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    Gas Exchange and Smoking XI312 RAMA

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    Muhammad Naufal
    Cigarette smoking can cause several diseases of the respiratory system. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) makes it difficult to get sufficient oxygen due to damage from cigarette smoke components like tar. Chronic bronchitis occurs when smoke causes excess mucus production that partially blocks alveoli, impairing gas exchange. Emphysema results from lung inflammation that damages elastic fibers and causes alveoli to burst into larger air spaces. Lung cancer risk increases because smoke contains carcinogens that can damage DNA and cause uncontrolled cell division. Smoking is also linked to atherosclerosis, heart disease, and other conditions.

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    Gas Exchange and Smoking XI312 RAMA

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Naufal
    19 views1 page
    Cigarette smoking can cause several diseases of the respiratory system. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) makes it difficult to get sufficient oxygen due to damage from cigarette smoke components like tar. Chronic bronchitis occurs when smoke causes excess mucus production that partially blocks alveoli, impairing gas exchange. Emphysema results from lung inflammation that damages elastic fibers and causes alveoli to burst into larger air spaces. Lung cancer risk increases because smoke contains carcinogens that can damage DNA and cause uncontrolled cell division. Smoking is also linked to atherosclerosis, heart disease, and other conditions.

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    Cigarette smoking can cause several diseases of the respiratory system. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) makes it difficult to get sufficient oxygen due to damage from cigarette smoke components like tar. Chronic bronchitis occurs when smoke causes excess mucus production that partially blocks alveoli, impairing gas exchange. Emphysema results from lung inflammation that damages elastic fibers and causes alveoli to burst into larger air spaces. Lung cancer risk increases because smoke contains carcinogens that can damage DNA and cause uncontrolled cell division. Smoking is also linked to atherosclerosis, heart disease, and other conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views1 page

    Gas Exchange and Smoking XI312 RAMA

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Naufal
    Cigarette smoking can cause several diseases of the respiratory system. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) makes it difficult to get sufficient oxygen due to damage from cigarette smoke components like tar. Chronic bronchitis occurs when smoke causes excess mucus production that partially blocks alveoli, impairing gas exchange. Emphysema results from lung inflammation that damages elastic fibers and causes alveoli to burst into larger air spaces. Lung cancer risk increases because smoke contains carcinogens that can damage DNA and cause uncontrolled cell division. Smoking is also linked to atherosclerosis, heart disease, and other conditions.

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    XI312 Maheswara Mahirataqi GAS EXCHANGE & SMOKING

    Movement of gases into & out of an


    Structure of the human Diseases
    gas exchange system
    Definition organisms body across a gas exchange
    surface

    • breathing movements, which draw air • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) This
    from outside the body into the lungs, is a condition in which a person has chronic bronchitis
    and then push it out again, this maintains and emphysema. it is difficult to get sufficient oxygen
    a relatively high concentration of oxygen into the blood to support activity.
    Gas Exchange at the and low concentration of carbon dioxide
    alveolar surface in the alveoli • Chronic bronchitis Various components of cigarette
    smoke including tar cause goblet cells to increase
    • blood flow past the alveolus, which mucus production and cilia to bear less strongly. This
    brings deoxygenated blood and carries causes mucus to build up. which may partially block
    away oxygenated blood alveoli This makes gas exchange more difficult, as the
    diffusion distance between the air in the alveoli and the
    blood in the capillaries is greater. The mucus may
    become infected with bacteria, causing bronchitis
    Smokers often have chronic (long-lasting) bronchitis.

    • Emphysema the Smoking causes inflammation in the


    lungs. This involves the presence of increased numbers
    of white blood cells, some of which secrete chemicals
    that damage elastic fibres. This makes the alveoli less
    elastic They may burst, resulting in larger air spaces.

    • Lung cancer Various components of tar can cause


    changes in the DNA in body cells, including the genes
    • Cartilage in the walls of the trachea and bronchi that control cell division, which can cause cancer. These
    provides support and prevents the tubes collapsing substances are therefore carcinogens. Cancers caused
    when the air pressure inside them is low. by cigarette smoke are most likely to form in the lungs
    but may form anywhere in the gas exchange system,
    • Ciliated epithelium is found lining the trachea, bronchi and also in other parts of the body.
    and some bronchioles. It is a single layer of cells whose
    outer surfaces are covered with many thin extensions • Atherosclerosis is a thickening and loss of elasticity in
    (cilia), which are able to move. They sweep mucus the walls of arteries. It is caused by build-up of plaques
    • TAR a mixture of substances including
    upwards towards the mouth, helping to prevent dust in the blood vessel wall. The plaques contain
    various chemicals that act as
    particles and bacteria reaching the lungs. cholesterol and fibres.
    carcinogens.
    • Goblet cells are also found in the ciliated epithelium. • Etc.
    • Nicotine an addictive substance that
    They secrete mucus, which traps dust particles and
    affects the nervous system by binding
    bacteria. Cigerate contains
    receptors on neurones (nerve cells) in
    the brain and other parts of the body.
    • Smooth muscle cells are found in the walls of the
    trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. This type of muscle
    • Carbon Monoxide can reduce the
    can contract slowly but for long periods without tiring.
    amount of haemoglobin available to
    When it contracts, it reduces the diameter of the tubes.
    combine with oxygen.
    During exercise it relaxes, widening the tubes so more
    air can reach the lungs.

    • Elastic fibres are found in the walls of all tubes and


    between the alveoli. When breathing in, these fibres
    stretch to allow the alveoli and airways to expand When
    breathing out, they recoil, helping to reduce the volume
    of alveoli and expel air out of the lungs

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