KTG3546

Multi-Mode Primary Side Regulation (PSR) CV/CC Controller

General Description

KTG3546 is a high performance Primary Side Regulation (PSR) power switch with
high precision CV/CC control ideal for charger applications.
In CV mode, KTG3546 adopt Multi Mode Control whichuses the hybrid of AM
(Amplitude Modu lation) mode and (Frequency Modulation) FM mode to improve KTG3546 SOP7
system efficiency and reliability. In CC mode, the IC uses PFM control with line and load
CC compensation. The IC can achieve audio noise free operation and optimized dynamic response. The built-in
Cable Drop Compensation (CDC) function can provide excellent CV performance. KTG3546 integrate functions and
protections of Under Voltage Lockout (UVLO), VDD over Voltage Protection (VDD OVP), Cycle-by-cycle
Current Limiting (OCP), Short Load Protection (SLP), and VDD Clamping.

KTG3546 is available in SOP7 package.

Features
z Flyback PSR Control
z Multi Mode PSR Control
z Audio Noise Free Operation for PSR
z Optimized Dynamic Response for PSR
z Low Standby Power <70mW
z ±4% CC and CV Regulation
z Programmable Cable Drop Compensation：(CDC) in PSR CV Mode
z Built-in AC Line & Load CC Compensation
z Build in Protections:
Short Load Protection (SLP) On-Chip Thermal Shutdown (OTP)
Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limiting Leading Edge Blanking (LEB)
Pin Floating Protection
z VDD OVP & Clamp

Applications
z Battery Chargers for Cellular Phones
z AC/DC Power Adapter
z LED Drives

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 KTG3546
Multi-Mode Primary Side Regulation (PSR) CV/CC Controller

Functional Block Diagram

CS

Pin Configuration
GND D D

KTG3546

VCC FB FB CS

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 KTG3546
Multi-Mode Primary Side Regulation (PSR) CV/CC Controller

Pin Description
SOP7 Symbol Function
1 VCC IC Supply Voltage input
2 FB Feedback input
3 FB Feedback input
4 CS Current sense input
5、6 D Drain of internal MOSFET
7 GND IC Ground

Absolute Maximum Ratings *1

Parameter Name Value Unit

VDD DC Supply Voltage 34.5 V
VDD DC Clamp Current 10 mA
Drain Pin 600 V
CS Voltage Range -0.3～7 V
FB Voltage Range -0.7～7 V
Package Thermal Resistance 165 ℃/W
Maximum Junction Temperature 150 ℃
Operating Temperature Range -40 ~ +85 ℃
Storage Temperature Range -65 ~ +150 ℃
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10sec.) 260 ℃
ESD Capability, HBM (Human Body Model) 3 kV
ESD Capability, MM (Machine Model) 250 V
Electrical Characteristics (TA = 25°C,unless otherwise specified)
Parameter Name Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
Supply Voltage Section (VDD Pin)
Start-up Current into VDD Pin IVDD_ST 2 20 µA
Operation Current VDD_OP VFB=3V,VDD=20V 1.0 1.5 mA
Standby Current IVDD_standby 0.5 1.0 mA
VDD Under Voltage Lockout Exit VDD_ON 15.0 16.3 17.5 V
VDD Under Voltage Lockout Enter VDD_OFF 8 9 10 V
VDD OVP Threshold VDD_OVP 28 30 32 V
VDD Zener Clamp Voltage VDD_Clamp I(VDD)=7mA 32.5 34.5 36.5 V
Control Function Section (FB Pin)
Internal Error Amplifier(EA) Reference
VFB_REF 1.97 2.00 2.03 V
Input

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 KTG3546
Multi-Mode Primary Side Regulation (PSR) CV/CC Controller

Parameter Name Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

Short Load Protection (SLP) Threshold VFB_SLP 0.7 V
Short Load Protection (SLP) Debounce
TFB_SHORT 10 ms
Time
Demagnetization Comparator Threshold VFB_DEM 25 mV
Minimum OFF time T off min *3 2 µs
Maximum OFF time T off max *3 5 ms
Maximum Cable Drop compensation
I Cable_max 63 µA
current
Current Sense Input Section (CS Pin)
CS Input Leading Edge Blanking Time TLEB 500 ns
Current Limiting Threshold Vcs(max) 490 500 510 mV
Over Current Detection and Control
TD_OCP GATE=0.5nF 100 ns
Delay
Power switch section
MOSFET Breakdown voltage Vds-BV 600 V
MOSFET Switch ON-Resistance Rds_on 2.2 Ω
Over Temperature Protection
Thermal Shutdown TSD *3 165 ℃
Thermal Recovery TRC *3 135 ℃

*1. Stresses listed as the above "Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are for
stress ratings. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the
operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended
periods may remain possibility to affect device reliability.
*2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions.
*3. Guaranteed by the Design.

Application Summary
SA3546 is family of multi mode, highly integrated DCM (Discontinuous Conduction Mode) Primary
Side Regulation (PSR) power switch. The built-in high precision CV/CC control with high level protection
features makes it suitable for offline small power converter applications.

System Start-Up Operation

Before the IC starts to work, it consumes only startup current (typically 2µA) which allows a large value startup
resistor to be used to minimize the power loss and the current flowing through the startup resistor charges the

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 KTG3546
Multi-Mode Primary Side Regulation (PSR) CV/CC Controller

VDD hold-up capacitor from the high voltage DC bus.

When VDD reaches UVLO turn-on voltage of 16.3V
(typical), KTG3546 begin switching and the IC operation
current is increased to be 1mA (typical). The hold-up
capacitor continues to supply VDD before the auxiliary
winding of the transformer takes the control of VDD
voltage .Once KTG3546 enter very low frequency FM
(Frequency Modulation) mode, the operating current is
reduced to be 0.5mA typically, which helps to reduce the
standby power loss.
Fig.1
PSR Constant Voltage Modulation (PSR-CVM)
In primary side control, the output voltage is sensed on the auxiliary winding during the transfer of transformer
energy to the secondary. Fig.2 illustrates the CV sampling signal timing wave form in KTG3546.

As shown in Fig.2, it is clear that there is a down slope representing a decreasing total rectifier Vf and its voltage
drop as the secondary current decreases to zero. To achieve an accurate representation of the secondary output
voltage on the auxiliary winding, the CV sampling signal blocks the leakage inductance reset and ringing. When
the CV sampling process is over, the internal
sample/hold (S&H) circuit captures the error signal and
amplifies it through the internal Error Amplifier (EA).
The output of EA is sent to the PSR Constant Voltage
Modulator (PSR-CVM) for CV control. The internal
reference voltage for EA is trimmed to 2V with high
accuracy.

During the CV sampling process, an internal variable

current source is flowing to FB pin for Cable Drop
Compensation (CDC). Thus, there is a step at FB pin in
the transformer demagnetization process, as shown in Fig.2. Fig.2
Fig.2 also illustrates the equation for “demagnetization plateau”, where Vo and VF is the output voltage and diode
forward voltage; R1 and R2 is the resistor divider connected from the auxiliary winding to FB Pin, Ns and Na are
secondary winding and auxiliary winding respectively.

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 KTG3546
Multi-Mode Primary Side Regulation (PSR) CV/CC Controller

When system enters over load condition, the output

voltage falls down and the FB sampled voltage
should be lower than 2V internal reference which makes
system enter CC Mode automatically.

PSR Constant Current Modulation (PSR-CCM)

Timing information at the FB pin and current
information at the CS pin allow accurate regulation of the
secondary average current. The control law dictates that as
power is increased in CV regulation and approaching CC
regulation the primary peak current is at Ipp(max), as shown
in Fig.3.

Referring to Fig.3 above, the primary peak current,

transformer turns ratio, secondary demagnetization Fig.3
time (Tdem), and switching period (Tsw) determines the secondary average output current Iout. Ignoring leakage

inductance effects, the equation for average output current is shown in Fig.3. When the average output current
Iout reaches the regulation reference in the PSR Constant Current Modulator (PSR-CCM) block, the IC operates
in pulse frequency modulation (PFM) mode to control the output current at any output voltage at or below the
voltage regulation target as long as the auxiliary winding can keep VDD above the UVLO turn-off threshold.

In KTG3546,the ratio between Tdem and Tsw in CC m ode is 1/2. Therefore, the average output current
can be expressed as:
1 500mV
I PSR _ CC _ OUT (mA) ≅ ×N×
4 RCS (Ω )
In the equation above,
N----The turn ratio of primary side winding to secondary side winding.
Rcs--- the sensing resistor connected between the power MOSFET source to GND.

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 KTG3546
Multi-Mode Primary Side Regulation (PSR) CV/CC Controller

Multi Mode Control in CV Mode

To meet the tight requirement of averaged system
efficiency and no load power consumption, a hybrid
of frequency modulation (FM) and amplitude shown
in the Fig 4.

Around the full load, the system operates in FM

mode. When normal to light load conditions, the IC operates Fig.4
in FM+AM mode to achieve excellent regulation and high efficiency. When the system is near zero loading, the
IC operates in FM again for standby power reduction. In this way, the no-load consumption can be less than
70mW.

Programmable Cable Drop Compensation (CDC) in CV Mode

In smart phone charger application, the battery is always connected to the adapter with a cable wire which can
cause several percentages of voltage drop on the actual battery voltage. In KTG3546, an offset voltage is
generated at FB pin by an internal current source (modulated by CDC block, as shown in Fig.5) flowing into the

resistor divider. The current is proportional to the switching period,

thus, it is inversely proportional to the output power Pout.
Therefore, the drop due the cable loss can be compensated. As the
load decreases from full loading to zero loading, the offset voltage
at FB pin will increase. By adjusting the resistance of R1 and R2
(as shown in Fig5.), the cable loss compensation can be
programmed. The percentage of maximum compensation is given
by

ΔV (cable) Icable _ max× ( R1/ / R 2)
≈ ×100%
Vout VFB _ REF

For example, R1=3KΩ , R2=18KΩ , The percentage of maximum Fig.5

compensation is given by:

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 KTG3546
Multi-Mode Primary Side Regulation (PSR) CV/CC Controller

ΔV (cable) 63μ A × (3K / /18K )

≈ ×100% = 8.1%
Vout VFB _ REF

Optimized Dynamic Response for PSR

In KTG3546, the dynamic response performance is optimized
to meet USB charge requirements. -

Audio Noise Free Operation for PSR

As mentioned above, the multi-mode CV control with a hybrid of FM and AM provides frequency modulation.
An internal current source flowing to CS pin realizes CS peak voltage modulation. In KTG3546, the optimized
combination of frequency modulation and CS peak voltage modulation algorithm can provide audio noise free
operation from full loading to zero loading.

Short Load Protection (SLP)

In KTG3546, the output is sampled on FB pin and then compared with a threshold of UVP (0.7V typically) after an
internal blanking time (10ms typical).In KTG3546, when sensed FB voltage is below 0.7V, the IC will enter into
Short Load Protection (SLP)mode, in which the IC will enter into auto recovery protection mode.

VDD Over Voltage Protection (OVP) and Zener Clamp

When VDD voltage is higher than 30V (typical), the IC will stop switching. This will cause VDD fall down to be
lower than VDD_OFF (typical 9V) and then the system will restart up again. An internal 34.5V (typical) zener
clamp is integrated to prevent the IC from damage.

On Chip Thermal Shutdown (OTP)

When the IC temperature is over 165 ℃, the IC shuts down. Only when the IC temperature drops to 135 ℃, IC
will restart.

Pin Floating Protection

In KTG3546, if pin floating situation occurs, the IC is designed to have no damage to system.

Soft Totem-Pole Gate Driver

KTG3546 have soft totem-pole gate driver with optimized EMI performance. An internal 16V clamp is added for
power MOSFET gate protection when high VDD input.

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 KTG3546
Multi-Mode Primary Side Regulation (PSR) CV/CC Controller

Typical Application

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 KTG3546
Multi-Mode Primary Side Regulation (PSR) CV/CC Controller

Characteristics Curve

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 KTG3546
Multi-Mode Primary Side Regulation (PSR) CV/CC Controller

OUTLINE DRAWING

SOP7 Unit:mm

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