This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: C881/C881M − 15

Standard Specification for

Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding Systems for Concrete1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C881/C881M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* C884/C884M Test Method for Thermal Compatibility Be-

1.1 This specification covers two-component, epoxy-resin tween Concrete and an Epoxy-Resin Overlay
bonding systems for application to portland-cement concrete, D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
which are able to cure under humid conditions and bond to D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
damp surfaces. D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics
Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position (With-
1.2 This specification does not cover epoxy-resin-base drawn 2016)3
bonding systems that have been modified by addition of D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
components such as cement, fine aggregate, or fiber reinforce- Plastics
ment. Additional testing may be required to meet applicable D2556 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives
specifications for these applications. Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties Using Ro-
1.3 This specification does not address the effects of creep tational Viscometry
on epoxy-resin-base bonding systems while under load or the D2566 Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of Cured Thermo-
potential for creep rupture. Additional testing is required for setting Casting Resins During Cure (Withdrawn 1993)3
applications where creep and creep rupture are critical.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch- 3. Terminology
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; 3.1.1 binder, n—the cementitious part of a grout, mortar, or
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. concrete that binds the aggregate or filler into a cohesive mass.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non- 3.1.2 bonding system, n—the product resulting from the
conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units combination of all the components supplied for use as a
because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice. bonding material.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.3 component, n—a constituent that is intended to be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the combined with one or more other constituents to form a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- bonding system.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 contact strength, n—bond strength measured by slant
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards
shear after a specified contact and cure time.
statements, see Section 9.
3.1.5 contact time, n—specified time between when the
2. Referenced Documents epoxy system is applied and when the two segments are
bonded together and still achieve a specified bond strength
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 after a specified curing time and temperature.
C882 Test Method for Bond Strength of Epoxy-Resin Sys-
tems Used With Concrete By Slant Shear 3.1.6 curing agent, n—a substance that causes the conver-
sion of a fluid resin system to a solid cured resin by means of
a chemical reaction.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
3.1.7 epoxy equivalent, n—the weight of resin containing
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee one molecular weight of epoxy groups.
C09.25 on Organic Materials for Bonding.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2015. Published February 2016. Originally
3.1.8 epoxy resin, n—a resin that contains or did contain
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C881/C881M–14. epoxy groups principally responsible for its polymerization.
DOI: 10.1520/C0881_C0881M-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 C881/C881M − 15
3.1.9 filler, n—a finely divided solid, predominantly passing 4.4 Classes—Classes A, B, and C are defined for Types I
the 75-µm [No. 200] sieve, that is used to improve certain through V, and Classes D, E, and F are defined for Types VI
properties of the bonding system or to reduce cost. and VII, in accordance with the range of temperatures for
3.1.10 formulator, n—the agency responsible for preparing which they are suitable (Note 2).
the separate components and for recommending the propor- 4.4.1 Class A—For use below 4°C [40°F] the lowest allow-
tions to be used in preparing the final bonding system. able temperature to be defined by the manufacturer of the
product.
3.1.11 lot or batch, n—that quantity of manufactured mate- 4.4.2 Class B—For use between 4 and 15°C [40 and 60°F].
rial which has been subjected to the same unit chemical or
4.4.3 Class C—For use above 15°C [60°F] the highest
physical processes intended to make the final product substan-
allowable temperature to be defined by the manufacturer of the
tially uniform.
product.
3.1.12 manufacturer, n—a producer of a basic constituent 4.4.4 Class D—For use between 4 and 18°C [40 and 65°F]
part of a component. for Type VI and VII applications.
3.1.13 reactive diluent, n—a relatively free flowing liquid 4.4.5 Class E—For use between 15 and 30°C [60 and 80°F]
used to reduce the viscosity of the liquid resin or resin mixture, for Type VI and VII applications.
and which contains reactive groups that cause it to become an 4.4.6 Class F—For use above 25°C [75°F] for Type VI and
integral part of the cured resin. VII applications, the highest allowable temperature to be
defined by the manufacturer of the product.
3.1.14 working (pot) life, n—the time after mixing during
which a bonding system or mixture containing it retains NOTE 2—The temperature in question is usually that of the surface of
sufficient workability for proper use. the hardened concrete to which the bonding system is to be applied. This
temperature may be considerably different from that of the air. Where
unusual curing rates are desired it is possible to use a class of bonding
4. Classification agent at a temperature other than that for which it is normally intended.
4.1 This specification provides for the classification of For example, a Class A system will cure rapidly at room temperature.
epoxy-resin bonding systems by type, grade, class, and color. 4.5 Color—Epoxy resin systems are normally unpigmented,
but they can be colored or darkened. If a specific color is
4.2 Types—Seven types of systems that are distinguished by
desired, it should be so stated by the purchaser.
the requirements of Table 1 are recognized:
4.2.1 Type I—For use in non-load bearing application for
5. Ordering Information
bonding hardened concrete to hardened concrete and other
materials, and as a binder in epoxy mortars or epoxy concretes. 5.1 The purchaser shall specify the type, grade, class, and
4.2.2 Type II—For use in non-load bearing applications for color of bonding system desired and the size of units in which
bonding freshly mixed concrete to hardened concrete. the components shall be furnished. Special requirements re-
4.2.3 Type III—For use in bonding skid-resistant materials garding filling of either the components or the final bonding
to hardened concrete and as a binder in epoxy mortars or epoxy system should be stated. The product furnished under this
concretes used on traffic bearing surfaces (or surfaces subject specification is intended to be resistant to moisture and
to thermal or mechanical movements). therefore should be suitable for either indoor or outdoor
4.2.4 Type IV—For use in load bearing applications for exposure.
bonding hardened concrete to hardened concrete and other 5.2 The purchaser may specify a minimum gel time of 5 min
materials and as a binder for epoxy mortars and concretes. for Types I and IV when automatic proportioning, mixing, and
4.2.5 Type V—For use in load bearing applications for dispensing equipment are used.
bonding freshly mixed concrete to hardened concrete.
4.2.6 Type VI—For bonding and sealing segmental precast 6. Materials and Manufacture
elements, as in segment-by-segment erection, and for span-by- 6.1 The systems covered by this specification shall be
span erection when temporary post tensioning is applied. furnished in two components for combining immediately prior
4.2.7 Type VII—For use as a nonstress carrying sealer for to use in accordance with written instructions of the formulator.
segmental precast elements when temporary post tensioning is Component A shall contain an epoxy resin with or without a
not applied as in span-by-span erection. reactive diluent. Component B shall contain one or more
NOTE 1— Epoxy resin systems will adhere to a wide variety of curing agents, which on mixing with Component A shall cause
materials, including wood, metals, masonry, and most plastics. the mixture to harden. A suitable inert filler may be uniformly
Polyethylene, TFE-fluorocarbon, cellophane, and greased or waxed sur- incorporated in one or both components. The filler shall be
faces are among the few materials to which these systems will not adhere. either nonsettling or readily dispersible in any component in
4.3 Grades—Three grades of systems are defined according which it is incorporated. All systems shall cure under humid
to their flow characteristics and are distinguished by the conditions, and bond to damp surfaces.
viscosity and consistency requirements of Table 1.
4.3.1 Grade 1—Low viscosity. 7. Chemical Composition
4.3.2 Grade 2—Medium viscosity. 7.1 The epoxy resin constituent of Component A shall have
4.3.3 Grade 3—Non-sagging consistency. an epoxy equivalent of 155 to 275.

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 C881/C881M − 15
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements of Bonding Systems
Type
Property
I II III IV V VI VII
Viscosity, Pa·s [P]:
Grade 1, max 2.0 [20] 2.0 [20] 2.0 [20] 2.0 [20] 2.0 [20] ... ...
Grade 2, min 2.0 [20] 2.0 [20] 2.0 [20] 2.0 [20] 2.0 [20] ... ...
Grade 2, max 10 [100] 10 [100] 10 [100] 10 [100] 10 [100] ... ...

Consistency, mm [in.]:
Grade 3, max 6.0 [1⁄4 ] 6.0 [1⁄4 ] 6.0 [1⁄4 ] 6.0 [1⁄4 ] 6.0 [1⁄4 ] 6.0 [1⁄4 ] 6.0 [1⁄4 ]

Gel Time, minutes, min 30A 30 30 30A 30 30 30

Bond Strength,
min, MPa [psi]:
Hardened Concrete to
Hardened Concrete:
2 days (moist cure) 7.0 [1000] ... ... 7.0 [1000] ... 7.0 [1000] ...
14 days (moist cure) 10.0 [1500] ... 10.0 [1500] 10.0 [1500] ... ... 7.0 [1000]
Freshly Mixed Concrete to
Hardened Concrete:
14 days ... 10.0 [1500] ... ... 10.0 [1500] ... ...

Absorption, 24 h, max, % 1 1 1 1 1 ... ...

Heat Deflection Temperature,

min, °C [°F]:
7 days ... ... ... 50 [120] 50 [120] ... ...
14 days ... ... ... ... ... 50 [120] 50 [120]

Thermal Compatibility ... ... passes test ... ... ... ...

Linear coefficient of
shrinkage on cure, max 0.005 0.005 ... 0.005 0.005 ... ...

Compressive Yield Strength,

min, MPa [psi]:
24 h ... ... . . . ... ... 14.0 [2000] ...
36 h ... ... . . . ... ... ... 7.0 [1000]
48 h ... ... . . . ... ... 40.0 [6000] ...
72 h ... ... . . . ... ... ... 14.0 [2000]
7 days 55.0 [8000] 35.0 [5000] . . . 70.0 [10 000] 55.0 [8000] ... ...

Compressive Modulus,
MPa [psi]:
min 1000 [150 000] 600 [90 000] ... 1400 [200 000] 1000 [150 000] ... ...
max ... ... 896 [130 000] ... ... ... ...

Tensile Strength, 7 days min,

MPa [psi]B 35.0 [5000] 14.0 [2000] ... 50.0 [7000] 40.0 [6000] ... ...

Elongation at Break,
%, minB 1 1 30 1 1 ... ...

Contact Strength,
MPa [psi], min
2 days ... ... ... ... ... 7.0 [1000] ...
14 days ... ... ... ... ... ... 7.0 [1000]
A
Minimum gel time of 5 min when automated proportioning, mixing, and dispensing equipment are used.
B
Not required for Viscosity Grade 3 Systems.

8. Physical Properties skin, it shall be removed immediately with a dry cloth or paper
8.1 A mixture of Components A and B in the proportions towel, and the area of contact washed thoroughly with soap and
recommended by the formulator shall conform to the properties water. Solvents shall not be used, because they carry the irritant
prescribed in Table 1. into the skin. Cured epoxy resins are innocuous.

9. Safety Hazards 10. Sampling

9.1 Caution: Epoxy resins contain irritants, especially to 10.1 Take a representative sample of each of the two
the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Persons handling these components from a well-blended lot prior to packaging or by
materials shall use appropriate protective clothing, including withdrawing samples from no fewer than 5% of the containers
rubber or plastic gloves. If an epoxy resin should contact the comprising the lot or shipment. Unless the samples of the same

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 C881/C881M − 15
component taken from containers show visual evidence of 11.2.3 Significance and Use—This test method is used to
variability, they may be combined into a single composite determine compliance with the requirements of the specifica-
sample. In place of the foregoing, packaged materials may be tion.
sampled by a random selection of containers of each compo- 11.2.4 Apparatus:
nent from each lot, provided such a procedure is acceptable to 11.2.4.1 Paper Cup—Approximately 250 cm3 [8 oz] un-
the purchaser. waxed paper cup.
11.2.4.2 Mixing Blade—Ordinary wooden tongue depressor
11. Test Methods or stick of similar size.
11.1 Consistency—Test Method to Determine The Consis- 11.2.5 Conditioning—Condition the individual components
tency of an Epoxy Resin System. and any equipment with which they will come in contact to the
11.1.1 Scope—This test provides a method for determining temperatures set forth in 11.1, depending on the class of system
the consistency of Grade 3 epoxy resin systems. in question, or to the temperature at which the material will be
11.1.2 Significance and Use—This test method is used to used, providing that temperature is within the ranges estab-
determine compliance with the requirements of the specifica- lished in 4.4 for Types I, II, III, and V. For Type VI and VII use
tion. the highest temperature of the specified class (Note 2). Prepare
11.1.3 Apparatus: 60 g of the bonding system for Types I through V and 4.0 L [1
11.1.3.1 Paper Cup—Approximately 0.100L [approxi- gal] for Types VI and VII using the procedures set forth in 11.1.
mately 3 oz.] unwaxed paper cup. 11.2.6 Procedure—Transfer as much as possible of the
11.1.3.2 Mixing Blade—Ordinary wooden tongue depressor sample into an approximately 250-cm3 [8-oz] unwaxed paper
or stick of similar size. cup and set it on a wooden surface in a location maintained at
11.1.3.3 Glass Panel. the original conditioning temperature and not subject to abnor-
11.1.4 Conditioning—Condition the individual components mal room air movement. Determine the time at which a soft,
and any equipment with which they will come in contact to the gelatinous mass forms in the center of the sample by probing
following temperatures: Class A, 0 6 1°C [32 6 2°F]; Class B, every 2 min with a wooden tongue depressor or similar device,
10 6 1°C [50 6 2°F]; Class C, 23 6 1°C [73 6 2°F], Class D, starting 8 min after the beginning of mixing.
18 6 1°C [65 6 2°F]; Class E, 27 6 1°C [80 6 2°F]; Class F, 11.2.7 Report—The gel time is the interval between the
32 6 1°C [90 6 2°F] or to the temperature at which the beginning of mixing and the formation of the gelatinous mass.
material will be used (Note 2).
11.2.8 Precision and Bias:
11.1.5 Procedure—Prepare approximately 30 cm3 of the
bonding system. Weigh the necessary amounts of the compo- 11.2.8.1 Precision—The precision of the procedure in this
nents to an accuracy of 1% into a single, approximately test method for gel time is being determined.
100-cm3 [3-oz], unwaxed paper cup. Mix immediately with a 11.2.8.2 Bias—This test method has no bias since the values
wooden tongue depressor or stick of similar size. Note the time determined can only be defined in terms of this test method.
at which mixing begins. Mix for 3 min, taking care to scrape 11.3 Viscosity—Determine the viscosity of the freshly
the side and bottom of the cup periodically. Immediately apply mixed resin system by means of Test Method D2556, except
about 2 cm3 of the mixture to a glass panel. Form a semicy- that the determination shall be made at the temperature given
lindrical bead of the bonding system by drawing the applicator in 11.1 for the class of material in question and measurement
blade through the sample in a straight line with the panel at only one rotational speed is required.
horizontal. Immediately raise the panel to a position inclined at
no greater than 10° from vertical and with the bead horizontal. 11.4 Absorption—Determine the absorption by means of
Maintain the panel and sample at their original temperature Test Method D570. The test specimens shall have the shape
until the bonding system has cured, as determined by an and dimensions specified for molded plastics, shall be cured for
inability to indent it appreciably with a pencil point or 14 days at a temperature of 23 6 1°C [73 6 2°F], shall be
fingernail. Determine the consistency by measuring the flow of tested in accordance with the procedure for 24-h immersion
the lower edge of the bead from its original position at three and shall be reconditioned, if necessary, as directed in Test
points along its length. Method D570.
11.1.6 Report—Report the average value to the nearest 1 11.5 Bond Strength—Determine the bond strength in accor-
mm in. [1⁄8 ]. dance with Test Method C882.
11.1.7 Precision and Bias: 11.5.1 Bonding Hardened Concrete to Hardened Concrete:
11.1.7.1 Precision—The precision of the procedure in this Types I, III, IV, VI, and VII Systems—Condition the mortar
test method for consistency is being determined. sections soaking in water and all equipment that will contact
11.1.7.2 Bias—This test method has no bias since the values the resin to the lowest application temperature of the specified
determined can only be defined in terms of this test method. class. For Class A, use a temperature of 2 6 1°C [35 6 2°F]
11.2 Gel Time: for the water soaking to prevent freezing. Condition and mix
11.2.1 Test Method to Determine the Gel Time of an Epoxy the resin components at 23 6 1°C [73 6 2°F]. Apply the mixed
Resin System. epoxy to the mortar sections in accordance with Test Method
11.2.2 Scope—This test method determines the time after C882. Cure the specimens at the lowest application tempera-
mixing when an epoxy resin system gels. ture of the specified class. No more than 10 min shall elapse

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 C881/C881M − 15
between the start of mixing and the placement of the specimens assemble the two half cylinders after 1 h for Type VI and 8 h
in the curing chamber. for Type VII. Cure at the assembly temperature for the
11.5.2 Bonding Freshly Mixed Concrete to Hardened Con- specified cure time shown in Table 1 and test at 23 6 1°C [73
crete: Type II and Type V Systems—Because Type II and Type 6 2°F] without delay (See Note 4). Contact strength is
V resins are appropriate for use only at temperatures that expressed in units of strength (MPa or pounds per square inch)
permit strength gain of the freshly prepared concrete, only the obtained after the specified time of cure shown in Table 1.
conditioning temperature for a Class C resin, 23 6 1°C [73 6 NOTE 4—The curing temperatures of these tests is not 23 6 1°C [73 6
2°F], need be provided. 2°F], but the test shall be run at 23 6 1°C [73 6 2°F] to allow laboratories
11.6 Thermal Compatibility—Determine the thermal com- without testing chambers to run the tests. The testing shall be run without
delay after the specimens are removed from the curing chamber.
patibility in accordance with Test Method C884/C884M.
11.7 Heat Deflection Temperature—Determine the heat de- 12. Rejection and Rehearing
flection temperature in accordance with Test Method D648, 12.1 The purchaser has the right to reject material that fails
except condition, mix, cure, and start testing the resin compo- to conform to the requirements of this specification. Rejection
nents at 23 6 1°C [73 6 2°F]. shall be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and in
11.8 Linear Coeffıcient of Shrinkage— Determine the linear writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the
coefficient of shrinkage in accordance with Test Method producer or supplier has the right to a rehearing.
D2566, except condition, mix, cure, and test the resin compo- 12.2 If all requirements of this specification are met, except
nents at 23 6 1°C [73 6 2°F]. those pertaining to bond strength, the bond tests shall be
repeated. If the sample again fails to meet the bond strength
11.9 Compressive Yield Strength and Modulus—Determine
requirements, the entire lot shall be rejected.
the compressive yield strength and modulus in accordance with
Test Method D695. Condition and mix the resin components at 12.3 Retest—Lots of material that have been rejected may
23 6 1°C [73 6 2°F] and cure the specimens at the lowest be reworked by the producer to correct the defects and
application temperature of the specified class. No more than 10 resubmitted for test provided specific approval of the purchaser
min shall elapse between the start of mixing and the placement has been obtained for such resubmission. Before resubmission
of the specimens in the curing chamber. After the specified cure of the material, full particulars concerning the action taken to
time shown in Table 1, test at 23 6 1°C [73 6 2°F] without correct the defects in the original material shall be made
delay (See Note 4). Use of a 25 × 25 × 50-mm [1 × 1 × 2-in.] available to the purchaser.
specimen is also acceptable. 13. Packaging and Package Marking
11.10 Tensile Strength and Elongation at Break—Determine 13.1 Packaging—The two components furnished under this
the tensile strength and elongation at break in accordance with specification shall be supplied in separate containers that are
Test Method D638. Condition and mix the resin components at nonreactive with the contents. They are usually supplied in
23 6 1°C [73 6 2°F] and cure the specimens at the lowest amounts such that the recommended proportions of the final
application temperature of the specified class. No more than 10 mixture can be obtained by combining one container of
min shall elapse between the start of mixing and the placement Component A with one container of Component B.
of the specimens in the curing chamber. After the specified cure
time shown in Table 1, test at 23 6 1°C [73 6 2°F] without 13.2 Marking—Containers shall be identified as “Compo-
delay (See Note 4). nent A—Contains Epoxy Resin’’ and “Component
B—Contains Curing Agent’’ and shall show the type, grade,
NOTE 3—Test Method D638 Type I test specimen is recommended for class, and color. Each container shall be marked with the name
testing of all epoxy-resin-base systems included in this specification.
of the formulator, the lot number, the date of packaging, the
11.11 Contact Strength—Determine the contact strength in quantity contained therein, and the recommended mixing ratio,
accordance with Test Method C882 except condition the by both weight and volume.
material and the specimens at the highest application tempera-
ture of the specified class and apply the bonding system at a 14. Keywords
thickness of 2 mm in. [1⁄16 ] on the slanted surface of each half 14.1 bonding; bonding systems; consistency; contact
cylinder. Maintain at the highest application temperature and strength; contact time; epoxy resin; gel time

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 C881/C881M − 15
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C881/C881M–14, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved Dec. 15, 2015)

(1) Added Note 3. (2) Revised Sections 11 and 14, and Table 1.

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