Starz University: Optical Communication Net

Starz University
The College of Science and Technology

Airfield, Sinkor
Optical Communication Net
Student : Widimongar W. Jarque

ID#: 2774
Instructor : Mr. Mustapha Bawoh (Lecturer)
November 2, 2020
1
Contents
Introduction...............................................................................................................2
DWDM Explains.......................................................................................................3
How DWDM works..................................................................................................3
Diagram of DWDM...................................................................................................4
Components of DWDM System................................................................................4
 Transmitter :..................................................................................................4
 Multiplexer/ Demultiplexer:..........................................................................4
 Amplifier:........................................................................................................5
 Receiver (receive transponder).....................................................................5
Applications for DWDM...........................................................................................5
Advantages of DWDM:.............................................................................................5
Disadvantages of DWDM:........................................................................................6
Summery....................................................................................................................6
Reference...................................................................................................................7
2
Introduction
Telecommunication networks today employ optical technology to transport the enormous
amounts of data we consume, often across large distances. It is for this reason that
networks are built using fiber optic cable. In order to maximise the transmission capacity
of these cable assets, a technology known as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)
was developed. The most recent incarnation of this, and the most popular variant today, is
known as dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). Essentially, DWDM
squeezes data traffic into many distinct optical channels, using different wavelength
bands, or ‘colours’ of light. With the latest flexgrid and C+L technology, DWDM
systems can carry 30-40 Tb/s across a single fiber pair, depending upon the length of the
fiber stretch itself.
Since its introduction in late 90’s, DWDM has played an important role in optical
networking, and increased the data capacity and utilization of the physical fiber
dramatically. Simply explained, DWDM technology is based on the combination and
transmission of multiple optical signals, with dedicated wavelengths simultaneously
using the same fiber cable. This means that DWDM uses single mode fiber to carry
multiple light waves of different frequencies. Because of its simplicity and efficiency,
DWDM technology is a key component of the Internet backbone, providing almost
unlimited transmission capacity and scalability.
3
DWDM Explains
Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is a technology that puts together --
multiplexes -- data signals from different sources so they can share a single optical
fiber pair while maintaining complete separation of the data streams. Each signal is
carried on a separate light wavelength; the dense part of DWDM refers to the fact that
more than 80 separate wavelengths, each about 0.8 of a nanometer (nm) wide, can share a
single optical fiber.
DWDM allows enormous amounts of data to traverse a single network link. Because they
are carried on distinct wavelengths, the streams -- also called channels -- do not interfere
with each other. Consequently, data integrity is maintained, as well as any security-
related partitioning -- separate tenants in the same data center, for example.
Because of its ability to handle so much data, DWDM is popular with

telecommunications and cable companies and is an integral part of their core networks. It
is also of interest to anyone running densely populated data centers,
particularly hyperscale cloud service providers for their IaaS infrastructures
or colocation providers for their densely multi-tenanted spaces, for example.
How DWDM works

DWDM wavelength channels are implemented via an array of infrared
(IR) laser beams. In a system in which each channel carries 100 Gbps and 192 channels
per fiber pair, that translates to 19.2 Tbps capacity per pair. Because the channels are
physically distinct and don't interfere with each other thanks to the properties of light,
each of the channels can use different data formats and be transmitted at different data
rates.
4
Diagram of DWDM
For example, IP over DWDM would permit 100 Mbps and 10 Gbps data channels to
share an optical fiber, in addition to sharing it with an OC-192 Synchronous Optical
Network (SONET) data channel.
Components of DWDM System
Important components for DWDM systems are transmitters, receivers, optical amplifiers,

transponders, DWDM multiplexers, and DWDM demultiplexer. These components,
along with conforming to ITU channel standards, allow a DWDM system to interface
with other equipment and to implement optical solutions throughout the network.
 Transmitter : - Changes electrical bits to optical pulses

Is frequency specific, Uses a narrowband laser to generate the optical pulse
 Multiplexer/ Demultiplexer:
- Combines/separates discrete wavelengths

5
 Amplifier:
- Pre-amplifier boosts signal pulses at the receive side

- Post-amplifier boosts signal pulses at the transmit side
 Receiver (receive transponder)
Changes optical pulses back to electrical bits

Uses wideband laser to provide the optical pulse
Applications for DWDM

[
As occurs with many new technologies, the potential ways in which DWDM can be used
are only beginning to be explored. Already, however, the technology has proven to be
particularly well suited for several vital applications.
 DWDM is ready made for long-distance telecommunications operators that use

either point–to–point or ring topologies. The sudden availability of 16 new
transmission channels where there used to be one dramatically improves an
operator’s ability to expand capacity and simultaneously set aside backup
bandwidth without installing new fiber.
 This large amount of capacity is critical to the development of self-healing rings,

which characterize today’s most sophisticated telecom networks. By deploying
DWDM terminals, an operator can construct a 100% protected, 40 Gb/s ring, with
16 separate communication signals using only two fibers.
 Operators that are building or expanding their networks will also find DWDM to
be an economical way to incrementally increase capacity, rapidly provision new
equipment for needed expansion, and future–proof their infrastructure against
unforeseen bandwidth demands
Advantages of DWDM:
 Less fiber cores to transmite and receive high capacity data
 A single core fiber cable could divided into multiple channels instead of using 12
fiber core.
6
 Easy network expansion, especially for limited fiber resource, no need extra fiber
but add wavelength, Low cost for expansion, because no need to replace many
components such as optical amplifiers, Can move to STM-64 when economics
improve
 DWDM systems capable of longer span lengths, TDM approach using STM-64 is
more costly and more susceptible to chromatic and polarization mode dispersion
 Currently Lucent DWDM systems support transmissions of 160 separate
wavelengths. Each wavelength is capable of supporting a signal of up to 10 Gbps.
 80 wavelengths
 Automatic channel switching
 High bandwidth: up to 400 Gbit/s per channel
 Longer distances
 Larger networks
Disadvantages of DWDM:
 More complex network design requires higher expertise

 Not cost-effective for low channels, low channel recommend CWDM
 Complicated transmitters and receivers
 Wide-band changel, CAPEX and OPEX high
 The frequency domain involved in the network design and management, increase
the difficulty for implementation
Summery
 DWDM was introduced to increase bandwidth by better utilizing existing fiber

optic cabling
 DWDM is able to place many network formats of different speeds on the same
fiber optic cable
 Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers and Cross Connects are what places the digital
signals on the fiber
 Less cable and therefore less optical repeating equipment is needed for DWDM
7
 DWDM SAVES Cost
Reference
DENSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING

PRITI RANI
MNW-891-2K11
MTECH(CN)
YMCAUST.FBD (PowerPoint)
https://trigon.ch/en/about-trigon/blog/dwdm-or-cwdm-when-which-
technology/#:~:text=Advantages%20of%20DWDM%3A&text=Automatic%20channel
%20switching,Larger%20networks
http://www.fowiki.com/b/dwdm-disadvantages-and-dwdm-advantages/
www.youtube.com

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Starz University

The College of Science and Technology

Optical Communication Net

Student : Widimongar W. Jarque

Instructor : Mr. Mustapha Bawoh (Lecturer)

Because of its ability to handle so much data, DWDM is popular with

How DWDM works

Components of DWDM System

Important components for DWDM systems are transmitters, receivers, optical amplifiers,

 Transmitter : - Changes electrical bits to optical pulses

- Combines/separates discrete wavelengths

- Pre-amplifier boosts signal pulses at the receive side

 Receiver (receive transponder)

Changes optical pulses back to electrical bits

Applications for DWDM

 DWDM is ready made for long-distance telecommunications operators that use

 This large amount of capacity is critical to the development of self-healing rings,

 Automatic channel switching

 High bandwidth: up to 400 Gbit/s per channel

 More complex network design requires higher expertise

 DWDM was introduced to increase bandwidth by better utilizing existing fiber

 DWDM SAVES Cost

DENSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING

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