Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 12 views

    Boxerdog Green's Function

    Uploaded by

    Jack Ignacio Nahmías
    1) The Green function G(x,r,t) is the solution to the cylindrical wave equation and describes how disturbances at one point influence another point over time. 2) G(x,r,t) is defined as an integral over φ involving the square root of (2xr cosφ + t^2 - x^2 - r^2). 3) The Green function allows writing the general solution to the wave equation as an integral involving G and the source term J, demonstrating that the solution depends causally on prior values of J.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Boxerdog Green's Function

    Uploaded by

    Jack Ignacio Nahmías
    12 views3 pages
    1) The Green function G(x,r,t) is the solution to the cylindrical wave equation and describes how disturbances at one point influence another point over time. 2) G(x,r,t) is defined as an integral over φ involving the square root of (2xr cosφ + t^2 - x^2 - r^2). 3) The Green function allows writing the general solution to the wave equation as an integral involving G and the source term J, demonstrating that the solution depends causally on prior values of J.

    Original Description:

    something super boxerdog about green's function

    Original Title

    boxerdog green's function

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1) The Green function G(x,r,t) is the solution to the cylindrical wave equation and describes how disturbances at one point influence another point over time. 2) G(x,r,t) is defined as an integral over φ involving the square root of (2xr cosφ + t^2 - x^2 - r^2). 3) The Green function allows writing the general solution to the wave equation as an integral involving G and the source term J, demonstrating that the solution depends causally on prior values of J.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views3 pages

    Boxerdog Green's Function

    Uploaded by

    Jack Ignacio Nahmías
    1) The Green function G(x,r,t) is the solution to the cylindrical wave equation and describes how disturbances at one point influence another point over time. 2) G(x,r,t) is defined as an integral over φ involving the square root of (2xr cosφ + t^2 - x^2 - r^2). 3) The Green function allows writing the general solution to the wave equation as an integral involving G and the source term J, demonstrating that the solution depends causally on prior values of J.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    1.

    Green function

    Equations:
    1
    Ψrr + Ψr − Ψtt = 0 ;
    r
    γr = r(Ψ2r + Ψ2t ) ,
    γt = 2rΨr Ψt . (1.1)

    Given arbitrary values for Ψ(r, 0) and Ψt (r, 0) , the solution obeys
    Z ∞
    Ψ(x, t) = dr(G(x, r, t)Ψt (r, 0) + Gt (x, r, t)Ψ(r, 0)) , t>0 (1.2)
    0

    where G is
    I
    r 1
    G(x, r, t) = √
    dϕ p , (1.3)
    2π + 2xr cos ϕ + t2 − x2 − r2
    √
    where the symbol + indicates that the integral should only be taken over the values of
    ϕ for which the entry of the square root is positive. If t < |x − r| there are no real ϕ
    values obeying this, so G vanishes there.
    Derivation: take action functional S in 3+1 dimensions:
    Z ³ ´
    ~ 2 + 1 Ψ2 + J(~x, t)Ψ ,
    S = d3~xdt − 12 (∂Ψ) (1.4)
    2 t

    leading to the field equation

    Ψtt − ∂~ 2 Ψ = J(~x, t) . (1.5)

    General solution:
    Z Z ∞
    3 0
    Ψ(~x, t) = d ~x dτ G(~x − ~x0 , τ )J(~x0 , t − τ ) , (1.6)
    0
    1
    G(~x, τ ) = δ(r − τ ) θ(τ ) , r2 = ~x 2 . (1.7)
    4πr
    G is the so-called Green function of the system. Now take the cylindrically symmetric
    case,

    J = J(r, t) , Ψ = Ψ(r, t) , (1.8)

    where
    Z ∞ Z
    S ¡ ¢
    = dr dt − 12 rΨ2r + 12 r ψt2 + r J Ψ , (1.9)
    2π 0

    in which case the field equation becomes ours with source term inserted:
    1
    Ψtt − Ψrr − Ψr = J(r, t) . (1.10)
    r

    1
    Using (1.6) and (1.7), we find
    Z ∞ I Z Z ∞
    r
    Ψ(r1 , t) = dr dϕ dz dτ δ(% − τ ) J(r, t − τ ) , (1.11)
    0 0 4πτ
    q
    where % ≡ z 2 + r2 + r12 − 2r r1 cos ϕ . (1.12)

    The delta function can be rewritten as


    µ q ¶
    τ 2
    δ(% − τ ) = δ z − τ 2 + 2r r1 cos ϕ − r2 − r1 . (1.13)
    z
    If the square root exists there are two solutions for z , so
    Z ∞ I Z ∞
    Ψ(r1 , t) = dr √ dϕ dt G(r1 , r, τ ) J(r, t − τ ) (1.14)
    0 + 0

    where G is as given in (1.3). The equation (1.2) is obtained by choosing ψ(r, t) = 0 if


    t < 0 and a source

    J(r, t) = δ(t)Φ2 (r) + δ 0 (t)Φ1 (r) , (1.15)

    so that the field equation (1.10) forces

    Ψ(r, t) → Φ1 (r) , Ψt (r, t) → Φ2 (r) , (1.16)


    as t↓0. (1.17)

    To see that (1.16) indeed follows from (1.15) and (1.10), evaluate G for t ¿ r, r1 :

    G(x, r, t) → 21 (θ(r − x + t) − θ(r − x − τ )) . (1.18)

    To see that (1.3) indeed satisfies the field equation

    Gtt − Gxx − (1/x)Gx = δ(x − r)δ(t) (1.19)

    is an elementary exercise. It follows from the construction, and the direct argument is as
    follows: the integrand,
    1
    g(x, t, ϕ) = p
    2xr cos ϕ + t2 − x2 − r2
    obeys the partial differential equation
    µ 2 ¶
    ∂ 1 ∂ ∂2 1 ∂2
    + − + g(x, t, ϕ) = 0 , (1.20)
    ∂x2 x ∂x ∂t2 x2 ∂ϕ2
    so that integration of Eq. (1.19) over ϕ only gives boundary terms. To see the contribution
    of these boundary terms, reexpress the integral in terms of a closed contour integral in
    the complex plane. One finds that G can also be written as
    Z
    r 1
    G(x, r, t) = √
    dϕ p , (1.21)
    2π + 2x r cosh ϕ + x2 + r2 − t2

    2
    where the integral runs from −∞ to ∞ or over the domain where the square root
    exists. The field equation then leads to an integral over ϕ of a function that is a pure
    derivative of a function of ϕ with appropriate boundary conditions. Either in Eq. (1.3)
    or in Eq. (1.21), we see that the boundaries vanish, unless r = x and t = 0 . The delta
    functions in (1.19) are deduced by inspecting the points where G is singular. Expression
    (1.3) ensures that G = 0 as soon as |x − r| > t .
    This completes the proof that these solutions are completely causal. It is an elementary
    exercise in mathematical physics.

    You might also like