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org © 2017 IJCRT | International Conference Proceeding ICCCT Dec 2017| ISSN: 2320-2882
International Conference On Communication & Computational Technologies by RIET, Jaipur & IJCRT.ORG 2017

E-Smart Bin Technology & Waste Segregation System

1
Snehashis Jha
1
Assistant Professor
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
1
Rajasthan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur, India
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Abstract: In the recent decades, Urbanization has increased tremendously. At the same phase there is an increase in waste production. Waste
management has been a crucial issue to be considered. This paper is a way to achieve this good cause. In this paper, smart bin is built on a
microcontroller based platform Arduino Uno board which is interfaced with GSM modem and Ultrasonic sensor. Ultrasonic sensor is placed at the
top of the bin which will measure the stature of the bin. The threshold stature is set as 10cm. Arduino will be programmed in such a way that when
the bin is being filled, the remaining height from the threshold height will be displayed. Once the garbage reaches the threshold level ultrasonic
sensor will trigger the GSM modem which will continuously alert the required authority until the garbage in the bin is squashed.. At regular intervals
bin will be squashed. Another serious peril that follows is the escalating amount of waste generated each minute by an individual. An astounding 0.1
million tonnes of waste is generated each day in India. Sadly, only 5% of this colossal amount of waste is recycled. One possible solution for this
problem could be segregating the waste at the disposal level itself. In India, the collection, transportation and disposal of MSW are unscientific and
chaotic. This has found to reduce the average life span of the manual segregators. Developing a mechanized system to help save the lives of many
and making the world a cleaner and a greener place is the noble objective of this research. Thus the proposed work focuses on an automatic waste
segregator that aims at segregating the waste at the disposal level itself.

Index Terms –smart bin, smart city, e-bin, waste management, Audrino UNO
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
Bad waste management can easily result in air pollution and soil contamination. They have an adverse effect on human health. There
are about 235 million people currently suffering from asthma for which foul smelling of garbage is also a vital reason. Almost 90% of
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) occur in low and middle income countries which are caused by foul smelling. More
than 3 million people died of COPD in 2005. Improper management of garbage is identified to be one of the major causes for 22
human diseases causing premature death every year.
As people are getting smarter so are the things. While the thought comes up for Smart cities there is a requirement for Smart waste
management. The idea of Smart bin is for the Smart buildings, Colleges, Hospitals and Bus stands. The Smart Bin thus thought is an
improvement of normal bin by elevating it to be smart using sensors and logics. It is a new idea of implementation which makes a
normal bin smart using ultrasonic sensors for garbage level detection and sending message to the concerned authorities by updating
the status of the bin using GSM modem.
The expectation of this work model is to solve the problems of waste management by smoothing the operation of waste collection and
make the ease for monitoring the bin. It also becomes the user-friendly bin that can use for all type of people. Waste collector can
collect the garbage upon getting the information that, the bin is full.Sso it will save time for them to navigate the full bins and collect
the garbage without fussing around for checking. The design includes the garbage level checking at regular intervals which will also
prevent the undesirable waste overflow of the bin. The garbage filling level of the bin and its original height could be sensed by the
ultrasonic sensor. Programming is done in Arduino UNO environment in a way that once the level of filling is sensed, a message
regarding the same will be automatically sent with a request for clean-up.

II. PROPOSED WORK

Smart bin is built on Arduino board platform. It is interfaced with a GSM modem (SIM 900A) and the bin is equipped with
Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04). The ultrasonic sensor has two pins: Trigger and Echo, which are used for calculating the distance of
the object by generating sound waves and thus calculating the time duration of the echo that is generated. Arduino Uno board is used
as microcontroller platform. Interfacing is done between GSM modem and Arduino board by connecting RX pin of modem to TX
pin of board and vice-versa. A GSM modem is a specialized type wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. It
accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. A GSM modem can be an
external device or a PC Card / PCMCIA Card. An external GSM modem is connected to a computer through a serial cable or a USB
cable. When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to communicate over the mobile network. While
these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and
receiving SMS and MMS message. GSM Modem sends and receives data through radio waves. However, three sensors can be
employed at various heights like h/3, 2h/3 and h, where h is the height of the bin but to make it affordable and to achieve the same
results, only one sensor is placed at surface level. Arduino Uno board is used as microcontroller platform. Interfacing is done
between GSM modem and Arduino board by connecting RX pin of modem to TX

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www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | International Conference Proceeding ICCCT Dec 2017| ISSN: 2320-2882
International Conference On Communication & Computational Technologies by RIET, Jaipur & IJCRT.ORG 2017

pin of board and vice-versa. The bins generally placed by civic authorities for garbage collections at various places are prone to many
problems like health and environment problems. The “e-bin” resolves this problem completely and presents a manageable system for
tracing, identifying, quantifying and collecting the garbage. The idea of using technology enabled bin is not new, but none of the
designs have utilized solar power for operation or attempted chemical profiling of garbage. A sample size 200 can be used for this
technique. A questionnaire was provided to residents and on the basis of responses, various factors affecting the proper collection and
disposal of garbage were studied and the prominent factor was lack of timely collection of garbage from bin installed at public places.
This lead to search for possible solution and better method which is technologically capable of addressing this problem which
culminated by conceptualization IOT (Internet of Things) based Eco Friendly nicknamed “E-bin”.

III. HARDWARE
III.A. Components Required
Table 1: List of Hardware component
S.No Name of Item/Component Specification

1. Arduino UNO ATmega328P

2. Servo Motors 60 rpm
3. GSM Module SIM 900A
4. Battery 9V/655mAh
5. LED 3V/350mA
6. Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
7. Soil Moisture Sensor Power: 3 mA @ 5VDC
9. Capacitors As per requirement (with different ratings)
10. Resistors As per requirement(with different ratings)
11. Connecting wires As per requirement(with different ratings)

III.B. Circuit Diagram

Smart bin is built on Arduino board platform. It is interfaced with a GSM modem (SIM 900A) and the bin is equipped with Ultrasonic
sensor (HC-SR04). The ultrasonic sensor has two pins: Trigger and Echo, which are used for calculating the distance of the object by
generating sound waves and thus calculating the time duration of the echo that is generated. Arduino Uno board is used as
microcontroller platform. Interfacing is done between GSM modem and Arduino board by connecting RX pin of modem to TX pin of
board and vice-versa.

Fig.1: Block diagram of the hardware

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www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | International Conference Proceeding ICCCT Dec 2017| ISSN: 2320-2882
International Conference On Communication & Computational Technologies by RIET, Jaipur & IJCRT.ORG 2017

A GSM modem is a specialized type wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. It accepts a SIM card, and operates
over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. A GSM modem can be an external device or a PC Card / PCMCIA
Card. An external GSM modem is connected to a computer through a serial cable or a USB cable. When a GSM modem is connected to
a computer, this allows the computer to communicate over the mobile network. While these GSM modems are most frequently used to
provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS message. GSM Modem
sends and receives data through radio waves. However, three sensors can be employed at various heights like h/3, 2h/3 and h,
where h is the height of the bin but to make it affordable and to achieve the same results, only one sensor is placed at surface level.
Arduino Uno board is used as microcontroller platform. Interfacing is done between GSM modem and Arduino board by connecting
RX pin of modem to TX pin of board and vice-versa.
The bins generally placed by civic authorities for garbage collections at various places are prone to many problems like health and
environment problems. The “e-bin” resolves this problem completely and presents a manageable system for tracing, identifying,
quantifying and collecting the garbage. The idea of using technology enabled bin is not new, but none of the designs have utilized solar
power for operation or attempted chemical profiling of garbage. A sample size 200 can be used for this technique. A questionnaire was
provided to residents and on the basis of responses, various factors affecting the proper collection and disposal of garbage were studied
and the prominent factor was lack of timely collection of garbage from bin installed at public places. This lead to search for possible
solution and better method which is technologically capable of addressing this problem which culminated by conceptualization IOT
(Internet of Things) based Eco Friendly nicknamed “E-bin”.

IV. ADVANTAGES
The present methodology being followed for waste collection has many flaws in it so an immediate step has to be taken before it
breaks down the whole system. The first major advantage of it is that it will stop overflowing of dustbins along roadsides and
localities as smart bins are managed at real time. The filling and cleaning time of smart bin will also be reduced thus making empty
and clean dustbins available to common people. Using the prediction and route algorithm it will smartly find the shortest route thus
reducing the workforce, the number of trucks required to clean, the amount of fuel consumed by trucks and thus can save a large
amount of tax payer’s money as well. It also aims at creating a clean as well as green environment, as it will reduce the fuel
consumption and in turn reducing the pollution in the air. As it is being said that the technology which goes parallel with environment
is the need of an hour. Smart dustbin is the real solution for all what matters with the domestic and public trash bins By its name E-
Bin performs ecologically, providing benefits to the environment and act as a mate, understanding the user requirements in a wider
scope. Stray dogs or animals could not reach and cause pollution by splitting the waste from the dustbin promising a clean
environment in the city. It may be in your home, office or public arena smart dustbin implies the smartness over its functionalities.

V. CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORKS

In this paper, implementation is done only for a single bin. Integration of many bins each with a unique ID can be done by
implementing the principles of IOT and creating database for each bin which can be maintained by using SQL technology and a login
webpage can be created to ensure authorized entries.
Apart from this, differentiation can be made between dry trash bin and wet trash bin collecting plastic dry waste and biodegradable
waste respectively. To implement this methane and smell sensors can be used. This helps in distinguishing the waste at the source and
hence reducing the requirement of manpower.
To enhance it further, an automated system can be developed which is able to pick up waste in and around the bin, segregate them and
put them in respective bins. An efficient waste management system is the need of the hour. This automatic waste segregator
is one small step towards building an efficacious and economic waste collection system with minimum amount of human intervention.
However as is the case with many automated system, this system also has a few limitations. Inlet section can be incorporated with a
crusher mechanism to reduce the size of the incoming waste. Inlet section can also be integrated with a blower mechanism to
dehumidify the waste input in the system. Provisions can be made for on spot decomposition of wet waste. GSM contraption to
intimate to the nearest industry to use the metals collected. Plastics can be segregated from the collected dry waste and also be
processed based on their types, grades and colors. Thus further separation of dry waste can also be done.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
My deep gratitude intended for the lecturers of our department and concerned people because without their help, it is very difficult to
complete the work presented in this paper.

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IJCRTICCC038 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 260

www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | International Conference Proceeding ICCCT Dec 2017| ISSN: 2320-2882
International Conference On Communication & Computational Technologies by RIET, Jaipur & IJCRT.ORG 2017

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