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    History of Pharmacy

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    Tesya Din
    The pharmacy profession has its roots over 4,000 years ago among the Sumerian civilization. The Sumerians had separate preparers of medicine who worked in temples and wrote early prescriptions dating back to 2700 BC. Ancient Egyptians also had specialized preparers of medicine known as pastophor who worked in temples. Various herbal medicines were described in texts such as the Ebers Papyrus from 1500 BC. Through the 16th-17th centuries, the role of apothecaries developed in Britain and Europe with a desire to form their own guild. The 1815 Apothecaries Act established a clearer distinction between the practices of medicine and pharmacy.

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    History of Pharmacy

    Uploaded by

    Tesya Din
    111 views4 pages
    The pharmacy profession has its roots over 4,000 years ago among the Sumerian civilization. The Sumerians had separate preparers of medicine who worked in temples and wrote early prescriptions dating back to 2700 BC. Ancient Egyptians also had specialized preparers of medicine known as pastophor who worked in temples. Various herbal medicines were described in texts such as the Ebers Papyrus from 1500 BC. Through the 16th-17th centuries, the role of apothecaries developed in Britain and Europe with a desire to form their own guild. The 1815 Apothecaries Act established a clearer distinction between the practices of medicine and pharmacy.

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    HISTORY OF PHARMACY

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    The pharmacy profession has its roots over 4,000 years ago among the Sumerian civilization. The Sumerians had separate preparers of medicine who worked in temples and wrote early prescriptions dating back to 2700 BC. Ancient Egyptians also had specialized preparers of medicine known as pastophor who worked in temples. Various herbal medicines were described in texts such as the Ebers Papyrus from 1500 BC. Through the 16th-17th centuries, the role of apothecaries developed in Britain and Europe with a desire to form their own guild. The 1815 Apothecaries Act established a clearer distinction between the practices of medicine and pharmacy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    111 views4 pages

    History of Pharmacy

    Uploaded by

    Tesya Din
    The pharmacy profession has its roots over 4,000 years ago among the Sumerian civilization. The Sumerians had separate preparers of medicine who worked in temples and wrote early prescriptions dating back to 2700 BC. Ancient Egyptians also had specialized preparers of medicine known as pastophor who worked in temples. Various herbal medicines were described in texts such as the Ebers Papyrus from 1500 BC. Through the 16th-17th centuries, the role of apothecaries developed in Britain and Europe with a desire to form their own guild. The 1815 Apothecaries Act established a clearer distinction between the practices of medicine and pharmacy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    HISTORY OF PHARMACY

    Although people have been using medicinal substances to treat themselves for as far back as
    there have been people, the pharmacy profession has more recent origins. Nevertheless, its roots
    can be found over 4000 years ago.
    Pharmacy’s roots
    The pharmacy profession can be traced back at least as far as the Sumerian population, living in
    modern day Iraq. From around 4000 BC, they used medicinal plants such as liquorice, mustard,
    myrrh, and opium. There were separate people who worked to prepare medicines, as a separate
    role from diagnosis and treatment which was carried out by medics. These precursors to
    pharmacists also combined their role with that of a priest. The Sumerians wrote the earliest
    surviving prescriptions from at least 2700 B.C. – so nearly 5000 years ago.
    The Ancient Egyptians had specific preparers of medicine, known as Pastophor. Pharmacy was
    viewed as a high status branch of medicine, and again, like the Sumerians, these pharmacists
    were also priests who worked and practised in the temples.
    From surviving papyrus scrolls, notably the Ebers Papyrus which dates from 1500 BC, we know
    that the Egyptians made and used infusions, ointments, lozenges, suppositories, lotions, enemas,
    and pills. The Ebers Papyrus includes 875 prescriptions and 700 drugs.
    Meanwhile, in China in about the same era (2000 BC), a man called Shen Nung wrote the
    first Pen T’sao or native herbal, which contained descriptions of 365 plant-based drugs.
    Stalls and shops selling medicinal goods existed around 1900 B.C. in the town of Sippara on the
    Euphrates river. However, the earliest recorded shop dealing with sales of medicines in London
    was opened in 1345.

    The Apothecaries – Over the 16th and 17th centuries the art of the apothecary was developing
    rapidly in Britain as well as on the continent, and with this development there came a desire for
    the apothecaries or dispensers to form a Guild of their own.
    In 1617, King James 1st of England granted the Apothecaries a royal charter which separated
    them from the Grocers. Naturally the Grocers tried to resist, but the King stood firm as he saw
    the grocers as merchants having no professional skill, whilst the practice of the apothecary was
    an art and a mystery. (Skill & Knowledge) These very same words were in use in apprenticeship
    indentures less than 100 years ago. 
    The defining moment, after almost 200 years of argument, came with the passing of the
    Apothecaries Act of 1815. Prior to this, many apothecaries practised medicine, but they weren’t
    supposed to charge for their advice, only for the drugs they supplied. The physicians weren’t
    supposed to dispense drugs, but many did and they even brought law suits against apothecaries
    who exceeded their powers. Surgeons could only prescribe remedies for external ailments and
    not “physic”, and some of them also dispensed. The outcome of the new Apothecaries Act was a
    clearer definition of the two streams of practice involving, medicine and pharmacy.
    Meskipun orang telah menggunakan zat obat untuk mengobati diri mereka sendiri sejauh ada
    orang, profesi farmasi memiliki asal yang lebih baru. Namun demikian, akarnya dapat
    ditemukan lebih dari 4000 tahun yang lalu.
    Akar farmasi
    Profesi farmasi dapat ditelusuri kembali setidaknya sejauh populasi Sumeria, yang hidup di Irak
    modern. Dari sekitar 4000 SM, mereka menggunakan tanaman obat seperti liquorice, mustard,
    myrrh, dan opium. Ada beberapa orang yang bekerja untuk menyiapkan obat-obatan, sebagai
    peran terpisah dari diagnosis dan perawatan yang dilakukan oleh petugas medis. Prekursor untuk
    apoteker ini juga menggabungkan peran mereka dengan peran seorang pendeta. Bangsa Sumeria
    menulis resep paling awal yang masih hidup dari setidaknya 2700 SM. - hampir 5000 tahun
    yang lalu.
    Bangsa Mesir Kuno memiliki penyusun obat-obatan tertentu, yang dikenal sebagai Pastophor.
    Apotek dipandang sebagai cabang kedokteran berstatus tinggi, dan sekali lagi, seperti orang
    Sumeria, apoteker ini juga adalah pendeta yang bekerja dan berlatih di kuil.
    Dari gulungan papirus yang masih hidup, terutama Papirus Ebers yang berasal dari 1500 SM,
    kita tahu bahwa orang Mesir membuat dan menggunakan infus, salep, tablet hisap, supositoria,
    lotion, enema, dan pil. Papirus Ebers mencakup 875 resep dan 700 obat.
    Sementara itu, di Cina pada sekitar era yang sama (2000 SM), seorang pria bernama Shen Nung
    menulis Pen T'sao pertama atau herbal asli, yang berisi deskripsi dari 365 obat-obatan nabati.
    Kios dan toko yang menjual barang obat ada sekitar tahun 1900 SM. di kota Sippara di sungai
    Efrat. Namun, toko yang tercatat paling awal berurusan dengan penjualan obat-obatan di
    London dibuka pada 1345.
    The Apothecaries - Selama abad 16 dan 17 seni apoteker berkembang pesat di Inggris maupun
    di benua, dan dengan perkembangan ini muncul keinginan untuk apoteker atau dispenser untuk
    membentuk Persekutuan mereka sendiri.
    Pada 1617, Raja James 1st dari Inggris memberikan Apoteker piagam kerajaan yang
    memisahkan mereka dari Pedagang Besar. Secara alami Pedagang akan mencoba melawan,
    tetapi Raja berdiri teguh ketika ia melihat pedagang sebagai pedagang yang tidak memiliki
    keterampilan profesional, sementara praktik apoteker adalah seni dan misteri. (Keterampilan &
    Pengetahuan) Kata-kata yang sama ini digunakan di indentures magang kurang dari 100 tahun
    yang lalu.
    Momen yang menentukan, setelah hampir 200 tahun berdebat, datang dengan berlalunya
    Undang-Undang Apoteker tahun 1815. Sebelum ini, banyak apoteker yang mempraktikkan
    kedokteran, tetapi mereka tidak seharusnya meminta biaya atas saran mereka, hanya untuk obat-
    obatan yang mereka pasok. Para dokter tidak seharusnya mengeluarkan obat-obatan, tetapi
    banyak yang melakukannya dan mereka bahkan membawa tuntutan hukum terhadap apotek
    yang melebihi kekuatan mereka. Ahli bedah hanya bisa meresepkan obat untuk penyakit luar
    dan bukan "fisik", dan beberapa dari mereka juga ditiadakan. Hasil dari Undang-Undang
    Apoteker yang baru adalah definisi yang lebih jelas tentang dua aliran praktik yang melibatkan,
    kedokteran dan farmasi.

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