Detailed Hydraulic Calculations

Introduction:
The length of a bridge, its depth of foundation etc. are dependent on the maximum recorded quantum of
water or flood discharge which has passed through the river or the channel over which the bridge is
proposed and as such the design discharge is very important not only from economic consideration but also
from safety or stability consideration. Therefore, the design discharge, which might be the recorded
dischrge during the past 50-100 years, shall be ascertained very carefully.

There are various methods for the estimation of flood discharge like:
1. Catchment-Run-off Method from rainfall and other characteristics of the catchment by the use of
empirical formulae or by Rational Method.
2. By using Empirical Formulae.
3. From hydraulic characteristics of the stream such as the conveyance factor and slope of the stream.
4. From area of cross-section and velocity as observed on the stream at the bridge site.
5. From recorded flood discharge near the bridge site.

The use of a particular method depends upon (i) the desired objective, (ii) the available data and (iii) the
importance of the project. Further the Rational Method is found to be suitable for peak flow prediction in
small catchments upto 50 km2 in area. It finds considerable application in urban drainage designs and in the
design of small bridges and culverts.

Below, the flood discharge is estimated only by the first two methods written above. The third method
cannot be used for the hydraulic calculations as it is not possible to measure the velocity of the stream at the
bridge site as the stream is dry now. The fourth or last method is not used as the recorded flood discharge
near the bridge site is not available.
 1.) Rational Method to calculate Peak Run-off from Catchment:

Step I - Input data:-

Area of Catchment (A): = 3300 Ha
Distance from the critical point to the Outlet (L): = 3.300 km
Fall in level from the critical point to the Outlet (H): = 1.650 m
The values of H and L can be found from the contour map of the catchment area.
One - hour Rainfall (I0):
Value of I0 can be worked out if the total rainfall and the duration of the severest storm are known. If these
data are not available for some place, for that Meteorological Department of the Government of India, have
supplied the heaviest rainfall in mm/hour experienced by various places in India. For Gaya, the I 0 is
considered mentioned below.
Hence, I0 (ref. IRC:SP: 13-2004 Appendix- A) = 6.99 cm
Percentage coefficient of Run-off for the Catchment Characteristics (P):
Coefficient P depends on the (i) porosity of the soil, (ii) area, shape and the size of the catchment, (iii)
vegetation cover, (iv) surface storage viz. existence of lakes and marshes, and (v) initial state of wetness of
soil. The values of P for the various conditions of the catchment area are given below:
Table 4.1 (IRC:SP: 13-2004): Maximum Value of P :-
Sl. No. Characteristics of the catchment Value of P
8 Sandy soil, light growth 0.20
Hence, P for Catchment charaterised by Sandy soil, light growth = 0.20

Fraction spread of storm over the catchment (f):

The mean intensity of the storm depends on the catchment area. The larger the area considered the smaller
would be the mean intensity,i.e., the mean intensity is some inverse function of the size of the catchment.
The relation of f with A can be represented by the curve given in Fig. 4.2 of IRC:SP: 13-2004, shown
below:

Fig. 4.2-IRC:SP: 13-2004-'f' curve

0.9

f 0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5
0 4 8 12 16 168 172

Catchment Area (Ha) x 1000

Hence, from curve 'f' for catchment area of 3300 hectares = 0.88
Step II - Estimating the Concentration time of a Catchment (tc):-
The time of concentration is to be calculated by the formula given below:
tc = (0.87 x L3/H)0.385 = (0.87 x 3.3^3 /1.65 )^0.385 = 3.10 hr

Step III - Calculation of Critical/ Design Intensity (Ic):-

The Design Intensity is given by the formula:
Ic = 2 x I0 /(tc + 1) = 2 x 6.99 /(3.1 + 1 ) = 3.5 cm/hr

Step IV - Calculation of Run-off (Q):-

Q = 0.028 x Ic x f x P x A = 0.028 x 3.5 x 0.88 x 0.2 x 3300 = 56.92 m3/s

Design Discharge = 57 m3/s

Regime width = 4.8 x (Q)0.5 = 36.24 m
 PMGSY (GOVT. OF BIHAR)

Hydrological Calculation of Bridges

RCC T-Girder Bridge

Construction of HL RCC Bridge at NARKATIYA GANJ

Name of Road:
MANWAPARSI ROAD TO AKDERWA ROAD

Road Code: Block: NARKATIYAGANJ

Name of River LOCAL District: W. CHAMPARAN

Location of Bridge:

Span Arrangement: 5 x 16m

Length of Bridge: 87.74 m

Design Discharge: 209.24 cumec.

Design Velocity: 1.939 m/s

Design HFL: 99.610 m

Design FRL: 102.465 m

Top of Abutment/Pier cap: 100.243 m

Lowest Bed level at Pier: 95.263 m

Lowest Bed level at Abutment: 98.337 m
Lowest Bed level at Bank: 98.337 m
Hydrological Calculation of Bridges

2. Design Discharge Calculation ( AREA OF VELOCITY METHOD)

Construction of HL RCC Bridge at NARKATIYA GANJ MANWAPARSI ROAD TO AKDERWA ROAD

Longitudinal slope= 0.0038 HFL= 99.610 m Manning's coeff., n = 0.050

C/S of Chainage 60.0m U/S

Actual Modified Average Horizontal Area, A Difference Wetted Hydraulic Velocity, V = Discharge
Bed Level
101.000
Chainage H.F.L Bed Level Bed Level Height Height Distance 6x7 in h Perimeter, P Mean Depth, R ( R2/3 x S1/2 )/ n Q= AxV
100.000
(m) (m) (m) h h' x h" sqrt(7*7+9*9) (A/P) m/sec m3/sec 99.000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 98.000
-0+024 99.838 99.838 99.838 0.000 97.000
-0+016 99.838 98.639 98.639 1.199 0.600 8.433 5.057 1.199 8.518 96.000
-0+009 99.838 97.618 97.618 2.220 1.710 7.178 12.274 1.021 7.250 95.000
0+000 99.838 95.629 95.629 4.209 3.215 8.698 27.964 1.989 8.923 94.000
0+007 99.838 97.819 97.819 2.019 2.019 6.904 13.942 2.190 7.243 93.000

0+007
-0+024

-0+016

-0+009

0+000

0+012

0+018
0+012 99.838 98.743 98.743 1.095 1.557 5.253 8.181 0.924 5.334
0+018 99.838 99.838 99.838 0.000 0.548 6.228 3.411 1.095 6.323
C/S of Chainage 60.0m U/S H.F.L
Avg.depth 1.608 Total 70.830 43.590 1.625 1.71 120.817

C/S of Chainage B/S

Actual Modified Average Horizontal Area, A Difference Wetted Hydraulic Velocity, V = Discharge Bed Level
100.000
Chainage H.F.L Bed Level Bed Level Height Height Distance 6x7 in h Perimeter, P Mean Depth, R ( R2/3 x S1/2 )/ n Q= AxV
(m) (m) (m) h h' x h" sqrt(7*7+9*9) (A/P) m/sec m3/sec 99.000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 98.000
-0+039 99.610 99.610 99.610 0.228 97.000
-0+018 99.610 98.337 98.337 1.501 0.865 20.842 18.028 1.273 20.881
96.000
-0+015 99.610 96.867 96.867 2.971 2.236 3.062 6.848 1.470 3.397
0+000 99.610 95.263 95.263 4.575 3.773 15.096 56.964 1.604 15.181 95.000
0+005 99.610 96.563 96.563 3.275 3.925 5.317 20.872 1.300 5.474 94.000
0+014 99.610 97.564 97.564 2.274 2.775 8.669 24.056 1.001 8.727 93.000

-0+039

-0+018

-0+015

0+000

0+005

0+014

0+018

0+045
0+018 99.610 98.537 98.537 1.301 1.788 3.854 6.891 0.973 3.975
0+045 99.610 99.610 99.610 0.228 0.765 27.160 20.776 1.073 27.181
C/S of Chainage B/S
Avg.depth 2.304 Total 154.435 84.815 1.821 1.84 284.198 H.F.L

PMGSY-Bihar
 99.000
98.000
97.000

Hydrological Calculation of Bridges 96.000

95.000
2. Design Discharge Calculation ( AREA OF VELOCITY METHOD) 94.000

Construction of HL RCC Bridge at NARKATIYA GANJ MANWAPARSI ROAD TO AKDERWA ROAD 93.000

-0+039

-0+018

-0+015

0+000

0+005

0+014

0+018

0+045
Longitudinal slope= 0.0038 HFL= 99.610 m Manning's coeff., n = 0.050 C/S of Chainage B/S
H.F.L

C/S of Chainage 65.0m D/S

Bed Level
Actual Modified Average Horizontal Area, A Difference Wetted Hydraulic Velocity, V = Discharge
101.000
Chainage H.F.L Bed Level Bed Level Height Height Distance 6x7 in h Perimeter, P Mean Depth, R ( R2/3 x S1/2 )/ n Q= AxV
100.000
(m) (m) (m) h h' x h" sqrt(7*7+9*9) (A/P) m/sec m3/sec
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 99.000
-0+021 99.858 99.858 99.858 0.000 98.000
-0+020 99.86 98.828 98.828 1.010 0.505 1.357 0.685 1.010 1.692 97.000
-0+012 99.86 97.513 97.513 2.325 1.668 8.245 13.752 1.315 8.349 96.000
0+000 99.86 95.609 95.609 4.229 3.277 11.894 38.982 1.904 12.045 95.000
0+006 99.86 97.223 97.223 2.615 3.422 6.360 21.767 1.614 6.562
94.000
0+018 99.86 98.179 98.179 1.659 2.137 11.640 24.880 0.956 11.679
93.000
0+026 99.86 98.928 98.928 0.910 1.285 8.000 10.280 0.749 8.035

-0+021

0+000

0+006

0+026
-0+020

-0+012

0+018

0+036
0+036 99.86 99.858 99.858 0.000 0.455 9.928 4.519 0.910 9.970
C/S of Chainage 65.0m D/S H.F.L
Avg.depth 1.822 Total 114.866 58.332 1.969 1.94 222.712

Bead Level, m
Summery:

95.700
Long Slope
Velocity (V, Discharge (Q, Lowest Bed
S# Loaction Chainage Long Slope
m/s) cu.m) level 95.600
1 U/S 60 m 1.706 120.817 95.629 0.0000 95.500

2 B/S 0m 1.840 284.198 95.263 0.0061 95.400

95.300
3 D/S 65 m 1.939 222.712 95.609 0.0053
95.200
95.100
Design HFL= 99.610 m
95.000
Maximum Velocity= 1.939 m/s 60 m 0m 65 m
U/S B/S D/S
Average Discharge= 209.24 cu.m Say 210 cu.m Long Slope

Average Long slope= 0.0038

PMGSY-Bihar
Hydrological Calculation of Bridges

2. Design Discharge Calculation ( AREA OF VELOCITY METHOD)

Construction of HL RCC Bridge at NARKATIYA GANJ MANWAPARSI ROAD TO AKDERWA ROAD

Longitudinal slope= 0.0038 HFL= 99.610 m Manning's coeff., n = 0.050

3. Discharge by Dicken's Formula:

Dickens Formula:

Area of Catchment (A): = 3300.0 Ha Ánual Rail Fall: 1192.0 mm/hr

Dickens Constant, CD : = 14
Discharge = CD x (A)3/4 = 193 m3/s

Design Discharge = 209.2 m3/s

PMGSY-Bihar
Hydrological Calculation of Bridges

Calculation of Waterway & Scour Depth

Design discharge, Q = 209 cumec
Regime width, W = C x sqrt(Q) = = 69.43 m (Where C= 4.8) 45.1315
Width restriction upto 33.0% = 22.91 m 47.4715
Regime width after restriction = 46.52 m
R.L. of HFL = 99.610 m
Design Discharge of the bridge location, Q = 272.02 cumec.

Type of Bridge: RCC T-Girder

Proposed Span Scheme :
Span provided= 16.00 m No. of Span= 5
Hence Total length of the Bridge = 87.74 m
Width of individual pier shaft = 1.80 m Skew angle: 0
Width of obstruction including Abutments = 8.78 m
No. of intermediate supports = 4 Nos.
Bank to Bank Distance at site 87.74 m Actual length= 87.74 m
Effective Linear Waterway (L e) = 78.96 m (Bank to bank)

HFL = 99.610 m
Q = 272.02 cumec
Le = 78.96 m
Db = 3.44 cumec/m
Ksf = 1.0 Considering silt factor 0.6 as per IRC 78:2014
S = 0.0038
dsm = 1.34*(Db2/Ksf)^1/3
3.057 m
For abutment, 1.27*dsm = 3.88 m
For Pier, 2*dsm = 6.11 m

RL of scour for Abutment = 95.728 m

RL of scour for Pier = 93.497 m

PMGSY-Bihar
Hydrological Calculation of Bridge

Calculation of Afflux Height

Proposed Span Scheme :

Hence total length of the bridge for the river proper = 87.74 m
Width of individual pier shaft = 1.8 m
Width of pile cap = 1.5 m
Width of obstruction = 9.78 m
No. of intermediate supports = 4 Nos.
Effective Linear waterway, Le = 78.96 m
Design discharge= 209.24 cu.m

AFFLUX HEIGHT
Average velocity of flow = V = 1.939 m/sec.
Un-obstructed area of flow = A1 = 87.74 m (Area of flow at bridge site)
Obstructed area of flow = A = 78.96 m 2.25

Afflux at H.F.L. by Molesworth formula :

2
V2 A1
h = + 0.0153 1
17.86 A

Hence, h= 0.053 m. = 53.0 mm

MINIMUM FREE BOARD

Minimum free board recommended = (Vide Clause 106.2.1 of IRC:5) 0.90 m.
Additional free-board required for Afflux = 0.053 m.
Total Free-board required = 0.953 m, say = 1.00 m.
Design FRL:
Hence soffit level of girder of superstructure = 100.61 m
Depth of superstructure = 1.575 m
FRL already provided= 102.465 m
Thk of wearing course = 0.075 m
Hence deck top level of the bridge = 102.260 m Hence proposed FRL is Ok

PMGSY-Bihar