (1m) max.
• Up to 4 sensors per central unit
• Approved by UL, TUF and CE Ambient Temperatures
o
0-40 C
• Acoustical/optical signal from
central unit and sensors • Gore-Tex® Waterproofing The system is approved by UL, TUF and CE

• Plug-in cables for easy, fast and

inexpensive installation

78 79
Cryogenic Piping Systems Cryogenic Piping Systems

• Multi-layer super insulation with vacuum jacket for lowest product loss Specify Chart Cryogenic Pipe and System components for state-of-the-art
• Invar inner eliminates expansion bellows technology, lowest product loss (see chart) and instant liquid at use points. From
design assistance and custom manufacturing to installation at your site, Chart
• Accessories for instant liquid at use points provides total cryogenic distribution systems. This single source responsibility
• Reusable couplings for easy installation and system modifications assures you of a trouble-free system guaranteed to perform as expected.
Rigid Built-to-Order VIP Construction Details
Inner Pipe Vacuum Jacket Cooldown Heat Leak Bayonet Heat
Typical Layout Size Pipe Size Wt/ft Wt/ft Btu/hr/ft BTU/hr
1/4" 1-1/2" 1.5 lb 0.33 lb .28 7.5
1/2" 1-1/2" 1.9 lb 0.54 lb .35 7.5
1" 2-1/2" 3.4 lb 0.87 lb .50 11.8
1-1/2" 3" 4.4 lb 1.28 lb .67 15.4
2" 3-1/2" 5.2 lb 1.61 lb .81 17.9
3”+ Consult Factory

Flexible Built-to-Order VIP Construction Details

SS Inner SS Outer SS Outer Minimum Weight Cooldown Heat Leak
Flex I.D. Flex I.D. Flex O.D. Bend Radius Per Foot Weight/Foot BTU hr/ft
1 1" Rigid Section 6 1/2" Vacuum Jacketed
Valve 1/2” Nom 2" Nom 2.80" 17" 2.75 lb .45 lb .50
2 1" Flexible Section
3 1" x 1/2" Reducing 7 1/2" Rigid Section 1” Nom 2-1/2" Nom 3.32" 21" 3.50 lb 1.00 lb 1.00
Tee 8 1/2" Flexible Section
1-1/2” Nom 3" Nom 3.87" 23" 4.65 lb 2.00 lb 1.35
4 1" Vacuum Jacketed 9 1/2" Extended Packing
Valve Cryogenic Valve 2” Nom 4" Nom 4.92" 28" 6.00 lb 2.25 lb 1.65
5 1" x 1/2" Reducer 10 1/2" Capped Bayonet 3”+ Consult Factory

Stainless steel braid cover is standard on the inner flex and optional for the vacuum
Vacuum Insulated Pipe jacket flex.
Customized size and length permits engineering or contractor personnel to
design and install a liquid distribution center to fit any application Chart vacuum insulated pipe utilizes multi-layer super insulation for lowest
BTU loss. When used to replace copper or conventionally insulated lines,
Bayonet Couplings investment payback can be extremely fast.
Provide a positive metal to metal interference fit at cryogenic temperatures.
Interchangeable for easy assembly or removal for system expansion Custom manufactured sections and flexible piping allow easy system
planning and installation — no
Flexible Sections special tools are required.
Protected by stainless steel, interlocking guards to allow direction and Bayonet couplings provide
elevation change while maintaining structural integrity positive metal-to-metal
interference fit at cryogenic
Accessories temperatures. With these re-
Standard accessories such as the cryovent device to keep the line flooded, usable couplings, pipe
phase separator for single phase flow at the use points, and jacketed or sections and components can
nonjacketed valves provide optimum utilization of cryogenic piping be easily assembled or
removed for system
modification or expansion.
80 81
82
FLUID Conversion Data BTU Energy Required
Std Cu Ft SCFH GPM at Total BTU
Per Per 10,000 per 10,000 Kilo Gals/Hr* Lbs/Hr** CFM***
Gallon Liq GPM GPM SCFH to 70°F Watts Gasoline Steam Air
Argon 112.5 6800 1.47 123,000 36.1 1.0 115 12,300
CO2 74.04 4440 2.25 171,000 50.2 1.39 160 17,100
Helium 100.8 6040 1.655 67,500 19.8 .55 63 6750
Hydrogen 113.6 6820 1.47 89,000 26.4 .72 84 8900
Vaporizer Requirements

Nitrogen 93.11 5600 1.787 134,400 39.5 1.09 126 13,400

Oxygen 115.1 6900 1.45 142,000 41.6 1.15 133 14,200
Nitrous Oxide 89.05 5280 1.895 231,000 67.8 1.88 217 23,100
Propane 42 2520 3.97 213,000 62.5 1.73 200 21,300

* Calculated at 85% Thermal Efficiency

** Calculated at 100 psig saturated inlet with outlet at 150°F
*** Calculated at 10° F3 T thru vaporizer

Multiply units in left column by proper factor below

Length in ft yd mile mm cm m km
1 inch 1 0.0833 0.0278 — 25.40 2.540 0.0254 —
1 foot 12 1 0.3333 — 304.8 30.48 0.3048 —
1 yard 36 3 1 914.4 91.44 0.9144 —
1 mile — 5280 1760 1 — — 1609.3 1.609
1 millimeter 0.0394 0.0033 — — 1 0.100 0.001 —
1 centimeter 0.3937 0.03281 0.0109 — 10 1 0.01 —
1 meter 39.37 3.281 1.094 — 1000 100 1 0.001
1 kilometer — 3281 1094 0.6214 — — 1000 1

(1 micron = 0.001 millimeter)

Courtesy of Ingersoll-Rand Company

Length Conversion Factors

83
84
Multiply units in left column by proper factor below
Area sq in sq ft acre sq mile sq cm sq m hectare
1 sq inch 1 0.0069 — — 6.452 — —
1 sq foot 144 1 — — 929 0.0929 —
1 acre — 43,560 1 0.0016 — 4047 0.4047
1 sq mile — — 640 1 — — 259
Area Conversion Factors

1 sq centimeter 0.1550 — — — 1 0.0001 —

1 sq meter 1550 10.76 — — 10,000 1 —
1 hectare — — 2471 — — 10,000 1

Courtesy of Ingersoll-Rand Company

Multiply units in left column by proper factor below

Volume cu in cu ft cu yd cu cm cu meter liter U.S. gal Imp gal
1 cu inch 1 — — 16.387 — 0.0164 — —
1 cu foot 1728 1 0.0370 28,317 0.0283 28.32 7.481 6.229
1 cu yard 46,656 27 1 — 0.7646 764.5 202 168.2
1 cu centimeter 0.0610 — — 1 — 0.001 — —
1 cu meter 61,023 35.31 1.308 1,000,000 1 999.97 264.2 220.0
1 liter 61.023 0.0353 — 1000 0.001 1 0.2642 0.2200
1 U.S. gallon 231 0.1337 — 3785.4 — 3.785 1 0.8327
1 Imperial gallon 227.4 0.1605 — 4546.1 — 4.546 1.201 1

Courtesy of Ingersoll-Rand Company

85
Volume Conversion Factors
86
Multiply units in left column by proper factor below
Weight grain oz lb ton gram kg metric ton
1 grain 1 — — — 0.0648 — —
1 ounce 437.5 1 0.0625 — 28.35 0.02835 —
1 pound 7000 16 1 0.0005 453.6 0.4536 —
1 ton — 32,000 2000 1 — 907.2 0.9072
1 gram 15.43 0.0353 — — 1 0.001 —
Weight Conversion Factors

1 kilogram — 35.274 2.205 — 1000 1 0.001

1 metric ton — 35,274 2205 1.102 — 1000 1

Courtesy of Ingersoll-Rand Company

Multiply units in left column by proper factor below

Density lb/cu in lb/cu ft lb/gal g/cu cm g/liter

1 pound/cu in 1 1728 231 27.68 27,680

1 pound/cu ft — 1 0.1337 0.0160 16.019

1 pound/gal 0.00433 7.481 1 0.1198 119.83

1 gram/cu cm 0.03613 62.43 8.345 1 1000

1 gram/liter — 0.06243 0.008345 0.001 1

Courtesy of Ingersoll-Rand Company

87
Density Conversion Factors
88
Multiply units in left column by proper factor below
Pressure lb/sq in lb/sq ft int atm kg/cm2 mm Hg @ 32°F in Hg @ 32°F ft water at 39.2°F KPa
1 pound/sq in 1 144 — 0.0703 51.713 2.0359 2.307 6.895
1 pound/sq ft 0.00694 1 — — 0.3591 0.01414 0.01602 0.0479
1 int atmosphere 14.696 2116.2 1 1.0333 760 29.921 33.9 101.325
1 kilogram/sq cm 14.223 2048.1 0.9678 1 735.56 28.958 32.81 98.06
1 millimeter mercury —
(1000 microns) 0.0193 2.785 — — 1 0.0394 0.0446
1 torr (torricelli)— 0.1333
Pressure Conversion Factors

1 inch mercury 0.4912 70.73 0.0334 0.0345 25.400 1 1.133 3.386

1 foot water 0.4335 62.42 — 0.0305 22.418 0.8826 1 2.989
1 kilopascal 0.01 bars
1000 N/sq meters .1450 20.89 0.009869 0.01020 7.502 0.3025 0.3346 1

Courtesy of Ingersoll-Rand Company

Multiply units in left column by proper factor below

Energy ft-lb BTU g-cal Joule kw-hr hp-hr

1 foot-pound 1 0.001285 0.3240 1.3556 — —

1 BTU 778.2 1 252.16 1054.9 — —

1 gram-calorie 3.0860 0.003966 1 4.1833 — —

1 int Joule 0.7377 0.000948 0.2390 1 — —

1 int kilowatt-hour 2,655,000 3412.8 860,563 — 1 1.3412

1 horsepower-hour 1,980,000 2544.5 641,700 — 0.7456 1

Courtesy of Ingersoll-Rand Company

89
Energy Conversion Factors
90
Multiply units in left column by proper factor below
Specific Energy absolute Joule/g Int Joule/g cal/g int cal/g BTU/lb

1 absolute Joule/gram 1 0.99984 0.23901 0.23885 0.42993

1 int Joule/gram 1.000165 1 0.23904 0.23892 0.43000

1 calorie/gram 4.1840 4.1833 1 0.99935 1.7988

1 int calorie/gram 4.1867 4.1860 1.00065 1 1.8000

1 BTU/lb 2.3260 2.3256 0.55592 0.55556 1

Specific Energy Conversion Factors

Courtesy of Ingersoll-Rand Company

Multiply units in left column by proper factor below

Power hp watt kw BTU/min BTU/hr ft-lb/sec ft-lb/min g-cal/sec metric hp
(rate of energy use)
1 horsepower 1 745.7 0.7457 42.41 2544.5 550 33,000 178.2 1.014
1 watt — 1 0.001 0.0569 3.413 0.7376 44.25 0.2390 0.00136
1 kilowatt 1.3410 1000 1 56.88 3412.8 737.6 44,254 239 1360
1 BTU per minute — — — 1 60 12.97 778.2 4.203 0.0239
1 metric hp 0.9863 735.5 0.7355 41.83 2509.6 542.5 32,550 175.7 1

Courtesy of Ingersoll-Rand Company

91
Power Conversion Factors
Refrigeration Conversion Factors Conversion Factors

Courtesy of Ingersoll-Rand Company

Velocity

frigorie/hr
Multiply By To Obtain

3025.9

3375.2
Feet per minute . . . . . . . .0.01136 Miles per hour

1
0.01829 Kilometers per hour
0.5080 Centimeters per second
0.01667 Feet per second

ton (Brit) comm

Feet per second . . . . . . . .0.6818 Miles per hour

0.0002963
0.8965
1.097 Kilometers per hour

One ton of refrigeration is the heat required to melt one ton (2000 lbs) of ice at 32°F to water at 32°F during 24 hours.
30.48 Centimeters per second
0.3048 Meters per second
Multiply units in left column by factor below

0.5921 Knots
ton (US) comm

Knots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.0 Nautical miles per hour

0.0003305
1.6889 Feet per second
1.1154
1

1.1515 Miles per hour

1.8532 Kilometers per hour
0.5148 Meters per second
Meters per second . . . . . .3.281 Feet per second
2.237 Miles per hour
kg cal/hr
3025.9

3375.2

3.600 Kilometers per hour

1

Miles per hour . . . . . . . . . .1.467 Feet per second

0.4470 Meters per second
BTU is Internal Steam Table BTU (IT). 1 frigorie = 1 kg cal (NOT IT).

1.609 Kilometers per hour

0.8684 Knots
BTU (IT)/hr

13.9657
12,000

13,385

Flowrate
1 SCFH = .472 liters/minute
BTU (IT)/min

Thermal Conductivity
0.06609
223.08
200

Multiply By To Obtain
BTU/(hr)(ft2)(°F/ft) 0.00413 Cal/(sec)(cm2)(°C/cm)
12.0 BTU/(hr)(ft2)(°F/in)
0.0173 Watts/(cm2)(°C/cm)
1 ton (Brit) comm
1 ton (US) comm

Temperature
Refrigeration

1 frigorie/hr

Degrees Fahrenheit = 1.8 (degrees Celsius) + 32

Degrees Kelvin = degrees Celsius = 273.16
Degrees Rankine = degrees Fahrenheit + 459.69

92 93
Temperature Conversion Decimal Equivalents

°K °C °F °R Decimal Equivalents
0 –273.15 -459.7 0
He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.216 –268.93 -452.1 7.6 Inch Fractions Decimal Equivalent Millimeter Equivalent
10 –263.15 -441.7 18.0
20 –253.15 -423.7 36.0
H2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.27 –252.88 -423.2 36.5 1/32 .03125 .794
Ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.17 –245.98 –410.8 48.9 1/16 .0625 1.588
30 –243.15 –405.7 54.0 3/32 .09375 2.381
40 –233.15 –387.7 72.0
50 –223.15 –369.7 90.0 1/8 .125 3.175
60 –213.15 –351.7 108.0 5/32 .15625 3.969
70 –203.15 –333.7 126.0 3/16 .1875 4.763
N2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.395 –195.76 –320.36 139.3
80 –193.15 –315.7 144.0 7/32 .21875 5.556
Ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.29 –185.86 –302.55 157.1
90 –183.15 –297.7 162.0 1/4 .250 6.350
O2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.19 –182.96 –297.33 162.4
100 –173.15 –279.7 180.0 9/32 .28125 7.144
110 –163.15 –261.7 198.0 5/16 .3125 7.938
Kr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 –153.25 –243.8 215.9 3/8 .375 9.525
120 –153.15 –243.7 216.0
130 –143.15 –225.7 234.0 11/32 .34375 8.731
140 –133.15 –207.7 252.0 13/32 .40625 10.319
150 –123.15 –189.7 270.0 7/16 .4375 11.113
160 –113.15 –171.7 288.0
Xe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.6 –108.55 –163.4 296.3 15/32 .46875 11.906
170 –103.15 –153.7 306.0
180 –93.15 –135.7 324.0 1/2 .500 12.700
190 –83.15 –117.7 342.0
200 –73.15 –99.7 360.0 17/32 .52125 13.494
210 –63.15 –81.7 378.0 9/16 .5625 14.288
220 –53.15 –63.7 396.0 19/32 .59375 15.081
230 –43.15 –45.7 414.0
240 –33.15 –27.7 432.0 5/8 .625 15.875
250 –23.15 –9.7 450.0 21/32 .65625 16.669
260 –13.15 8.3 468.0 11/16 .6875 17.463
270 –3.15 26.3 486.0
280 6.85 44.3 504.0 23/32 .71875 18.256
290 16.85 62.3 522.0
300 26.85 80.3 540.0 3/4 .750 19.050
310 36.85 98.3 558.0
320 46.85 116.3 576.0 25/32 .78125 19.844
330 56.85 134.3 594.0 13/16 .8125 20.638
340 66.85 152.3 612.0 27/32 .84375 21.431
350 76.85 170.3 630.0
360 86.85 188.3 648.0 7/8 .875 22.225
370 96.85 206.3 666.0 29/32 .90625 23.019
380 106.85 224.3 684.0 15/16 .9375 23.813
390 116.85 242.3 702.0
400 126.85 260.3 720.0 31/32 .96875 24.606
Boiling points of indicated gases are at one atmosphere pressure.

94 95
Definitions Definitions & Miscellaneous

Absolute Zero— The lowest temperature attainable. All molecular activity is Specific Gravity— The ratio of the mass of a body to the mass of an equal volume
considered to cease. Its value is -459.7°F (-273.15°C) of air (for gases) at a specified temperature. It is dimensionless. For liquids and
Coefficient of Viscosity— A measure of the tendency of a fluid to resist shear. The solids, it is the ratio of the mass of a body to the mass of an equal volume of water.
unit for viscosity is the poise which is defined as the resistance (in dynes per square Specific Heat Ratio— Ratio of specific heat at constant pressure to the specific
centimeter of its surface) to one layer of fluid to the motion of a heat at constant volume at a particular temperature.
parallel layer one centimeter away and with a relative velocity of one cm per second. Specific Volume— The volume occupied by one unit weight of a substance.
Critical Pressure— The pressure under which a substance may exist as a gas Superconductivity— The phenomenon by which some substances suddenly lose
in equilibrium with the liquid at the critical temperature. all electrical resistance when their temperatures are reduced. These transitions
Critical Temperature— The temperature above which a gas cannot be occur at temperatures lower than that of liquid hydrogen.
liquified by pressure alone. Thermal Conductivity— The property of a material that describes the rate at
Cryogenics— The science which involves very low temperatures, usually which heat will be conducted through a unit area of material for a given driving
regarded as below -150°F. force. It is dependent on the material and upon its temperature.
Density— Mass per unit volume. Triple Point— The particular condition under which a substance can be present in
Dew Point— The temperature at which liquid first condenses when a vapor any or all phases (gaseous, liquid, or solid).
is cooled. Vapor Pressure— The pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with the liquid
Dielectric Constant— The specific inductive capacitance of a material. It is equal phase of the same substance.
to the ratio of the capacitances of two condensers of identical size, one using the
particular dielectric, the other using air or a vacuum as the dielectric.
Miscellaneous Physical Constants
Joule-Thomson Effect— The change in temperature resulting from expansion of
a gas or vapor through an orifice or other restriction. In general, a lowering of Constant Numerical Value Units
temperature or cooling effect is the usual result of such an expansion. Avogadro’s Number . . . 6.0228 x 1023 Molecules/gram mole
Latent Heat of Fusion— The heat required to convert a unit mass of substance Boltzmann Constant . . . 1.38048 x 10-16 Erg/°C
from the solid state to the liquid state at a given pressure (and temperature). Electronic Charge . . . . . 4.80239 x 10-10 Absolute esu
Latent Heat of Sublimation— The heat required to convert a unit mass of e ................. 2.718282 —
substance from the solid state to the gaseous state. Gas-Law Constant R . . 1.987 Cal/(gm-mole) (°K) or
Latent Heat of Vaporization— The heat required to convert a unit mass of BTU/(lb-mole) (°K)
substance from the liquid state to the gaseous state at a given pressure (and 82.05 (cm3) (atm)/(gm-mole) (°K)
temperature). 0.08205 (liter) (atm)/(gm-mole) (°K)
10.731 (ft3) (lb)/(in2)(lb-mole) (°R)
Liquified Gases— Usually applied to the liquid form of substances which under 0.7302 (ft3) (atm)/(lb-mole) (°R)
normal conditions of temperature and pressure are found as gases. Liquid oxygen Loge 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30258 —
is an example. Mechanical Equivalent
Molecular Weight— The sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule. of heat . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.182 Joule/cal
The atomic weight is the relative weight of the atom, on the basis of carbon isotope Pi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.14159* —
C12. Planck Constant . . . . . . 6.6254 x 10-27 erg sec
Normal Boiling Point— The temperature at which a liquid boils when under a total
pressure of one atmosphere. * Approximate value, since Pi is an irrational number

Normal Sublimation Temperature— The temperature at which a solid sublimes

under a total pressure of one atmosphere. Acknowledgment
Specific Heat— The ratio of the heat capacity of a body to the heat capacity of Chart thanks AIRCO Welding Products for permission to copy various tables
water at some reference temperature. and data from the AIRCO Data Book.
96 97
Notes

98
 SPECIFY CHART FOR
TOP PERFORMANCE IN...
• storage
• distribution
• supply
• handling of
cryogenic liquids

Bulk Storage Systems — horizontal or vertical up to 80,000 gallons

Liquid Cylinders — 80 liters – 1000 liters
Helium Dewars — 30 liters – 1000 liters
Delivery Systems — truck mounted
Biological Cylinders — a wide variety of cryo-biological storage products
CO2 Beverage — 160 - 750 lbs
Vacuum Insulated Piping — standard or custom ordered sizes
Parts & Accessories — everything to complement cryogenic equipment

Chart Inc., 407 7th Street NW

New Prague, MN 56071-1000
Web: www.chart-ind.com
E-mail: sales@chart-ind.com
Ph/800-400-4683; 952-758-4484; Fx/952-758-8293

© 2005 Chart Industries. All rights reserved.

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