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    7 DWDM

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    chilledkarthik
    The document discusses Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) as a solution to increasing network bandwidth demands. It describes how DWDM works by utilizing different wavelengths of light to transmit parallel data streams over the same optical fiber. This increases fiber capacity by a factor of 32 or more. The document outlines the evolution of DWDM technology, components of a DWDM system like optical amplifiers, ongoing developments from companies, and concludes that DWDM is a robust and cost-effective solution that maximizes the utilization of network resources.

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    7 DWDM

    Uploaded by

    chilledkarthik
    109 views15 pages
    The document discusses Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) as a solution to increasing network bandwidth demands. It describes how DWDM works by utilizing different wavelengths of light to transmit parallel data streams over the same optical fiber. This increases fiber capacity by a factor of 32 or more. The document outlines the evolution of DWDM technology, components of a DWDM system like optical amplifiers, ongoing developments from companies, and concludes that DWDM is a robust and cost-effective solution that maximizes the utilization of network resources.

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    The document discusses Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) as a solution to increasing network bandwidth demands. It describes how DWDM works by utilizing different wavelengths of light to transmit parallel data streams over the same optical fiber. This increases fiber capacity by a factor of 32 or more. The document outlines the evolution of DWDM technology, components of a DWDM system like optical amplifiers, ongoing developments from companies, and concludes that DWDM is a robust and cost-effective solution that maximizes the utilization of network resources.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    109 views15 pages

    7 DWDM

    Uploaded by

    chilledkarthik
    The document discusses Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) as a solution to increasing network bandwidth demands. It describes how DWDM works by utilizing different wavelengths of light to transmit parallel data streams over the same optical fiber. This increases fiber capacity by a factor of 32 or more. The document outlines the evolution of DWDM technology, components of a DWDM system like optical amplifiers, ongoing developments from companies, and concludes that DWDM is a robust and cost-effective solution that maximizes the utilization of network resources.

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    You are on page 1of 15

    Fiber Systems Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)

    Brief Overview
    Problems with increasing network demands Solutions proposed & their limitations Evolution of DWDM Technical details Drawbacks Ongoing Research Conclusion

    Growing Network Usage Patterns


    Issues
    Exponential increase in user demand for bandwidth
    Doubling of bandwidth requirement every 6-9 months

    Consistency in quality of services provided Keeping the cost of solutions at bay

    Solutions
    Increase channel capacity: TDM, WDM Statistical multiplexing of users: Multiple optical fibers

    Another glimpse at the solutions


    TDM

    (Time Division Multiplexing)

    Slotting of channels simultaneous users Increasing bit rate to maximize utilization of given bandwidth
    WDM

    (Wavelength Division Multiplexing)

    Use of optical fibers to achieve higher speeds Utilize wavelengths to multiplex users Allow continuous channel allocation per user Increases the effective bandwidth of existing fiber

    Limitations of current solutions


    TDM

    Dependency of Mux-Demux on bit rate Limitations on bit rates


    how

    fast can we go? (Decides how small the time slots can be)

    WDM
    Inefficient usage of full capacity of the optical fiber Capability of carrying signals efficiently over short distances only

    Improvements in optical fibers and narrowband lasers


    Birth of Dense WDM (DWDM)

    Evolution of DWDM
    Late 1990s 1996 DWDM Early 1990s Narrowband WDM

    64+ channels 25~50 GHz spacing 16+ channels 100~200 GHz spacing

    2~8 channels 200~400 GHz spacing 2 channels 1310nm, 1550nm

    1980s Wideband WDM

    What is DWDM?
    Definition
    Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is a fiber-optic transmission technique that employs light wavelengths to transmit data parallel-by-bit or serial-by-character

    How does DWDM fair better?


    No O-E-O required Protocol & Bit Rate independence Increased overall capacity at much lower cost
    Current fiber plant investment can be optimized by a factor of at least 32

    Transparency
    Physical layer architecture supports both TDM and data formats such as ATM, Gigabit Ethernet, etc.

    Scalability
    Utilize abundance of dark fibers in metropolitan areas and enterprise networks

    Capacity Expansion

    Basic Components & Operation


    Transmitting Side
    Lasers with precise stable wavelengths Optical Multiplexers

    On the Link
    Optical fiber Optical amplifiers

    Receiving Side
    Photo detectors Optical Demultiplexers

    Optical add/drop multiplexers

    Optical Amplifier

    Eliminates O-E-O conversions More effective than electronic repeaters Isolator prevents reflection Light at 980nm or 1480nm is injected via the pump laser Gains ~ 30dB; Output Power ~ 17dB

    Drawbacks
    Dispersion
    Chromatic dispersion Polarization mode dispersion

    Attenuation
    Intrinsic: Scattering, Absorption, etc. Extrinsic: Manufacturing Stress, Environment, etc.

    Four wave mixing


    Non-linear nature of refractive index of optical fiber Limits channel capacity of the DWDM System

    Ongoing Developments
    Nortel Networks
    Metro DWDM OPTera Long Haul 5000 Optical Line System

    Cisco Systems
    ONS 15200 Metro DWDM Solution

    Lucent Technologies
    LambdaXtreme Transport WaveStar OLS 1.6T

    Agility Communications & UC Santa Barbara


    Tunable Lasers used for multiple wavelengths

    Conclusion
    Robust and simple design Works entirely in the Optical domain Multiplies the capacity of the network many fold Cheap Components Handles the present BW demand cost effectively Maximum utilization of untapped resources Best suited for long-haul networks

    References
    [1] Introducing DWDM http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/mels/dwdm/dwdm_fns.htm [2] Fundamentals of DWDM Technology http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/mels/dwdm/dwdm_ovr.htm [3] Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/dwdm [4] Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Testing http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/dwdm_test [5] Fiber-Optic Communications Technology by D.K. Mynbaev, L.L. Scheiner, Pearson Education Asia, 2001 edition [6] Dense wave nets' future is cloudy by Chappell Brown, EETimes http://www.eetimes.com/story/OEG20011221S0035 [7] Cisco Systems http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/optical/ps1996/products_quick_reference_guide091 86a00800886bb.html [8] Lucent Technologies http://www.lucent.com/products/subcategory/0,,CTID+2021-STID+10482-LOCL+1,00.html [9] Nortel Networks: OPTera Long Haul & Metro DWDM (http://www.nortelnetworks.com/products/01/optera/long_haul/dwdm/) & (http://www.nortelnetworks.com/products/library/collateral/12001.25-03-02.pdf) [10] Agility Communications http://agility.com/intervals/index.phtml?ID=93&f_code=1

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