IM02GR

IM02GR.
The Technology Company
Telecom and Signal Relays

Important Notice
With the information given in this document the
components are specified and do not guarantee
characteristics.
For the stated circuits, descriptions and tables no

responsibility is accepted concerning the exemption of the
rights of third parties.
All data contained in this catalogue has been carefully

checked and is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, Tyco Electronics AXICOM or its subsidiaries or
affiliates assume no responsibility for eventual
inaccuracies.
10
Content / Index
Selection Guide 6
AXICOM - Innovations for Telecommunications and Signal Relays
I. Introduction 9
II. Relay Classification 10
III. Functional Parameters 11
IV. RF Characteristics 12
V. Relay Driving 13
VI. Contact Performance 13
VII. Dielectric 20
VIII. Environmental Conditions 23
IX. Processing 24
X. Standardization 27
XI. Reliability 29
XII. Quality System 31
XIII. Glossary 34
Axicom Relays
IM 42
P2 V23079 49
FX2 57
FT2 / FU2 63
FP2 70
MT2 76
D2n V23105 82
MT4 88
P1 V23026 94
W11 V23101 102
Reed V23100-V4 108
Cradle N V23154 / V23162 114
Cradle W V23005 126
Cradle S V23054 132
Cradle P V23003 140
Cradle Accessories 147
5
Types IM P2 FX2 FT2 / FU2 FP2
Dimensions [mm] 10 x 6 x 5,65 14,5 x 7,2 x 10,4 (9,9) 15 x 7,3 x 10,7 15 x 7,5 x 9,6 (10,0) 14 x 9 x 5
Features 4th generation 3rd generation 3rd generation 3rd generation 3rd generation
Telecom Relay Telecom Relay, Telecom Relay, Telecom Relay, Telecom Relay,
Slim line / low profile Slim line, Slim line, Slim line, Low profile,
Switching Standard and Standard and Standard and
current 5A sensitive coil sensitive coil sensitive coil
Characteristic Polarized Polarized Polarized Non-Polarized Polarized
Contact arrangement
DPDT / 2 Form C, DPDT / 2 Form C, DPDT / 2 Form C, DPDT / 2 Form C, DPDT / 2 Form C,
bifurcated contacts bifurcated contacts bifurcated contacts bifurcated contacts bifurcated contacts
Coil voltages [V] 1,5 - 24 3-24 3-48 3-48 3-48

Standard: 140 - 300 Standard: 300 140 ( 24V = 200, 48V=300)
Coil power [mW] non latching 140 - 200 140 Sensitive: 80 - 260 Sensitive: 200 - 240 80 ( 24V = 140, 48V =260)
latching, 1 coil 100 - 200 70 100 - 150 - 100 ( 24V = 150)
latching, 2 coils - 140 - - 200
Ambient temperature [°C] -40 ... +85 -40 ... +85 -55 ... +85 -55 ... +85 -55 ... +85
Switching voltage [V] DC 220 220 220 125 125

AC 250 250 250 250 250
Switching current [A] 2 5 2 1.25 2
Switching power [W / VA]

60 / 62.5 60 / 62.5 60 / 62,5 30 / 62.5 30 / 62.5
Contact resistance,
W]
Initial [mW] < 50 < 50 < 70 < 70 < 50
Thermoelectric
potential [µ
[µV] < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10
Breakdown voltage Coil-contact 1800 1500 1800 1500 1000

[Vrms] Opened contacts 1000 1000 1800 1500 1000
Adjacent contacts 1000 1000 1800 1500 750
Breakdown voltage Coil-contact 2500 (2/10 µs) 2500 (2/10 µs) 3500 (2/10 µs) 2500 (2/10 µs) 1500 (10/160 µs)
pulse [kV] Opened contacts 1500 (2/10 µs) 2500 (2/10 µs) 2500 (2/10 µs) 1500 (2/10 µs) 1500 (10/160 µs)
Adjacent contacts 1500 (2/10 µs) 2000 (2/10 µs) 2000 (2/10 µs) 1500 (2/10 µs) 1500 (10/160 µs)
RF characteristics Isolation [dB] -18.8 -20.7 -15.1 -13.7 -22.3

at 900 MHz Insertion loss [dB] -0.33 -0.27 -0.6 -0.5 -0.25
V.S.W.R. 1.49 1.4 1.45 1.27 1.07
Capacitance between
opened contacts [pF] max. 1 max. 1 max. 2 max. 1 max. 1
Sealing IP 67 IP 67 IP 67 IP 67 IP 67
RT V RT III RT V RT III RT III
Mounting hole layout
Termination THT, SMT THT, SMT THT THT, SMT THT
Certifications UL, CSA, CECC, UL, CSA, IEC 60950 UL, CSA, CECC, UL, CSA, CECC, UL, CSA, CECC
IEC60950, UL 1950 IEC 60950, UL 1950 IEC 60950, UL 1950
Options High Dielectric Temperature range up High mechanical High dielectric High mechanical
Version: to 105°C,1500 Vrms shock version: version: shock version:
5000 Volt pulse
2500 V pulse between opened 300 g between coil and 300 g
between opened contacts contacts
contacts 2500 Volt pulse
Lead-free Version between all contacts
Page 42 49 57 63 70
6
MT2 D2n MT4 P1 W11 Reed DIP Reed SIL Cradle
20,2 x 10 x 11 20 x 10 x 11,5 20 x 14,8 x 11 13 x 7,6 x 6,9 15,6 x 10,6 x 11,5 19,3 x 7 x 5,7 ...7,5 19,8 x 5,1 x 7,8 24 ... 35 x 19 x 30
2nd generation 2nd generation 2nd generation Very high sensitive Direct driving with Direct driving with Very high reliability
Telecom Relay, Telecom Relay, Telecom Relay, relay, TTL signals TTL signals Great variety of coils
5 coil sensitivities 4 coil sensitivities 4 contact sets Low profile Multi purpose relay Ultrasonic cleanable Ultrasonic cleanable and contact sets
High vibration & shock switching current High switching High switching Accessories for
resistance up to 3 A speed speed socket mounting
Non-Polarized Non-Polarized Non-Polarized Polarized Non-Polarized Non-Polarized Non-Polarized Non-Polarized/Polarized
SPST-no / 1 Form A,
DPST-no / 2 Form A,
DPDT / 2 Form C, DPDT / 2 Form C, 4PDT / 4 Form C, SPDT / 1 Form C, SPDT / 1 Form C, SPDT / 1 Form C, SPST-no / 1 Form A,
bifurcated contacts single contacts bifurcated contacts bifurcated contacts single contacts Reed contacts Reed contacts various
4,5 - 48 3-48 4,5 - 48 3 - 24 1,5 - 24 5-24 5-24 5 ... 220 DC/6 ... 230 AC
650 ... 2000
150 - 550 150 - 700 300 65 - 130 200 - 450 50-300 50-300 Cradle W: 3,5 ... 4, VA
- - - 30 - 130 - - - 1450 ... 1650
- - - 70 - 200 - - - 1450 ... 1650
-55 ... +85 -25 ... +60 to 85 -55 ... +85 -40 ... +70 -40 ... +70 to 85 -20 ... +70 -20 ... +70 -40 ... +70
220 220 220 125 60 175 ... 200 180 ... 200 36 ... 250
250 250 250 150 125 175 ... 200 180 ... 200 30 ... 250
2 3 1.25 1 1-3 0,25 ...0,5 0.5 0,2 ... 5
AgNi: 72 / 360
30 / 62.5 60 / 125 30 / 62.5 30 / 60 AgPd (Au): 30 / 60 3 ... 10 10 5 ... 140 (5 ... 500)
< 70 < 100 < 70 < 50 < 100 < 150 < 150 on request
< 10 < 10 < 10 < 100 < 10 < 0,01 < 0,01 on request
1000 1000 1800 1500 1000 1000 1000 500 ... 2000
750 750 750 500 750 140 ... 175 150 ... 175 500 ... 1000
750 750 750 - - - - on request
1500 (10/160 µs) 1500 (10/160 µs) 2500 (2/10 µs) 2500 (2/10 µs) - - - -
1500 (10/160 µs) 1500 (10/160 µs) 1500 (10/160 µs) - - - - -
1500 (10/160 µs) 1500 (10/160 µs) 1500 (10/160 µs) - - - - -
-14.2 -20.7 -17.2 -18 - - - -

-0.97 -0.27 -0.91 -1.9 - - - -
1.31 1.4 1.31 1.75 - - - -
max. 2 max. 1 max. 2 max. 5 max. 2 max. 1 max. 2 on request
IP 67 IP 67 IP 67 IP 67 IP 67 IP 67 IP 67 IP 30 or hermetically
RT III RT III RT III RT III RT III RT III RT III sealed, RT I or RT V
see data
sheet
THT THT THT THT, SMT THT THT THT THT or plug in
UL, CSA, CECC UL, CSA, BT47 UL, CSA, CECC UL, CSA
Temperature range up Clamping Diode, Clamping Diode

to 85°C,1500 V Electrostatic shield
(10/160 µs) or
2000 V (2/10 µs)
across opened
contacts
76 82 88 94 102 108 111 114
7
AXICOM – Innovations for
Telecommunication and Signal Relays
· decreasing volume and required board space on the PCB
I. Introduction · increasing the dielectric, voltage and current surge
performance
A. Decades of experience · improving the processability
· increasing the quality level and reliability
Tyco Electronics acquired AXICOM in October 2000 and · reduced cost
SIEMENS EC and its relay activities exactly one year earlier.
AXICOM is now the new brand within Tyco Electronics for Major innovations during our decades of experience have
the Telecom and Signal Relay business created out of these revolutionized electromechanically actuated Telecom
two acquisitions. This merger combines the knowledge Relays. In spite of a noticeable reduction in their physical
and experience achieved over decades. Both AXICOM, size, all their significant characteristics have been improved
which was formerly a part of Alcatel and ITT, and Siemens by every new generation.
EC have been in the relay business for more than 50 years.
And for about the same time, there have been discussions Integrated Development
around whether relays in general would be replaced by Today, Telecom Relays are complex electromechanical
“more modern” solutions, for example, semiconductors. systems consisting of a highly efficient electromagnetical
However, relay manufactures have always designed smart actuator and a contact set. In order to achieve a product
and cost effective relays which are still the first choice for that is:
most applications. · cost effective
· easy to manufacture
· high performance
B. Features of Telecom and Signal Relays · high quality and
· highly reliable,
The major advantages of Telecom Relays are the complete chain from design to manufacturing has to
· robust and reliable even in harsh environments be optimized. An integrated approach must be perfectly
· large switching range from µV and µA to A and 250 V established that includes all the steps of a product life cycle:
· low contact resistance in the closed condition (mW) · design of the product
and high insulation resistance in the open condition · design and manufacture of tools
(MW) · engineering of production equipment
· high insulation between coil and contacts · manufacturing and logistics
(up to 5000 V) · quality assurance
and between open contacts (up to 2500 V) · feedback between all activities
· good RF characteristics To live and to control this process is our strength and the
· easy to use base of our success.
· cost effective
Table 1 gives an overview: C . Technology
Telecom and Solid State
Signal Relays Transistor Relays Optocoupler Major innovations in the relay technology developed in the
Full mech. separation yes no only dr./load only dr./load last few years are:
Overload capability high low low low
Dielectrics high low high high · ENG (gas-tight plastic sealed relays filled with insulting
Contact resistance low medium high high inert gases)
On-resistance stability
(dep. on input / temp.) yes no no no
· Flat coil technology which enables the design of
Bidirectional loads yes no yes no significantly smaller relays
Bouncing yes no no no · Application of high performance low out-gassing plastics,
Leakage current no yes yes yes
Driving power high low medium medium magnetic wires and epoxy resins
Switching time high low high low · Introduction of high performance contact materials
No. of switching cycles medium high high high
Package no standard standard standard standard · Use of environmental friendly materials
Price medium low high medium
At the same time, a highly efficient manufacturing
Tab. 1 Characteristics of relays and competitive technology was established, enabling
technologies · overmolded coils and ENG technology
· performance and precision of punching and molding
Despite all the technical aspects, the Telecom and Signal processes
Relay business is driven by: · multiple part overmolding
9
· fully automatic production lines Telecom Relay Signal Relay

· extremely short manufacturing cycle times
· in-process measurement technology Contact mostly 2 c/o various
· quality assurance methods configuration
Contact resistance < 1 W, stable < 100 mW,
The optimal combination of an advanced relay technology (during total life time) very stable
and a highly automated manufacturing process makes
AXICOM into one of the leading companies in terms of Load range µV ... 250 V µV .... 10 V
quality and costs for electromechanical relays. µA ... 2 A µA .... mA
The quality level achieved and the AOQL (average outgoing < 60 W < 10 W
quality level) of less than 25 ppm and a reliability of Endurance / lifetime > 1 million ops. < 100 mill. ops.
AXICOM relays with MTBF (mean time between failures) of > 25 years > 10 years
more than 30,000 years is the clear evidence for the
outstanding technology as well as the brilliant skill and Safety requirements optional, no
experience of our people. IEC/EN 60950
UL 1950
Surge (e.g. according > 2500 V no
II. Relay Classification to Telcordia or FCC) < 500 A requirements
The classification of relays can be done on three levels: Tab. 2: Major differences between Telecom and Signal
· application fields Relays
· actuator design
· relay generations.
A. Application fields
According to their application fields, relays are divided into - High Frequency Relays are designed for applications
Automotive Relays, General Purpose or Power Relays, were signals of several hundred MHz up to several GHz
Telecom and Signal Relays and High Frequency Relays. The have to be switched.
most important difference between these application fields
is the contact loads.
B. Actuator design
· Automotive Relays usually work in 6 V, 12 V or 24 V and
in the future also in 42 V car networks. Switching Another distinction is made according to the design of the
currents can rise up to more than 150 A. relay actuator (Fig.1).
· General Purpose or Power Relays are mainly used for Electromechanical Relays
applications in 120 Vac or 230 Vac power networks and
for switching currents up to 30 A. For security reasons,
dielectric strength between coil and contact side as well Non-latching latching
as internal air and creepage distances are essential
design features. Independent from the load, it is
common for automotive and general purpose / power Non-polarized Polarized AC Non-polarized Polarized
relays to further distinguish between PCB and plug-in
relays. While PCB relays are soldered directly on a board,
plug-in relays are inserted into a socket. DC AC
Fig. 1 Relay classification according to actuator type

· Telecom and Signal Relays are used in a range from
dry circuit up to analog telecom signals. This means
voltages from µV to 250 Vrms and currents from µA to · Polarized / non-polarized relays
2 A have to be handled. Furthermore, in this relay class A polarized relay needs a driving current of defined
dielectric strength and clearance and creepage direction to switch. A non-polarized relay can be
distances have to be considered but on a lower level switched with currents in either direction. A polarized
compared to General Purpose or Power Relays. actuator usually includes a permanent magnet that
Sometimes Telecom and Signal Relays are just called enables it to realize more sensitive systems.
signal or PCB relays (Tab. 2)..
10
· Latching / non-latching relays (also called bistable /
monostable relays)
A non-latching relay always returns to a defined contact
position when power is removed from the actuator. A
non-latching relay can either be polarized or non-
polarized.
A latching relay always remains in its current contact
position when power is removed from the actuator.
A latching relay is always polarized.
· Relays with AC / DC actuator Most relays described
under application fields are relays with DC actuators.
However, some Signal and General Purpose Relays use
AC actuators that can be directly driven by a power Fig. 2 Relay timing
network. AC actuators are always non-polarized.
C Relay Generations
In the past, especially for Telecom Relays the definition of operate position. The release time is influenced by protective
relay generations was established from both, relay devices like diodes, capacitors and resistors in parallel to
manufacturers and customers for office switching the relay coil. These devices retard the de-energization of
equipment. Today, the most current is the 4th generation the coil, prolonging the release time.
of Telecom Relays (IM series). This is the smallest available Operate and release times vary with the voltage applied to
electromechanical relay type. the actuator. (See relay terms.)
The 3rd generation relay (P2, FX2, FP2, FT2, FU2 series), Contact bouncing is originated by the dynamic energy of
designed in the early to middle nineties is currently the high the movable contact when it hits the fixed contact and
runner, whereas the 4th generation is expected to take over varies with the voltage applied to the actuator as well. The
this position in the near future. operate and release times does not include bouncing.
The 2nd generation relay (MT2 and MT4) was designed in Operating voltages of electromagnetic actuators depend
the middle of the eighties. It is also remarkable that from on ambient temperature as, on one hand, the copper of the
the 2 nd generation of Telecom Relays a distinct coil windings and all magnet materials have a temperature
standardization of dimensions and pinning was realized coefficient and, on the other, the maximum operating
and this is still the case with today’s 4th generation. temperature of a relay is limited. A typical diagram is shown
Examples of the 1st generation are Tyco Electronics’ still in Fig. 3 using the so-called K-factors (see also relay terms):
existing Cradle Relays (formerly Siemens EC). These relays
were designed more than 30 years ago. It can be observed that the maximum coil voltage decreases
with higher ambient temperatures as the maximum coil
temperature should not be exceeded over the whole
III. Functional parameters temperature range. Furthermore, in this example, the
minimum or operate voltage shows a non-linear temperature
From a functional point of view, all types of relays have to range, which indicates that this relay contains a magnet.
fulfill requirements regarding timing and operating voltages, The temperature coefficient of only the coil copper would
including temperature influence. be linear. The same behavior as that for the minimum
Timing basically is defined by operate, release and bouncing operating voltage has to be applied for the release voltage.
times. Fig. 2 shows a typical relay timing diagram: As a consequence, the release voltage of a non-latching
relay decreases with the temperature as well. The specified
The operate time of an electromagnetic relay is defined as release values in our data sheets guarantee proper function
the time from power is applied to the coil to the first contact down to the minimum temperature.
of a normally closed contact opens or the first contact of a
normally opened contact closes. During the operate time
energy in the magnetic system is built up to move the contact
set. The release time of an electromagnetic relay is defined
as the time between when power is removed from the
magnetic system until the first contact of a normally opened
contact opens or the first contact of a normally closed contact
closes. During the release time, the energy in the magnetic
system decreases until the contact set moves back from the
11
Pout (output power)

Isolation [db] = - 10 log
Pin (input power)
Fig. 4: Isolation loss
Ambient temperature tamb [°C]
UI = Minimum voltage at 23° C after pre-energizing Pout (return power)

with nominal voltage without contact current Return loss [db] = - 10 log
Pin (input power)
UII = Maximum continous voltage at 23°
Fig. 5: Return loss
The operating voltage limits UI and UII depend on
the temperature according to the formula:
- Reflection characteristic (S11) is defined by return loss
UI tamb = KI · UI
and VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio)
23° C
and
UII tamb = KIl · UIl 23° C Standing wave
tamb = Ambient temperature
UI tamb = Minimum voltage at ambient temperature, tamb
UII tamb = Maximum voltage at ambient temperature, tamb
kI, kII = Factors (dependent on temperature), see diagram
Fig. 3: Temperature dependence of operate and release Re turn loss

voltages and maximum allowed temperature -
1 + 10 20
VSWR = 1 - 10
Re turn loss
-
IV. RF characteristics 20
Fig. 6: Voltage standing wave ratio (V.S.W.R )
The RF characterization of electromechanical relays can
basically be defined by four RF parameters plus the system The impedance match of component and system is
impedance. These parameters describe how RF signals are important as a mismatch generates signal reflection and
transferred or reflected on their way through the relay losses. Common RF applications are either 50 W or 75 W
(irradiation usually can be ignored). It is obvious that in RF systems, which means that the relay should match with
applications, the main focus for these parameters is on the one of these two values for it’s own impedance.
contact set as relays do not switch with high speed but
switch RF signals over the contacts. For a variety of our standard relays, these RF parameters
are given in the appropriate data sheets.
- Transmission characteristic (S21) is defined by insertion
and isolation loss For the internal design of RF relays very similar principles
as for PCB designs or cables are used as shown in Fig. 7.
Dielectric
Dielect
Coaxial line Micro strip line Coplanar line
Pout (output power)

Insertion loss [db] = - 10 log
Pin (input power) Fig. 7: Design examples for RF relays
12
All design principles consist of a signal layer, ground layer coil voltage by a factor up to 10. As many electronic
and a dielectric layer where the electric field is components, especially semiconductors, are quite sensitive
concentrated between signal and ground layer. Micro-strip to voltage peaks, it is very common to put resistors or diodes
and coplanar design are also widely used for RF PCB in parallel to the relay coil which reduces the voltage peak
designs, whereas coaxial design is used for cables. RF to a defined level. By using these coil suppression
component manufacturers usually define layout components release time is increased. For higher contact
recommendations together with the component design loads this might lead to a reduced life-time due to longer
due to the fact that the transition from the PCB to the relay arcs across contacts. For detailed information, please contact
has a significant influence on the component’s RF our relay specialists.
performance.
V. Relay driving VI. Contact Performance

There are different ways of driving a relay depending on
whether the relay is a latching or non-latching type. As A. Contact physics
described in the paragraph classification, a non-latching relay
returns to a defined release position when power is removed The contact is the key functional element of the relay. The
from the actuator. However, a latching relay needs a voltage contact system has to provide:
pulse with defined polarity for both setting and resetting. · low and stable contact resistance
For one coil latching relays, the voltage pulse for set and · switch a wide load range from dry circuits up to a
reset has to be of different polarity, for two coil latching maximum load of 60 W/62.5 VA
relays, these pulses can be of same polarity. On two coil · high insulation
latching relays both coils can be used for setting or resetting · between open contacts
the relay. · between control and load circuit
1. Contact resistance
Whenever two conductors are put together in order to

conduct a current, an electrical contact is formed. By
definition an electric contact means a junction between
two conductors called contacts.
Due to the surface roughness and unevenness of the
contacts only part of the nominally flat contacts touch each
other. The consequence is that the resistance will be higher
than that of a straight conductor because:
· the mechanical touching area is always smaller than the
obvious touching area
Fig. 8: Relay driving · the electrical conductive area is smaller than the
mechanical surface due to contamination of the contact
surface
It is possible to drive a latching relay as a non-latching type
· the electrical conducting area is also covered with non-
using the so-called C-circuit. Here a capacitor is connected
metallic layers
to the coil in series. With the correct choice of the capacitor,
depending on the coil values, the current pulse while
charging the capacitor is enough to switch the relay to the
set position. The same is valid for discharging the capacitor
and resetting the relay. For detailed information, please
contact our relay specialists.
Fig. 9: C-Circuit
Generally, when power of a relay coil is removed, due to the

self-induction of the relay coil, a voltage peak occurs. This
voltage peak might be very short but exceeds the nominal Fig. 10: Constriction resistance
13
Fig. 10 shows that the constriction resistance is not caused be determined by:
by the interface between the two contact members. The
resistance is caused by the elongation of the distance. It is Tc = Tc – Ta = Uc2/(8A Ta) [mV]
defined by the conductivity of the contact materials and the
contact force applied, which defines the number and the Tc = temperature of the constriction area
size of the contact spots. Ta = ambient temperature of the contact
Uc = contact voltage
Rc = ρ/2a A = Wiedemann-Franz or Lorenz factor
ρ = conductivity of the contact material With this equation the temperature of the contact
2a = diameter of the contact spot constriction area can be determined. Therefore, a direct
correlation between the softening, melting and boiling
voltages and the related softening, melting, boiling
Bearing in mind the plastic deformation of the metallic temperatures is given. For silver the values are 90 mV,
conduction spots, the constriction resistance can be 370 mV and 750 mV.
computed thus:
3. Contaminated contact surfaces
Rc = ρ/2a = ρ (π/4)1/2 H/Fc
Contamination of contacts has to be prevented by proper
Rc = constriction resistance selection of the contact material, insulation material and
Fc = contact force manufacturing processes.
ρ = conductivity of the contact material
H = hardness of the contact material
The constriction resistance is caused by the increased a) Single atomic layers

distance the current has to flow. For example, for Ag as All metallic surfaces, including precious metals like gold or
contact material and a contact force of 10 cN, an effective silver, are covered with at least a single layer of oxygen
contact diameter of 10 µm and a contact resistance of when they are stored in air. These O 2 molecules are
1 mΩ can be expected. attached to the contact surface. They can only be removed
by annealing in a vacuum for several hours.
Remark: The pin to pin resistance or contact circuit resistance The oxygen layers, which are about 0.5 nm thick, disturb
consists of the resistance of the conductive tracks and the the current flow and increase the contact resistance. In
contact resistance. While the first part is constant, the practice, the electrons are able to pass this barrier. The
contact resistance might change during the life of the relay. effect that enables the electrons to pass through a thin
insulating barrier is called the “tunnel effect”. In reality, the
2. Contact temperature - Wiedeman-Franz Law tunnel resistance is not significant, but the fact that the
metallic surfaces are covered prevents the contacts from
The dimension of the contact area is so small that the cold welding.
temperature in the contact cannot be measured, but it can
be easily determined by measuring the contact voltage: b) Corrosion layers
In air oxides, sulfides and other layers are formed on all
Uc = Rc I metallic surfaces and cannot be passed through by
tunneling. On most metals, the growth of the layers slows
As both the electrical conductivity and the thermal down because diffusion through the coating layer is no
conductivity in metals are caused by the free electrons in longer possible. The formation of corrosion layers is
the metal, the electrical and thermal conductivity are stopped or at least it proceeds much more slowly. The
proportional higher the thickness of the layer, the slower the corrosion
layer increases. The speed of the chemical reaction process
ρ/ρth = A T is strongly (exponentially) dependent on the temperature.
All corrosion layers are insulating or are semiconductors.
A = 2.4 x 10 –8 (V/K)2 This is definitely insufficient for a technical contact. In order
to provide a proper technical contact, this corrosion layer
A = Wiedemann-Franz or Lorenz Factor must be destroyed.
T = temperature There are two possible ways of destroying these layers:
- electrically
The correlation between the contact voltage and the
- mechanically
temperature increase in the contact constriction area can
14
Electrically: The breakdown voltage of corrosion layers is in
the range of 108 to 109 V/m. The breakdown voltage which
is called “fritting voltage” can reach values of more than
100 V. The breakdown occurs in such a way that when the
fritting (electrical breakdown) occurs, a thin metallic channel
is formed. When this happens, the contact voltage is reduced
to values between 0.3 and 0.5 V (cessation voltage). This
voltage is just below the melting voltage or melting Fig. 11: Formation of SiO2 by the arc
temperature of the contact material. The final resistance of
a fritted contact is not sufficient in most cases (100 mV
contact voltage results in a resistance of 10 Ω at 10 mA). f) Particles
Mechanical: There are two ways to destroy the corrosion Particles are the biggest enemies of an electrical contact.
layers on a contact. Particularly in miniaturized electromechanical systems
- high enough contact force with low contact forces, small particles can prevent the
- relative movement or mechanical impact during contact contacts from making contact.
closing Typical sources might be dust when open relays are used
Either the contact force is high enough to destroy the or particles coming from punched metal parts, grids from
insulating layers or a relative movement is also applied in molded parts and particles coming from assembly
order to destroy the corrosion layers. operations like handling and laser welding.
c) Polymeric coatings 4. Arcing contacts

When contacts are operated under dry load conditions,
especially on contacts made from Pd and Pt and their alloys, It makes a significant difference whether a contact has to
absorbed organic molecules are polymerized. The organic switch AC or DC currents and voltages. Switching AC loads
polarized layers have an insulating effect. When the is usually much less critical because during every cycle the
contacts perform a relative movement, these organic layers current as well as the voltage have zero crossing. This is
are removed and deposited beside the contacts. The not the case when a DC circuit has to be switched.
deposited products are called “brown powder”.
d) Carbon layers
When contacts are operating in a closed environment (sealed
relay) and the switch is made of organic materials like
plastics, resins and organic insulation materials, outgassing
hydrocarbons can cause carbon on the contacts.
This effect can be observed in a typical load level between
5 and 2 V and currents between a few mA and 100 mA.
The out-gassing hydrocarbons are absorbed on the contact
surface. The low energy arc caused in this load range cracks
the hydrocarbons. As the energy of the arc is not sufficient
to burn the carbon, it simply remains in the contact area.
Typical contact resistance values for carbon can be
measured which are in the range of 1 to 2 Ohms.
e) SiO2 - coatings
The insulating SiO2 – coatings are formed from silicone,
when it is present in the contact area and arcing occurs Fig. 12: Minimum arc voltage for different contact
(Fig.11). The organic silicone molecules are oxidized in the materials
arc and form an insulating layer. Silicone has extreme
creeping characteristics and is able to cross long distances
(>20 meters).
Silicones come from grease, hand-cream, etc. NEVER use
creams, grease, oils, etc., containing silicones when
contacts are present. Creeping of silicones even through
plastic housings has been observed in the past.
15
a) Switching DC circuits Capacitive loads

When capacitive loads have to be switched, the current
must be limited by a resistor. The maximum current should
not exceed 15 A, otherwise the inrush current might cause
contact welding.
Inductive loads
When inductive loads are switched off, the energy stored
in the inductance results in the generation of an arc or an
increase of the arc duration depending on the circuitry.
b) Switching AC circuits
When the current goes through zero, no energy is supplied
to the arc. The arc should therefore extinguish by itself. As
the whole system has a certain heat capacity, the arc can
re-ignite, especially when the contact opens slowly and
there is not sufficient dielectric strength available to prevent
Fig. 13: Determination of arc current and arc voltage a re-ignition of the arc.
applying and characteristic.
A DC circuit is interrupted (the arc is extinguished) as soon

the required arc voltage is no longer available. This is the
case when the arc voltage UB is bigger than the open circuit
voltage when U0, reduced by the voltage drop on the
resistor. Applying the arc characteristic makes it easy to
calculate the arc voltage and the arc current. At the same
time, the length of the required contact gap for interrupting
the circuit can be determined. Examples are shown in
Fig.13.
Fig. 15: Interruption of an AC circuit.
5. Material transfer and contact erosion
In DC circuits, material transfer and contact erosion are

among the main factors reducing the lifetime and
performance of relays.
Material transfer generates a spike on one contact and a
hole on the other (Fig. 16). Depending on the load applied
and the contact material, the height of the spike can easily
reach 20 to 30 % of the contact gap. Minimizing the material
transfer helps to keep the dielectric characteristic constant
during the entire
life of the relay and
therefore enables
designs with
smaller contact
gaps.
Fig. 14: Voltage – current characteristics of arc burning

on gold contacts in air. Fig. 16: Material transfer
16
a) Steady state arcs voltage can be induced by the inductance present in any
For steady arcs, a minimum arc voltage and current are electric circuit. Although material transfer happens in both
necessary. Both the minimum voltage and the minimum directions, a net material transfer from the anode to the
current depend on the electrode material and the cathode can be observed.
surrounding gas, e.g. for silver, in air Umin = 12 V, Imin = 0.4 A At a certain gap length of about 0.5 to 1 µm, the anodic arc
(Fig. 12). can no longer be sustained, but, the anodic arc abruptly
charges into a cathodic arc. The metal vapor cathodic arc
b) Opening contacts requires a much lower metal vapor density, which is mainly
sustained by the evaporating cathode spot of high current
density. The cathodic arc is characterized by a lower density
of excited atoms, less radiation and an arc voltage of 4 to
5 V higher than the anode arc. The lifetime of the cathodic
arc is limited, depending on the volume of the molten bridge
and the opening speed of the contacts. The net material
transfer of the cathodic arc is from the cathode to the anode.
These two types of arcs are important for Telecom and
Signal Relays.
c) Closing contacts
Basically the same effects and same type of arcs occur in
closing contacts. Between approaching contacts, an arc
Fig. 17: Voltage and current during contact make and can be ignited by a dielectric breakdown or by evaporation
break. of a metal bridge.
While the breakdown voltage is determined by the e.m.f.
Although in many telecom circuits neither the minimum of the circuit, the inrush current due to the discharge of the
arc voltage nor the minimum arc current is reached, capacitance parallel to the contact gap may be far beyond
material transfer can be observed. the steady state current of the circuit after closure. Field
This can be explained as follows. When contacts are emission breakdown may occur within 1ns. At a breakdown
separated, the force decreases, the contact resistance and field strength of 20 to 500 V/µm and a closing velocity of
therefore the contact voltage increases (which is a function 1...2 m/s at a 125 V source, a make arc duration in the
of the temperature in the constriction area) until the melting range of less than 1 µs may result. Even this short time is
temperature of the contact material is reached. A molten enough to cause material transfer. In the event of bouncing,
bridge is formed between the contact pieces. The contact the same effects can occur as during the opening of
voltage during this time is constant at the melting voltage contacts.
of the contact material. As the contact distance increases, Another effect might be of importance while contact is
the temperature inside the molten bridge likewise being made. When the contacts are closing and the contact
increases. At a certain distance, the bridge disintegrates. surface is molten due to a preceding arc, the contacts might
This metallic vapor creates the ideal conditions for an arc weld. Depending on the opening force, these welded
discharge. metallic bridges might be broken. If the contact force is not
A very strong electric field arises across the hot metal vapor sufficient to break the weld, sticking occurs. During
causing temperature field emission of electrons from the separation, a material transfer from the anode to the
cathode. These electrons excite and progressively ionize cathode can be observed.
the metal atoms. The ions produce a high-density space For typical loads switched by Telecom Relays with contact
charge and increase in electrical field strength in front of gaps in the range of 0.25 mm, maximum switched voltage
the cathode, yielding a cathodic emission density sufficient of 220 Vdc, opening and closing velocities of about
to sustain an arc. This arc is called a metal vapor anodic 1 ... 2 m/s, it is primarily the effects from a metallic vapor
arc, the arc voltage is just higher than the ionization voltage arc which can be expected.
of the metal atoms in the range of about 8 V. However, even
if the driving voltage of the circuit is less than 8 V, this
17
6. Electrical Endurance a) Test procedure

After each operation, the contact resistance, the insulation
Telecom and Signal Relays have an extremely large resistance and bridging (shorting between normally open
working load range. These can be divided into several
and normally closed contact) were monitored. While the
typical load areas. In every load area, different physical
phenomena are effective with different physical effects contacts are switching the defined load, the measurement
influencing the performance of the relay contacts. of the contact resistance was done under dry circuit
conditions (max. 30 mV/max.10 mA). When the contacts
No load have closed during a test cycle, the test load is
Switching in this area means to have absolutely no arcing. disconnected and a measurement circuit with an open
The maximum voltage applied is less than the softening
circuit voltage of maximum 30 mV is connected for the
voltage of the contact materials used. An increase of the
contact resistance can only occur by corrosion or contact resistance measurement. After the measurement,
polymerization effects. the measurement circuit is disconnected, the load
Low load connected and the contact operates with the defined load.
Two effects are important in the low load range. Even though Performing the contact resistance measurements under
the voltage is lower than the arc voltage, short arcs with dry load conditions gives the highest possible sensitivity
very low energy still occur. The second effect is that during
for all kinds of contact failures.
breaking the contact, the temperature in the constriction
area increases up to the boiling temperature of the contact
material. A typical effect in this range is the generation of
carbon as the short arcs are breaking the hydrocarbons in
the switching atmosphere, but the arc does not have enough
energy to burn the carbon.
Intermediate load
In the intermediate range, short arcs and discharges of
cables are the most common effects. Depending on the
energy of the discharge, contact erosion can happen. The
arc has enough energy to burn the generated carbon on
the contacts.
High load
On practically all these loads, arcing can be detected.
Depending on the voltage and current, switched contact Fig. 19: Typical result obtained from an electrical
erosion or material transfer is the dominating effect. endurance test (Contact application 0, max.
Depending on the load applied, erosion or transfer of 30 mV/ max.10 mA), 2.5 million operation. The
contact material are the effects which can be seen. three graphs represent the minimum, average and
maximum values obtained from 20 contacts, which
gives 50 million readings in total.
Detailed test results obtained from electrical endurance

tests are given in the related IECQ/CECC test reports which
are available on request. Further test results on other loads
are available from application engineering.
b) Failure criteria
During electrical endurance testing, a certain number of
failures are allowed. Typical are 1 to 10 failures during
Fig. 18: Working load ranges for Telecom and Signal 1 million operations. A failure is defined as:
Relays · contact resistance value higher a certain limit (> 1 Ω)
· insulation resistance less a certain limit (<100 kΩ)
· bridging resistance lower than a certain limit (<100 kΩ)
The above-mentioned values are typical for linecard loads,
but generally depend on customer specifications.
18
7. Contact materials Contact material Advantages Disadvantages
To achieve optimum contact performance, the Au High conductivity. Very soft, HV 20

combination of contact material, atmosphere and gas 44MS/m
Corrosion protection Contact welding
tightness, switching loads, contact characteristics such as
contact force and contact dynamics has to be considered. AuAg 8 ... 10 High conducting Formation of Ag-
Only welded contacts are used in modern designs for use reliability Sulfur , sticking
in Telecom and Signal Relays. Contact rivets cannot be AuNi 2 ... 5 With DC no material Contact welding
produced and handled in the small dimensions required. migration Formation of NiO2
Therefore, contact materials are produced in tapes, then
cut and welded to carrier and springs. AuPd 2 ... 4 High erosion protection Fretting corrosion
(polymerization)
The selection of the contact material is dominated by cost
considerations. Different techniques are applied to Au Co 0.2 ... 0.5 With DC no material Oxidation of Co
minimize the cost for precious metals without a negative migration
impact to the reliability of the relays.
Tab. 3: Gold and gold alloys for the use in Telecom and
For Telecom and Signal Relays mostly gold coated Signal Relays
bifurcated contacts are used, especially for low level
switching. Three different methods are used to bring the Contact material Advantages Disadvantages
gold to the base material, rolling, galvanic deposition and
sputtering. The performance of sputtered gold layers Ag Hight conductivity Formation of Ag-
60MS/m Sulfur, sticking
compared to rolled or galvanic deposited gold layers is
Very cheap
superior. The major advantages of the sputtered gold layers
are the absolute cleanness of the surface and the positive AgNi 0.15 High strength Formation of Ag-
effect on material transfer. On sputtered gold layers the Sulfur, sticking
ignition of the arc takes place on different points which are AgNi 10 ... 20 High erosion protection Contact welding,
distributed over the whole contact area. As a result the material transfer
contact erosion is well distributed and less severe.The
performance of different gold alloys is shown in table 3. AgPd 60 Largely resistant to Fretting corrosion
sulfur (polymerization
PdRu 10 High conducting High cost

reliability
PdNi 30 Low material transfer High cost
AgCdO/AgSnO2 High erosion protection High contact

at high current (power resistance
circuit breaker)
Tab. 4: Silver and silver alloys for the use in telecom

circuits i.e. ringing load, cable load, etc.
Most of the telecom relays are back-filled with nitrogen. As
usually the plastic housing is not gastight, after a few days
normal air is inside the relays.
Standard contact materials for telecom relays switching in
an air atmosphere are
· AgNi 10 .... 20 + Au
· AgPd 30 .... 40 + Au
Fig. 20: Typical dimensions and cross section of a 3-metal
For most applications the contact material is plated on both
layer contact tape. Depending on the dimensions,
contacts with a thin gold layer. For the best switching
up to 5 layers can be produced.
performance in air the use of silver–palladium with 60%
palladium is the most sophisticated solution as it offers
· good corrosion characteristics
· good erosion characteristics
· high resistance against material transfer
For many applications in telecommunication also silver-
nickel give good results.
19
When relays are gastight, in order to protect the contacts

from corrosion, also other materials can be taken into
consideration. For example the combination of palladium-
ruthenium in a SF6 switching atmosphere gives superior
contact performance to all other combinations of contact
material and switching atmosphere, which were used so
far.
VII. Dielectric
Although Telecom and Signal relays are designed to switch
low voltages and currents, they frequently have to handle
electromagnetic interference such as:
· lightning – the most critical stress is usually generated Fig. 21: Paschen curve for air and SF6. With a distance of
by induced lightning, as a direct hit is not usual and 0.2 mm at normal pressure (100 kPA), a dielectric
would cause damage in any case regardless of the strength voltage of 2500 V in SF6 and 1500 V in
protective measures taken. air can be achieved. Alternatively 2500 V can be
· direct connection to the main circuit (power cross) - achieved by increasing the pressure in the air from
causes maximum voltage of less than 600 V, which is 100 to 300 kPa (at a distance of 0.2 mm) or
not critical. increasing the distance to 0.6 mm at normal
· inductive coupling from the main circuit during power pressure.
faults - high currents flowing in power lines can induce
high voltages in adjacent communication cables.
· ground potential rise - happens when heavy ground theoretical withstand voltage strength of air. Change of
currents flow in the common ground connections during pressure causes a proportional change to this theoretical
power faults cause substantial difference in the potential withstand voltage. Based on this theoretical value, the
(more relevant in US and Asia). dielectric strength for an electrode gap of length s with an
For the design of the insulation system of a relay, only the
ideally homogenous field and an ideally smooth electrode
relevant physical phenomena for short-term application
have to be taken into account, where three different types can be calculated. The results are presented in Fig. 21 in
of insulation have to be considered: what is known as the Paschen curve.
· solid insulation
· gaseous dielectric clearance
· gas/solid interface creepage
For solid material, the intrinsic dielectric withstand voltage A. Dielectric withstand voltage of a contact
is relevant. It is approximately two orders of magnitude gap.
higher than that of gases (approx. 30 kV/mm). Therefore,
the insulating properties of the solid insulation material are
Due to inhomogeneity in the contact geometry and due to
not relevant for the dielectric limits of a relay, but important
in order to fulfill the safety requirements. the surface roughness of technical contacts, a homogenous
Since the Bellcore (now Telcordia) requirements were field can never be expected in a contact gap. As a
introduced, a 2500 V pulse between coil and contacts is consequence, the field stress is higher in a technical contact
necessary. For the design of telecommunication systems, gap. Computer simulations have shown that a reduction of
the same values between open contacts are relevant. about 30 % has to be considered for real designs.
To achieve high dielectric and surge values at the same
time as a more compact design is extremely difficult. While
a solid insulation material can be used between coil and B. Dielectric strength of an interface
contacts and between adjacent contacts, this is not surface solid – gas
possible between open contacts.
In gases, dielectric breakdown is started if the electric field For clean and smooth surfaces, the solid material does not
stress is sufficiently high to start electron avalanches which significantly interact with the breakdown process in the gas.
finally build a bridge across the gap enabling a conducting Therefore, theoretically the withstand voltage strength at
breakdown channel. For air, a field strength of approx. the surface of the solid material exposed to a tangential
2.44 kV/mm is necessary at an ambient pressure of electrical field is more or less the same as that for the pure
100 kPa. This value of 2.44 kV/mm is the so-called gas gap. However, as the solid material is not ideally smooth
20
and its surface always contains a certain degree of pollution
in the technical devices, dielectric breakdown can be
expected across the surface rather than in the gas at a slightly
reduced voltage compared to the breakdown voltage of a
pure gas.
C. Consequences
As a consequence of the above considerations, the dielectric

integrity of a low voltage switching device is determined by
two major parameters:
· design geometry
· theoretical withstand voltage capability of the insulating Fig. 23: Comparison of the AC withstand voltage (peak
plastics and especially of the insulating gas values) of IM relays filled with N2/air and SF6
(pressure 100 kPa) between open contacts: nc =
To improve the dielectric performance, the easiest ways normally closed, no = normally open - between coil
are to either increase the gaps, include insulating materials and contact system: c-c = coil to contacts.
or increase the dielectric withstand capability of the (Minimum, maximum and average values are
gaseous dielectric. Unfortunately, an increase in the presented.)
distances is not possible due to the miniaturization of the
relays. The introduction of solid materials between open
contacts also does not solve the problem.
In addition to the homogeneity of the electric field, the
dielectric strength voltage depends on:
· the distance between conducting parts
· the gas pressure
· the type of gas
Filling relays with electronegative gases significantly

increases the dielectric performance of the relays. The
housings of those relays are designed so as to keep the
gas filling during the entire lifetime, which is defined to be
at least 25 years. In simulation tests, up to 350 years were
achieved (Fig. 24). Fig. 24: SF6 loss of the FX2 relay as a function of time. After
25 years, approx. 93% of the SF6 filled would still
be present, whereby the 93% solely reflects the
accuracy of the measuring device. In reality, it was
not possible to detect any extraneous gases.
D . Dielectric and surge requirements
The dielectric measurements can be defined and

measured with AC or DC voltages. The factor between AC
and DC values is just the v2. When the dielectric values are
defined with DC, polarity effects have to be taken into
consideration. The supplier has to ensure that the
measurement is performed with the polarity giving worst
case results. The duration of measurement is 1 minute in
laboratory or quality assurance tests, in the range of less
than 1 s in the in-process measurements.
Fig. 22: Dependence of dielectric strength between coil The surge or impulse voltage measurements are
and contact system on SF6 concentration. performed with pulses of defined shape. The most common
21
applied pulses are: contacts are closed and have to carry the short circuit current.
· 1.2 µs / 50 µs or 2µs / 10 µs The peak current during this test may provoke contact
· 10 µs / 700 µs or 10 µs / 1000 µs welding. The critical parameter is more the amplitude than
· 10 µs / 160 µs the duration of the pulse. Depending on the resistance of
The first value in the pulse gives the virtual front time, the the circuitry current peaks, up to 500 A can occur.
second value gives the virtual time to half value as shown in Depending on the standards, the circuitry has to comply
Fig. 25. with different requirements that must be fulfilled (Tab. 5).
The most important standards that Telecom Relays have to
comply with are:
· IEC standards
· Bellcore GR1089
· IEC 60950 / UL 1950
· UL 508
· ITU T K recommendations
Fig. 25: Definition of the virtual front time T1 and the virtual
time to half value T2.
The dielectric values as well as the impulse voltage values

are defined between:
· open contacts / contacts of the same pole
· adjacent contacts / contacts of different poles
· coil and contacts
· coils (double coil types)
The current surge measurements are performed with the

same pulses as the voltage surge measurements. The major
difference is that during current surge testing the relay
Standard Dielectric test Impulse voltage test Impulse current Clearance & Creepage
IEC/EN 61811 series yes yes no no

IEC/EN 60950, UL yes yes no yes
UL 508 yes no no no
Bellcore/Telcordia no yes yes no
ITU T K20 yes yes yes no
Tab. 5: Dielectric, impulse voltage current and voltage and clearance and creepage requirements required in
different standards
22
VIII. Environmental conditions Test Condition IEC publication
Cold 500 h at – 40°C IEC 60068-2-1,
Relays are subjected to shock, vibration, climate, fire, sealing Test A
and magnetic interference tests to ensure reliable function
under a wide range of environmental conditions. The Damp heat
procedures are described in the IEC 60068-2 series. (steady state) 21 d at 40 °C / 93 % IEC 60068-2-3
relative humidity
A. Shock and vibration Dry heat 2000 h at +85 °C IEC 60068-2-2
Change of - 40 °C / +100 °C, IEC 60068-2-14
Electromechanical relays can fail under exposure to temperature 50 x 3 cycles / h
excessive mechanical shock and vibration. The displacement
of movable parts inside the relay can lead to a malfunction, Tab. 6: Temperature tests definded by a telcom
which is defined as an opening of closed contacts or a closing customer
of open contacts for more than 10 µs. The relay is damaged
when the functional parameters exceed the specified values. are extended temperature range, salt mist and corrosive
Telecom and Signal Relays are high shock and vibration gases tests.
resistant basically because of their low mass. But the design
also has an impact. The symmetrical design of the armature
in polarized 2 form c relays makes them more resistant C. Sealing
than non-polarized relays.
The values in this data book refer to short-term stress All AXICOM relays, except some cradle relays, are sealed
occurring during transportation, handling and operation. The relays. The sealing prevents the surrounding atmosphere
relays should not be operated in an environment producing from penetrating the relay. A common test is to collocate
constant shocks or vibrations near its limits. the relay into a liquid (water) at a temperature of 1 to 5 °C
The shock resistance is tested according to above the maximum ambient temperature of the relay. A
IEC 60068-2-27 with a half sinus wave. The acceleration leakage will be seen as air bubbles (IEC 60068-2-17, test
and duration of the shock defines the severity. Typical values Qc method 2). The protection class according to IEC 61810-
are: 30 G / 18 ms, 50 g / 11 ms and 100 G / 6 ms. The test 7 part 2.2 is RT IV. Some relays are filled with ENG (Electro
is carried out in all 3 axes over a limited time period (e.g. Negative Gas). Since the ENG is important for the dielectric
10 shocks or 10 times the frequency rang). breakdown voltage of the relays, the sealing fulfills the
The vibration resistance is tested according to highest protection class RT V (hermetically sealed relay)
IEC 60068-2-6 with a sinus wave. The acceleration is given ensuring that the ENG stays in the relay over decades.
in G (10 m/s2) for a defined frequency range. For low
frequencies (approx.10 to 60 Hz), the test is carried out D. Flammability
with a constant amplitude. As a consequence, the
acceleration rises with the frequency and reaches the The flammability test is carried out with a needle flame
specified value at the upper frequency range (approx. applied to the relay cover for 20 seconds. If not otherwise
60 Hz). At that frequency, an amplitude of 0.75 mm equals stated, the allowable burning time is 30 seconds after the
10 G, 1.5 mm equals 20 G, etc. Above that frequency, the flame is removed from the relay. The procedure is defined
acceleration is held constant. The test is carried out 10 times, in IEC 60695-2-2.
sweeping from minimum to maximum frequency in all A material’s resistance to burning is expressed by its oxygen
3 axes. index. The value represents the minimum concentration of
oxygen (expressed as percent by volume) in a mixture of
B. Climate tests oxygen and nitrogen that will support flaming combustion
of a material that is initially at room temperature. A higher
Relays are used in a wide variety of applications. Far from value indicates a less flammable material.
climate controlled cabinets, they are subjected to different The UL 94 rates only materials and not whole relays. The
climatic conditions. Most common for Telecom Relays today material probes have a defined thickness (e.g. 0.25 mm).
is an operating temperature range from –40°C to +85°C. The flammability is classified in V0 (best), V1, V2, HB (worst).
Because the test conditions are named in detailed customer
specifications, they vary from customer to customer. For
example, temperature tests defined by a telecom customer E. Magnetic interference
are listed in Tab. 6. The operate and release voltage of a relay can be affected
Requirements for applications other than communications by external magnetic fields of adjacent relays or other
are tested on demand. Examples for the automotive sector magnetic components. For relays, the impact depends on
23
the distance between the relays, the number of adjacent C. Packaging

relays and their excitation. A distance between the relays of
2.54 mm (0.1 inch) is usually enough so that the relay will
Different packaging is used depending on the relay type
work inside the specified operating voltages.
and with regard to any specific requirements during
shipment or production. THT relays are packed in plastic
tubes while the standard packing for SMT relays are blisters
wounded on a reel (tape & reel).
D. Handling
Modern relays are high precision components that are

sensitive to mechanical stress and abusive handling. Care
must be taken when handling the relay during all stages of
Fig. 26: Relay configuration (adjacent relays)
production.
On a quantity basis, the impact of a magnetic field is tested
by exposing the relay to a linear magnetic field inside a test E. Testing
coil. To pass the test, the operate voltage change should be
less than 20% and the release voltage change should be During incoming inspection, special care has to be taken
less than 40%. not to bend the relay terminals. Internal failure (e.g. breaking
of coil wires) or the degradation of sealing properties could
IX. Processing be the consequence.
A. Storage F. Automatic handling
Relays should be stored in a clean area within the specified The handling pressure or force of automatic feeders or robots
temperature limits. Extreme humidity and condensation can has to be adjusted to avoid mechanical damage such as
cause corrosion of the metal parts on the inside as well as cracking the relay case. The design of the relay should be
the outside of the relay. SMT relays have to be dried before such that when held by its case or inserted into a socket, it
the soldering process to prevent damages cause by does not become detached.
evaporating humidity absorbed in the plastic This is done in Due to the reduced size of modern Telecom and Signal
the preheating zone of the SMD oven. Relays, they can be placed by pick and place machines with
a speed similar to passive PCB components. It is possible to
Increasing contact resistance over a time period, due to the use a mechanical as well as vacuum picker.
formation of oxides and other layers, is to be expected for
most contact materials. This degradation is dependent on G. Insertion
the ambient atmosphere and is more rapid at high
temperatures. Special care has to be taken if relays are When inserting the relay into the PCB, do not press or use
tested or used with low contact loads after being stored for undue force on the pins as this may compromise the pin
prolonged periods. Deterioration of contact resistance seal or affect the integrity of the coil connections.
during storage is reduced in the case of plastic or hermetically
sealed relays. H. Clinching
B. Transport Terminals should not be bent to hold the relay in place on
the PCB to aid flow soldering. Bending or cutting the pins
In transit, care has to be taken to avoid excessive shock and after insertion generates extreme mechanical stress,
vibration. Mechanical stress can lead to changes in operating especially in the case of rectangular PCB terminals. Neither
characteristics or to internal damage of the relay (see the relay performance nor sealing of flux resistant and
vibration and shock resistance). If mechanical stress is plastic or hermetically sealed relays can be guaranteed if
suspected, the relay should be checked and tested before the terminals have been bent.
use. Self-clinching terminals are available for some types of PCB
relays.
24
I. Fluxing Soldering Temperature Effects
technology stress
Fluxing has to be carefully considered depending on the High to very high Housing warmer
type of relay. Unsealed relays should be hand soldered to Radiation than terminals
avoid flux contamination of the relay. Flux should be used Infrared (IR) temperature >> DT on board over
sparingly and evenly and joints examined after soldering. If soldering 40°C
flow soldering is used however, the flux level should be set temperature
so that it cannot flood onto the PCB. This is particularly critical
if the PCB is dual tracked and there are unused holes under High to very high Homogeneous heat
Gas temperature distribution, no
Convection
>> soldering shadows
temperature DT on board over
10 sec 15 °C
Combination High Nearly no shadows
max. 245° C
215° C (IR + Convection.) DT on board over
180° C ca. 40 sec 25 °C
Temperature °C
130° C
Low
Vapor Homogeneous heat
Vapor phase
temperature = distribution
Full line: typical (VP)
Dotted line: process limits
soldering
temperature
Time (s) Tab. 7: Impact of soldering equipment on relays

Infrared Soldering: Temperature/Time Profile
(Lead Temperature)
the body of the unsealed relay. Flux resistant and sealed

relays may be used with most fluxing procedures due to the
20 - 40 sec Full line: typical seal between the pins and the relay base. The PCB should
Dotted line: process limits not be flooded as normally only the pins are sealed and flux
215° C
could possibly penetrate the relay by capillary action between
180° C
the relay cover and base. If there is any doubt about the
Temperature °C
130° C fluxing process, fully sealed relays (plastic or hermetically

external preheating forced
cooling sealed) should be used.
100° C
J. Preheating
Before flow soldering, the entire PCB should be preheated.

Time (s) This is to dry the flux and prevent it from penetrating the
relay during soldering. Also, better quality solder joints are
Vapor Phase Soldering: Temperature/Time Profile achieved as a result of more uniform temperature
(Lead Temperature)
distribution. Preheating should be carried out at 100°C for
approximately 1 minute. Excessive exposure to high
Fig. 27: SMT soldering profiles temperatures may affect the relays characteristics.
K. Wave soldering
The automated soldering process has to be controlled

carefully in order not to impair the performance of the relays.
Flux resistant and sealed relays can be used with most dip
or wave soldering processes. The solder bath temperature
should be 260°C maximum and the soldering time should
not exceed 5 seconds. The solder level has to be adjusted
so that it does not flood the printed circuit board surface.
25
L. SMT soldering thinner-based solvents, chlorosene-based solvents,

trichlene-based solvents and chlorine. Fluor-based cleaning
The soldering should be carried out according to the solvents like Freon are forbidden today.
recommendation of CECC 00802 if not stated otherwise in
the respective datasheet.
M. Hand soldering
If the relays are soldered by hand, the process should be

completed as quickly as possible. The same temperature
and time limits apply as for wave soldering.
N. Cooling
After flow soldering, the assemblies should be cooled in

order to reduce thermal stress and to minimize the pressure
differential between the inside of the relay and the
atmosphere. If the relay sealing breaks, cleaning fluid along
with dissolved flux will be sucked inside the relay if a pressure
differential exists. Ingress of flux into the relay can either
cause the armature to stick, preventing operation, or
contamination of the contact surfaces leading to contact
failure.
O. Chemical cleaning
In modern PCB assembly less and less cleaning is used. If

cleaning is necessary, certain precautions have to be taken.
1. Unsealed relays: Only the base of the PCB should be
cleaned to prevent penetration of solvent and dissolved flux
into the relay. Any other cleaning method involving potential
contamination of unsealed relays should be avoided.
2. Flux resistant relays: Immersion cleaning is not possible
with these types of relays. Only the soldered side should be
washed and care has to be taken not to allow washing
solution to flood the PCB surface.
3. Sealed relays: Only fully sealed relays should be
immersion cleaned. Even then the PCB should be allowed
to cool before the washing process in order not to damage
the seal due to thermal shock or pressure differential. When
using high pressure cleaning processes, special care has to
be taken to avoid any ingress into the relay. Liquids under
high pressure can damage the seal of the relay. Ultrasonic
cleaning is not recommended as this can cause friction
welding of the contacts, especially in the case of gold-plated
contacts. If ultrasonic cleaning cannot be avoided, it should
be completed as quickly as possible.
Modern cleaning equipment uses water or alkaline solutions,
which are more environmentally friendly than CFC’s. If other
cleaning solvents are used, ensure that the chemicals are
suitable for the relay. The use of unsuitable solvents can
cause cracking or discoloring of the plastic parts. Suitable
solvents include isopropyl alcohol (alcohol-based solvents),
water with wetting agents. Unsuitable solvents are acetone,
ethyl acetate, aqueous alkalines, phenolic combinations,
26
X. Standardization standards has lost their importance. Additionally, relay
relevant MIL standards are not very well maintained and
Standardization is valuable for relay manufacturers as well therefore obsolete. However, especially in North America,
as relay users. It helps create multi-source products. they are still important.
For Telecom and Signal Relays, standards from different
standardization bodies are of relevance. The standards that 7. ITU-T - Telecommunication Standardization Sector
have to be considered mainly depend on of International Telecommunication Union
· type of application
· region where the device is used ITU papers are only recommendations. As most
In order to have products that can be sold worldwide, relays telecommunication equipment manufacturers follow them,
should cover all relevant standards. they also have the character of a standard.
Internet: www.itu.int
A. Standardization organizations
8. IPC – (Institute of Interconnecting and Packaging
1. IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission Electronic Circuits)
IEC standards are actually the best maintained standards IPC standards are only recommendations, but in daily life
for Telecom and Signal Relays. They are well supported by they are considered to be standards.
Asian and European countries as well as Australia, but much Internet: www.ipc.org
less from US and Canada.
Internet: www.iec.ch 9. Bellcore – Bell Communications Research / Telcordia
2. CENELEC – Comite Européen de Normalisation Bellcore is a part of the former Bell Laboratories. Today
Electrotechnique (CENELEC) their name is Telcordia. Bellcore standards deal with the
safety aspects of telecommunication systems.
European standardization body. Since the Dresden Internet: www.telcordia.com
agreement between IEC and CENELEC, all IEC standards
will become European standards (EN) at the same time. 10. FCC Federal Communications Commission
there will be no individual national standards in Europe
anymore. Concerning Telecom Relays, safety aspects are the focus of
Internet: www.cenelec.org this standard. It has remained unchanged for a long time
(e.g. FCC Part 68: 1975).
3. National Standardization Bodies Internet: www.fcc.gov
National standardization bodies do not introduce their own B. Types of standards

standards, but they do participate in the international
standardization work. An overview over the numerous relevant standards which
Internet: www.ansi.org , www.bsi.uk, www.deke.de, manufacturers and users of relays have to consider is given
www.ute.fr in Fig. 28. The standards can be divided into following
categories:
4. UL – Underwriters Laboratories
1. General standards:
UL standards are focused on safety-related questions.
Certain standards are harmonized with the IEC standards These are not related to a special product. Typically, these
(IEC 60950 – UL 1950). standards contain definitions, sampling plans, etc. General
Internet: www.ul.com standards are valid for different types of products or product
groups.
5. CSA – Canadian Standard Association
2. Relay standards:
CSA standards are more or less identical with UL standards.
Internet: www.csa.ca Standards which describe the requirements for relays in
general and in detail and indicate the specific test and
6. MIL – Military Standards measurement procedures.
3. Safety standards:
MIL standards were one of the earliest standards. Due to These standards describe the requirements for safety such
the decreasing importance of the military sector, these as flammability, clearance and creepage distances for
27
various types of equipment, the minimum switching Relays with two changeover contacts, 15 mm x 7.5 mm
performance and dielectric and surge characteristics. As base: Defines the characteristics of the 3rd generation
relays are used as an interface between the electronic circuit Telecom Relays – vertical or slim line type (P2, FX2, FT2,
and external connections, they also have to cover safety FU2 relays).
requirements. The most typical standard for relays in IEC61811-55 - Blank detail specification for Telecom
telecommunication is the IEC60950 ”Safety of Information Relays with two changeover contacts, 10 mm x 7.5 mm
Technology Equipment, Including Electrical Business base (max.): Defines the characteristics of the 4th generation
Equipment”. This standard describes all rules on how to Telecom Relays (IM relay).
design and manufacture telecommunication equipment Telcordia (Bellcore) GR1089: Defines the impulse-voltage
which fulfill the valid requirements. and current requirements for telecommunication equipment.
4. Test standards: This is a system standard which is also applied to Telecom
Standards that describe the various test procedures in detail. Relays, 2500V 2/10µs impulse applied to telecom ports
These standards are not specific for relays or components. and also to relays.
They are also valid for all types of equipment. These UL508 – Standard for industrial control equipment:
standards are very helpful for performing the required tests Defines the characteristics of switching devices used in
as they give detailed guidelines how to perform them. industrial applications - mostly safety-relevant. This standard
is also applied for relays used in telecommunication
equipment.
UL94 – Tests for flammability of plastic materials for parts
in devices and appliances: Defines the safety-relevant
properties of plastic materials, e.g. the flammability
characteristics of plastic materials.
FCC Part 68 - Connection of terminal equipment to the
telephone network: Of major consequence for relays
coming from this standard is the 1500V - 10/160µs impulse
voltage requirement between open contacts.
ITU-T-K.20 - Resistibility of telecommunication switching
equipment to overvoltages and overcurrents: This also
Fig. 28: Relevant standards for manufacturers and users defines the dielectric and impulse-voltage and current
of relays. requirements for a Telecom Relay.
Remark: The IEC255 series was recently re-numbered and
C. Most relevant standards for Telecom and today is ICE60255. Most publications relevant for Telecom
Signal Relays Relays were superseded by the IEC61810 and IEC61811
series.
IEC61810-1 - Electromechanical non-specified time all-
or-nothing relays - Part 1: General requirements: D. Insulation coordination
Defines the basic requirements for relays.
IEC61810-7 – Test and measurement procedures: Defines Basic standard for insulation coordination is the IEC60664
the recommended procedures applied to the relays when standard, which describes the basic requirements for
tested. insulating systems.
IEC61811-50 – Sectional specification for Telecom For telecommunication equipment, the IEC60950 – Safety
Relays: Defines the minimum requirements for a Telecom of Information Technology Equipment, including electrical
Relay. business equipment - has to be applied. For other fields of
IEC61811-51- Blank detail specification for Telecom application, the related standards have to be considered.
Relays of non-standardized types and construction:
Applicable for all Telecom Relays that are not covered by
another standard (MT4 relay).
IEC61811-52 - Blank detail specification for Telecom
Relays with two changeover contacts, 20 mm x 10 mm
base: Defines the characteristics of the 2nd Generation
Telecom Relays (MT2 relay).
IEC61811-53 - Blank detail specification for Telecom
Relays with two changeover contacts, 14 mm x 9 mm
base: Defines the characteristics of the 3rd generation of
Telecom Relays – flat or low profile type (FP2 relay).
IEC61811-54 - Blank detail specification for Telecom Fig. 29: Safety standards
28
The determination of the required insulation system for
telecommunication applications is given in simplified form
in Fig. 29.
· define types of circuits to be insulated (SELV, TNV,
etc.) and the working voltage level
· determine the circuit type (primary/secondary)
· determine pollution degree (usually outside =2,
inside relay =1)
· determine transient voltage level
· determine clearance and creepage distances
· determine required dielectric and/or impulse
voltage testing
Fig. 31: Manufacturers and users influences on the
Defining the insulation system needs some practice. In reliability of relays.
case of questions, contact AXICOM application
engineering. Although Telecom and Signal Relays are based on a
complex and highly precise electromechanical system
XI. Reliability containing moving parts, they are considered to be extremely
reliable because:
Definition: The reliability expresses the probability of a · they can operate even in harsh environments
relay continuing to meet the specified requirements over · they have a large switching range from µV and µA to A
a given period of time or a given number of operations. and 250V
Like most other electrical and electronic components, the · they have a low contact resistance in the closed state
failure rate of relays is not constant during the entire (mW) and high insulation resistance in the open state
lifetime. The expected failure rate ? dependent on the (MW)
number of operations is shown in the bathtub curve · they have a high insulation between coil and contacts
(Fig. 30). (>2500) V and between open contacts (up to 2500V)
· they are easy to use
- they are cost effective
As shown in Fig. 31, the reliability of relays is influenced by
the manufacturer and the user.
A Characteristic values for reliability
The failure rate l is given in number of failures per time or

per number of switching operations.
MTBF Mean time between failures (time related)

Fig. 30: Bathtub curve MTBFC Mean cycles between failures (operations
related)
The bathtub curve is divided into 3 phases:
Early failure period: Suppliers try to prevent this phase by
The MTBF value is the mean time until a failure occurs. It is
using quality assurance measurements. Typical failures in
the reciprocal value to the failure rate and is given in hours:
this phase are:
· particles from manufacturing
MTBF = 1/l
· impact from the (SMD) solder process
Constant failure rate period: During this phase, the failure
Typical values for Telecom Relays in monitored applications
rate is constant and very low. Only random failures without
are:
any specific related reason will happen.
l < 4 FIT (10-9 hours)
Wear-out failure period: Telecom and Signal Relays are
MTBF > 30 000 years
built for a typical lifetime of 25 years. In most applications
the wear-out phase is never reached. The most probable
In most cases only the MTBF value is given.
reasons for the end of life failure of a relay are:
· contact erosion
· increase of contact resistance
· parameter drift (functional voltages, timing)
29
Relay # Failure Number of Medium rank

B Determination of reliability number operations % (n=40)
i N x 106
1. Weibull curve
11 1 5.3 1.7
The determination of the expected life under determined
15 2 6.0 4.2
conditions can be done according IEC60255-23 by using a
4 3 7.1 6.6
graphic method.
2 4 7.9 9.1
In practice during the IECQ/CECC tests, extended life tests
are performed on a regular basis. From the values obtained,
Tab.8: Weilbull distribution data
the Weibull chart is drawn and the characteristic values are
determined. ➝ Nc = 11.5 . 106 operations
ß = -4.95
Example: IM relay Mean µ = 0.935 . 106 =
10.75 . 106 operations
Contact load: CA0 Standard deviation s = 0.16 . 11.5 106 =
Number of operations: 8 million. 1.84 . 106 operations
NC is the number of operations where 62.3 % of
the relays have failed.
ß.. shape parameter gives an indication of
which type of failure occurred.
ß < 1 early failures
ß = 1 random failures
ß > 1 wear-out failures
Remark: According to the IEC detail specifications, during

extended assessment three times the defined number of
operations must be performed. For a correct determination
of the Weibull curve at least 10 failures should be recorded.
Due to the excellent performance of electromechanical
relays, the required number of failures often are not reached
within a suitable test period.
C Theoretical determination
The theoretical determination is given in the IEC60979

standard. The basic idea behind this is a stress model. Based
on an expected reliability under reference conditions, the
following stress types are considered to have an impact on
the reliability:
· type of electrical load
· switching rate
· temperature
λ = λref · pES · pS · pT
λ is the failure rate under operating conditions

λref is the failure rate under reference conditions
pES is the electrical stress factor
p S is the switching rate factor
pT is the temperature factor
30
XII. Quality system · the quality system must meet the requirements of ISO
9000: 2000
Customer satisfaction, profitability and market leadership · the manufacturing processes or procedures have been
are driven in large part by delivering quality products and assessed and approved
services to customers. To achieve these targets is the goal · suppliers declaration of product conformity under third-
of the AXICOM quality system. Continuous improvement in party supervision
the quality level is necessary to meet the customers’
expectations. The system is based on the two basic elements of
An overview of the quality relevant factors is given in standardization and certification.
Fig. 33.
1. Standardization
IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) provides a

full range of international valid and well-maintained
standards, which are the base for the certification of
electronic components.
Within this system, blank detail specifications are provided
which allows the generation of detail specifications for
specific products. These blank detail specifications, which
contain the technical description and requirements for
inspection, testing and release of components. A detail
specification is usually written by a supplier/user of this
type of components. It is permitted to add additional tests
and to increase the requirements – but never to relax them.
Fig. 33: Quality relevant factors.
2. Certification
In order to achieve the required quality, many different
For Telecom Relays certified within the IECQ/CECC system
factors must be considered. System requirements have to
– the Qualification Approval is applicable to a component
be fulfilled in order to guarantee a well-organized process.
which meets the requirements of an accepted detail
Nevertheless, the best quality system is no guarantee for
specification. The approval consists of two major parts.
high quality products with a low rate of defectives.
a) Manufacture’s approval
The quality system of AXICOM consists of following:
The basis for this approval is the ISO 9000 certificate.
Additionally, the manufacturer’s approval establishes the
· Quality system according ISO 9000: 2000
obligation to be informed about all process and material
· IECQ / CECC Manufacturer Approval
modifications in relay manufacturing. The necessary actions
· Product Qualification
are defined between the certification body and the
· IECQ 160501 ... 160505
manufacturer.
· CECC 16501 ... 16505
· Safety Approvals
· UL 508 / UL 1950
· CSA
· IEC/EN 60950
A IECQ/CECC SYSTEM
IECQ and CECC are identical quality confirmation systems

for electronic components with reciprocally recognized
certificates. While the ISO9000 system is covering the
quality system requirements, the IECQ/CECC system is
focused on product performance and quality.
To be certified by the IECQ/CECC system, the following
points must be fulfilled:
Fig. 34: Flow chart for IECQ/CECC approved components.
31
Test Time sequence Allowed which must include at least the requirements from the blank
every 1 2 # of detail specification.
week year year failure
The production of the related relay must be stabilized, which
Visual inspection x x x 0/2
means the yield in manufacturing must be better than 90%.
Coil resistance x x x 0/2
Contact-circuit resistance x x x 0/2
As a normal procedure for a third party approval, an external
Functional tests x x x 0/2
inspector from an approval authority supervises the entire
Timing tests x x x 0/2
process. An overview is given in Fig. 34.
Sealing x x x 0/2
The relays that have passed the final test are taken directly
Check of dimensions x x x 0/2
from the line or stock. Therefore, the sample is
Contact dynamic
representative for the actual production. The relays are
dielectric test x x x 0/2
divided into test groups and tested according to the valid
Electrical end.,
detail specification. On most tests, zero failures are allowed
miss-free accept. x x x 0/2
(Tab. 9), which means that during the entire test series, no
Solderability x x x 0
failures nor values outside the defined limits are allowed.
Dielectric test x x 0
After successful finalization of all tests, a publicly available
Impulse voltage test x x 0
test report is made, an approval certificate is issued and the
Insulation resistance x x 0
products can be marked as IECQ/CECC approved
Sealing x 0
components.
El. End., cable load x x 0
With the successful qualification a whole range of further
El. End., rated contact
activities are established. In addition to the final tests, a
voltage x 0
weekly sample has to be taken to check the most important
El. End., rated contact
characteristics (Fig. 34). Every six months, a quality
current x 0
inspection, including the most important endurance tests,
El. End., cont.appl.0 x x 0
dielectric and impulse voltage tests, etc. has to be performed
Thermal endurance x 0
under the same conditions as the qualification approval.
Climatic sequence x 0
Every two years, a full requalification must be performed.
Damp heat steady state x 0
Material changes and process changes during the product
Robustness of terminals x 0
life are approved during the quality inspections performed
Shock x 0
every six months. Missing one of the quality inspections
Vibration x 0
means losing the qualification approval and the right to mark
Mechanical endurance x 0
the relays with the IECQ or CECC logo.
Overload current x 0
Overload voltage x 0
Magnetic interference x 0
Resistance to cleaning
solvents x 0 c) Advantages of the IECQ/CECC system
Fire hazard x 0 The IECQ/CECC system provides following advantages to
Weighing x 0 both supplier and customer:
Thermal resistance x 0 · Approved relays are according to international standards.
Rapid change of Therefore multiple sources for the same or similar
temperature x 0 products can be expected.
Resistance to soldering heat x 0 · For product qualification supervised Qualification
Contact-circuit resist. Approval Test Reports are provided. Hence the cost for a
stability x 1 product qualification can be reduced considerably, as
none or a reduced number of tests have to be performed
Tab. 9: Tests and allowed defects for the periodically by the customer.
performed quality inspection tests. Although a · The third party assessments are impartial, applying
single failure is permitted during qualification transparent procedures and are carried out by unbiased
approval on one test, during the quality inspection persons free from either the seller’s or buyer’s desires.
tests, AQL levels are still used. · Assessed quality relays are suitable for ship to line or
ship to stock – no incoming inspection is necessary.
b) Qualification approval · Due to regular checks of all relay parameters, supervised
After having the manufacturer’s approval, the qualification by an independent organization, a high and steady quality
approval process can start. In the first step, the manufacturer level can be guaranteed.
has to write or to use an already existing detail specification, · A continuous monitoring of the characteristic is ensured.
32
3.Quality level The quality is determined by:
The quality level is defined by the AOQL (Average Outgoing · design to manufacturing process
Quality Level). · high precision individual parts
· stable production processes
AOQL = # of shipped relays / # of failed relays x 106 · robust packaging and careful transportation
The AOQL is given in ppm (parts per million). The quality level is measured by
· internal testing and product audits
Usually the AOQL level only considers significant failures of · customer feedback
the relay, which prevent the relay from performing its planned
function such as not opening or not closing contacts, etc. An AOQL of maximum 25 ppm can be expected on an
existing product. AXICOM’s target is to achieve zero defects.
Fig. 35: Overview of the quality assurance system applied to the manufacturing of the new generation IM relay.
33
XIII. Glossary Depending on the contact material and contact dynamic,

this current can be higher than the maximum switching
Technical relay terms are used differently around the world. voltage because the peak current is very short.
Depending on the relay application and the relay supplier,
you will face a variety of terms. For this catalog, we prefer Changeover contact, Form C
using technical terms according to IEC/EN 60 255 Contact configuration with make and break contact.
Part 1-00 as well as terms used in American English. Changing the switch position opens the closed contact first
and then closes the formerly open contact.
A
Clearance distance
Adjacent contact Shortest distance in air between two conductive elements.
Electrically isolated contact sets of different poles.
Coil resistance
Ambient temperature Electrical resistance of the energized coil, not including a
Temperature in the direct environment of the relay. parallel device for ➝ coil suppression.
Arc Coil suppression circuit

Plasma current flow between opening relay contacts. An Circuit to reduce the inductive switch off voltage peak of the
arc is enabled by the electric power of the load circuit (turn relay coil (EMC protection, switch off voltage peak). Note
off spark) ionizing the gas between the contacts. The that most of the circuits reduce the armature release speed,
stability of the arc depends on various parameters such as which can decrease the relay lifetime, especially for diodes
contact material, air pressure, contact gap, etc. An arc in parallel to the coil. Further information is available on
produces high temperature locally causing contact erosion. request.
In cases of strong erosion, arc suppression becomes
necessary. Contact
The contact is made out of contact material and can consist
Caution: If the contact load exceeds the maximum switching of several different material layers. It is a part of the contact
power or the ➝ load limit curve, an arc of infinite duration set where the electrical load circuit is opened or closed.
could occur. Due to the high power consumption in the arc,
the relay will be destroyed. Contact carrier
Conductive metal part of the relay where the contact is
B attached.
Bifurcated contact Contact configuration

Contact type with two contact studs per contact spring. Both Configuration of the relay switch (make, break or changeover
contacts work in parallel, switch as far as possible at the contact). According to the application, various contact
time and are mechanically largely independent of each other. configurations are used (Tab. 10).
This ensures that contact reliability is considerably increased, SP = Single Pole
preferred for the switching of smaller currents and voltages. DP = Double Pole
ST = Single Throw
Bistable Relay DT = Double Throw
Same as ➝ latching relay. NO = Normally Open
NC = Normally Closed
Bounce time Contacts which are moved by the armature system are called
The time from the first to the last closing or opening of a moveable contacts, and non-moving contacts are called
relay contact. stationary contacts.
Break contact, Form B

Also called NC contact. The break contact is closed in the
release state of a non-latching relay and opens (breaks)
when the armature moves to the core (operate state).
Capacitive load
Switching on a capacitive load results in high in-rush current.
34
• Palladium-nickel, gold covered
• Ruthenium
As the load rating for a contact depends on the relay design

(e.g. contact force and contact dynamic), the specification
of one relay type cannot be simply transferred to another.
Tab. 10: Contact configurations
Contact erosion
Material loss at the contact surfaces, for example due to
material evaporation by an ➝ arc or material transfer.
Contact force
Force between closed contact surfaces.
Contact gap Fig. 36: Suitable loads for contact materials

Gap between the contact surfaces of an open contact pair.
Contact resistance (voltage drop)
Contact material This term is not literally correct because it implies more
For relays a variety of contact materials are in use. They than the contact itself. What is meant is the electrical
operate under a wide range of loads in terms of voltage and resistance between the relay load terminals while the
current. respective contact is closed. The resistance can be obtained
Inductive loads can cause high switch-off voltages and strong from the ratio of the voltage drop across the relay and the
arcs, capacitors create inrush current peaks. Arcs and load current (Ohm’s law). Due to slight contact corrosion,
improper ➝ coil suppression can reduce the lifetime of a the contact voltage drop can be higher for small load
contact. So far, no universal contact material is known that currents. For loads in the ampere range, the heat generated
can be used on all load types with optimum performance. by the current locally evaporates the surface layer (➝ fritting),
Contact manufacturers, relay developers, and users have reducing the resistance.
established the following criteria to describe a contact:
Contact set
· electrical resistance and stability Comprises all contacts in a relay.
· resistance to contact erosion
· resistance to material transfer Creepage distance
· resistance to welding Shortest distance on the surface of an insulating material
between two conductive elements.
These criteria can be used to classify the most important
contact materials according to their performance as shown Cycle time
in Fig. 36. Sum of make and break (i. e.: on and off) time of a contact
Contact materials especially suitable for telecom and signal pair (Fig. 37).
loads are:
· Gold
· Silver, gold covered
· Silver-nickel, gold covered
· Silver-palladium, gold covered
· Palladium-ruthenium, gold covered
35
Fritting
Electrical breakdown which can occur under special
conditions (voltage, current) whenever thin contact films
prevent electrical conductivity between closed contacts.
Fritting is a process which generates (A-fritting) and / or
Fig. 37: Cycle time widens (B-fritting) a conducting current path through such a
thin film on a contact surface. (R. Holm, Electric Contacts,
D 4th edition, 1967, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg/New
York).
Degree of protection
Ratings, for example as defined in IEC 60529, indicating I
how completely a cover, seal, etc. protects against water,
humidity, dust, direct contact, etc. Immersion cleanable / sealed relay
Relays that are sealed against the penetration of specified
Drop Test PCB cleaners or lacquers. The protection class according
Relays are dropped from a specified height onto a solid IEC 60529 is IP 67 or RT III according to IEC 61810-7
ground. This should simulate the resistance to bad handling, respectively.
e.g. a fall from a table.
Dry switching Inductive load

The relay contact switches no load or a very small electrical Inductive and AC loads reduce the expected lifetime
load ( =10 mA, =30 mV). depending on the power factor cos(j ) (Fig. 38). The
application of a suitable spark suppression can increase the
Dustproof reduction factor to nearly one.
Covered but non-sealed relay, featuring protection class IP
54 according to IEC 60529 or RT I according to IEC 61810-
7 respectively.
Duty cycle
The ratio between the switch on time and total cycle time
during periodical switching (Fig. 37). 50% duty cycle means
the switch on time equals the switch off time.
Electrical endurance
Number of load switching operations a relay can perform
without failure. The lifetime varies with the load.
If not stated otherwise, the reference values shown in this
catalog apply to resistive loads. Fig. 38: Reduction of lifetime at inductive loads
Environmental endurance Industrial atmosphere

Generic term for the relay endurance under different climatic Atmosphere carrying dust and certain industrial exhaust
conditions. Appropriate test conditions are classified in IEC gases (sulfur, chlorine, and nitrogen compounds at certain
60068. humidity levels).
Energizing value, coil power K

A current applied through the relay coil to generate a
magnetic field to move the armature. The energizing value K-factors
is the product of the coil current and the number of wire The KI -factor is used to determine the minimum operate
turns of the coil. voltage U I and the KII -factor is used to determine the
maximum voltage UII for a certain ambient temperature.
36
L Limiting continuous current.
The highest current (effective value for AC loads) a relay
Latching relay can carry under specified conditions without exceeding its
In a latching relay, after the input voltage is disconnected, specified ? upper limit temperature.
the contacts remain in the last switch position reached.
M
Limiting continuous current
Maximum permissible current carried by the relay contacts Make contact, Form A
at maximum ambient temperatures. Exceeding this value Also called NO contact. Contact is open in the release state
usually leads to thermal damage. of a non-latching relay and closes (makes) when the relay
coil is energized (➝ operate state).
Load limit curves
Switching limit for DC voltage and resistive loads (Fig. 39). Maximum coil temperature
The load limit curves usually are measured with low- The coil temperature depends on the ambient temperature,
inductive resistors. The load limit curves depend on the relay the power dissipation of the operated coil and the contact
design (contact gap, contact material, armature release carrying current. It should not exceed the specified limit.
speed, etc.). Contact erosion and relay lifetime vary with
different voltage / current values. Load limit curves are much Maximum continuous (carrying) current
more important for Automotive and General Purpose / ➝ Limiting continuous current.
Power Relays than for Telecom and Signal Relays.
Maximum continuous thermal load at 23 °C
Load limit curve for arc-free switching Maximum coil power consumption of a relay at continuous
Load voltage / current combinations below this load limit load operation at room temperature where the relay does
curve usually cause no arc at all. not exceed the specified maximum permissible coil
temperature.
Load limit curve (I)
The switch off arc of all NO loads below this load limit curve Maximum permissible coil temperature.
extinguishes during the ➝ transit time of the moving contact. Maximum coil temperature during operation that does not
This limit is important for change over relays, when the reduce the specified lifetime of the relay in a certain
stationary NC and NO contacts are at different voltage levels. application.
The maximum switching power for Telecom and Signal
Relays is always below low limit curve (I) for the specified Maximum switching current
load voltage and current range. Maximum permissible current switched by the relay
contacts. Exceeding this value usually leads to electrical
Load limit curve (II) failures. See also electrical endurance and load limit curve.
The switch off arc of the NO loads below this curve
extinguishes within 10 ms (the relay is already in release Maximum switching power
position). The curve applies to relays with only a make or a Maximum permissible power switched by the relay contacts.
break contact. Caution: This is not the product of maximum switching
current and maximum switching voltage (➝ load limit curve).
Maximum switching voltage

Maximum permissible voltage switched by the relay
contacts. Exceeding this value usually leads to electrical
failures. See also electrical endurance and load limit curve.
Maximum voltage UII

Maximum coil voltage at 23°C, at which the coil reaches
the specified maximum permissible temperature without
contact load. Maximum operate voltages for the specified
temperature range can be calculated by multiplication with
the KII factor.
Mechanical endurance
Number of load free relay switching operations without
Fig. 39: Load limit curve failure.
37
Minimum operate voltage UI (must operate voltage)

Voltage that a relay must operate at 23°C. Minimum operate
voltages for the specified temperature range can be
calculated by multiplication with the KI factor.
Minimum release voltage (must release voltage)

Voltage that a non-latching relay must release at 23°C.
Monostable relay
Same as ➝ non-latching relay.
Moveable contact
Moving contact during switching operation. Moveable
contact is mounted on the armature / spring system.
NC contact
Same as break contact. The break contact is closed in the
release state of a non-latching relay and opens (breaks)
when the armature moves to the core (see operate state).
NO contact
Same as make contact. Contact is open in the release state
of a non-latching relay and closes (makes) when the relay
coil is energized (see operate state).
Nominal power consumption

Is defined with rated coil resistance and rated voltage
respectively at 23°C.
Nominal values Operate time

See rated values. Time from energizing the relay coil till the first make of the
NO contact. See relay time characteristics Fig. 40. The
Non-latching relay operate time is given as a typical value in each section of
Single side stable relay that returns to a defined release general data in this catalog. As the coil resistance depends
state after the coil is de-energized. on the ambient temperature, the operate time varies with
the operate voltage and the ambient temperature. For
Non-operating current / voltage principal behavior, see Fig. 41.
Coil current / voltage at which an individual relay coil does
not operate.
Non-polarized relay
The relay coil works independently of the polarity of the
applied voltage.
Non-release current / voltage

Coil current / voltage at which a monostable relay does not
release.
Operate
Relay switching process from the release state (NC contact
closed) to the operate state (NO contact closed). Fig. 41: Operate time depends on temperature and coil
voltage
38
Operate current / voltage / power Reset current / voltage
Coil current / voltage / power at which a relay operates. Coil current / voltage at which a ➝ latching relay switches
back to the reset position (normally the same value as for
Operation the operate voltage).
In tests, a whole switching cycle including energizing and
de-energizing of the relay coil. Room temperature (RT)
A standardized value for the ambient temperature. In this
P catalog room ambient temperature means 23 °C ± 3 °C.
Polarized relay S
The magnet system uses a permanent magnet to make the
relay more sensitive. It also enables a latching function of Sealed relay
the relay. The coil has to be energized with the correct Relays that are sealed against the penetration of specified
polarity to switch the relay. PCB cleaners or lacquers. (➝ dust protected or degree of
protection; ➝ relay protection classes for soldering
R processes and immersion cleanable)
Rated values (voltage, current, resistance, etc.) Shock resistance

Standard values, the relay is designed for. They are used to The ability of a relay to operate properly during or after
classify different relays. mechanical shock acceleration. The test procedure is
described in IEC 60068-2-27.
Relay protection classes for soldering processes
Protection classes are classified according to IEC 60529 for Single contact
enclosures (IP code) or according to the relay specific IEC Contact configuration with single contact pieces (in
61810-7 (RT code). opposition to ➝ bifurcated contacts).
Class IP 54 or RT I: Non-sealed relays which are protected Spark suppression

against flux by their base plate and cover (➝ dustproof). Reduction of the arc energy between moveable and
Class IP 67 or RT III: describes sealed relays (➝ immersion stationary contact during switching.
cleanable).
Stationary contact
Relay time characteristics Non-moveable contact, mounted on a contact carrier which
Due to the inertia of a magnetic coil and the limited speed is directly connected to a relay terminal.
of the armature movement, various characteristic relay
times can be defined as shown in Fig. 40. Surge voltage resistance
Amplitude of a voltage impulse of short duration with a
Release specified impulse form and polarity that is applied to test
Switching process of a relay from the operate state (NO insulation paths in the relay, especially where relays are
contact closed) to the release state (NO contact opened or subjected to overvoltages caused by lightning. The shape
NC contact closed). of the pulse is defined by the height of the voltage and two
time values. Thefirst value is the rise time to 0.9*Upeak and
Release current / voltage the second value is the decrease time to 0.5*Upeak, e.g.
Coil current / voltage at which a ➝ non-latching relay 2500 V (2 / 10 us).
releases.
Release state (normal position)

Switch position of a ➝ non-latching, non-energized relay.
Release time (drop time)

Time interval between de-energizing the coil of a ➝ non-
latching relay and the first make of the NC contact. The
release time is given as a typical value in each section of
general data in this catalog.
39
Switching current
Current switched by the relay contact.
Switching rate
Number of operations (contact closings and openings) per
second. The rated ”maximum switching rate” is measured
for load free switching at ambient room temperature and
no coil suppression device parallel to the coil.
Switching voltage
Voltage between the relay contacts before closing or after
opening the contacts.
Switch off voltage peak of the relay coil
Induced voltage peak caused by the collapsing magnetic
field of a de-energizing relay coil. The product of the coil
current and the resistance of the device parallel to the coil
give the amplitude of the switch off voltage approximately.
Test voltage / dielectric test voltage / dielectric strength

Voltage applied during dielectric (high voltage) tests
between intentionally not electrical connected parts of the
relay.
Thermal resistance
Relay parameter measured in Kelvin per Watt, which relates
the consumed power with the respective temperature
increase. Without load and parallel resistor, the thermal
resistance of a coil multiplied with its power consumption
(at the actual coil temperature) gives the temperature
increase of the coil above ambient temperature.
Thermoelectric potential
Voltage at the relay terminals of a closed contact resulting
from a temperature difference of the different metal
junctions (terminal, spring, contacts...) inside the relay.
Transit time
The movement time of the armature during when both (NC
and NO) contacts of a changeover relay are open (➝ relay
time characteristics, Fig. 40).
Twin contacts
See double contacts.
Vibration resistance
The ability of a relay to operate properly during a limited
time of mechanical vibration.
Voltage drop
See contact resistance.
40
IM Relay
Slim line AND low profile

2 pole telecom/signal relay, polarized
Through Hole Types (THT), standard version
with 5.08 mm, narrow version with 3.2 mm between
the terminal rows
or
Surface Mount Type (SMT)
Relay types: non-latching with 1 coil
latching with 1 coil
Features
- Telecom/signal relay (dry circuit, test access, ringing)

- Slim line10 x 6 mm, 0.39 x 0.24 inch
- Low profile 5.65 mm, 0.222 inch
- Minimum board-space 60 mm2
- Switching current 2 A
- 2 changeover contacts (2 form C / DPDT)
- Bifurcated contacts, gold plated
- High sensitivity results in low nominal power consumption
140 mW for non latching
100 mW for latching version
- High surge capability (1.2/50 µs and 10/700 µs) meets
Bellcore GR 1089, FCC Part 68 and ITU-T K20
³1500 V between open contacts
³ 2500 V between coil and contacts
- High mechanical shock resistance
up to 300 G functional
up to 500 G survival
Typical applications:
- Communications equipment
Linecard application – analog, ISDN, xDSL,
PABX
Voice over IP
- Office and business equipment
- Measurement and control equipment
- Consumer electronics
Set top boxes, HiFi
CSA-C22.2 No. 14-95 File No. 169679-1079886
- Medical equipment CSA-C22.2 No. 950-95
Options:
UL 508 File No. E111441
Surge capability ³ 2500 V between open contacts UL 1950 3rd ed.
CECC 16501-003
Insulation category:
Supplementary insulation according IEC/EN 60950 and UL 1950

Working voltage £ 300 Vrms QC 160501-CH0001
Mains supply voltage SMT: 250 Vrms
THT: 200 Vrms
IEC/EN60950 IEC Ref. Cert. No. 1176
Repetitive peak voltage 2500 V
Pollution degree: External: 2
Internal: 1
Flammability classification: V-0
Maximum operating temperature: 85°C
42
IM Relay
Dimensions
IM THT IM THT IM SMT IM SMT

Standard Narrow Gull Wings J-Legs
mm inch mm inch mm inch
L 10 ±0.08 0.393 ±0.003 10 ±0.08 0.393 ±0.003 10 ±0.08 0.393 ±0.003 10 ±0.08 0.393 ±0.003
W 6 ±0.08 0.236 ±0.003 5.7 ±0.3 0.224 ±0.012 6 ±0.08 0.236 ±0.003 6 ±0.08 0.236 ±0.003
H 5.65 -0.2 0.222 -0.008 5.85 -0.15 0.230 -0.006 5.65 -0.2 0.222 -0.008 5.65 -0.2 0.222 -0.008
T 3.2 0.125 3.2 0.125 N/A N/A N/A N/A
T1 N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.5 ±0.3 0.295 ±0.011 2.8 ±0.2 0.110 ±0.007
T2 5.08±0.1 0.200 ±0.004 3.2±0.1 0.126 ±0.006 5.08 ±0.1 0.200 ±0.004 5.08 ±0.1 0.200 ±0.004
D1 3.2 ±0.15 0.126 ±0.006 3.2 ±0.15 0.126 ±0.006 3.2 ±0.15 0.126 ±0.006 3.2 ±0.15 0.126 ±0.006
D2 2.2 ±0.15 0.087 ±0.006 2.2 ±0.15 0.087 ±0.006 2.2 ±0.15 0.087 ±0.006 2.2 ±0.15 0.087 ±0.006
Tw 0.4 0.015 0.4 0.015 0.4 0.015 0.4 0.015
S 0.3 ±0.05 0.011 ±0.002 0.3 ±0.05 0.011 ±0.002 N/A N/A N/A N/A
THT Version SMT Version

Standard version Narrow version Gull Wings J Legs
Mounting hole layout Solder pad layout

View onto the component side of the PCB View onto the component side of the PCB
(top view) (top view)
Standard version Narrow version Gull Wings J Legs
Ø min. 0.75
Terminal assignment
Relay - top view
Non-latching type, Latching type, 1 coil

not energized condition reset condition
43
IM Relay
Coil Data (values at 23°C)

Nominal Operate/set voltage range Release/ Nominal power Resistance Relay code
voltage reset voltage consumption
Unom Minimum Maximum Minimum
voltage UI voltage UII
Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc mW W / ± 10 %
non-latching
1 coil
1.5 1.13 3.4 0.15 140 16 IM00

3 2.1 6.8 0.30 140 64 IM01
4.5 3.15 10.3 0.45 140 145 IM02
5 3.5 11.4 0.50 140 178 IM03
6 4.2 13.7 0.60 140 257 IM04
9 6.3 20.4 0.90 140 574 IM05
12 8.4 27.3 1.20 140 1028 IM06
24 16.8 45.6 2.40 200 2880 IM07
latching
1 coil
1.5 1.13 4.1 - 1.13 100 23 IM40
3 2.25 8.1 - 2.25 100 90 IM41
4.5 3.38 12.1 - 3.38 100 203 IM42
5 3.75 13.5 - 3.75 100 250 IM43
6 4.5 16.2 - 4.50 100 360 IM44
9 6.75 24.2 - 6.75 100 810 IM45
12 9.00 32.3 - 9.00 100 1440 IM46
24 18.00 41.9 - 18.00 200 2880 IM47
Further coil versions are available on request.
UI = Minimum voltage at 23° C after pre-energizing

with nominal voltage without contact current

UI tamb = KI · UI 23° C
and
UII tamb = KIl · UIl 23° C
44
IM Relay
Contact Data
Number of contacts and type 2 changeover contacts
Contact assembly Bifurcated contacts
Contact material Palladium-ruthenium, gold-covered
Limiting continuous current at max. ambient temperature 2A
Maximum switching current 2A
Maximum swichting voltage 220 Vdc
250 Vac
Maximum switching capacity 60 W, 62.5 VA
Thermoelectric potential < 10 mV
Initial contact resistance / measuring condition: 10 mA / 20 mV < 50 mW
Electrical endurance at contact application 0
(£ 30 mV / £ 10 mA) min. 2.5 x 106 operations
cable load open end min. 2.0 x 106 operations
Resistive load at 125Vdc / 0.24 A - 30 W min. 5 x 105 operations
at 220 Vdc / 0.27 A - 60 W min. 1 x 105 operations
at 250 Vac / 0.25 A - 62.5 VA min. 1 x 105 operations
at 30 Vdc / 1 A - 30 W min. 5 x 105 operations
at 30 Vdc / 2 A - 60 W min. 1 x 105 operations
Mechanical endurance typ. 108 operations
UL/CSA ratings 30 Vdc / 2 A
220 Vdc / 0.27 A
120 Vdc / 0.5 A
250 Vac / 0.25 A
Insulation Standard Version High Dielectric Version

Insulation resistance at 500 VDC > 10 W
9
> 109 W
Dielectric test voltage (1 min)
between coil and contacts 1800 Vrms 1800 Vrms
between adjacent contact sets 1000 Vrms 1800 Vrms
between open contacts 1000 Vrms 1500 Vrms
Surge voltage resistance

according to Bellcore TR-NWT-001089 (2 / 10 ms)
between coil and contacts 2500 V 2500 V
between adjacent contact sets 1500 V 2500 V
between open contacts 1500 V 2500 V
according to FCC 68 (10 / 160 ms)
High Frequency Data

Capacitance
between coil and contacts max. 2 pF
between adjacent contact sets max. 2 pF
between open contacts max. 1 pF
RF Characteristics
Isolation at 100 / 900 MHz - 37.0 dB / - 18.8 dB
Insertion loss at 100 / 900 MHz - 0.03 dB / - 0.33 dB
V.S.W.R. at 100 / 900 MHz 1.06 / 1.49
* High Dielectric Version „C“
45
IM Relay
General data
Operate time at Unom typ. / max. 1 ms / 3 ms
Reset time (latching) at Unom , typ. / max. 1 ms /3 ms
Release time without diode in parallel (non-latching), typ. / max. 1 ms / 3 ms
Release time with diode in parallel (non-latching), typ. / max. 3 ms / 5 ms
Bounce time at closing contact, typ. / max. 1 ms / 5 ms
Maximum switching rate without load 50 operations/s
Ambient temperature -40° C ... +85° C
Thermal resistance < 150 K/W
Maximum permissible coil temperature 125° C
Vibration resistance (function) 20 G
10 to 1000 Hz
Shock resistance, half sinus, 11 ms 50 G (function)
half sinus, 0.5 ms 500 G (damage)
Degree of protection immersion cleanable, IP 67
Needle flame test application time 20 s, no burning and glowing
Mounting position any
Processing information Ultrasonic cleaning is not recommended
Weight (mass) max. 0.75 g
Resistance to soldering heat 260° C / 10 s
All data refers to 23° C unless otherwise specified.
Recommended soldering conditions

Soldering conditions according CECC 00802
10 sec
20 - 40 sec Full line: typical

Dotted line: process limits max. 245° C
215° C
215° C
ca. 40 sec
180° C 180° C
Temperature °C
Temperature °C
130° C forced 130° C

external preheating cooling
100° C
Full line: typical
Time (s) Time (s)
Vapor Phase Soldering: Temperature/Time Profile Infrared Soldering: Temperature/Time Profile

(Lead Temperature) (Lead Temperature)
46
IM Relay
Packing Dimensions in mm
Tube for THT version - 50 relays per tube, 1000 relays per box
Tape and reel for SMT version - 1’000 relays / reel, 1’000 or 5’000 relays / box
Reel dimension
47
IM Relay
Ordering Information
Relay Code Tyco Relay Code Tyco

Part Number Part Number
IM00GR 3-1462037-7 IM07TS 3-1462037-0
IM00JR 3-1462037-9 IM07NS 1-1462038-7
IM00TS 3-1462037-5 IM40GR 5-1462037-1
IM00NS 1-1462038-0 IM40JR 5-1462037-2
IM01GR 0-1462037-1 IM40TS 5-1462037-0
IM01CGR 0-1462038-4 IM40NS 1-1462038-8
IM01JR 4-1462037-0 IM41GR 5-1462037-4
IM01TS 0-1462037-4 IM41JR 5-1462037-5
IM01NS 1-1462038-1 IM41TS 5-1462037-3
IM02GR 0-1462037-9 IM41NS 1-1462038-9
IM02CGR 0-1462038-1 IM42GR 3-1462037-1
IM02JR 1-1462037-1 IM42JR 5-1462037-7
IM02TS 1-1462037-3 IM42TS 5-1462037-6
IM02NS 1-1462038-2 IM42NS 2-1462038-0
IM03GR 1-1462037-4 IM43GR 5-1462037-9
IM03CGR 0-1462038-2 IM43JR 6-1462037-0
IM03JR 1-1462037-6 IM43TS 5-1462037-8
IM03TS 1-1462037-8 IM43NS 2-1462038-1
IM03NS 1-1462038-3 IM44GR 6-1462037-2
IM04GR 4-1462037-2 IM44JR 6-1462037-3
IM04JR 4-1462037-4 IM44TS 6-1462037-1
IM04TS 4-1462037-1 IM44NS 2-1462038-2
IM04NS 1-1462038-4 IM45GR 6-1462037-4
IM05GR 3-1462037-4 IM45JR 6-1462037-5
IM05CGR 0-1462038-3 IM45TS 3-1462037-2
IM05JR 4-1462037-5 IM45NS 2-1462038-3
IM05TS 2-1462037-2 IM46GR 6-1462037-7
IM05NS 1-1462038-5 IM46JR 6-1462037-8
IM06GR 2-1462037-3 IM46TS 6-1462037-6
IM06CGR 9-1462037-9 IM46NS 2-1462038-4
IM06JR 4-1462037-6 IM47GR 7-1462037-0
IM06TS 2-1462037-7 IM47JR 7-1462037-1
IM06NS 1-1462038-6 IM47TS 6-1462037-9
IM07GR 4-1462037-7 IM47NS 2-1462038-5
IM07JR 4-1462037-8
48
P2 Relay V23079
2 pole telecom relay, polarized,

Through Hole Type (THT) or
Surface Mount Technology (SMT),
latching with 2 coils
Features
– Standard telecom relay (ringing and test access)
– Slim line 15 x 7.5 mm, 0.590 x 0.295 inch
– Switching current 5 A
– 2 changeover contacts (2 form C / DPDT)
– Bifurcated contacts
– Immersion cleanable
– High sensitivity results in low nominal power consumption
140 mW for non-latching and latching with 2 coils
70 mW for latching with 1 coil
– For single coil version:
- Surge voltage resistance between
contact and coil for single coil version:
- 2.5 kV (2 / 10 µsec) meets the Bellcore Requirement GR-1089
- 1.5 kV (10 / 160 µsec) meets FCC Part 68
Typical applications
– Communications equipment
linecard application (ringing and test access)
PABX
Voice over IP
– Office equipment
– Measurement and control equipment
– Automotive equipment
CAN bus, keyless entry, speaker switch
– Medical equipment
– Consumer electronics
Set Top Boxes, HiFi
Options
– 1500 Vrms between open contacts

– Temperature range up to 105° C
LR 45064-23
E 48393
Basic insulation coil/contacts according to IEC/EN 60950

Clearance > 1 mm
Creepage distance > 2.5 mm
49
P2 Relay V23079
Dimensions
THT THT SMT long terminals SMT long terminals SMT short terminals SMT short terminals
V23079-x1xxx-B301 V23079-x2xxx-B301 V23079-x1xxx-B301 V23079-x2xxx-B301 V23079-x1xxx-B301 V23079-x2xxx-B301
standard coil overmolded coil standard coil overmolded coil standard coil overmolded coil
mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch
L 14.5 ± 0.1 0.570 ± 0.004 14.5 ± 0.1 0.570 ± 0.004 14.5 ± 0.1 0.570 ± 0.004 14.5 ± 0.1 0.570 ± 0.004 14.5 ± 0.1 0.570 ± 0.004 14.5 ± 0.1 0.570 ± 0.004
W 7.2 ± 0.1 0.283 ± 0.004 7.2 ± 0.1 0.283 ± 0.004 7.2 -0.15 0.283 ± 0.004 7.2 -0.15 0.283 ± 0.004 7.2 -0.15 0.283 ± 0.004 7.2 -0.15 0.283 ± 0.004
H 9.8 ± 0.1 0.385 ± 0.004 9.5 ± 0.1 0.374 ± 0.004 10.4 ± 0.15 0.409 ±0.006 9.9 ± 0.1 0.390 ± 0.004 10.4 ± 0.15 0.409 ±0.006 9.9 ± 0.1 0.390 ± 0.004
T 3.25 - 0.25 0.128 -0.010 3.25 - 0.25 0.128 -0.010 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
T1 N/A N/A N/A N/A 5.52 ±0.15 0.217 ±0.006 5.52 0.217 ±0.006 5.52 0.217 ±0.006 5.52 0.217 ±0.006
T2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 9.4 ±0.15 0.370 ±0.006 9.4 ±0.15 0.370 ±0.006 7.4 ±0.15 0.291 ±0.006 7.4 ±0.15 0.291 ±0.006
Tw 0.5 ± 0.05 0.020 ±0.002 0.5 ± 0.05 0.020 ±0.002 0.5 ± 0.05 0.020 ±0.002 0.5 ± 0.05 0.020 ±0.002 0.5 ± 0.05 0.020 ±0.002 0.5 ± 0.05 0.020 ±0.002
S 0.55 - 0.15 0.022 -0.006 0.45 0.018 ±0.002 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Long terminals Short terminals
P2 SMT S

Note: Hole for pin 6 and 7 Note: Solder pad for pin 6 and 7 Note: Solder pad for pin 6 and 7
only for latching with 2 coils only for latching with 2 coils only for latching with 2 coils
Basic grid 2.54 mm
Terminal assignment
Relay - top view
Non-latching type, Latching type, 1 coil Latching type, 2coils

not energized condition reset condition reset condition
50
P2 Relay V23079

Nominal Operate/set voltage range Release/ Nominal power Resistance Coil number
non-latching A1xxx/D1xxx/G1xxx
1 coil A2xxx/D2xxx/G2xxx
3 2.25 6.50 0.30 140 64.3 008

4 3.00 8.70 0.40 140 114 016
4.5 3.375 9.80 0.45 140 145 011
5 3.75 10.90 0.50 140 178 001
6 4.5 13.00 0.60 140 257 002
9 6.75 19.60 0.90 140 578 006
12 9.00 26.15 1.20 140 1029 003
24* 18.00 52.30 2.40 140 4114 005
latching B1xxx/E1xxx/H1xxx
2 coils
3 2.25 6.50 2.25 140 64.3 208
4.5 3.375 9.80 3.375 140 145 211
5 3.75 10.90 3.75 140 178 201
6 4.5 13.00 4.50 140 257 202
9 6.75 19.60 6.75 140 578 206
12 9.00 26.15 9.00 140 1029 203
24 18.00 52.30 18.00 140 4114 205
latching C1xxx/F1xxx/J1xxx
1 coil
3 2.25 9.20 2.25 70 128 108
4.5 3.375 13.85 3.375 70 289 111
5 3.75 15.33 3.75 70 357 101
6 4.5 18.50 4.50 70 514 102
9 6.75 27.75 6.75 70 1157 106
12 9.00 37.00 9.00 70 2057 103
24 18.00 74.00 18.00 70 8228 105
* 24 V only in A1xxx/D1xxx/G1xxx


and
51
P2 Relay V23079
Contact Data
Contact material Silver nickel, gold-covered
250 Vac
Electrical endurance at 12 V / 10 mA typ. 5 x 107 operations
at 6 V / 100 mA typ. 1 x 107 operations
110 Vdc / 0.3 A
120 Vac / 0.5 A
240 Vac / 0.25 A
Insulation
between coil and contacts (Relay with 1 coil) 1500 Vrms
between adjacent contact sets 1000 Vrms
between open contacts 1000 Vrms (1500 Vrms on request)

between coil and contacts (Relay with 1 coil) 2500 V
between adjacent contact sets 2500 V
between open contacts 2000 V
High Frequency Data

Capacitance
between adjacent contact sets max. 1.5 pF
RF Characteristics
V.S.W.R. at 100 / 900 MHz 1.04 / 1.40
52
P2 Relay V23079
General data
Reset time (latching) at Unom , typ. / max. 3 ms / 5 ms
Ambient temperature -40° C ... +85° C (105 ° C on request)
10 to 1000 Hz
150 G (damage)
Needle flame test application time 20 s, burning time < 15 s

10 sec

215° C
215° C
ca. 40 sec
180° C 180° C
Temperature °C
Temperature °C

100° C
Full line: typical
Time (s) Time (s)

53
P2 Relay V23079
Tape and reel for SMT version with long terminals - 400 relays per reel, 2000 relays per box
4 ±0,1
1,75 ±0,1
1,5 ±0,1 2 ±0,1 Section A-A Section B-B

A
11,5 ±0,1
24 ±0,3
15,5 ±0,2
B B
3 max.
10 ±0,2
2,2 0,4 3 max.

A
16 ±0,1 10,5 ±0,1 ECR0915-2
Tape and reel for SMT version with short terminals - 500 relays per reel, 2500 relays per box
4 ±0,1
1,75 ±0,1

A
11,5 ±0,1
24 ±0,3
15,5 ±0,2
B B
3 max.
8 ±0,2
1,5 ±0,1 0,4 3 max.

A
12 ±0,1 10,5 ±0,2 ECR0917-I
Reel dimension
54
P2 Relay V23079

V23079-A1001-B301 0-1393788-3 V23079-E1201-B301 6-1393788-8
V23079-A1002-B301 0-1393788-8 V23079-E1202-B301 0-1393789-5
V23079-A1003-B301 1-1393788-1 V23079-E1203-B301 6-1393788-9
V23079-A1005-B301 1-1393788-6 V23079-E1205-B301 7-1393788-0
V23079-A1006-B301 2-1393788-0 V23079-E1206-B301 0-1393789-9
V23079-A1008-B301 2-1393788-2 V23079-E1208-B301 7-1393788-1
V23079-A1011-B301 2-1393788-4 V23079-E1211-B301 7-1393788-2
V23079-A2001-B301 3-1393789-5 V23079-F1101-B301 7-1393788-3
V23079-A2002-B301 3-1393789-6 V23079-F1102-B301 1-1393789-0
V23079-A2003-B301 3-1393789-7 V23079-F1103-B301 7-1393788-4
V23079-A2005-B301 0-1393790-2 V23079-F1105-B301 1-1393789-1
V23079-A2006-B301 3-1393789-8 V23079-F1106-B301 1-1393789-2
V23079-A2008-B301 6-1419120-6 V23079-F1108-B301 7-1393788-5
V23079-A2011-B301 3-1393789-9 V23079-F1111-B301 1-1393789-4
V23079-B1201-B301 3-1393788-3 V23079-G1001-B301 7-1393788-6
V23079-B1202-B301 3-1393788-5 V23079-G1002-B301 1-1393789-5
V23079-B1203-B301 3-1393788-6 V23079-G1003-B301 7-1393788-7
V23079-B1205-B301 3-1393788-7 V23079-G1005-B301 7-1393788-8
V23079-B1206-B301 3-1393788-9 V23079-G1006-B301 1-1393789-6
V23079-B1208-B301 4-1393788-1 V23079-G1008-B301 8-1393788-0
V23079-B1211-B301 4-1393788-2 V23079-G1011-B301 1-1393789-7
V23079-C1101-B301 4-1393788-5 V23079-G2001-B301 4-1393789-9
V23079-C1102-B301 4-1393788-7 V23079-G2002-B301 5-1393789-0
V23079-C1103-B301 4-1393788-8 V23079-G2003-B301 5-1393789-1
V23079-C1105-B301 5-1393788-0 V23079-G2006-B301 5-1393789-3
V23079-C1106-B301 5-1393788-1 V23079-G2008-B301 5-1393789-4
V23079-C1108-B301 5-1393788-3 V23079-G2011-B301 5-1393789-5
V23079-C1111-B301 5-1393788-4
V23079-D1001-B301 5-1393788-5 V23079-H1201-B301 2-1393789-0
V23079-D1002-B301 5-1393788-6 V23079-H1202-B301 2-1393789-1
V23079-D1003-B301 5-1393788-7 V23079-H1203-B301 8-1393788-3
V23079-D1005-B301 5-1393788-8 V23079-H1205-B301 2-1393789-2
V23079-D1006-B301 5-1393788-9 V23079-H1206-B301 2-1393789-3
V23079-D1008-B301 6-1393788-1 V23079-H1208-B301 2-1393789-4
V23079-D1011-B301 6-1393788-2 V23079-H1211-B301 8-1393788-4
V23079-D2001-B301 4-1393789-3 V23079-J1101-B301 2-1393789-5
V23079-D2002-B301 4-1393789-4 V23079-J1102-B301 2-1393789-6
V23079-D2003-B301 4-1393789-5 V23079-J1103-B301 2-1393789-7
V23079-D2006-B301 4-1393789-6 V23079-J1105-B301 2-1393789-8
V23079-D2008-B301 4-1393789-7 V23079-J1108-B301 2-1393789-9
V23079-D2011-B301 4-1393789-8 V23079-J1111-B301 3-1393789-0
Middle block of relay code

V23079-yyxxx-B301 D1 SMT, long pins, non latching, standard coil
yy : See table below D2 SMT, long pins, non latching, overmolded coil
xxx : See coil table on page 4 E1 SMT, long pins, latching, 2 standard coils
F1 SMT, long pins, latching, 1 standard coil
yy Description G1 SMT, short pins, non latching, standard coil
A1 THT, non latching, standard coil G2 SMT, short pins, non latching, overmolded coil
A2 THT, non latching, overmolded coil H1 SMT, short pins, latching, 2 standard coils
B1 THT, latching, 2 standard coils J1 SMT, short pins, latching, 1 standard coil
C1 THT, latching, 1 standard coil
55
P2 Relay V23079
Option: high dielectric between open contacts
This supplementary data sheet refers to the basic data sheet of the P2 relay series (V23079) with
following additions:
- Dielectric strength 1500 Vrms and surge voltage 2500 V (2/10 µs) between open contacts - as well as between
coil and contacts and between adjacent contact sets
- No latching types and no overmolded coil types available
- SMT version with short terminals as preferred type
- 280 mW nominal coil power
- mechanical and electrical endurance typ. 105 operations
Dimensions
SMT short terminals
V23079-G1xxx-B301
standard coil
mm inch
L 14.5 ± 0.1 0.570 ± 0.004
W 7.2 -0.15 0.283 ± 0.004
H 10.4 ± 0.15 0.409 ±0.006
T1 5.52 0.217 ±0.006
T2 7.4 ±0.15 0.291 ±0.006
Tw 0.5 ± 0.05 0.020 ±0.002
SMT Version
Short terminals
P2 SMT S

Nominal Operate/set voltage range Release/ Nominal power Resistance Relay code
Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc mW W / ± 10 %W / ± 10 %
non-latching V23079-
1 coil
3 2.25 5.0 0.30 280 32.1 G1038-X069

5 3.75 8.3 0.50 280 89.3 G1031-X070
12 9.00 20.0 1.20 280 514.3 G1033-X045
24 18.00 40.0 2.40 280 2057 G1035-X067
Relay Code Tyco

Part Number
V23079-G1031-X070 0-1422005-4
V23079-G1033-X045 0-1422005-2
V23079-G1035-X067 0-1422005-1
V23079-G1038-X069 0-1422005-3
56
FX2 Relay
2 pole telecom / signal relay

Through Hole Type (THT) CSA-C22.2 No. 14-95 File No. 176679-1079886
Polarized, latching or non-latching 1 coil CSA-C22.2 No. 950-95
Versions
UL 508 File No. E111441
– Relay types: sensitive non lachting version with 1 coil
high sensitive non latching version with 1 coil
CECC 16504-002
Features
– Telecom / signal relay (dry circuit, test access, ringing) QC 160504-CH0002

IEC/EN60950 IEC Ref. Cert. No. 1072
– High sensitivity results in low nominal power consumption Insulation category:
80 mW for high sensitive, 140 mW for sensitive version
Supplementary insulation according IEC / EN 60950 and UL 1950
– High dielectric characteristic Working voltage ³ 300 Vrms
³ 1800 Vrms also between open contact Mains supply voltage ³ 250 Vrms
Repetitive peak voltage 2500 V
– High surge capability (1.2 / 50 µs and 10 / 700 µs) meets Pollution degree: Internal: 1
Bellcore GR 1089 and FCC Part 68 External: 2
³ 2500 V between open contacts Flammability classification: V-0
³ 3500 V between coil and contacts Maximum operating temperature: 85 °C
– High mechanical shock

linecard application - analog, ISDN, xDSL, PABX
Voice over IP
– Office and business equipment
Set top boxes, HiFi
57
FX2 Relay
Dimensions THT Version
THT
mm inch
L 14.93 ± 0.08 0.587 ± 0.003

W 7.27 ± 0.08 0.283 ± 0.003
H 10.7 ± 0.08 0.421 ± 0.003
T 3.3 ± 0.3 0.129 ± 0.011
T1 N/A N/A
T2 5.08 ± 0.1 0.200 ± 0.004
Tw 0.5 0.020
S 0.3 ± 0.05 0.011 ± 0.002

View onto the component side of the PCB
(top view)
Basic grid 2.54 mm
Terminal assignment
Relay - top view
Non-latching type, Latching type, 1 coil

not energized condition reset condition
58
FX2 Relay

Nominal Operate/set voltage range Release/ Nominal power Resistance Relay Code
non-latching
1 coil
3 2.1 6.8 0.30 140 64 D 3206

4 2.8 7.6 0.40 140 114 D 3207
4.5 3.15 10.3 0.45 140 145 D 3204
5 3.5 11.4 0.50 140 178 D 3209
6 4.2 13.7 0.60 140 257 D 3205
9 6.3 20.4 0.90 140 574 D 3210
12 8.4 27.3 1.20 140 1028 D 3202
24 16.8 45.7 2.40 200 2880 D 3212
48 33.6 67.5 4.80 300 7680 D 3213
non-latching 1 coil
high sensitive version
3 2.25 9.0 0.3 80 113 D 3221
4.5 3.38 13.5 0.45 80 253 D 3222
5 3.75 15.0 0.5 80 313 D 3223
6 4.5 18.0 0.6 80 450 D 3224
9 6.75 27.1 0.9 80 1013 D 3225
12 9.00 36.1 1.2 80 1800 D 3226
24 18.00 54.7 2.4 140 4114 D 3227
48 36.00 72.5 4.8 260 8882 D 3228
latching
1 coil
3 2.25 8.1 2.25 100 90 D 3241
4.5 3.375 12.1 3.375 100 203 D 3242
5 3.75 13.5 3.75 100 250 D 3243
6 4.5 16.2 4.50 100 360 D 3244
9 6.75 24.2 6.75 100 810 D 3245
12 9.00 29.0 9.00 100 1440 D 3246
24 18.00 47.5 18.00 150 3840 D 3247


and
59
FX2 Relay
Contact Data
Contact material Palladium-ruthenium - gold covered
250 Vac
Electrical endurance at contact application 0 (³ 30 mV /³ 10 mA) min. 2.5 x 106 operations
at cable load open end min. 2.0 x 106 operations
at 24 V / 1.25 A min. 5 x 105 operations
at 125 V / 0.24 A min. 5 x 105 operations
at 30 V / 2 A min. 5 x 105 operations
110 Vdc / 0.3 A
120 Vac / 0.5 A
240 Vac / 0.25 A
Insulation
Insulation resistance at 500 Vdc > 109 W
between coil and contacts 1800 Vrms
between open contacts 1800 Vrms

according to Bellcore GR 1089 (2 / 10 ms)
between coil and contacts 3500 V
according to FCC 68 (10 / 160 ms) and IEC (10 / 700 ms)
High Frequency Data

Capacitance
RF Characteristics
Isolation at 100 MHz / 900 MHz - 34.0 dB / - 15.1 dB
Insertion loss at 100 MHz / 900 MHz - 0.03 dB / - 0.60 dB
V.S.W.R. at 100 MHz / 900 MHz 1.07 / 1.45
60
FX2 Relay
General data
10 to 500 Hz
1500 G (damage)
Needle flame test application time 20 s, no burning
Packing
Stick dimension
Tube for THT version - 50 relays per stick, 1000 relays per box
61
FX2 Relay
Relay Code Tyco
Part Number
D3202 0-1462034-1
D3204 0-1462034-2
D3205 0-1462034-5
D3206 0-1462034-6
D3207 0-1462034-8
D3209 0-1462034-9
D3210 1-1462034-3
D3212 1-1462034-4
D3213 1-1462034-5
D3221 1-1462034-9
D3222 2-1462034-0
D3223 2-1462034-1
D3224 2-1462034-2
D3225 2-1462034-3
D3226 2-1462034-4
D3227 2-1462034-5
D3228 2-1462034-6
D3241 2-1462034-8
D3242 2-1462034-9
D3243 3-1462034-0
D3244 3-1462034-1
D3245 3-1462034-2
D3246 3-1462034-3
D3247 3-1462034-4
62
FT2 / FU2 Relay
2 pole telecom/signal relay

Through Hole Type (THT) CSA-C22.2 No.14-95 File No. 176679-1079886
Non – polarized. non-latching 1 coil CSA-C22.2 No.950-95
Features UL 508 File No. E111441

UL1950 3rd ed.
– Telecom/signal relay (dry circuit, test access, ringing)
– Switching current 1.25 A
– 2 changeover contacts (2 form C / DPDT) CECC16504-001
– High sensitive 24 V and 48 V coil versions
QC160504-CH0001
– Meets Bellcore GR 1089, FCC Part 68 and ITU-T K20
³ 2500 V between coil and contacts
IEC/EN60950 IEC Ref. Cert. No. 10xx
Typical applications:
Linecard application – analog, ISDN, xDSL
PABX
Voice over IP Insulation cateogry:
– Measurement and control equipment Supplementary insulation according IEC / EN 60950 and UL 1950
– Consumer electronics Working voltage ³ 300 Vrms
Set top boxes, HiFi Mains supply voltage ³ 250 Vrms
– Medical equipment Repetitive peak voltage: 1500 V
Pollution degree: Internal: 1
Options: External: 2
Flammability classification: V-0
High Dielectric Version (HDV) with > 5000 V surge voltage between Maximum operating temperature: 85 °C
coil and contacts
63
FT2 / FU2 Relay
Dimensions
FT2 THT FU2 SMT long terminals FU2 SMT short terminals
mm inch mm inch mm inch

L 15 ± 0.05 0.590 ± 0.002 15 ± 0.15 0.590 ± 0.002 15 ± 0.05 0.590 ± 0.002
W 7.5 ± 0.05 0.295 ± 0.002 7.5 ± 0.05 0.295 ± 0.002 7.6 ± 0.05 0.296 ± 0.002
H 9.6 ± 0.03 0.377 ± 0.001 10 + 0.15 0.393 + 0.006 10 + 0.15 0.393 + 0.006
T 3.3 ± 0.3 0.129 ± 0.011 N/A N/A N/A N/A
T1 N/A N/A 9.2 ± 0.2 0.362 ± 0.008 7.5 ± 0.2 0.295 ± 0.008
T2 5.08 0.200 5.08 0.200 5.08 0.200
Tw 0.5 0.020 0.5 0.020 0.5 0.020
S 0.35 ± 0.03 0.013 ± 0.001 N/A N/A N/A N/A
FT2: THT Version FU2: SMT Version

Long terminals (W) Short terminals (N)

Basic grid 2.54 mm
Terminal assignment
Relay - top view
non-latching 1 coil
release condition
64
FT2 / FU2 Relay

Nominal Operate voltage range Release Nominal power Resistance Coil number
voltage voltage consumption
FT2 D34** THT

Sensitive version FU2 D35** W SMT long term.
non-latching 1 coil FU2 D35** N SMT short term.
3 2.25 4.2 0.30 200 45 21

4 3.00 5.7 0.40 200 114 29
4.5 3.38 6.4 0.45 200 101 22
5 3.75 7.1 0.50 200 125 23
6 4.5 8.5 0.60 200 180 24
9 6.75 12.7 0.90 200 405 25
12 9.00 17.0 1.20 200 720 26
24 18.00 33.9 2.40 240 2400 27
48 36.00 67.9 4.8 240 9600 28
FT2 D34** THT
Standard version FU2 D35** W SMT long term.
non-latching FU2 D35** N SMT short term.
3 2.25 5.2 0.3 300 30 01

4.5 3.38 7.8 0.45 300 68 02
5 3.75 8.7 0.50 300 83 03
6 4.5 10.4 0.60 300 120 04
9 6.75 15.6 0.90 300 270 05
12 9.00 20.8 1.20 300 480 06
24 18.00 40.8 2.40 300 1920 07
48 36.00 81.6 4.80 300 768 08
High dielectric version FT2 D34** THT HDV

non-latching
3 2.25 4.2 0.30 200 45 91

5 3.75 7.1 0.50 200 125 93
12 9.00 17.0 1.20 200 720 96
24 18.00 33.9 2.40 240 2400 97


and
65
FT2 / FU2 Relay
Contact Data Standard Version High Dielectric Version

Contact material Silver nickel, gold-covered Palladium-ruthenium, gold covered
Limiting continuous current at max. ambient temperature 1.25 A 2A
Maximum switching current 2A 2A
Maximum swichting voltage 125 Vdc 220 Vdc
250 Vac 250 Vdc
Maximum switching capacity 30 W, 62.5 VA 60 W, 62.5 VA
Electrical endurance at contact application 0 (³ 12 V / ³ 10 mA) min. 2.5 x 106 operations
Resistive load 125 Vdc / 0.24 A - 30 W min. 1 x 105 operations
250 Vdc / 0.25 A - 62.5 VA min. 1 x 105 operations
24 Vdc / 1.25 A - 30 W min. 1 x 105 operations
UL/CSA ratings 125 Vdc / 1.25 A
125 Vac / 1.25 A
Insulation Standard Version High Dielectric Version
Insulation resistance at 500 VDC > 109 W > 109 W

between coil and contacts 1500 Vrms 3500 Vrms
between adjacent contact sets 1500 Vrms 1800 Vrms
between open contacts 1500 Vrms 1800 Vrms

High Frequency Data

Capacitance
RF Characteristics
Isolation at 100 MHz / 900 MHz - 30.6 dB / - 13.7 dB
Insertion loss at 100 MHz / 900 MHz - 0.02 dB / - 0.50 dB
V.S.W.R. at 100 MHz / 900 MHz 1.02 / 1.27
66
FT2 / FU2 Relay
General data
Release time without diode in parallel, typ. / max. 2 ms / 5 ms
Release time with diode in parallel, typ. / max. 4 ms / 5 ms
10 to 1000 Hz
Shock resistance, half sinus, 11 ms 15 G(function)
500 G (damage)
Needle flame test application time 20 s, no burning or glowing
Weight (mass) max. 3 g

10 sec

215° C
215° C
ca. 40 sec
180° C 180° C
Temperature °C
Temperature °C

100° C
Full line: typical
Time (s) Time (s)

67
FT2 / FU 2 Relay
Tape and reel for SMT version with long terminals - 400 relays per reel, 2000 relays per box
4 ±0,1
1,75 ±0,1

A
11,5 ±0,1
24 ±0,3
15,5 ±0,2
B B
3 max.
10 ±0,2
2,2 0,4 3 max.

A
16 ±0,1 10,5 ±0,1 ECR0915-2
Tape and reel for SMT version with short terminals - 500 relays per reel, 2500 relays per box
4 ±0,1
1,75 ±0,1

A
11,5 ±0,1
24 ±0,3
15,5 ±0,2
B B
3 max.
8 ±0,2
1,5 ±0,1 0,4 3 max.

A
12 ±0,1 10,5 ±0,2 ECR0917-I
Reel dimension
68
FT2 / FU 2 Relay

D3401 0-1462035-1 D3506N 1-1462036-1
D3402 0-1462035-2 D3506W 1-1462036-2
D3403 0-1462035-3 D3507N 1-1462036-3
D3404 0-1462035-4 D3507W 1-1462036-4
D3405 0-1462035-5 D3508N 1-1462036-5
D3406 0-1462035-6 D3508W 1-1462036-6
D3407 0-1462035-7 D3521N 1-1462036-7
D3408 0-1462035-8 D3521W 1-1462036-8
D3421 0-1462035-9 D3522N 1-1462036-9
D3522W 2-1462036-0
D3422 1-1462035-0 D3523N 2-1462036-1
D3423 1-1462035-1 D3523W 2-1462036-2
D3424 1-1462035-2 D3524N 2-1462036-3
D3425 1-1462035-3 D3524W 2-1462036-4
D3426 1-1462035-4 D3525N 2-1462036-5
D3427 1-1462035-7 D3525W 2-1462036-6
D3428 1-1462035-8 D3526N 2-1462036-7
D3429 1-1462035-9 D3526W 2-1462036-8
D3501N 0-1462036-1 D3527N 2-1462036-9
D3501W 0-1462036-2 D3527W 9-1462036-1
D3502N 0-1462036-3 D3528N 9-1462036-3
D3502W 0-1462036-4 D3528W 9-1462036-5
D3503N 0-1462036-5 D3529N 3-1462036-0
D3503W 0-1462036-6 D3529W 3-1462036-1
D3504N 0-1462036-7 D3491 2-1462035-0
D3504W 0-1462036-8 D3493 1-1462035-5
D3505N 0-1462036-9 D3496 2-1462035-4
D3505W 1-1462036-0 D3497 2-1462035-5
69
FP2 Relay
2 pole telecom / signal relay

Through Hole Type (THT)
Polarized.
Relay types: non-latching with1 coil

Features
– Telecom / signal relay (dry circuit, test access, ringing)
– Slim line 14 x 9 mm, 0.550 x 0.354 inch
– Switching current 1,25 A
80 mW for high sensitive, 140 mW for sensitive version
– High mechanical shock resistance

Linecard application - analog, ISDN, xDSL, PABX
Voice over IP
Set top boxes, HiFi
CSA-C22.2 No 14-95 File No. 176679-1079886
UL 508 File No. E111441
CECC 16503-001
QC 160503-CH0001
70
FP2 Relay
Dimensions
THT
mm inch
L 14.02 ± 0.08 0.574 ± 0.008

W 9.02 ± 0.08 0.035 ± 0.003
H 5 ± 0.1 0.196 ± 0.004
T 3.2 + 0.3 0.125 + 0.011
T1 N/A N/A
T2 7.62 ±0.1 0.3 ± 0.004
Tw 0.5 0.020
S 0.25+0.05 0.009+0.002
THT Version

(top view)
Basic grid 2.54 mm
Terminal assignment
Relay - top view
Non-latching type, Latching type, latching, 2 coils

71
FP2 Relay

Nominal Operate/set voltage range Release/ Nominal power Resistance Relay Code
non-latching
1 coil
3 2.1 6.8 0.30 140 64 D 3006

4.5 3.15 10.3 0.45 140 145 D 3004
5 3.5 11.4 0.50 140 178 D 3009
6 4.2 13.7 0.60 140 257 D 3005
9 6.3 20.4 0.90 140 574 D 3010
12 8.4 27.3 1.20 140 1028 D 3002
24 16.8 45.7 2.40 200 2880 D 3012
48 33.6 67.5 4.80 300 7680 D 3013
non-latching 1 coil
high sensitive version
3 2.25 9.0 0.3 80 113 D 3021
4.5 3.38 13.5 0.45 80 253 D 3022
5 3.75 15.0 0.5 80 313 D 3023
6 4.5 18.0 0.6 80 450 D 3024
9 6.75 27.1 0.9 80 1013 D 3025
12 9.00 36.1 1.2 80 1800 D 3026
24 18.00 54.7 2.4 140 4114 D 3027
48 36.00 72.5 4.8 260 8882 D 3028
latching
1 coil
3 2.25 8.1 2.25 100 90 D 3041
4.5 3.375 12.1 3.375 100 203 D 3042
5 3.75 13.5 3.75 100 250 D 3043
6 4.5 16.2 4.50 100 360 D 3044
9 6.75 24.2 6.75 100 810 D 3045
12 9.00 29.0 9.00 100 1440 D 3046
24 18.00 47.5 18.00 150 3840 D 3047
latching
2 coils
3 2.1 5.7 2.1 200 45 D 3061

4.5 3.15 8.6 3.15 200 101 D 3062
5 3.5 9.5 3.5 200 125 D 3063
6 4.2 11.4 4.2 200 180 D 3064
9 6.3 17.1 6.3 200 405 D 3065
12 8.4 22.6 8.4 200 720 D 3066
24 16.8 33.7 16.8 200 1920 D 3067
72
FP2 Relay


and
Contact Data
Contact material Silver-nickel, gold-covered
250 Vac
Electrical endurance at contact application 0 (³30 mV/ ³10 mA) min. 2.5 x 106 operations
at 125 Vdc / 0.24 A - 30 W min. 1.0 x 105 operations
at 250 Vac / 0.25 A - 62.5 VA min. 1.0 x 105 operations
at 24 V / 1.25 A - 30 W min. 3.0 x 105 operations
50 Vdc / 0.5 A
50 Vac / 0.5 A
Insulation

according IEC (10 / 700 ms)
73
FP2 Relay
High Frequency Data

Capacitance
RF Characteristics
Isolation at 100 / 900 MHz -40.2 dB / -22.3 dB
Insertion loss at 100 / 900 MHz -0.03 dB / -0.25 dB
V.S.W.R. at 100 / 900 MHz 1.01 / 1.07
General data
10 to 500 Hz
1500 G (damage)
Needle flame test application time 20 s, no burning or glowing
Packing
74
FP2 Relay
D3002 0-1462033-5 D3041 4-1462033-0

D3004 0-1462033-9 D3042 4-1462033-1
D3005 1-1462033-1 D3043 4-1462033-2
D3006 1-1462033-3 D3044 4-1462033-3
D3009 1-1462033-4 D3045 4-1462033-4
D3046 4-1462033-5
D3047 4-1462033-6
D3010 2-1462033-1 D3061 4-1462033-7
D3012 2-1462033-2 D3062 4-1462033-8
D3013 2-1462033-6 D3063 4-1462033-9
D3021 3-1462033-2 D3064 5-1462033-0

D3022 3-1462033-3 D3065 5-1462033-1
D3023 3-1462033-4 D3066 5-1462033-4
D3024 3-1462033-5 D3067 5-1462033-6
D3025 3-1462033-6
D3026 3-1462033-7
D3027 3-1462033-8
D3028 3-1462033-9
75
MT2 Relay

Non-polarized. non-latching 1 coil
Features
– Slim line 20 x 10 mm, 0.795 x 0.393 inch
– Switching current 1.25A
– Meets FCC Part 68 and ITU-T K20
PABX
Voice over IP
– Set top boxes, HiFi
- Automotive Equipment
CSA-C22.2 No 14-95 File No. 176679-1079886
UL 508 File No. E 111441
CECC 16502-001
76
MT2 Relay
THT Version Dimension
THT
mm inch
L 20.2 + 0.05/-0.02 0.795 + 0.002/-0.0008

W 10 + 0.05/-0.02 0.393 + 0.002/-0.0008
H 11+0.1/-0.2 0.433 + 0.004/-0.008
T 3.1 ± 0.3 0.122 ± 0.011
T1 N/A N/A
T2 7.62 ± 0.15 0.3 ± 0.005
S 0.55 0.021
Mounting hole layout Tw 0.5 0.020
(top view)
Basic grid 2.54 mm
Terminal assignment
Relay - top view
non-latching 1 coil
release condition
77
MT2 Relay

Nominal Operate/voltage range Release Nominal power Resistance Relay Code
High sensitive version (150 mW)

non-latching 1 coil
3 2.1 6.7 0.30 150 60 C 93400

4.5 3.2 10.1 0.45 150 136 C 93406
5 3.6 11.3 0.50 150 168 C 93401
6 4.3 13.4 0.60 150 240 C 93427
9 6.4 20.3 0.90 150 544 C 93405
12 8.6 27.1 1.20 150 968 C 93402
24 17.1 54.1 2.40 150 3872 C 93403
48 33.1 108.3 4.80 150 15468 C 93404
Sensitive version (200 mW)

non-latching 1 coil
3 2.0 5.8 0.30 200 45 C 93414
4.5 2.9 8.7 0.45 200 101 C 93415
5 3.3 9.7 0.50 200 125 C 93416
6 3.9 11.6 0.60 200 180 C 93428
9 5.9 17.5 0.90 200 405 C 93417
12 7.8 23.3 1.20 200 720 C 93418
24 15.6 46.7 2.40 200 2880 C 93419
48 31.2 93.4 4.80 200 11520 C 93420
Sensitive version (300 mW)

non-latching 1 coil
4.5 3.1 7.4 0.45 300 73 C 93433

5 3.4 8.2 0.50 300 90 C 93434
12 8.25 19.7 1.20 300 515 C 93412
24 16.5 39.5 2.40 300 2060 C 93435
48 32.5 79.0 4.80 300 8240 C 93436
Standard version (400 mW)

non-latching 1 coil
4.5 2.9 6.1 0.45 400 50 C 93421

5 3.3 6.9 0.50 400 63 C 93422
6 3.9 8.2 0.60 400 90 C 93429
9 5.9 12.4 0.90 400 203 C 93423
12 7.8 16.5 1.20 400 360 C 93424
24 15.6 33.0 2.40 400 1440 C 93425
48 31.2 66.0 4.80 400 5760 C 93426
Standard version (550 mW)

non-latching 1 coil
4.5 2.9 6.0 0.45 550 36 C 93438

5 3.3 6.8 0.5 550 45 C 93450
6 3.9 8.1 0.60 550 66 C 93437
12 7.8 16.7 1.20 550 280 C 93432
24 15.6 32.4 2.40 550 1050 C 93431
48 31.2 64.1 4.80 550 4100 C 93430
78
MT2 Relay


and
Contact Data
Limiting continuous current at max. ambient temperature 1.25 A
150 Vac
Electrical endurance Contact application 0 (30 mV/ 10 mA) min. 5 x 106 operations
Cable load open end min. 2.5 x 106 operations
Resistive load 150 V / 0.2 A - 30 W min. 2.0 x 105 operations
24 V / 1.25 A - 30 W min. 2.0 x 105 operations
UL/CSA ratings 125 Vac / 0.4 A
24 Vdc / 1.25 A
Insulation

according to FCC 68 (10 / 160 ms) and IEC (10 / 700 ms) 1500 V
between open contacts
79
MT2 Relay
High Frequency Data

Capacitance
RF Characteristics
V.S.W.R. at 100 / 900 MHz 1.03 / 1.31
General data
10 to 500 Hz
100 G (damage)
Needle flame test application time 10 s,
Packing
Tube for THT version - 25 relays per stick, 1’000 relays per box
80
MT2 Relay
C 93400 1-1462001-2 C 93423 5-1462000-0

C 93401 0-1462000-1 C 93424 5-1462000-1
C 93402 0-1462000-7 C 93425 5-1462000-3
C 93403 1-1462000-3 C 93426 5-1462000-5
C 93404 1-1462000-8 C 93427 5-1462000-6
C 93405 2-1462000-0 C 93428 5-1462000-7
C 93406 2-1462000-2 C 93429 5-1462000-8
C 93412 2-1462000-6 C 93430 5-1462000-9
C 93414 1-1462001-1 C 93431 6-1462000-1
C 93415 3-1462000-0 C 93432 6-1462000-2
C 93416 3-1462000-1 C 93433 6-1462000-6
C 93417 3-1462000-6 C 93434 6-1462000-8
C 93418 3-1462000-7 C 93435 7-1462000-0
C 93419 4-1462000-1 C 93436 7-1462000-2
C 93420 4-1462000-5 C 93437 7-1462000-6
C 93421 4-1462000-7 C 93438 7-1462000-7
C 93422 4-1462000-8 C 93450 8-1462000-5
81
D2n Relay V23105
2 pole telecom relay, non-polarized,

Features
– Standard DIL relay
– Dimensions 20.3 x 10.1 x 10.43 mm, 0.800 x 0.400 x 0.450 inch
– Switching and continous current 3 A
– Single contacts
– Four different coil sensitivities
(150, 200, 400, > 500 mW)
– Surge voltage resistance meets FCC Part 68 requirement:
1.5 kV (10 / 160 µsec) between coil and contacts
– Entertainment electronics
– Medical Equipment
LR 45064-27
E 48393
82
D2n Relay V23105
THT Version Dimensions
THT
V23105-A5xxx-A201
mm inch
L 20.2 ± 0.1 0.795 ± 0.004

W 10.0 ± 0.1 0.394 ± 0.004
H 11.43 ± 0.2 0.450 - 0.008
T 3.5 ± 0.3 0.138 ± 0.012
Tw 0.72 - 0.2 0.028 - 0.008
S 0.3 ± 0.1 0.012 ± 0.004

(top view)
Basic grid 2.54 mm
Terminal assignment
Relay - top view
83
D2n Relay V23105

150 mW nominal power consumption

5 4.0 13.0 0.25 150 167 001
6 4.8 15.6 0.30 150 240 002
9 7.2 23.4 0.45 150 540 006
12 9.6 31.2 0.60 150 960 003
24 19.2 59.5 1.20 165 3480 005
3 2.1 6.7 0.15 200 45 308

5 3.5 11.2 0.25 200 125 301
6 4.2 13.5 0.30 200 180 302
9 6.3 20.3 0.45 200 405 306
12 8.4 27.0 0.60 200 720 303
24 16.8 54.1 1.20 200 2880 305
48 33.6 108.3 2.40 200 11520 307
5 3.5 7.9 0.25 400 62 401

6 4.2 9.5 0.30 400 90 402
9 6.3 14.3 0.45 400 203 406
12 8.4 19.1 0.60 400 360 403
24 16.8 38.3 1.20 400 1440 405
48 33.6 76.6 2.40 400 5760 407
> 500 mW nominal power consumption
5 3.5 6.3 0.25 695 36 501

6 4.2 8.9 0.30 515 70 502
9 6.3 12.5 0.45 580 140 506
12 8.4 17.8 0.60 515 280 503
24 16.8 34.4 1.20 550 1050 505
48 33.6 67.3 2.40 575 4000 507


and
kI, k II = Factors (dependent on temperature), see diagram
84
D2n Relay V23105
Coil versions, BT 47 type / specification T4563 C (current tested)

Nominal Operating Nominal power Resistance British Coil number
voltage current consumption Telecom Code
Vdc mA mW W / ± 10 %
5 80 695 36 47 W / 5 475
10 32.5 500 200 47 W / 9 479
12 27 515 280 47 W / 6 476
24 14 550 1050 47 W / 7 477
48 7 575 4000 47 W / 8 478
Contact Data
Contact assembly single contacts
250 Vac
Maximum switching capacity 60 W, 125 VA
Thermoelectric potential > 10 mV
Electrical endurance at 230 Vac / 0.5 A typ. 3.0 x 105operations
at 6 Vdc / 0.1 A typ. 2.0 x 106 operations

at 30 Vdc / 1 A typ. 5.0 x 105 operations
at 30 Vdc / 2 A typ. 1.0 x 105 operations
Mechanical endurance typ. 15.0 x 106 operations
100 Vdc / 0.3 A
125 Vac / 0.5 A for 150 mW and 200 mW coil
125 Vac / 1.0 A for 400 mW and 500 mW coil
85
D2n Relay V23105
Insulation

High Frequency Data

Capacitance
between adjacent contact sets max. 1.5 pF
RF Characteristics
Isolation at 100 / 900 MHz -39.0 dB / -20.7 dB
Insertion loss at 100 / 900 MHz -0.02 dB / -0.27 dB
V.S.W.R. at 100 / 900 MHz 1.04 / 1.40
General data
Ambient temperature
150 and 200 mW coil -25° C ... +85° C
400 mW coil -25° C ... +75° C
500 mW coil -25° C ... +60° C
Vibration resistance (function) 10 g
10 to 55 Hz
Shock resistance, half sinus, 11 ms 10 g (function)
40 g (damage)
86
D2n Relay V23105
V23105A5001A201 8-1393792-5 V23105A5406A201 1-1393793-0

V23105A5002A201 8-1393792-7 V23105A5407A201 1-1393793-1
V23105A5003A201 8-1393792-8 V23105A5475A201 1-1393793-2
V23105A5005A201 9-1393792-0 V23105A5476A201 1-1393793-3
V23105A5006A201 9-1393792-1 V23105A5477A201 1-1393793-4
V23105A5301A201 9-1393792-3 V23105A5478A201 1-1393793-5
V23105A5302A201 9-1393792-5 V23105A5479A201 3-1393794-0
V23105A5303A201 9-1393792-7 V23105A5501A201 1-1393793-6
V23105A5305A201 9-1393792-9 V23105A5502A201 1-1393793-8
V23105A5306A201 0-1393793-2 V23105A5503A201 1-1393793-9
V23105A5307A201 0-1393793-3 V23105A5505A201 2-1393793-1
V23105A5308A201 0-1393793-5 V23105A5506A201 2-1393793-3
V23105A5401A201 0-1393793-6 V23105A5507A201 2-1393793-4
V23105A5402A201 0-1393793-7
V23105A5403A201 0-1393793-8
V23105A5405A201 0-1393793-9
Ordering system:
V23105A5xxxA201 xxx = see coil table on page 4
87
MT4 Relay

Non-polarized. non-latching 1 coil
Features
– 20 x 14.8 mm, 0.795 x 0.582 inch
– Switching current 1.25 A
– 4 changeover contacts (4 form C / 4PDT)
– Meets Bellcore GR 1089, FCC Part 68 and ITU-T K20
2500 V between coil and contacts
PABX
Voice over IP
– Set top boxes, HiFi
CSA-C22.2 No 14-95 File No. 176679-1079886
UL 508 File No. E 111441
CECC 16501-001
88
MT4 Relay
THT Version Dimension
THT
mm inch
L 20.0 ± 0.1 0.795 ± 0.004

W 14.8 ± 0.1 0.582 ± 0.004
H 11 +0.1/-0.2 0.433 +0.004/-0.008
T 3.1± 0.3 0.122 + 0.011
T1 N/A N/A
T2 12.7 ± 0.15 0.5 ± 0.005
Mounting hole layout Tw 0.5 0.020
S 0.8 0.031
(top view)
Basic grid 2.54 mm
Terminal assignment
Relay - top view
non-latching 1 coil
release condition
89
MT4 Relay

Nominal Operate voltage range Release Nominal power Resistance Relay Code
non-latching
1 coil
4.5 3.2 7.8 0.45 300 67 C 93807

5 3.6 8.65 0.50 300 83 C 93801
9 6.4 15.6 0.90 300 270 C 93805
12 8.6 20.8 1.20 300 480 C 93802
24 17.1 41.6 2.40 300 1920 C 93803
48 34.1 83.2 4.80 300 7680 C 93804


and
90
MT4 Relay
Contact Data
Limiting continuous current at max. ambient temperature 1.25 A
Maximum switching current 1.25 A
150 Vac
Electrical endurance Contact application 0 (< =30 mV/< = 10 mA) min. 1 x 107 operations
Cable load open end min. 5 x 106 operations
Resistive load 150 V / 0.2 A - 30 W min. 2.0 x 105 operations
24 V / 1.25 A - 30 W min. 2.0 x 105 operations
125 Vac / 0.4 A
Insulation

according to FCC 68 (10 / 160 ms) and IEC (10 / 700 ms)
High Frequency Data

Capacitance
RF Characteristics
V.S.W.R. at 100 / 900 MHz 1.03 / 1.31
91
MT4 Relay
General data
10 to 500 Hz
100 G (damage)
Needle flame test application time 10 s,
Packing
92
MT4 Relay
Relay Code Tyco
Part Number
C93801 0-1462032-1
C93802 0-1462032-4
C93803 0-1462032-7
C93804 0-1462032-8
C93805 0-1462032-9
C93807 1-1462032-0
93
P1 Relay V23026
1 pole telecom and signal relay, polarized,

Through Hole Type (THT) or
Surface Mount Technology (SMT),
Features
– Directly triggerable with TTL standard modules such
as ALS, HCT and ACT
– Slim line 13.5 x 7.85 mm, 0.531 x 0.309 inch
– 1 changeover contact (1 form C / SPDT)
65 to 130 mW for non-latching
30 to 150 mW for latching
– Surge voltage resistance between contact and coil:
- 2.5 kV (2 / 10 µsec) meets the Bellcore Requirement GR-1089
- 1.5 kV (10 / 160 µsec) meets FCC Part 68
– Automotive equipment
CAN bus, imobilizer
– Safety equipment
Options
– FCC version on request. Testing of open contacts with surge

voltage in accordance with FCC 68.302 (1.5 kV, 10/160 µsec)
LR 45064-5
E 48393
Basic insulation coil/contacts according to IEC/EN 60950

Clearance > 0.75 mm
Creepage distance > 0.75 mm
94
P1 Relay V23026
Dimensions
V23026-x1xxx-B201
THT SMT
mm inch mm inch
L 13.0 ± 0.1 0.512 ± 0.004 13.4 ± 0.1 0.528 ± 0.004
W 7.6 ± 0.1 0.299 ± 0.004 7.75 ± 0.1 0.305 ± 0.004
H 6.9 - 0.2 0.272 - 0.008 8.0 - 0.2 0.315 - 0.008
T 3.5 - 0.2 0.138 -0.008 N/A N/A
T1 N/A N/A 10.9 - 0.5 0.429 - 0.020
T2 5.08 ± 0.15 0.200 ± 0.006 5.08 ± 0.15 0.200 ± 0.006
S 0.3 ± 0.1 0.012 ±0.004 N/A N/A
S1 N/A N/A 0.85 ± 0.1 0.033 ±0.004
S2 N/A N/A 0.2 - 0.15 0.008 ±0.006

Terminal assignment
Relay - top view
Contact release or reset condition, coil polarity to set the relay
Non-latching type, Latching type, 1 coil Latching type, 2 coils

95
P1 Relay V23026

THT, non-latching, 1 coil A1***
3 2.25 8.80 0.30 66 137 006

5 3.75 14.50 0.50 68 370 001
12 9.00 35.00 1.20 64 2250 002
24 18.00 50.00 2.40 128 4500 004
THT, latching, 2 coils (coils I and II are identical) B1***

3 2.25 8.55 2.25 69 130 106
5 3.75 14.75 3.75 64 390 101
12 9.00 29.00 9.00 96 1500 102
24 A nominal voltage of 24 V is feasible with a 12 V coil with a series resistor (1500 W)
THT, latching, 1 coil C1***
3 2.25 13.00 2.25 30 300 056

5 3.75 20.00 3.75 34 740 051
12 9.00 50.00 9.00 32 4500 052
24 18.00 50.00 18.00 128 4500 054
SMT, non-latching, 1 coil D1***
3 2.25 8.00 0.30 80 113 026

5 3.75 13.30 0.50 80 313 021
12 9.00 35.00 1.20 80 1800 022
24 18.00 50.00 2.40 128 4500 024
SMT, latching, 2 coils (coils I and II are identical) E1***

3 2.25 8.55 2.25 69 130 106
5 3.75 14.75 3.75 64 390 101
12 9.00 29.00 9.00 96 1500 102
SMT, latching, 1coil F1***

5 3.75 20.00 3.75 34 740 051
12 9.00 50.00 9.00 32 4500 052
Further coil versions e.g. 1.5 V, 9 V and 15 V are available on request.


and
96
P1 Relay V23026
Contact Data
Number of contacts and type 1 changeover contact
Contact assembly Bifurcated contact
Contact material Palladium nickel, gold-rhodium covered
150 Vac
Maximum switching capacity 30 W, 60 VA
Electrical endurance at 12 V / 10 mA typ. 5 x 107 operations

65 Vdc / 0.46 A
150 Vac / 0.46 A
Insulation
between coil and contacts (Relay with 1 coil) 1500 Vrms

between open contacts on request 2000 V

between open contacts on request 1500 V
Insulation according to IEC / EN 60950 Basic insulation

Clearance 0.75 mm
Creepage distance 0.75 mm
High Frequency Data

Capacitance
RF Characteristics
V.S.W.R. at 100 / 900 MHz 1.06 / 1.75
97
P1 Relay V23026
General data
Release time without diode in parallel (non-latching), typ. / max. 0.4 ms / 1 ms
Release time with diode in parallel (non-latching), typ. / max. 1.2 ms / 2 ms
Ambient temperature -40° C ... +70° C, +85° C on request
Vibration resistance (function) 20 G, 200 to 2000 Hz
40 G, 10 to 200 Hz

Processing information Ultrasonic cleaning possible

Note: Internal relay termperature should not exceed 210° C
10 sec

215° C
200° C
ca. 40 sec
180° C 180° C
Temperature °C
Temperature °C

100° C
Full line: typical
Time (s) Time (s)

98
P1 Relay V23026
Tube for SMT version - 40 relays per tube 2000 relays per box
Tape and reel for SMT version - 480 relays per reel
Reel dimension
99
P1 Relay V23026

Tube packing Part Number Tube packing Part Number
V23026A1001B201 0-1393774-1 V23026D1021B201 3-1393774-7
V23026A1002B201 0-1393774-8 V23026D1022B201 3-1393774-8
V23026A1004B201 1-1393774-2 V23026D1024B201 3-1393774-9
V23026A1006B201 1-1393774-7 V23026D1026B201 2-1393774-9
V23026B1101B201 3-1393774-4 V23026E1101B201 4-1393774-1
V23026B1102B201 3-1393774-5 V23026E1102B201 4-1393774-2
V23026B1106B201 0-1393775-3 V23026E1106B201 0-1393777-3
V23026C1051B201 2-1393774-0 V23026F1051B201 1-1393776-0
V23026C1052B201 2-1393774-1 V23026F1052B201 4-1393774-3
V23026C1054B201 2-1393774-4
V23026C1056B201 2-1393774-6
Tape & reel packing
V23026D1021B201 0-1393776-3
V23026D1022B201 0-1393776-4
V23026D1024B201 0-1393776-7
V23026D1026B201 0-1393776-8
V23026E1101B201 0-1422015-6
V23026E1102B201 0-1393776-9
Middle block of relay code

V23026-xxyyy-B301
xx : See table below
yyy : See coil table on page 4
xx Description
A1 THT, non latching
B1 THT, latching, 2 coils
C1 THT, latching, 1 coil
D1 SMT, non latching
E1 SMT, latching, 2 coils
F1 SMT, latching, 1 coil
100
P1-Y Relay V23026-A2
Option: asymmetrical coil pinning
This supplementary data sheet refers to the basic data sheet of the P1 relay series (V23026)
with following additions:
- Coil terminals are placed asymmetrically between contact terminals

- Only non latching, through hole types available
- All technical data are equivalent to the standard versions
Dimensions V23026-A2xxx-B201
mm inch
L 13.0 ± 0.1 0.512 ± 0.004
W 7.6 ± 0.1 0.299 ± 0.004
H 6.9 - 0.2 0.272 - 0.008
T 3.5 - 0.2 0.138 -0.008
T2 5.08 ± 0.15 0.200 ± 0.006
S 0.3 ± 0.1 0.012 ±0.004
Mounting hole layout Terminal assignment

View onto the component side of the PCB Relay - top view
Contact release condition, coil polarity to set the relay
Non-latching type,
not energized condition

non-latching, 1 coil V23026-

A2xxx-B201
1.5 1.13 4.5 0.15 65 36 007
3 2.25 8.80 0.30 65 137 006
5 3.75 14.50 0.50 65 370 001
9 6.75 25.5 0.90 65 1165 005
12 9.00 35.00 1.20 65 2250 002
15 11.25 42.00 1.50 65 3100 003
24 18.00 50.00 2.40 130 4500 004
101
W11 Relay V23101
1 pole PCB relay, non-polarized,

Relay types: Non-latching, 1 coil

Terminal assignments symmetrical or assymetrical
5- or 6-pin version
Features
– Multi purpose relay
– Small size permitting high packing density
– 1 changeover contact (1 form C / SPDT)
– 200 mW and 450 mW coils
– 1 A and 3 A contacts
– High shock resistance of 30 g
– Ambient temperature for sensitive version up to 85°C
– Security devices
– Electric door openers
– Duplex intercommunication systems
– Measurement and controls
102
W11 Relay V23101
Dimension drawing (in mm)
V23101-Dxxx-Xxxx
mm inch
L 15.5 ± 0.1 0.610 ± 0.004

W 10.5 ± 0.1 0.413 ± 0.004
H 11.5 - 0.2 0.453 - 0.008
T 3.5 - 0.2 0.138 - 0.008

View on to the component side of the PCB
Version: 6 pins Version: 5 pins (without pin no. 6)
Terminal assignment
Relay - top view
103
W11 Relay V23101


1.5 1.3 2.6 0.15 375 6 001
3 2.1 4.7 0.30 450 20 002
5 3.5 7.9 0.50 446 56 003
6 4.2 9.5 0.60 450 80 004
9 6.3 14.2 0.90 450 180 005
12 8.4 19.0 1.20 450 320 006
24 16.8 38.0 2.40 450 1280 007
1.5 1.1 3.6 0.15 188 12 101

3 2.3 7.1 0.30 200 45 102
5 3.8 11.6 0.50 208 120 103
6 4.5 14.2 0.60 200 180 104
9 6.8 21.2 0.90 203 400 105
12 9.0 28.0 1.20 206 700 106
24 18.0 56.0 2.40 206 2800 107


and
kI, k II = Factors (dependent on temperature), see diagram
104
W11 Relay V23101
Contact Data
Number of contacts and type 1 changeover contact
Contact assembly single contacts
Contact material AgPd, gold plated AgNi
Limiting continuous current at max. ambient temperature 1A 3A
Maximum switching current 1.25 3A
Maximum swichting voltage 60 Vdc 60 Vdc
125 Vac 125 Vac
Maximum switching capacity 30 W / 62.5 VA 72 W / 360 VA
Thermoelectric potential < 10 mV < 10 mV
Initial contact resistance / measuring condition: 10 mA / 20 mV 100 mW 100 mW
standard: at 24 Vdc / 1 A 3 x 105
at 24 Vdc / 2.5 A 2 x 105
at 120 Vac / 0.5 A 1.5 x 105
at 120 Vac / 1 A 4 x 105
sensitive: at 24 Vdc / 1 A 2 x 105
at 24 Vdc / 2.5 A 1 x 105
at 120 Vac / 0.5 A 1 x 105
at 120 Vac / 1 A 3 x 105
Insulation
High Frequency Data

Capacitance
105
W11 Relay V23101
General data
Bounce time at closing contact, typ. / max. 1 ms / 2 ms NO contact
5 ms / 10 ms at NC conctact
Ambient temperature -40° C ... +70° C/85° C, standard / sensitive coil
Vibration resistance (function) 10 G, 10 to 200 Hz
100 G (damage)
Tube dimensions - 25 relays per tube, 625 relays per box
106
W11 Relay V23101

V23101D0001A201 0-1393779-1 V23101D0103B201 2-1393779-7
V23101D0001B201 0-1393779-2 V23101D0104A201 2-1393779-8
V23101D0002A201 0-1393779-3 V23101D0104B201 2-1393779-9
V23101D0002B201 0-1393779-4 V23101D0105A201 3-1393779-0
V23101D0003A201 0-1393779-5 V23101D0105B201 3-1393779-1
V23101D0003B201 0-1393779-6 V23101D0106A201 3-1393779-2
V23101D0003B301 0-1393779-7 V23101D0106A301 0-1422037-2
V23101D0004A201 0-1393779-8 V23101D0106B201 3-1393779-3
V23101D0004B201 1-1393779-0 V23101D0106B301 3-1393779-4
V23101D0005A201 1-1393779-1 V23101D0107A201 3-1393779-5
V23101D0005B201 1-1393779-2 V23101D0107A301 3-1393779-7
V23101D0006A201 1-1393779-3 V23101D0107B201 3-1393779-8
V23101D0006A301 4-1419172-4 V23101D0108A201 3-1393779-9
V23101D0006B201 1-1393779-6 V23101D1003B201 4-1393779-0
V23101D0006B301 1-1393779-7 V23101D1006A201 4-1393779-1
V23101D0007A201 1-1393779-8 V23101D1006B201 4-1393779-2
V23101D0007B201 2-1393779-0 V23101D1007B201 0-1413012-1
V23101D0007B301 2-1393779-1 V23101D1106A201 4-1393779-3
V23101D0101A201 2-1393779-2 V23101D1106B201 4-1393779-4
V23101D0101B201 2-1393779-3 V23101D1106B301 4-1393779-5
V23101D0102A201 2-1393779-4 V23101D1107A201 4-1393779-6
V23101D0102B201 2-1393779-5 V23101D1107B201 4-1393779-7
V23101D0103A201 2-1393779-6
Relay code:
V23101-Dwxxx-yzzz
w: 0 Standard 6 pins
1 5 pins version
xxx : See coil table on page 4
y: A Symmetrical coil assignment, see page 3

B Asymmetrical coil assignment, see page 3
zzz: 201 AgPd contacts

301 AgNi contacts
107
Reed Relays / DIP/SIL Series V23100-V4
1 and 2 pole relays Relay Types

non-polarized, non-latching DIP version (flat)
– Standard version
Features – Electrostatic shield
between coil and contact
– Direct coil control with TTL-signals possible
– Protective diode
– Highly reliable switching
– Electrostatic shield and protective diode
– High switching rates
– Contact arrangement: 1 form a (1 normally open contact) or
– Ultrasonic cleanable 1 form c (1 changeover contact)
– High vibration and shock resistance
– Incircuit tester
– Measuring and control systems DIP version (high)
– Telecom equipment
– Alarm and security equipment
– Electrostatic shield
between coil and contact
– Electrostatic shield and protective diode
– Contact arrangement: 2 form a (2 normally open contacts) or
1 form c (1 changeover contact)
E 48393 SIL version

– Electrostatic shield
and protective diode
– Contact arrangement: 1 form a (1 normally open contact)
108
DIP version (flat)
Dimensions drawing (in mm) Dimensions Mounting hole layout

Top view
DIP-flat version
mm inch
L 19.3 - 0.2 0.760 - 0.008
W 6.40 - 0.2 0.252 - 0.008
H 5.70 - 0.2 0.224 - 0.008
Hb 5.10 - 0.2 0.201 - 0.008
T 3.20 ± 0.1 0.126 ± 0.004
Tw 0.50 ± 0.1 0.020 ± 0.004
Tz 0.25 ± 0.1 0.010 ± 0.004
Terminal assignment
Relay - top view
1 form a, with diode 1 form c, standard

1 form a, standard
1 form a, with electrostatic shield 1 form a, with electrostatic shield and diode
1 form a, standard V23100-V40** - A000
1 form a, with electrostatic shield V23100-V40** - A001 05 = 5 Vdc coil
1 form a, with diode V23100-V40** - A010 12 = 12 Vdc coil
1 form a, with electrostatic shield and diode V23100-V40** - A011 15 = 15 Vdc coil
1 form c, standard V23100-V43** - C000 24 = 24 Vdc coil
1 form c, with electrostatic shield V23100-V43** - C001
Ordering Code Tyco Ordering Code Tyco

V23100-V4005-A000 0-1393763-1 V23100-V4024-A000 1-1393763-4
V23100-V4005-A001 0-1393763-3 V23100-V4024-A001 1-1393763-5
V23100-V4005-A010 0-1393763-4 V23100-V4024-A010 1-1393763-6
V23100-V4005-A011 0-1393763-5 V23100-V4024-A011 1-1393763-7
V23100-V4012-A000 0-1393763-6 V23100-V4305-C000 2-1393763-0
V23100-V4012-A001 0-1393763-7 V23100-V4305-C001 2-1393763-1
V23100-V4012-A010 0-1393763-8 V23100-V4312-C000 2-1393763-8
V23100-V4012-A011 0-1393763-9 V23100-V4312-C001 2-1393763-9
V23100-V4015-A000 1-1393763-0 V23100-V4315-C000 3-1393763-4
V23100-V4015-A001 1-1393763-1 V23100-V4315-C001 3-1393763-5
V23100-V4015-A010 1-1393763-2 V23100-V4324-C000 4-1393763-0
V23100-V4015-A011 1-1393763-3 V23100-V4324-C001 4-1393763-1
109
DIP version (high)

Top view
DIP-flat version
mm inch
L 19.3 - 0.2 0.760 - 0.008
W 7.00 - 0.2 0.276 - 0.008
H 7.50 - 0.2 0.295 - 0.008
S 0.50 ± 0.1 0.200 ± 0.004
T 3.20 ± 0.1 0.126 ± 0.004
Tw 0.50 ± 0.1 0.020 ± 0.004
Tz 0.25 ± 0.1 0.010 ± 0.004
Terminal assignment
Top view
2 form a, standard 1 form c, with diode 2 form a, with diode 1 form c, with electrostatic shield and diode
2 form a, standard V23100-V43** - B000 05 = 5 Vdc coil
2 form a, with diode V23100-V43** - B001 12 = 12 Vdc coil
1 form c, with diode V23100-V43** - C010 15 = 15 Vdc coil
1 form c, with electrostatic shield and diode V23100-V43** - C011 24 = 24 Vdc coil
Ordering Code Tyco Ordering Code Tyco

V23100-V4305-B000 1-1393763-8 V23100-V4315-B000 3-1393763-2
V23100-V4305-B010 1-1393763-9 V23100-V4315-B010 3-1393763-3
V23100-V4305-C010 2-1393763-2 V23100-V4315-C010 3-1393763-6
V23100-V4305-C011 2-1393763-3 V23100-V4315-C011 3-1393763-7
V23100-V4312-B000 2-1393763-6 V23100-V4324-B000 3-1393763-8
V23100-V4312-B010 2-1393763-7 V23100-V4324-B010 3-1393763-9
V23100-V4312-C010 3-1393763-0 V23100-V4324-C010 4-1393763-2
V23100-V4312-C011 3-1393763-1 V23100-V4324-C011 4-1393763-3
110
SIL version

Top view
DIP-flat version
mm inch
L 19.8 - 0.2 0.780 - 0.008
W 5.08 - 0.2 0.200 - 0.008
H 7.80 - 0.2 0.307 - 0.008
T 3.50 ± 0.2 0.138 ± 0.008
Tw 0.60 ± 0.1 0.024 ± 0.004
Tz 0.25 ± 0.1 0.010 ± 0.004
Terminal assignment
Top view
2 form a, standard 1 form a, with diode
1 form a, standard V23100-V45** - A000
1 form a, with diode V23100-V45** - A010
Coil version: 05 = 5 Vdc coil

12 = 12 Vdc coil
15 = 15 Vdc coil
24 = 24 Vdc coil
Ordering Code Tyco

Part Number
V23100-V4505-A000 4-1393763-4
V23100-V4505-A010 4-1393763-5
V23100-V4512-A000 4-1393763-7
V23100-V4512-A010 4-1393763-8
V23100-V4515-A000 4-1393763-9
V23100-V4515-A010 5-1393763-0
V23100-V4524-A000 5-1393763-1
V23100-V4524-A010 5-1393763-2
111

Nominal Operate/set voltage range Release/ Nominal power Resistance
Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc mW Ω / ± 10 %
DIP and SIL version: 1 form a contact
5 3.5 22 0.75 50 500

12 8.4 33 1.80 144 1’000
15 10.5 44 2.25 112 2’000
24 16.8 44 3.60 288 2’000
DIP version: 2 form a contacts
5 3.5 14 0.75 125 200

12 8.4 25 1.80 288 500
15 10.5 47 2.25 112 2’000
24 16.8 47 3.60 288 2’000
DIP version: 1 form c contact
5 3.5 13 (14.5) * 0.75 125 200

12 8.4 22 (23.5) * 1.80 288 500
15 10.5 44 (14.5) * 2.25 112 2’000
24 16.8 44 (49) * 3.60 288 2’000
* Value in brackets refer to high relay with protective diode


and
kI , kII = Factors (dependent on temperature), see diagram
112
General data
Type of relay DIP version SIL version
Type of contact/s 1 form a 2 form a 1 form c 1 form a
Maximum operate time (including bounce) 0.5 ms 0.7 ms 0.5 ms
Maximum release time (including bounce) 0.2 ms 1.0 ms 0.2 ms
Maximum switching load without load 650 operations/s 500 operations/s 150 operations/s 650 operations/s
Operating temperature range -40° ...+70° C, + 85 ° C on request
Storage temperature -40 ° C ... + 95° C
Thermal resistance Approx. 75 K / W
Vibration resistance (function) 10 G 30 G 10 G
10 to 2000 Hz 50 to 2000 Hz 10 to 2000 Hz
Shock resistance, half sinus, 11 ms 150 G 50 G 150 G

Typical mechanical endurance 5 x 10 6 operations 4 x 10 6 operations 5 x 10 6 operations
Resistance to soldering heat 10 s/ 260 ° C
Contact data
Type of relay DIP version SIL version
Type of contact/s 1 form a 2 form a 1 form c 1 form a
Contact material Gold covered with Rhodium
Maximum continuous current 1A 1.2 A 1A
Maximum switching current 0.5 A 0.25 A 0.5 A
Maximum switching voltage
at nominal voltage: 5 Vdc 180 Vdc / Vac 175 Vdc 180 Vdc / Vac
12-24 Vdc 200 Vdc / Vac 200 Vdc / Vac
Maximum switching capacity
DC voltage 10 W 3W 10 W
AC voltage 10 VA 3 VA 10 VA
Initial contact resistance /
measuring condition: <150 mW
12 V / 10 mA 5 x 10 7
24 V / 400 mA 5 x 10 6
Mechanical endurance, typ. 5 x 10 6 operations 4 x 10 6 operations 5 x 10 6 operations
Insulation
Insulation resistance at 500 VDC contact coil > 1011 W
contact / coil 1500 Vdc 1500 Vdc 1500 Vdc
contact / contact 250 Vdc 200 Vdc 250 Vdc
High Frequency Data

Capacitance
113
Cradle Relay N V23154 / V23162
PCB, hand solder or plug-in relays,

for DC operation,
non-polarized, non-latching
Features Versions
– Multi purpose relay – Size I or II, depending on contact set

– highly reliable – Standard contact sets with max. 4 changeover, 2 break or
6 make contacts, special configurations on request
– great variety of contact arrangements and materials to
meet specific applications – Single or bifurcated contacts
– Contacts for signal loads and currents up to 5 A – Hand solder terminals also for plug-in connection with
screw fixing or PCB terminals
– AC and DC, latching and non-latching,
coils operating voltage 1.5 V ... 125 V – Dust-protected with plastic cover,
hermetically sealed with metal enclosure
– Sockets for easy and quick mounting of relays (see data
sheet Accessories)
– Press controls with high safety requirements
(forcibly guided springs)
– Telecommunications
114
Cradle Relay N V23154
Version V23154-Mxxxx Size I and

V23154-Nxxxx Size II
For printed circuit mounting
With or without earth terminal
Dust-protected
Size I Size II

M = Earth terminal
a) Hole for mechanical armature

actuation, if required
b) Hole for socket mounting with screw
M1.6,
115
Version V23154-C0xxx Size I and

V23154-D0xxx Size II
Hand solder terminals, silver-plated
Also for plug-in connection

ans screw fixing
With earth terminal
Dust-protected
Size I Size II
For sockets and hold-down springs see data sheet Accessories
116
Version V23162-A0xxx Size I and

V23162-B0xxx Size II
With hand solder terminals, silver-plated

and screw fixing
With earth terminal
Hermetically sealed
Size I Size II
117
Contact Data
Ordering code block 3 B104/B110/ B604/B610/ C104/C110/ C404/C410 F104 ... F107
B112 B612 C112
Type of contact max. 4 changeover contacts, 2 break contacts or 6 make contacts
Contact assembly single contacts bifurcated contacts single contacts
Contact material silver, gold F silver, gold F silver,
gold-flashed gold-flashed gold-flashed
Max. switching voltage 150 Vdc 36 Vdc 150 Vdc 36 Vdc 250 Vdc
125 Vac 30 Vac 125 Vac 30 Vac 250 Vac
Max. switching current 2A 0.2 A 2A 0.2 A 5A
Max. switching capacity 35 to 70 W 5W 35 to 70 W 5W 50 to 140 W
see load limit 5 VA see load limit 5 VA see load limit
curve page 7 curve page 7 curve page 7
50 VA 50 VA 500 VA
Max. continuous current at
2A 5A
max. ambient temperature
Contact sets
Size I
Number of contacts and type 2 changeover contacts 2 make 2 break 1 break

contacts contacts 1 make contact
Symbols with base conncections
coil I coil II
- + - +
3 2 4 1
Contacts in release condition,

coil polarity to set the relay
Contact assembly single bifurcated

single contacts
contacts contacts
Contact material silver, gold-flashed
Ordering code block 3 B104 C104 F105 F107 F106
Contact material gold F
Ordering code block 3 B604 C404
Size II
Number of contacts and type 6 make contacts 4 changeover 2 changeover

coil I coil II
- + - +
3 2 4 1

Contact assembly
single bifurcated single bifurcated single
contacts contacts contacts contacts contacts
Ordering code block 3 B112 C112 B110 C 110 F 104
Ordering code block 3 B612 B610 C 410
118
Load limit curve for contact sets B1xx and C1 xx
I = switching current
U = switching voltage
Safe breaking, no stationary arc

Load limit curve for contact sets F1xx

119
Coil Data
Nominal voltage from 5 VDC to 125 VDC
Typical nominal power consumption, at 20“C 0.8 W
Class of the operative range
acc to EN 61810-1 / IEC 61810-1 and VDE 0435 Part 201 2
Operating voltage (according to the coil type) max. 98% of the nominal voltage
Coil version
Nominal Operating voltage range at 20° C Resistance Coil number
voltage at 20° C Ordering
Unom Minimum voltage UI Maximum code block 2
voltage UII
Vdc Vdc Vdc W
Conctact sets
-B104/-B604/ -B110/-B112/-B610/ -C112 -C110
-F105 -612/-C104/-C404/ -C410
-F104/-F106/-F107
5 1.8 2.5 3 3.7 7.2 28 ± 3 711
12 5.3 7.1 8.7 10.5 20 220 ± 22 717
24 11 14.5 18 22 40 890 ± 89 721
48 23 30 37 45 75 3200 ± 480 726
60 27 36 43 53 92 4700 ± 705 734
110 49 65 79 98 164 15000 ± 1500 735
125 61 81 99 122 190 20900 ± 3140 703
Terminals:
Coil with 1 winding
Start 4 End 1
Coil with 2 windings (upon request)

Start 3 End 2 for winding I
Start 4 End 1 for winding II
The minimum voltage U I depends on the contact set and the ambient
temperature, the maximum voltage U II only depends on the ambient
temperature.
Between minimum voltage U I tamb and operating voltage U a safety

margin of approx. 20% is recommended.
UI tamb (1.2) < UI £ UII tamb

UI tamb = UI · U20° C · kI tamb
UII tamb = UIl 20° C
· kII tamb
U = Operating voltage
kI and kII = Factors
120
Instructions for impulse operation
The maximum voltage stated in the table (page 8) can be increased for impulse operation as follows:
U II Impuls = U II tamb . q
U II tamb = Maximum continuous voltage at ambient temperature t amb
q = Factor
The impulse voltage must not exceed 80% of the test voltage (winding/frame or winding/winding) or 2.5
times the value of the maximum voltage listed in the table (page 8).
Ift ED £ 3 s then q =
IftED = Pulse width

t2 = Cycle time
If tED = > 3 s the value of q must be obtained from the nomograph (next page).
Examples of various periodic pulse trains (energizing side)
1. Periodic recurrence of one energizing pulse
2. Periodic recurrence of two unequal energizing pulses
tED = tI + tII
tI + tII = Pulse widths within one cycle
121
Nomograph for determining factor q
122
General data
Ordering code block 3 B1xx B6xx C1xx C4xx F1xx
Operate time at Unom and 20° C, typical 7.5 ms
Reset time typical 3 ms
Maximum switching rate without load 50 operations/s 10 operations/s
Ambient temperature range
acc. to EN 61810-1 / IEC 61810-1 and -40° C ... +70° C
VDE 0435 part 201
Thermal resistance 50 K/W
Maximum temperature 100° C
Continious thermal load 1.6 W
Degree of protection acc. to EN 60529 / dust-protected IP 30
IEC 60529 / VDE 0470 part 1 or hermetically sealed IP 67
Mechanical endurance approx.108 approx. 107
operations operations
Processing information Ultrasonic cleaning should be avoided if possible or carried out only after consulting
the manufacturer
Weight
V23154-C0/-MO Size I approx. 20 g
V23154-D0/-NO Size II approx. 25 g
V23162-A0 Size I approx. 30 g
V23162-B0 Size II approx. 35 g
Insulation
Test voltage (1 min)
winding / frame 500 Vacrms 500 Vacrms
contact / contact 500 Vacrms 1000 Vacrms
contact / frame 500 Vacrms 1000 Vacrms
contact / coil 1000 Vacrms 1500 Vacrms
123
Ordering Code
Block 1 Block 2 Block 3
Digit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Basic type number of cradle relay N

V23154 = dust-protected
V23162 = hermetically sealed
Relay type
A0 = Size I,
for plug-in and screw fixing, hand solder terminals tinned,
with earth terminal, hermetically sealed
B0 = Size II,
for plug-in and screw fixing, hand solder terminals tinned,
with earth terminal, hermetically sealed
C0 = Size I,
for plug-in and screw fixing, hand solder terminals silver-plated,
with earth terminal, dust-protected
D0 = Size II,
for plug-in and screw fixing, hand solder terminals silver-plated,
with earth terminal, dust-protected
M0 = Size I,
for printed circuit mounting, with earth terminal, dust-protected
N0 = Size II,
for printed circuit mounting, with earth terminal, dust-protected
M4 = Size I,
for printed circuit mounting, without earth terminal, dust-protected
N4 = Size II,
for printed circuit mounting, without earth terminal, dust-protected
Coil number
Versions see page 8
Contact set / type of contact

see page 6
Ordering example:
V23154-D0721-B110
Cradle relay N, size II, plug-in, dust-protected, with solder terminals, silver-plated, coil 24 Vdc,
4 changeover contact set, single contacts, contact material silver, gold-flashed, with earth terminal,
Note:
The ordering scheme enables a multitude of variations. However, not all variations are defined as
construction specifications (ordering code) and thus in the current delivery program.
124

V23154C 702F101 3-1393806-3 V23154D 719B110 5-1393808-6
V23154C 704B104 4-1393806-3 V23154D 719F104 6-1393808-2
V23154C 716B104 6-1393806-4 V23154D 720B110 6-1393808-5
V23154C 717B104 6-1393806-7 V23154D 720C110 7-1393808-0
V23154C 719B104 7-1393806-1 V23154D 720C410 7-1393808-3
V23154C 720B104 7-1393806-8 V23154D 720F104 7-1393808-6
V23154C 720C104 8-1393806-1 V23154D 720W 56 7-1393808-8
V23154C 720F106 8-1393806-3 V23154D 721B110 8-1393808-3
V23154C 721B104 8-1393806-6 V23154D 721B112 8-1393808-4
V23154C 721B604 8-1393806-7 V23154D 721B610 9-1393808-2
V23154C 721C104 8-1393806-8 V23154D 721C110 9-1393808-5
V23154C 721F105 9-1393806-1 V23154D 721F104 0-1393809-1
V23154C 722B104 9-1393806-4 V23154D 722B110 1-1393809-4
V23154C 726B104 0-1393807-6 V23154D 722F104 2-1393809-4
V23154D 421B110 3-1393807-7 V23154D 726B110 3-1393809-2
V23154D 421F104 4-1393807-4 V23154D 726F104 4-1393809-4
V23154D 703F104 0-1393808-4 V23154M 721B104 2-1393810-7
V23154D 704B110 0-1393808-6 V23154N 719B110 6-1393810-3
125
Cradle Relay W V23005
Hand solder and plug-in relay,

for AC operation,
Features Versions
– highly reliable – Size I or II, depending on height of the contact set

– great variety of contact arrangements and materials to – Various contact arrangements available:
meet specific applications max. 4. changeover contacts, 2 break contacts or
2 make contacts
– Contacts for signal loads and currents up to 5 A
– Single or bifurcated contacts
sheet Accessories) – Hand solder terminals, for plug-and-socket
connection, screw fixing
Typical applications – Dust-protected
– Operation of the coil with alternating voltage

– Machine controls
126

With hand solder terminals, silver-plated
Also for plug-and-socket connection

plus screw fixing
With earth terminal
Dust-protected
Size I Size II
127
Contact Data
Ordering code block 3 B104/B110 B604/B610 C104/C110 C404/C410 F104 ... F107

50 VA 50 VA 500 VA
2A 5A
Contact sets
Size I

4 1

single contacts
contacts contacts
Size II
Number of contacts and type 4 changeover contacts 2 changeover contacts

4 1

Ordering code block 3 B110 C110 F 104
Ordering code block 3 B610 C 410
128
Coil Data
Nominal voltage from 6 Vac to 220 Vac
Coil version
Nominal voltage Unom DC resistance Terminals Coil number
Vac at 20° C Ordering code block 2
(50 Hz / 60 Hz) W Start End

6 8 ± 0.8 4 1 015
12 40 ± 4.0 4 1 017
24 170 ± 17 4 1 010
48 620 ± 62 4 1 019
60 1000 ± 100 4 1 008
110 3200 ± 480 4 1 007
220 14000 ± 2100 4 1 004
At 70° C ambient temperature the operating voltage is permitted to deviate from the rated values by + 10% and - 20%.
Load limit curve

Contact sets B1xx and C1xx Contact sets F1xx
129
General data
VDE 0435 part 201
Thermal resistance 35 K/VA
Continious thermal load 2.2 VA
Degree of protection acc. to EN 60529 /
IEC 60529 / VDE 0470 part 1 dust-protected IP 40
Mechanical endurance approx. 107 approx. 108
Weight
Size I approx. 35 g
Size II approx. 40 g
Insulation
winding / frame 500 Vacrms at nominal voltages £ 60 V
500 Vacrms at nominal voltages > 60 V
130
Ordering Code
Digit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
V 2 3 0 0 5
Basic type number of cradle relay W
Relay type
A0 = Size I
B0 = Size II
Coil number
Versions see page 5

see page 4
Ordering example:
V23005-B004-F104
Cradle relay W, size II, coil 220 Vac, 2 changeover contact set, single contacts, contact material
silver, gold-flashed
Note:
Special design can be carried out to customer specifications. Please contact your local representative.
Relay Code Tyco

Part Number
V23005A 4B104 0-1393816-1
V23005B 4B110 2-1393816-2
V23005B 4F104 2-1393816-8
V23005B 7B110 3-1393816-0
V23005B 10B110 4-1393816-0
V23005B 10F104 4-1393816-3
131
Cradle Relay S V23054
Hand solder and plug-in relay,

for DC operation,
Features Versions
– Stronger magnet system and thus wider voltage range – Size I, II or III, depending on contact set
than cradle relay N
– Standard contact sets with max. 6 changeover contacts
– highly reliable or 6 make contacts
– Contacts for signal loads and currents up to 5 A – Single or bifurcated contacts
– AC and DC, latching and non-latching, – Hand solder terminals also for plug-in connection with
coils operating voltage 6 V ... 220 V screw fixing
– Multi purpose relay – Dust-protected
meet specific applications
sheet Accessories)
– Press controls with high safety requirements

(forcibly guided springs)
– Traffic and railroad signalling engineering
– Motor vehicle traffic controls
132
Version V23054-Cxxx Size I and

V23054-Dxxx Size II
Also for plug-and-socket connection

plus screw fixing
With earth terminal
Dust-protected
Size I Size II
133
Version V23054-Exxx Size III

plus screw fixing
With earth terminal
Dust-protected
Size III
134
Contact Data
Ordering code block 3 B104/B110/ B604/B610/ C104/C110/ C404/C410/ F104/F105/
B112/B 133 B612/B633 C112/C133 C412/C433 F 110
Type of contact max. 6 changeover contacts or 6 make contacts
curve curve curve
50 VA 50 VA 500 VA
2A 5A
Load limit curve

Contact sets B1xx and C1xx Contact sets F1xx
135
Contact sets
Size I
Number of contacts and type 2 changeover contacts 2 make contacts

- I + - II +
3 2 4 1

Ordering code block 3 B104 C104 F105
Size II
Number of contacts and type 6 make contacts 4 changeover contacts 2 changeover

contacts
- I + - II +
3 2 4 1

Contact assembly single single single bifurcated single
contacts contacts contacts contacts contacts
Ordering code block 3 B112 C112 B110 C110 F 104
Ordering code block 3 B612 C412 B610 C 410
Size III
Number of contacts and type 6 changeover contacts 4 changeover contacts

- I + - II +
3 2 4 1

Ordering code block 3 B133 C133 F110
136
Coil Data
Nominal voltage from 6 Vdc to 220 Vdc
Typical nominal power consumption, at 20“C 1W
Coil version
Nominal Operating voltage range at 20° C Resistance Coil number
voltage at 20° C Ordering
Unom Minimum voltage UI Maximum code block 2
voltage UII
Vdc Vdc Vdc W
Conctact sets
-B104/-B604/ -B133/-B633/-C104/ C112 C133
-B110/-B610/ -C404/-C112/-C412/ C104 C433
-B612/-F105/ -F104 F110
6 2.4 2.9 3.5 4.5 9 33 ± 3.3 011
12 4.7 5.8 7.0 8.8 18 130 ± 13 015
24 10.5 13 15.5 20 39 630 ± 63 020
60 29 36 43 55 94 3800 ± 570 026
110 44 53.5 66 85 145 9200 ± 1380 004
125 59 73 88 112 190 15500 ± 2320 013
220 79 98 118 151 240 25000 ± 3750 003
Terminals:
Coil with 1 winding
Start 4 End 1
Coil with 2 windings (upon request)

Start 3 End 2 for winding I
Start 4 End 1 for winding II
The minimum voltage U I depends on the contact set and the ambient
temperature, the maximum voltage U II only depends on the ambient
temperature.
Between minimum voltage U I tamb and operating voltage U a safety

margin of approx. 20% is recommended.
UI tamb (1.2) < U £ UII tamb

UI tamb = UI 20° C
· kI tamb
· kII tamb
U = Operating voltage
Note: Instructions for impulse operation see data sheet cradle relay N
137
General data
Operating time at Unom and 20° C, typical 16 ms
Release time, typical 2 ms
Maximum switching rate without load 50 operations/s 10 operations/s
VDE 0435 part 201
Mechanical endurance approx. 108 approx. 107
Weight
Size I approx. 20 g
Size III approx. 27 g
Insulation
138
Ordering Code
Digit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
V 2 3 0 5 4
Basic type number of cradle relay S
Relay type
C = Size I
D = Size II
E = Size III
0 = standard version
1 = fitted with contact sets F (block 3)
2 = for higher test voltage
3 = contact sets F and higher test voltage winding / frame
Coil number
Versions see page 5

see page 4
Ordering example:
V23054-E0020-C133
Cradle relay S, size III, standard version, coil 24 Vdc, 6 changeover contact set, bifurcated contacts,
contact material silver, gold-flashed
Note:
Relay Code Tyco

Part Number
V23054D 20B110 5-1393812-1
V23054D 20C110 5-1393812-3
V23054D1020F104 9-1393812-3
V23054E 20B133 3-1393813-6
V23054E 22B133 4-1393813-4
V23054E1019F110 7-1393813-2
V23054E1020F110 7-1393813-6
139
Cradle Relay P V23003
Hand solder and plug-in relays,

for DC operation,
polarized, non-latching
Features Versions
– Primarily intended for impulse operation – Size I or II, depending on contact set
– highly reliable – Standard contact sets with max. 4 changeover, 2 break or
6 make contacts, special configurations on request
– Multi purpose relay
– Single or bifurcated contacts
meet specific applications – Hand solder terminals also for plug-in connection with
screw fixing
sheet Accessories) – Dust-protected
– Contacts for signal loads and currents up to 5 A
– For applications where the switching status must
be maintained
– Measuring systems
140


and screw fixing
With earth terminal
Dust-protected
Size I Size II
141
Contact Data
Ordering code block 3 B104/B110/ B604/B610/ C104/C110 C404/C410 F104 ... F107

50 VA 50 VA 500 VA
2A 5A
Contact sets
Size I

- I + - II +
3 2 4 1


single contacts
contacts contacts
Size II
Number of contacts and type 4 changeover contacts 2 changeover contatcs

- I + - II +
3 2 4 1

Ordering code block 3 B110 C110 F 104
142
Coil Data
Nominal voltage from 6 Vdc to 60 Vdc
Coil version
Nominal Operating voltage range at 20° C Win- Terminals Resistance Coil number
voltage ding at 20° C Ordering
Unom Minimum voltage UI Maximum voltage UII code block 2
Vdc Vdc Vdc Start End W
6 4.0 6.7 I 3 2 24.5 ± 2.5 026

4.0 6.7 II 4 1 24.5 ± 2.5
12 8.0 13.5 I 3 2 100 ± 10 025
8.0 13.5 II 4 1 100 ± 10
24 16.5 26.5 I 3 2 400 ± 60 037
16.5 25 II 4 1 340 ± 34
48 33.5 49 I 3 2 1400 ± 210 064
33.5 49 II 4 1 1400 ± 210
60 44 65 I 3 2 2400 ± 360 044
44 65 II 4 1 2400 ± 360
With continuous operation only one winding at a time may be energized UI tamb = UI · kI tamb
20° C
within the specific voltage range.
· kII tamb
The minimum voltage U I and the maximum voltage U II
depends on the tamb = Ambient temperature
ambient temperature. UI tamb = Minimum voltage at ambient temperature, tamb
Operate - negative potential at start of winding Operate - negative potential at start of winding
143
Instructions for impulse operation

Cradle relay P is primarily intended for impulse operation. The maximum voltage stated in the table (page 5)
can be increased for impulse operation as follows:
U II Impuls = U II tamb . q
U II tamb = Maximum continuous voltage at ambient temperature t amb
q = Factor
The impulse voltage must not exceed 80% of the test voltage (winding/frame or winding/winding) or 3.3
times at ambient tem-perature =20 °C and 2.3 times at ambient temperature < 20 °C the value of the
maximum voltage listed in the table (page 5).
Ift ED £ 3 s then q =
IftED = Pulse width

t2 = Cycle time
If tED = > 3 s the value of q must be obtained from the nomograph (cradle relay N datasheet page 10).
Examples of various periodic pulse trains (energizing side)
1. Periodic recurrence of one energizing pulse
tED = tI + tII
tI = Pulse width of the positive pulse at the start of the winding
tII = Pulse width of the negative pulse at the start of the winding
tI + tII = Pulse widths within one cycle
2. Periodic recurrence of two unequal energizing pulses
144
General data
Operating time at Unom and 20° C, typical 4 ms
Release time, typical 4 ms
VDE 0435 part 201
Mechanical endurance approx. 107 operations
Weight
Size I approx. 25 g
Insulation
Load limit curve

Contact sets B1xx and C1 xx Contact sets F1xx
145
Digit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
V 2 3 0 0 3
Basic type number of cradle relay P
Relay type
A0 = Size I
B0 = Size II
Coil number
Versions see page 5

see page 4
Ordering example:
V23003-B0037-F104
Cradle relay P, size II, dust-protected, coil 24 Vdc, 2 changeover contact set, single contacts,
contact material silver, gold-flashed
Note:
Relay Code Tyco

Part Number
V23003A 44B104 1-1393817-8
V23003B 37B110 3-1393817-9
V23003B 37C110 4-1393817-1
V23003B 37F104 4-1393817-5
V23003B 64B110 6-1393817-3
146
Cradle Relay Accessories and Mounting
Sockets with hand solder terminals Sockets with PCB terminals

Size I Size I
Approx. weight 3.5 g Approx. weight 4.5 g
Size II Size II
Size III Size III
147
Sockets with hand solder terminals Sockets with PCB terminals

with hold-down spring for cradle relays N, S and P
with hold-down spring for cradle relay W
Socket Size I Size II Size III

Dimension a 26.6 32.5 38
148
Ordering Code
Version Size Ordering code Tyco Part Number
Sockets
for printed circuit mounting, I V23154-Z1001 0-1393824-1
terminals silver-plated II V23154-Z1002 9-1393809-1
with earth terminal III V23154-Z1028 1-1393824-0
for solder terminals, I V23154-Z1005 0-1393824-4
hand solder terminals, silver-plated II V23154-Z1006 0-1393824-5
II V23154-Z1015 0-1393824-8
Hold-down springs
for cradle relays N, S and P I V23154-Z1021 0-1393824-5
II V23154-Z1022 0-1393827-2
III V23154-Z1034 0-1393760-2
for cradle relay W I V23154-Z1023 0-1393827-3
II V23154-Z1024 0-1393760-1
Gold plated terminals on request
General Data
Terminal material CuSn8 FB 390 plated with min. 3 mm silver or min. 1 mm gold
Socket material with solder terminals Phenolformaldehyde - type 31 (DIN 7708, part 2)
Socket material with PCB terminals Makrolon (polycarbonate)
Maximum continous current at 70° C 5A
149
Minimum spacings between sockets

Socket Dimension c
Size I 27
Size II 33
Size III 39
for cradle relay P

Relays oriented in the same direction
Socket Dimension b Dimension c

Size I 27 42
Size II 33 48
Size III 39 54
Relays oriented inversely to each other
When mounting cradle relay P consideration should be given to magnetic fields. Strong DC magnetic fields, possibly caused by ad jacent relays,
and large iron masses are the most common causes of interference. Experience has shown that under normal operating conditions the minimum
spacings specified for cradle relay P are sufficient to prevent cross interference.
150
Mounting hole layout for cradle relays and sockets with hand solder terminals

Size I Size II Size III
*) This hole is omitted when the mounting hole layout is intended for the socket.
Fixing of the socket

AM 2.5 x ... DIN 84
(Screw length = Dimension a + 3.5 mmm
2.7 DIN 433
BM 2.5 DIN 439
Earth spring
Direct mounting of relays without socket requires a fixing nut M2.5 DIN 934-m6AU.
Ordering code: D00934-A0025-S001
151
Mounting hole layot for sockets with PCB terminals

Basic grid 2.5 mm according to EN 60097
Size I Size II Size II
View onto the terminals M = Earth terminal
a) Hole for mechanical armature actuation, if required

b) Hole for the socket mounting with screw M1.6
Fixing of the socket
AM 1.6 x ... DIN 84

(Screw length = Dimension a + 7.5 mm
1.7 DIN 433
BM 1.6 DIN 439
152
Tyco Electronics AXICOM Ltd.
Seestrasse 295 - P.O. Box 220
CH-8804 Au-Wädenswil / Switzerland
Phone +41 1 782 9111
Fax +41 1 782 9080
E-mail: axicom@tycoelectronics.com
Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH

Paulsternstrasse 26
D-13629 Berlin / Germany
Phone +49 30 386 38260
Fax +49 30 386 38569
Tyco Electronics EC Trutnov s.r.o.

Komenského 821
CZ-541 01 Trutnov / Czech Republic
Tyco Electronics Corporation

POB 3608,
Harrisburg, PA 17105, USA
Phone +1 800-522-6752
Ref.-No. 1308202
Edition 02/04
Printed in Switzerland
Issued by
Tyco Electronics AXICOM
Seestrasse 295
CH-8804 Au-Wädenswil
IM02GR.
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The Technology Company

Telecom and Signal Relays

For the stated circuits, descriptions and tables no

All data contained in this catalogue has been carefully

Types IM P2 FX2 FT2 / FU2 FP2

Coil voltages [V] 1,5 - 24 3-24 3-48 3-48 3-48

Switching voltage [V] DC 220 220 220 125 125

Switching power [W / VA]

Breakdown voltage Coil-contact 1800 1500 1800 1500 1000

RF characteristics Isolation [dB] -18.8 -20.7 -15.1 -13.7 -22.3

Termination THT, SMT THT, SMT THT THT, SMT THT

-14.2 -20.7 -17.2 -18 - - - -

max. 2 max. 1 max. 2 max. 5 max. 2 max. 1 max. 2 on request

Temperature range up Clamping Diode, Clamping Diode

76 82 88 94 102 108 111 114

· fully automatic production lines Telecom Relay Signal Relay

Fig. 1 Relay classification according to actuator type

Pout (output power)

Ambient temperature tamb [°C]

UI = Minimum voltage at 23° C after pre-energizing Pout (return power)

Fig. 3: Temperature dependence of operate and release Re turn loss

Pout (output power)

V. Relay driving VI. Contact Performance

Whenever two conductors are put together in order to

Generally, when power of a relay coil is removed, due to the

The constriction resistance is caused by the increased a) Single atomic layers

c) Polymeric coatings 4. Arcing contacts

a) Switching DC circuits Capacitive loads

A DC circuit is interrupted (the arc is extinguished) as soon

Fig. 15: Interruption of an AC circuit.

5. Material transfer and contact erosion

In DC circuits, material transfer and contact erosion are

Fig. 14: Voltage – current characteristics of arc burning

6. Electrical Endurance a) Test procedure

Detailed test results obtained from electrical endurance

To achieve optimum contact performance, the Au High conductivity. Very soft, HV 20

PdRu 10 High conducting High cost

PdNi 30 Low material transfer High cost

AgCdO/AgSnO2 High erosion protection High contact

Tab. 4: Silver and silver alloys for the use in telecom

When relays are gastight, in order to protect the contacts

As a consequence of the above considerations, the dielectric

Filling relays with electronegative gases significantly

D . Dielectric and surge requirements

The dielectric measurements can be defined and

The dielectric values as well as the impulse voltage values

The current surge measurements are performed with the

IEC/EN 61811 series yes yes no no

the distance between the relays, the number of adjacent C. Packaging

Modern relays are high precision components that are

A. Storage F. Automatic handling

Time (s) Tab. 7: Impact of soldering equipment on relays

the body of the unsealed relay. Flux resistant and sealed

130° C fluxing process, fully sealed relays (plastic or hermetically

Before flow soldering, the entire PCB should be preheated.

The automated soldering process has to be controlled

L. SMT soldering thinner-based solvents, chlorosene-based solvents,

If the relays are soldered by hand, the process should be