UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS

January / February 2021

Memorandum / Solutions

ENG1514
APPLIED ENGLISH LANGUAGE FOR FOUNDATION PHASE FIRST
ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE

Duration: 48 hours (2 days) 100/100 Marks

Examiners

First: Prof C. Chaka, Ms. S Naidoo

Second: Dr M Madileng, Ms. S Lediga

Moderator: Ms M Steyn, Dr J. Alexander

QA Moderator: Nomsa Zindela and Dr. C Ndlangamandla

This paper consists of 7 (seven) pages.

General instructions:

 There are TWO sections in this examination paper. Answering all the questions set in
both sections is COMPULSORY.
 Section A has five integrated content and text-based questions.
 Section B has one essay question.
If you are submitting a typed response

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Question 1

1a) Arbitrariness.
1b) Arbitrariness by the word hand (English), The concept & is represented main (French), Hand (German),
ruka (Russian), käsi (Finnish), etc. The relationship between speech sounds and meaning is arbitrary. If you
do not know a language, the sounds spoken to you will be incomprehensible. Because the relationship
between speech sounds and what they represent is arbitrary, different languages have different speech
sounds to represent the same thing.

1c) a) The aesthetic function: involves the use of language as a linguistic artfact. According to Geoffery Leech
(1974), the aesthetic function tend to explain the conceptual meaning than the affective meaning. Any
art that is valued as an actual art is associated with this function.

b) The phatic function: is the part of communication which keeps open the line of communication itself; it
is the means by which two or more speakers reassure themselves that not only are they being listened
to, but they are also being understood.

Question 2

2a) (a) Dependent clause.

(b) Independent clause.
(c) Dependent clause.
(d) An independent clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate. It expresses a
complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.

2b) (a) Compound sentence.

(b) Complex sentence.
(c) Simple sentence.
(d) Sentence (i) is made up of two independent clauses or complete sentences connected to one another
with a coordinating conjunction while sentence (iii) has the most basic elements that make it a
sentence: a subject, a verb, and a completed thought.
2c) 1) Thursday
2) Cyril Ramaphosa
3) Monday

2d) 1) continue to rise.

2) has risen
3) within a few weeks
2e) 1) When
2) How Far
3) Widely
4) When last

Question 3

3a)a) Posture.
b) Body movement.
c) Facial expression.
d) Paralanguage.
e) Eye contact.
3b) Comprehensive.
3c) Remembering
3d) Feedback.
3e) The responding stage is the stage of the listening process in which the listener provides verbal and/or
nonverbal reactions. A listener can respond to what they hear either verbally or non-verbally.
Responding adds action to the listening process.

Question 4:

4a) Pre-reading

4b) Post-writing

4c) It consists of two components that is revision and editing.

4d) The statement emphasize that we as people of South Africa, if we comply and not delay with the
regulations we will limit the loss of our economy.
4e) The present perfect tense is used because the statement is about the experiences from the past, a change
or a situation that has happened in the past but is still continuing today. This tense is an important part of
English grammar since it demonstrates that actions or events in the past have an effect on
the present situation.

4f) a) Brainstorming =is a method design teams use to generate ideas to solve clearly defined design problems.
In controlled conditions and a free-thinking environment, teams approach a problem by such means as
“How Might We” questions. They produce a vast array of ideas and draw links between them to find
potential solutions.

b) Clustering = is a type of pre-writing that allows a writer to explore many ideas as soon as they occur to
them. Like brainstorming or free associating, clustering allows a writer to begin without clear ideas. To
begin to cluster, choose a word that is central to the assignment.

4g) a) I'm tired of disinfecting the home. My husband is working, so as soon as he back from work I'm after
him and telling him not to touch the surfaces. Like old days I am at the door opening for him and taking
care of his things. My son is in University and his exams are finished, but doesn't want to come back
home. He is happy with his friends and I'm happy for him, but sometimes I miss him a lot.

b) I don't know if this counts as a friends and family story. But i have basically done nothing during the self-
isolation period. I tried to get my sister to watch Kpop videos with me, but that failed.

c) This quarantine has helped me to reinforce in my love for my husband . Now when he is there with me
24*7 , I still feel like being with him more. After 4 .5 yrs of my marriage , I still my relationship is so fresh
and beautiful like the first year . We still get tired after house hold and office work buas t the
compassion for each other has grown many folds. I feel this is the time for everyone to nurture your
relationship with like water to a plant.

4h) a) South Africans whom have lost their jobs

b) Lack of resources from healthcare system.

c) Millions of people living with HIV.

d) The pandemic hit the South African economy.

Question 5
5a) Oxford Dictionary

5b) a) To indicate the beginning and end of direct speech.

b) To indicate a word or phrase being discussed.

5c) In South Africa, the number of covid-19 cases has increased in just a week.
Section B

Stress is the normal physiological response of human beings to variable unfavorable situations occurring in
life. Those who are unable to control it go through anxiety or phases of depression. Depression can present
itself in physical and psychological forms, which vary from person to person. To overcome it, some behavioral
changes or medications may be required. The critical role of the media is to keep people connected, well
informed, and entertained. The positive impact of the media was shown in the COVID-19 crises in promoting
emotional stability among people. Pages and groups on platforms like Facebook and Instagram started posting
videos regarding physical and mental health.

The CDC's many beneficial guidelines for preventing COVID-19 were reinforced among people through
prominent advertisements on commonly used social media platforms. Facebook, Instagram, and television
media posted the importance of ‘social distancing’ and ‘stay at home’ through free of cost and frequent,
widespread ads. The printed media was utilized by supermarkets to promote their stores following the social
distancing protocols.

During road and air travel, there is continuous mention of ads like ‘Stay home, stay safe,’ ‘Face covers
mandatory in public,’ ‘COVID-19: less is more, avoid gatherings’, ‘give extra space with each other and on the
road,’ and ‘wash your hands, stay healthy, avoid COVID-19’. This repetition is essential to consolidate the role
of them in preventing the disease spread. Media is the primary source of information and plays a vital role in
educating the masses. However, when overly eager sources spread information without proper verification,
not only can it be harmful but it can have unintended consequences.

Each historical experience has such unique characteristics and dimensions that the saying that history is lived
first as a tragedy and then as a farce is probably true. Today's circumstances are both qualitatively and
quantitatively different from similar past crises. As a consequence, comparisons may be deceptive. Present
authoritarian regimes cannot be compared with the totalitarian regimes of the last century. However, it is
undoubtedly true that COVID-19 is favoring undemocratic trends, at least within countries traditionally
accustomed to this type of evolution, but it is still early to express a definitive judgment.

Finally, there is no question that politicians, media pundits and many others have seized on the opportunity to
exploit the pandemic for political gain. There is enough blame to go around, and it is disheartening to see that
partisanship has colored our ability to pursue objective analysis, even among academics. If we think back to
late January, when the Chinese army was surrounding the city of Wuhan, the U.S. media and most of the
country was fixated on lectures on the impeachment process. The only respite from the impeachment trial
was the Democratic primary elections. Ironically, the debates about health care that the Democrats were
proud to elevate to center stage ignored any discussion of preparations for a pandemic.