EN-524, Fall 2020, Lec 1 and 2

Wastewater Engineering EN-524
Lecture 1 and 2
Dr. Atif Mustafa
Associate Professor
Department of Environmental Engineering
NED University of Engineering & Technology
1
Introduction
*Instructor: Dr. Atif Mustafa
*Credit Hours: 03 hours
*Total Lectures: 32 lectures
*Contact Hours: 48 hours
*Consultation Hours: 4 hours per week
*Total Marks: 100 60 Final exam + 40 sessional
work
*Sessional Work: Attendance & participation,

Assignments, Tests, Presentations, Project
2
Course and Instructor Info
*Course Code: EN-524 (Compulsory
course)
*Academic Session: 2020
*Credit Hours: 03
*Contact Information: Room # 9, GF,
Department of Environmental
Engineering
*Telephone: +92-21-992-61261-8
Ext. 2624
*E-mail: atifm@neduet.edu.pk
3
Course Description
*This is a major design course at the
postgraduate level
*The purpose of the course is to acquaint
the students with wastewater treatment
systems and their design
*The course covers treatment methods
including majorly physical and biological
methods 4
Teaching Methodology
*There will be 32 lecture sessions including
tests and individual/group presentations
*Roughly, there would be 2 or 3 tests in the
semester
*Assignments would be from the course
material and will be predominantly design
problems
*Lectures will be delivered using combination
of PowerPoint Presentation; White Board;
OHPs
5
Grades Assessment
• Sessional marks = 40
• Final exam marks = 60
Sessional Marks Breakup
Tests
Project 30%
30%
Assignments
Presentations 20%
20%
6
Recommended Books
Wastewater Engineering –Treatment
and Reuse
Metcalf and Eddy Inc.

(3rd edition and 4th edition)
7
Classroom Rules
*Attendance – 75% MANDATORY
*Relaxation of 15 minutes
*Please DO NOT be a habitual latecomer
*When you join the class, please mute
*You should participate in classroom
8
Course Outline
*Pre-Design Studies
*Wastewater Characteristics
*Pretreatment/Preliminary Treatment
*Primary Treatment
*Reactor Design
*Process Kinetics
*Biological Treatment Processes (aerobic / anaerobic)
*Design of Biological Treatment Units (Suspended
Growth-AS, SBR, AL)
*Design of Biological Treatment Units (Attached Growth –
TF, RBC)
*Natural Treatment Systems (Ponds and Constructed
Wetlands) 9
Wastewater Engineering
*It is defined as that branch of

environmental engineering in which
the basic principles of science and
engineering are applied to the
problems of water pollution control.
10
Wastewater Flows Components
Sanitary Sewage
The excreted waste from humans is called Sanitary Sewage.
Domestic Sewage
Wastewater from residential areas (kitchen, bath, laundry and
floor drain wastes) referred to as Domestic Sewage.
Municipal Wastewater
Sanitary sewage, domestic sewage along with the liquid wastes
from commercial and industrial establishments are termed as
Municipal Wastewater.
Industrial Wastewater
Wastewaters from industries include sanitary waste, process
wastes from manufacturing, wash waters and relatively
uncontaminated water from heating and cooling operations.
11
Wastewater Flows Components…contd.
Storm Water
The wastewater originated from the activities such as run-off due
to rainfall, fire fighting, street washing
Infiltration/inflow
In infiltration water that enters the sewers through leaking joints,
cracks and breaks or porous walls.
Inflow is storm water that enters the sewer system from storm
drain connections, foundation and basement drains or through
manhole covers.
12
Sewage
Composed of two types of wastes
1. Human body wastes:
*10 to 20% by volume
*Contains large amount of disease causing organisms
2. Grey water or Sullage:
*It is the water resultingfrom personal washing,
laundry, food preparation and cleaning of kitchen
utensils
*Sullage is the source of variety of chemical-
detergents, soaps, fats and grease, pesticides, etc
13
Sewage Treatment
Sewage has to be treated before it is
disposed in a natural watercourse in order
to:
1. reduce the spread of communicable
diseases caused by pathogenic organisms
2. prevent the pollution of surface and
ground waters
14
Sewage Breakdown
Sewage
Water Solids
99.9% 0.1%
Organic Inorganic
70% 30%
Proteins Carbohydrates Fats

Grit Salts Metals
65% 25% 10%
15
Treatment Technologies
* A variety of treatment technologies are available to treat
industrial, commercial & domestic wastewaters
* Technologies have different technical and commercial
prospective and constraints
* Selection of appropriate technology depends on various factors
and is the key to the success of a wastewater treatment plant
Factors:
* Finance, land and electricity availability, technology and human
resource availability, site condition, design life of WWTP, social
and cultural conditions
* Final selection of a particular technology is a result of intricate
balance of technological, economical and social criteria
16
Treatment Schemes
* Engineers refer to domestic and commercial wastewater as
sewage:
• Domestic & Commercial

STP Wastewater Treatment Plant
• Industrial Wastewater
ETP Treatment Plant
• For Industrial Parks or

CETP Estates
17
Wastewater Treatment Objectives
From 1900 to early 1970s treatment objectives were:

*the removal of suspended & floatable material
*the treatment of biodegradable organics
*the elimination of pathogenic organisms
From 1970s to early 1980 treatment objectives were
based:
*primarily on aesthetic and environmental concerns
*the earlier objectives continued but at higher levels
*removal of nutrients, such as nitrogen and
phosphorus also began to be addressed
18
Wastewater Treatment Objectives
From 1980s to 2000:
*the water quality objectives of the 1970s have
continued
*emphasis has shifted to the definition and removal of
constituents that may cause long-
term health effects and environmental impacts
*removal of toxic compounds and nutrients (N and P)
From 2000 onwards:
*removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs),
pharmaceutical and personal care products ( PPCPs),
and other synthetic compounds
19
Levels of Wastewater Treatment
Treatment Description
Level
Preliminary Removal of wastewater constituents such as rags, sticks,
floatables, grit and grease that may cause maintenance or
operational problems with the treatment operations, processes
and ancillary systems
Primary Removal of a portion of the suspended solids and organic matter
from the wastewater
Secondary Removal of biodegradable organic matter and suspended solids.
Tertiary Removal of residual suspended solids after secondary

treatment. Nutrient removal is included in this definition
Advanced Removal of dissolved and suspended materials remaining after
normal biological treatment when required for various water
reuse applications
20

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Wastewater Engineering EN-524

*Sessional Work: Attendance & participation,

Metcalf and Eddy Inc.

*It is defined as that branch of

Proteins Carbohydrates Fats

• Domestic & Commercial

• For Industrial Parks or

From 1900 to early 1970s treatment objectives were:

Tertiary Removal of residual suspended solids after secondary

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