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    EXPERIMENT NO. - : Date

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    OMSAINATH MPONLINE
    This experiment outlines a procedure to determine the total hardness of a water sample in parts per million (ppm) as calcium carbonate equivalents through a complexometric titration using EDTA and the indicator Eriochrome Black-T, where EDTA is titrated against calcium and magnesium ions in the sample and standard to reach an endpoint where the color changes from wine red to blue. The volume of EDTA used is then used to calculate the hardness of the sample in terms of calcium carbonate equivalents for easier comparison to standards.

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    EXPERIMENT NO. - : Date

    Uploaded by

    OMSAINATH MPONLINE
    121 views4 pages
    This experiment outlines a procedure to determine the total hardness of a water sample in parts per million (ppm) as calcium carbonate equivalents through a complexometric titration using EDTA and the indicator Eriochrome Black-T, where EDTA is titrated against calcium and magnesium ions in the sample and standard to reach an endpoint where the color changes from wine red to blue. The volume of EDTA used is then used to calculate the hardness of the sample in terms of calcium carbonate equivalents for easier comparison to standards.

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    This experiment outlines a procedure to determine the total hardness of a water sample in parts per million (ppm) as calcium carbonate equivalents through a complexometric titration using EDTA and the indicator Eriochrome Black-T, where EDTA is titrated against calcium and magnesium ions in the sample and standard to reach an endpoint where the color changes from wine red to blue. The volume of EDTA used is then used to calculate the hardness of the sample in terms of calcium carbonate equivalents for easier comparison to standards.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    121 views4 pages

    EXPERIMENT NO. - : Date

    Uploaded by

    OMSAINATH MPONLINE
    This experiment outlines a procedure to determine the total hardness of a water sample in parts per million (ppm) as calcium carbonate equivalents through a complexometric titration using EDTA and the indicator Eriochrome Black-T, where EDTA is titrated against calcium and magnesium ions in the sample and standard to reach an endpoint where the color changes from wine red to blue. The volume of EDTA used is then used to calculate the hardness of the sample in terms of calcium carbonate equivalents for easier comparison to standards.

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    Date ____________

    EXPERIMENT NO.______

    Object:
    To determine total hardness of given water sample in ppm in terms of CaCO3 equivalents by
    complexometric titration using EDTA solution as an intermediate and Eriochrome Black-T (EBT) as
    an internal metal ion indicator. The strength of standard hard water of CaCO3 is 1.0 g/L.

    Requirements:
    1) Apparatus Required: Burette, pipette, conical flask, beaker, dropper, etc.
    2) Chemicals Required: EDTA, water sample, standard hard water,
    Eriochrome Black-T, buffer solution of NH4Cl & NH4OH

    Theory:
    As EDTA is a chelating agent, hence Ca++ and Mg++ ions form a complex with EDTA
    and at the end point all the Ca++ and Mg++ ions present in the water sample convert to Ca-
    EDTA and Mg-EDTA complex.
    I) M++ + [EBT] at 10 pH [M-EBT]
    Hard water Wine red,
    ++ ++ ++
    M = Ca or Mg Unstable complex

    II) [M-EBT] + [Na2EDTA] [M-EDTA] + [EBT] + 2Na+


    Colorless, soluble Blue
    Stable complex

    In this reaction the result is expressed in terms of CaCO3 equivalents by converting the amounts
    of all types of hardness causing salts in CaCO3 equivalents due to the following reasons-
    1) To convert the amount of all types of salts in one unit.
    2) Molecular weight of CaCO3 is 100 and its equivalent weight is 50, therefore calculation
    becomes easier.
    3) CaCO3 is the most insoluble salt in water.

    Procedure:
    1) Burette is filled with standard EDTA solution.
    2) Standard hard water is pipette out in a conical flask.
    3) 2 ml of buffer solution and then 2-3 drops of Eriochrome Black-T are added into it, the
    solution becomes wine red in color.
    4) The solution is titrated with EDTA solution till the color changes to sky blue.
    5) The volume of EDTA solution consumed is noted and same experiment is repeated to get
    concordant reading.
    6) The same experiment is repeated with water sample.
    Observation Table:

    (I) For standard hard water (SHW)

    S.No. Pipette reading Burette readings Volume of EDTA


    (Volume of SHW) (ml) V2 ml
    V1 ml Initial Final

    (II) For water sample (WS)

    S.No. Pipette reading Burette readings Volume of EDTA


    (Volume of WS ) (ml) V2’ ml
    V3 ml Initial Final
    Calculation:

    As the strength of SHW is = 1.0 g/L

    So its normality N1= 1/50 ------------------------- (Normality = Strength/Equivalent Wt.)

    Now using NV=constant equation,

    N1V1 = N2V2
    (SHW) (EDTA)

    Where,
    N1 is the normality of standard hard water (N/50 given)
    N2 is the normality of EDTA
    V1 is the Volume of standard hard water
    V2 is the Volume of EDTA

    1 V1
     = N2
    50 V2

    And N2V2’ = N3V3


    (EDTA) (WS)

    Where,
    N3 is the normality of water sample
    N2 is the normality of EDTA
    V3 is the Volume of water sample
    V2’ is the Volume of EDTA

    1 V1 V2
      = N3
    50 V2 V3

    Strength of Water Sample = N3×50 g/L

    = ------------ g/L

    So total hardness of water sample = N3× 50×1000 mg/litre

    = --------------- mg/L or ppm

    Result: The total hardness present in the given water sample is ………….ppm.
    Precautions:
    1) Burette and pipette should be rinsed before experiment.
    2) Burette should be filled up to zero mark.
    3) Air bubbles should be removed from burette.
    4) Last drop from pipette should not be transferred into conical flask.
    5) End point should be noted carefully.

    ---ooo----

    Viva Question

    Q1 What is hardness?
    Q2 What is the difference between temporary and permanents hardness?
    Q3 What are units of hardness? What is the relation?
    Q4 What is EDTA? For titration purpose only disodium salt is used. Why?
    Q5 Which indicator is used in the titration? Tell the structure and the pH range.
    Q6 Which buffer is used in this titration? What is the necessity of adding buffer?
    Q7 The color of the solution changes from wine red to blue at the point. Explain.
    Q8 What is complexometric titration?
    Q9 Which complexing agents are using in this titration? Which metal ions are involved?
    Q10 What is significance of this experiment?

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