Adb Japan

JAPAN
Asian Development Bank (ADB)

Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2016
www.adb.org/statistics
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
POPULATION
Total population million; as of 1 July 126.8 127.1 127.4 127.7 127.8 127.8 127.9 128.0 128.1 128.0 128.1 127.8 127.6 127.3 127.1 127.0
Population density persons per square kilometer 340 341 342 342 343 343 343 343 344 344 344 343 342 342 341 341
Population annual change, percent 0.17 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.11 0.05 -0.01 0.02 -0.20 -0.20 -0.17 -0.16 -0.14
Urban population percent of total population 78.6 80.0 81.6 83.2 84.6 86.0 87.1 88.0 88.9 89.7 90.5 91.2 91.9 92.5 93.0 93.5
LABOR FORCEa thousand; calendar year 67,660 67,520 66,890 66,660 66,420 66,510 66,640 66,840 66,740 66,500 66,320 65,910 65,550 65,770 65,870 65,980
Employed 64,460 64,120 63,300 63,160 63,290 63,560 63,890 64,270 64,090 63,140 62,980 62,890 62,700 63,110 63,510 63,760
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3,260 3,130 2,960 2,930 2,860 2,820 2,720 2,730 2,700 2,640 2,550 2,490 2,400 2,330 2,300 2,280
Mining and quarrying 50 50 50 50 40 30 30 40 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
Manufacturing 13,210 12,840 12,020 11,780 11,500 11,420 11,630 11,700 11,510 10,820 10,600 10,490 10,320 10,390 10,400 10,350
Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply; water 340 340 340 320 310 350 360 330 320 340 340 310 310 300 290 290
supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation
activities
Construction 6,530 6,320 6,180 6,040 5,840 5,680 5,600 5,540 5,410 5,220 5,040 5,020 5,030 4,990 5,050 5,000
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and 14,740 14,730 11,080 10,950 10,850 10,840 10,760 10,790 10,700 10,590 10,620 10,570 10,420 10,570 10,590 10,540
motorcycles
Accommodation and food service activities 3,960 3,880 3,850 3,810 3,740 3,790 3,720 3,790 3,860 3,820 3,760 3,840 3,850 3,830
Transportation and storage 4,140 4,070 3,270 3,350 3,260 3,200 3,280 3,310 3,430 3,500 3,520 3,510 3,400 3,400 3,360 3,340
Information and communication 1,580 1,630 1,710 1,750 1,800 1,920 1,900 1,940 1,970 1,900 1,880 1,920 2,030 2,090
Financial and insurance activities 2,480 2,400 1,690 1,610 1,590 1,570 1,550 1,550 1,640 1,650 1,630 1,620 1,630 1,650 1,540 1,530
Real estate activities 1,010 970 980 1,010 1,070 1,130 1,110 1,100 1,100 1,130 1,120 1,100 1,120 1,200
Other services 19,710 20,240 19,160 19,650 20,500 21,080 21,350 21,440 21,620 21,520 21,720 22,000 22,400 22,590 22,950 23,280
Unemployed 3,200 3,400 3,590 3,500 3,130 2,940 2,750 2,570 2,650 3,360 3,340 3,020 2,850 2,650 2,360 2,220
Unemployment rate percent 4.7 5.0 5.4 5.3 4.7 4.4 4.1 3.9 4.0 5.1 5.1 4.6 4.3 4.0 3.6 3.4
Labor force annual change, percent -0.2 -0.2 -0.9 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 -0.6 -0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2
Labor force participation rate percent 62.4 62.0 61.2 60.8 60.4 60.4 60.4 60.4 60.2 59.9 59.6 59.3 59.1 59.3 59.4 59.6
Male 76.4 75.7 74.7 74.1 73.4 73.3 73.2 73.1 72.8 72.0 71.6 71.1 70.8 70.5 70.4 70.3
Female 49.3 49.2 48.5 48.3 48.3 48.4 48.5 48.5 48.4 48.5 48.5 48.2 48.2 48.9 49.2 49.6
NATIONAL ACCOUNTSb billion yen; calendar year

At Current Prices
GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 509,860 505,543 499,147 498,855 503,725 503,903 506,687 512,975 501,209 471,139 482,677 471,579 475,332 479,084 486,871 499,228
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 8,076 7,280 7,262 6,888 6,616 6,108 5,957 5,854 5,700 5,440 5,656 5,426 5,740 5,689 5,666 ...
Mining and quarrying 589 579 507 482 401 400 397 392 353 283 301 304 290 320 342 ...
Manufacturing 107,536 99,488 95,937 96,583 98,500 99,699 100,268 103,565 98,666 83,351 94,333 87,284 87,948 88,319 90,149 ...
Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply 13,347 13,594 13,218 12,650 12,498 11,712 11,259 10,423 9,661 11,132 11,008 8,551 8,005 8,316 9,631 ...
Water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities
Construction 36,332 34,005 32,331 31,667 31,200 29,018 29,547 29,385 28,091 26,948 26,198 26,461 26,797 28,385 29,564 ...
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and 69,001 69,593 69,074 69,080 73,094 74,814 71,743 69,871 70,111 64,136 65,981 67,131 67,964 68,496 68,577 ...
motorcycles
Accommodation and food service activities
Transportation and storage 23,459 23,398 23,535 23,857 24,517 24,379 25,428 26,483 25,383 22,974 23,465 22,858 23,686 23,276 24,402 ...
Information and communication 25,361 26,387 26,877 26,936 26,785 26,269 26,764 27,181 27,306 26,189 25,978 25,871 25,999 26,372 26,669 ...
Financial and insurance activities 25,343 28,275 29,834 30,799 30,383 30,789 30,215 30,808 25,082 23,742 23,766 22,430 21,865 21,482 21,089 ...
Real estate activities 54,474 53,964 53,517 53,576 53,788 54,042 55,365 55,721 56,013 56,879 56,890 56,726 56,505 56,161 56,307 ...
Professional, scientific, and technical activities 32,084 31,980 31,347 31,210 31,706 33,776 35,187 36,796 37,610 33,853 32,644 32,637 32,599 33,578 34,208 ...
Administrative and support service activities
Public administration and defense; compulsory social 46,059 46,283 46,595 46,014 45,719 45,500 45,651 45,872 45,881 45,054 43,924 44,042 43,501 43,041 44,023 ...
securityc
Educationd 4,634 4,648 4,568 4,572 4,623 4,655 4,679 4,707 4,641 4,688 4,612 4,735 4,777 4,824 4,911 ...
Human health and social work activitiese 27,563 27,999 27,759 28,034 28,219 28,813 29,634 30,803 31,015 32,301 34,055 35,018 36,980 37,179 37,027 ...
Arts, entertainment, and recreation f
Other service activitiesf 34,122 32,915 32,844 32,172 31,204 30,635 31,196 31,700 31,191 30,367 29,964 29,493 30,090 29,918 30,286 ...
Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
goods- and services-producing activities of households
for own use
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Taxes and duties on imports 3,869 3,997 3,875 4,052 4,279 4,770 5,408 5,712 5,945 4,368 4,847 5,550 5,703 6,377 8,686 ...
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Less: Consumption taxes for gross capital formation 3,115 3,077 2,662 2,811 3,070 2,860 2,984 3,455 3,405 2,410 2,593 2,610 2,717 2,652 4,108 ...
Statistical discrepancy 1,127 4,236 2,727 3,095 3,265 1,386 972 1,159 1,964 1,844 1,649 -326 -399 3 -557 ...
Net factor income from abroad 6,480 8,389 8,042 8,262 9,386 11,749 14,465 17,338 16,793 13,078 12,974 14,675 15,055 17,641 19,736 22,915
GNIg 516,340 513,933 507,189 507,117 513,112 515,652 521,152 530,313 518,002 484,216 495,651 486,254 490,386 496,725 506,607 522,143
Structure of Output percent of GDP at current producer prices

Agriculture 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 ...
Industry 31.1 29.5 28.7 28.6 28.6 28.1 28.1 28.2 27.5 26.0 27.5 26.1 26.0 26.4 26.9 ...
Services 67.3 69.0 69.9 70.0 70.1 70.6 70.7 70.6 71.3 72.8 71.3 72.7 72.8 72.4 72.0 ...
Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 509,860 505,543 499,147 498,855 503,725 503,903 506,687 512,975 501,209 471,139 482,677 471,579 475,332 479,084 486,871 499,228
Household final consumption 282,804 284,356 283,739 281,953 282,970 285,345 287,423 288,315 286,433 277,220 279,844 277,725 281,143 284,931 288,216 285,184
NPISHs final consumption 5,364 5,432 5,299 5,561 5,629 5,787 6,011 5,807 5,622 5,722 6,024 6,520 7,053 7,371 7,180 7,234
General government final consumption 86,308 89,655 91,306 91,343 91,909 92,468 91,966 92,793 93,019 93,820 95,129 96,117 97,145 98,721 100,453 101,817
Gross capital formation 127,999 122,867 112,105 111,740 113,357 113,209 114,920 117,387 115,162 92,651 95,625 95,224 99,161 101,689 106,240 109,858
Gross fixed capital formation 128,515 122,836 114,212 112,224 111,787 112,574 114,896 115,781 112,462 97,991 96,431 97,107 100,020 103,700 107,128 108,224
Public 36,021 33,922 31,601 28,686 26,671 24,227 23,347 22,300 21,378 22,230 22,228 20,520 21,010 23,006 23,799 23,416
Private 92,495 88,914 82,610 83,538 85,116 88,347 91,549 93,481 91,085 75,760 74,203 76,587 79,009 80,694 83,329 84,809
Changes in inventories -517 31 -2,106 -484 1,571 635 24 1,606 2,700 -5,340 -806 -1,883 -858 -2,011 -888 1,634
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Exports of goods and services 55,459 52,823 56,168 59,228 66,544 72,122 81,939 91,037 88,770 59,814 73,475 71,566 69,986 77,552 86,390 89,341
Exports of goods 49,526 46,584 49,480 51,934 58,295 62,632 71,631 79,725 77,335 50,857 63,922 62,725 61,442 66,979 ... ...
Exports of services 5,934 6,240 6,689 7,294 8,249 9,490 10,309 11,311 11,435 8,957 9,553 8,841 8,544 10,573 ... ...
Less: Imports of goods and services 48,073 49,589 49,471 50,971 56,684 65,028 75,572 82,363 87,798 58,088 67,419 75,572 79,157 91,181 101,607 94,206
Imports of goods 37,154 38,182 37,929 39,958 44,393 52,297 62,167 67,403 73,307 46,819 55,943 64,341 67,256 77,650 ... ...
Imports of services 10,919 11,407 11,542 11,013 12,292 12,731 13,405 14,960 14,491 11,268 11,476 11,231 11,900 13,532 ... ...
Structure of Demand percent of GDP at current market prices

Household consumptionh 56.5 57.3 57.9 57.6 57.3 57.8 57.9 57.3 58.3 60.1 59.2 60.3 60.6 61.0 60.7 58.6
Government consumption 16.9 17.7 18.3 18.3 18.2 18.4 18.2 18.1 18.6 19.9 19.7 20.4 20.4 20.6 20.6 20.4
Gross capital formation 25.1 24.3 22.5 22.4 22.5 22.5 22.7 22.9 23.0 19.7 19.8 20.2 20.9 21.2 21.8 22.0
Change in inventories -0.1 0.0 -0.4 -0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.5 -1.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 0.3
Exports of goods and services 10.9 10.4 11.3 11.9 13.2 14.3 16.2 17.7 17.7 12.7 15.2 15.2 14.7 16.2 17.7 17.9
Imports of goods and services 9.4 9.8 9.9 10.2 11.3 12.9 14.9 16.1 17.5 12.3 14.0 16.0 16.7 19.0 20.9 18.9
At Chained Prices
GDP by industrial origin at 2005 market prices 474,847 476,535 477,915 485,968 497,441 503,921 512,452 523,686 518,231 489,588 512,655 510,326 519,217 526,261 526,096 528,970
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 7,550 6,946 7,378 6,708 6,045 6,108 6,005 6,386 6,843 6,199 6,140 6,262 6,297 6,425 6,277 ...
Mining and quarrying 501 515 481 474 394 400 395 364 319 180 190 192 180 196 194 ...
Manufacturing 90,971 87,725 86,301 90,314 95,565 99,699 104,396 110,701 111,581 91,831 109,793 107,021 109,458 109,567 111,232 ...
Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply 10,448 10,650 10,595 10,534 10,852 11,712 11,923 11,320 12,212 9,935 11,010 9,567 7,532 7,614 7,612 ...
Water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities
Construction 34,845 33,575 32,531 31,659 31,125 29,018 29,415 28,793 26,715 26,185 25,584 25,823 26,233 27,679 28,205 ...
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and 66,458 68,938 70,044 70,458 73,716 74,814 70,778 68,102 66,470 63,071 65,210 65,943 67,461 67,772 66,031 ...
motorcycles
Accommodation and food service activities
Transportation and storage 22,663 22,559 22,880 23,505 24,327 24,379 25,945 27,094 26,347 22,709 23,628 23,407 24,128 23,746 24,319 ...
Information and communication 22,583 24,781 26,100 26,638 26,589 26,269 27,339 28,149 28,736 27,884 28,168 28,507 28,801 29,729 29,957 ...
Financial and insurance activities 33,936 31,834 30,317 30,216 29,899 30,789 31,107 32,803 27,659 27,314 27,968 27,023 27,693 28,924 28,705 ...
Real estate activities 51,241 51,089 51,580 52,334 53,279 54,042 55,623 56,275 56,738 57,567 58,076 58,694 59,015 59,131 59,774 ...
Professional, scientific, and technical activities 26,078 27,709 28,336 29,427 30,802 33,776 35,585 37,617 38,595 34,853 34,216 34,520 34,855 35,988 35,739 ...
Administrative and support service activities
Public administration and defense; compulsory social 44,020 44,492 45,000 45,634 45,619 45,500 45,715 46,000 45,862 46,456 45,790 46,006 45,957 45,650 45,622 ...
securityc
Educationd 4,205 4,219 4,290 4,410 4,556 4,655 4,700 4,721 4,690 4,905 4,982 5,222 5,374 5,515 5,588 ...
Human health and social work activities e, i
26,805 27,229 27,342 27,811 28,223 28,813 29,881 31,271 31,345 31,721 32,938 33,834 35,417 35,819 35,393 ...
Arts, entertainment, and recreationf
Other service activitiesf 33,735 33,001 32,963 32,323 31,430 30,635 31,216 31,657 31,672 30,353 30,133 30,095 30,752 30,526 30,395 ...
Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
goods- and services-producing activities of households
for own use
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Taxes and duties on imports 4,026 4,158 4,041 4,201 4,279 4,770 4,852 4,826 4,640 4,414 4,646 4,894 4,996 4,996 6,525 ...
Less: Consumption taxes for gross capital formation 2,751 2,722 2,418 2,590 2,769 2,865 2,987 3,226 3,189 2,356 2,642 2,674 2,785 2,731 2,830 ...
Statistical discrepancy -675 969 1,077 2,472 3,871 1,409 564 1,097 1,382 4,907 6,237 4,997 6,756 8,617 5,961 ...
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
GNIg 489,519 492,933 493,931 501,202 511,759 515,715 521,619 532,325 518,293 497,367 515,145 508,366 516,192 523,987 523,108 536,150
Growth of Output annual change, percent

GDP 2.3 0.4 0.3 1.7 2.4 1.3 1.7 2.2 -1.0 -5.5 4.7 -0.5 1.7 1.4 -0.0 0.5
Agriculture 2.0 -8.0 6.2 -9.1 -9.9 1.0 -1.7 6.3 7.2 -9.4 -1.0 2.0 0.6 2.0 -2.3 ...
Industry ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Services ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Expenditure on GDP at 2005 market prices 474,847 476,535 477,915 485,968 497,441 503,921 512,452 523,686 518,231 489,588 512,655 510,326 519,217 526,261 526,115 528,970
Household final consumption 269,225 273,514 276,838 277,941 281,095 285,345 288,373 291,280 288,702 286,411 294,115 294,343 300,559 305,296 302,788 299,068
NPISHs final consumption 5,135 5,227 5,232 5,532 5,646 5,787 5,972 5,785 5,615 5,932 6,322 6,877 7,511 7,906 7,601 7,672
General government final consumption 82,991 86,457 88,704 90,369 91,744 92,468 92,493 93,521 93,403 95,525 97,335 98,537 100,180 102,045 102,161 103,350
Gross fixed capital formation 119,223 116,716 110,994 111,191 111,630 112,574 114,272 114,631 109,923 98,282 98,043 99,399 102,787 105,390 106,761 106,951
Public 34,959 33,613 31,890 29,131 26,952 24,227 23,002 21,635 20,032 21,435 21,575 19,797 20,322 21,952 22,047 21,493
Private 84,574 83,371 79,355 82,175 84,722 88,347 91,270 93,013 89,926 76,689 76,301 79,556 82,429 83,313 84,604 85,458
Changes in inventories -421 132 -2,094 -430 1,943 650 31 1,622 2,798 -4,939 -616 -1,799 -820 -1,899 -858 1,861
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Exports of goods and services 54,196 50,428 54,409 59,567 67,888 72,122 79,287 86,184 87,405 66,257 82,709 82,406 82,201 83,197 90,123 92,638
Exports of goods 48,093 44,222 47,735 52,167 59,509 62,632 69,460 75,754 76,637 56,580 72,386 72,566 72,618 72,215 ... ...
Exports of services 6,073 6,207 6,674 7,403 8,382 9,490 9,827 10,435 10,767 9,600 10,292 9,831 9,583 10,916 ... ...
Less: Imports of goods and services 54,932 55,417 55,609 57,805 62,398 65,028 67,975 69,554 69,795 58,829 65,338 69,199 72,847 75,097 80,479 80,783
Imports of goods 42,244 42,892 43,085 45,990 49,596 52,297 55,420 56,454 57,155 47,559 53,767 57,645 60,364 62,198 ... ...
Imports of services 12,598 12,430 12,430 11,780 12,761 12,731 12,555 13,113 12,629 11,333 11,651 11,599 12,579 13,004 ... ...
Growth of Demand annual change, percent

Household consumptionh 0.4 1.6 1.2 0.5 1.2 1.5 1.1 0.9 -0.9 -0.7 2.8 0.3 2.3 1.7 -0.9 -1.2
Government consumption 4.6 4.2 2.6 1.9 1.5 0.8 0.0 1.1 -0.1 2.3 1.9 1.2 1.7 1.9 0.1 1.2
Gross capital formation 3.7 -1.6 -6.8 1.7 2.5 -0.3 1.0 1.7 -3.0 -17.5 4.5 0.1 4.5 1.4 2.4 2.9
Exports of goods and services 12.6 -7.0 7.9 9.5 14.0 6.2 9.9 8.7 1.4 -24.2 24.8 -0.4 -0.2 1.2 8.3 2.8
Imports of goods and services 10.7 0.9 0.3 3.9 7.9 4.2 4.5 2.3 0.3 -15.7 11.1 5.9 5.3 3.1 7.2 0.4
Investment Financing at Current Prices

Gross national saving 139,748 129,283 123,518 124,412 128,711 130,120 133,862 141,162 129,860 104,542 112,157 105,369 104,606 104,921 109,375 ...
Gross domestic savingj 134,258 121,865 116,076 116,903 119,952 118,917 120,316 124,901 114,171 92,534 100,032 91,544 90,391 88,057 91,542 ...
Net current transfers from abroadk -991 -971 -599 -752 -627 -546 -918 -1,077 -1,104 -1,069 -850 -850 -839 -778 -1,903 ...
Savings and Investment percent of GDP at current market prices

Gross domestic saving 26.3 24.1 23.3 23.4 23.8 23.6 23.7 24.3 22.8 19.6 20.7 19.4 19.0 18.4 18.8 ...
Gross national saving 27.4 25.6 24.7 24.9 25.6 25.8 26.4 27.5 25.9 22.2 23.2 22.3 22.0 21.9 22.5 ...
Gross domestic capital formation 25.1 24.3 22.5 22.4 22.5 22.5 22.7 22.9 23.0 19.7 19.8 20.2 20.9 21.2 21.8 22.0
At Current Prices thousand yen

Per capita GDP 4,020 3,976 3,917 3,906 3,943 3,944 3,963 4,008 3,914 3,679 3,769 3,689 3,726 3,762 3,830 3,932
Per capita GNI 4,071 4,042 3,980 3,971 4,016 4,036 4,076 4,143 4,045 3,782 3,870 3,804 3,844 3,901 3,985 4,113
PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages

Agriculture 2004–2006 = 100 103.6 101.6 102.5 99.2 100.0 101.0 99.0 100.5 101.0 99.5 96.8 95.5 97.9 97.7 ... ...
Mining 2005 = 100 | 2010 = 100 100.4 100.0 94.0 97.0 97.0 100.0 102.6 106.6 | 113.3 104.1 100.0 100.0 101.0 96.6 94.4 90.4
Manufacturing 2005 = 100 | 2010 = 100 99.2 92.5 91.4 94.2 98.7 100.0 104.5 107.4 | 110.7 86.5 100.0 97.2 97.8 97.0 99.0 97.8
ENERGY annual values

Crude petroleuml thousand metric tons
Production 761 734 756 830 | 834 | 911 905 979 973 917 853 824 759 668 626 578
Exports … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Imports 254,604 239,784 241,898 244,854 | 243,395 | 249,010 238,649 242,029 234,406 211,657 214,357 209,173 211,026 210,345 195,169 …
Consumption 242,724 234,808 235,290 237,360 | 235,241 | 241,415 231,072 233,956 224,275 209,846 208,882 197,026 197,643 200,434 189,001 …
Electricity billion kilowatt-hours

Production 1,092 1,076 1,101 1,094 1,137 1,158 1,161 1,195 1,146 1,113 1,157 1,108 1,094 1,091 ... ...
Exports … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Imports … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Consumptionm 982 968 990 982 1,022 1,044 1,048 1,077 1,036 1,003 1,056 1,002 992 993 ... …
Retail prices yen/liter

Gasoline, premium 113.67 114.25 110.67 112.42 122.33 135.67 146.75 150.83 167.75 131.00 143.75 156.57 157.75 166.68 173.92 148.62
Diesel 81.75 83.08 80.33 82.08 88.25 100.67 113.00 118.92 140.50 103.50 112.75 126.03 127.29 135.20 142.05 117.16
PRICE INDEXES period averages

Consumer (national) 2010 = 100 102.7 101.9 101.0 100.7 100.7 100.4 100.7 100.7 102.1 100.7 100.0 99.7 99.7 100.0 102.8 103.6
Food 98.4 97.8 97.0 96.8 97.7 96.8 97.3 97.6 100.1 100.3 100.0 99.6 99.7 99.6 103.4 106.6
Nonfoodn 104.2 103.3 102.4 102.0 101.7 101.6 101.8 101.7 102.8 100.8 100.0 99.7 99.7 100.1 102.6 102.6
Consumer (Tokyo) 2010 = 100 104.2 103.1 102.1 101.6 101.5 101.0 101.1 101.2 102.2 101.0 100.0 99.5 99.0 99.1 101.4 102.1
Food 99.8 99.3 98.7 98.5 99.3 98.2 98.6 98.8 100.9 100.4 100.0 99.3 98.6 98.2 101.5 104.1
Nonfoodn 105.6 104.3 103.2 102.6 102.2 101.9 101.9 102.0 102.6 101.2 100.0 99.6 99.1 99.4 101.4 101.5
Producero 2010 = 100 99.5 97.3 95.3 94.4 95.6 97.2 99.3 101.1 105.7 100.1 100.0 101.5 100.6 101.9 102.9 99.8
Implicit GDP deflator 2005 = 100 107.4 106.1 104.4 102.7 101.3 100.0 98.9 98.0 96.7 96.2 94.2 92.4 91.5 91.0 92.5 94.4
Price Indexes annual change, percent

Consumer price index -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 -0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.3 0.0 1.4 -1.4 -0.7 -0.3 0.0 0.3 2.8 0.8
Food price index -1.9 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 0.9 -0.9 0.5 0.3 2.6 0.2 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 -0.1 3.8 3.1
Nonfood price index -0.3 -0.8 -0.9 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 1.0 -1.9 -0.8 -0.3 -0.0 0.4 2.5 -0.0
Producer price index 0.0 -2.3 -2.1 -0.9 1.3 1.6 2.2 1.8 4.6 -5.3 -0.1 1.5 -0.9 1.3 1.1 -3.0
Implicit GDP deflator -1.2 -1.2 -1.6 -1.7 -1.4 -1.3 -1.1 -0.9 -1.3 -0.5 -2.2 -1.9 -0.9 -0.6 1.7 2.0
MONEY AND BANKINGp billion yen; as of end of period

Money supply (M1) 247,859 281,800 347,977 | 451,827 470,911 495,144 495,285 498,684 493,925 498,574 515,309 541,403 560,279 592,037 618,725 646,046
Currency in circulation 61,948 66,690 71,328 | 71,925 72,812 74,807 76,136 77,375 76,587 76,727 78,404 79,973 83,070 85,271 88,165 93,564
Demand deposits 185,912 215,110 276,649 | 379,901 398,098 420,337 419,149 421,309 417,338 421,847 436,904 461,431 477,209 506,766 530,561 552,483
Quasi-moneyq 402,004 389,477 335,617 | 577,380 566,803 546,466 541,913 546,505 559,229 575,688 579,716 582,104 588,341 595,593 602,553 606,255
Money supply (M2) | (M3) 649,863 671,277 683,594 | 1,029,207 1,037,714 1,041,610 1,037,198 1,045,189 1,053,153 1,074,262 1,095,024 1,123,507 1,148,620 1,187,630 1,221,278 1,252,301
Foreign assets (net) 27,728 27,758 26,849 | 33,508 41,767 64,518 71,800 97,921 72,901 63,876 72,561 78,597 86,539 104,338 100,255 121,254
Domestic credit 756,978 767,624 755,218 | 1,173,622 1,163,750 1,165,220 1,135,437 1,109,947 1,126,144 1,141,877 1,155,231 1,161,996 1,202,183 1,258,695 1,308,797 1,335,025
Claims on government sector (net)r 180,323 205,825 222,528 | 312,578 323,083 333,837 325,974 324,256 354,651 396,188 430,672 456,991 475,532 519,143 553,007 560,441
Claims on private sectors 576,654 561,800 532,690 | 518,153 507,388 524,956 524,835 520,557 523,713 521,707 518,392 515,547 530,571 553,505 561,827 575,496
Claims on other financial institutions … … … 342,891 333,279 306,427 284,628 265,135 247,779 223,982 206,168 189,459 196,080 186,047 193,964 199,088
Other items -134,842 -124,106 -98,474 | -177,923 -167,803 -188,128 -170,039 -162,679 -145,891 -131,491 -132,768 -117,086 -140,102 -175,403 -187,774 -203,978
Money Supply (M2) | (M3) annual change, percent 1.9 3.3 1.8 | … 0.8 0.4 -0.4 0.8 0.8 2.0 1.9 2.6 2.2 3.4 2.8 2.5
M2 | M3 percent of GDP at current market prices 127.5 132.8 137.0 | 206.3 206.0 206.7 204.7 203.8 210.1 228.0 226.9 238.2 241.6 247.9 250.8 250.8
Deposit Money Banks

Demand deposits 185,912 215,110 276,649 | 379,901 398,098 420,337 419,149 421,309 417,338 421,847 436,904 461,431 477,209 506,766 530,561 552,483
Savings and time depositst 402,004 389,477 335,617 | 577,380 566,803 546,466 541,913 546,505 559,229 575,688 579,716 582,104 588,341 595,593 602,553 606,255
Loans and advances u
328,677 327,256 287,143 | 283,606 278,151 308,190 277,114 268,867 281,291 258,413 261,337 256,404 291,834 325,906 367,411 390,873
Domestic credits outstandingv 781,486 749,539 724,407 | 1,131,475 1,123,342 1,126,536 1,088,364 1,060,409 1,073,031 1,086,997 1,098,681 1,112,837 1,140,226 1,192,927 1,246,612 1,275,129
Interest Rates percent per annum; period averages

On deposits
Savingsw 0.093 0.052 0.017 0.010 0.009 0.008 0.060 0.219 0.206 0.056 0.039 0.028 0.023 0.022 0.022 0.022
Time: 6 monthsx 0.197 0.105 0.062 0.069 0.122 0.188 0.366 0.523 0.506 0.341 0.209 0.195 0.187 0.202 0.204 0.175
12 months y
0.241 0.130 0.072 0.049 0.040 0.034 0.156 0.381 0.408 0.262 0.102 0.071 0.065 0.061 0.059 0.059
GOVERNMENT FINANCE billion yen; fiscal year ending 31 March

Central Government
Total revenue and grants 61,428 58,889 53,076 51,416 54,462 60,083 74,848 62,423 65,043 54,424 54,132 53,426 53,390 58,114 64,170 ...
Total revenue 61,428 58,889 53,076 51,416 54,462 60,083 74,848 62,423 65,043 54,424 54,132 53,426 53,390 58,114 64,170 ...
Current revenue 57,779 55,400 49,873 48,643 51,673 56,857 59,894 58,573 50,615 44,378 47,139 48,430 50,338 54,654 61,239 ...
Taxes 52,849 50,082 45,304 44,526 47,278 51,566 53,871 52,231 45,053 39,616 42,830 44,506 46,420 50,558 57,055 ...
Nontaxes 4,930 5,318 4,569 4,118 4,395 5,292 6,024 6,342 5,562 4,762 4,310 3,924 3,919 4,096 4,184 ...
Capital receipts 3,649 3,489 3,204 2,773 2,789 3,226 14,953 3,851 14,428 10,046 6,993 4,996 3,052 3,460 2,932 ...
Grants ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Total expenditure and net lending 93,386 87,665 85,747 83,748 80,277 80,536 79,245 74,922 79,811 90,126 86,674 92,117 90,311 92,891 91,127 ...
Total expenditure 93,386 87,665 85,747 83,748 80,277 80,536 79,245 74,922 79,811 90,126 86,674 92,117 90,311 92,891 91,127 ...
Current expenditure 77,901 75,833 74,404 71,748 70,693 71,439 71,391 68,335 69,410 76,783 77,136 80,899 79,255 80,656 82,026 ...
Capital expenditure 15,485 11,831 11,343 12,000 9,583 9,097 7,853 6,588 10,401 13,343 9,538 11,217 11,055 12,235 9,101 ...
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Net lending ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Current surplus/deficit -20,122 -20,433 -24,531 -23,105 -19,020 -14,582 -11,497 -9,762 -18,795 -32,405 -29,997 -32,469 -28,917 -26,002 -20,788 ...
Capital account surplus/deficit -11,837 -8,343 -8,140 -9,227 -6,794 -5,871 7,100 -2,737 4,027 -3,297 -2,545 -6,221 -8,004 -8,775 -6,169 ...
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -31,958 -28,776 -32,671 -32,331 -25,814 -20,453 -4,397 -12,499 -14,768 -35,702 -32,542 -38,691 -36,921 -34,777 -26,957 ...
Government Finance percent of GDP at current market prices

Total revenue 12.0 11.6 10.6 10.3 10.8 11.9 14.8 12.2 13.0 11.6 11.2 11.3 11.2 12.1 13.2 ...
Taxes 10.4 9.9 9.1 8.9 9.4 10.2 10.6 10.2 9.0 8.4 8.9 9.4 9.8 10.6 11.7 ...
Total expenditure 18.3 17.3 17.2 16.8 15.9 16.0 15.6 14.6 15.9 19.1 18.0 19.5 19.0 19.4 18.7 ...
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -6.3 -5.7 -6.5 -6.5 -5.1 -4.1 -0.9 -2.4 -2.9 -7.6 -6.7 -8.2 -7.8 -7.3 -5.5 ...
Expenditure by Function, General Governmentz

Total 146,362 150,124 151,509 153,477 155,424 158,082 159,183 162,013 163,631 172,772 173,341 174,895 176,038 177,697 180,070 ...
General public services 8,668 8,922 8,981 9,543 9,158 11,956 11,440 10,969 10,503 10,222 10,876 9,809 9,485 9,544 9,571 ...
Defenseaa 10,675 10,782 10,764 10,819 10,780 10,297 10,367 10,413 10,347 10,323 9,879 10,256 10,280 10,240 10,785 ...
Education 19,751 19,697 19,594 19,402 19,108 15,117 15,203 15,447 15,252 14,974 15,067 15,136 15,042 14,904 15,067 ...
Health 31,900 32,890 33,143 33,694 34,683 29,495 29,464 30,149 30,619 31,878 33,013 34,027 34,832 35,277 36,013 ...
Social security and welfare 53,848 55,868 57,255 57,672 58,819 68,864 70,606 73,017 74,844 79,701 81,837 83,387 84,568 85,426 86,101 ...
Housing and community amenities 1,878 1,965 1,814 1,862 1,875 2,445 2,481 2,404 2,294 2,872 2,592 2,456 2,152 2,279 2,288 ...
Economic servicesab 13,591 13,783 13,687 14,156 14,474 14,834 14,827 14,933 15,194 17,313 15,311 14,937 15,311 15,707 15,528 ...
Others ac
6,051 6,216 6,271 6,329 6,528 5,073 4,795 4,683 4,579 5,489 4,766 4,887 4,369 4,322 4,718 ...
Expenditure by Function percent of GDP at current market prices

Education 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 ...
Health 6.3 6.5 6.6 6.8 6.9 5.9 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.8 6.8 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4 ...
Social security and welfare 10.6 11.1 11.5 11.6 11.7 13.7 13.9 14.2 14.9 16.9 17.0 17.7 17.8 17.8 17.7 ...
EXTERNAL TRADE billion yen; calendar year

Exports, fob 51,654 48,979 52,109 54,548 61,170 65,657 75,246 83,931 81,018 54,171 67,400 65,546 63,748 69,774 73,093 75,614
Imports, cif 40,938 42,416 42,228 44,362 49,217 56,949 67,344 73,136 78,955 51,499 60,765 68,111 70,689 81,243 85,909 78,406
Trade balance 10,716 6,564 9,881 10,186 11,953 8,707 7,902 10,796 2,063 2,671 6,635 -2,565 -6,941 -11,468 -12,816 -2,792
External Trade annual change, percent

Exports 8.6 -5.2 6.4 4.7 12.1 7.3 14.6 11.5 -3.5 -33.1 24.4 -2.7 -2.7 9.5 4.8 3.4
Imports 16.1 3.6 -0.4 5.1 10.9 15.7 18.3 8.6 8.0 -34.8 18.0 12.1 3.8 14.9 5.7 -8.7
Direction of Trade million US dollars; calendar year

Exports, total 478,363 403,524 416,797 471,916 565,822 594,896 646,798 714,267 782,049 580,719 769,773 822,564 798,620 714,613 690,213 624,801
1. China, People's Rep. of 30,356 30,948 39,958 57,480 73,917 80,005 92,789 109,297 124,969 109,632 149,626 161,818 144,203 129,052 126,347 109,216
2. United States 144,009 122,701 120,198 117,384 128,606 136,002 147,230 145,575 138,932 95,343 120,483 127,774 142,053 134,398 130,571 126,372
3. Korea, Rep. of 30,703 25,292 28,612 34,823 44,247 46,678 50,290 54,269 59,426 47,237 62,270 66,007 61,515 56,503 51,525 44,030
4. Taipei,China 35,977 24,256 26,312 31,320 42,015 43,759 44,106 44,874 46,042 36,429 52,395 50,802 46,006 41,617 39,990 36,939
5. Hong Kong, China 27,187 23,252 25,432 29,918 35,414 36,019 36,437 38,909 40,287 31,875 42,303 42,924 41,051 37,348 38,085 34,999
6. Thailand 13,634 11,873 13,217 16,043 20,274 22,563 22,907 25,610 29,495 22,259 34,222 37,486 43,696 35,985 31,367 27,985
7. Singapore 20,830 14,713 14,183 14,858 17,976 18,529 19,492 21,821 26,631 20,702 25,226 27,231 23,290 20,962 20,999 19,867
8. Germany 19,998 15,652 14,126 16,412 18,972 18,742 20,415 22,629 23,987 16,653 20,316 23,486 20,798 18,931 19,102 16,235
9. Indonesia 7,604 6,405 6,235 7,177 9,074 9,332 7,371 9,067 12,609 9,334 15,918 17,765 20,273 17,031 14,766 11,545
10. Australia 8,580 7,693 8,318 9,966 11,818 12,513 12,579 14,223 17,291 12,186 15,869 17,880 18,419 16,953 14,213 12,844
Imports, total 379,581 349,092 337,180 382,964 454,823 515,219 578,746 621,915 762,590 551,960 694,052 854,998 886,036 832,343 812,222 647,990
1. China, People's Rep. of 55,156 57,780 61,792 75,559 94,335 108,439 118,444 127,760 143,678 122,536 153,369 183,903 188,495 180,785 180,889 160,598
2. United States 72,514 63,713 58,589 59,892 63,605 65,447 69,329 72,264 78,975 60,487 69,027 76,173 78,231 71,939 73,057 68,322
3. Australia 14,774 14,385 13,986 15,005 19,404 24,406 27,776 31,060 47,683 34,737 45,188 56,733 56,509 50,970 48,127 34,817
4. Saudi Arabia 14,188 12,316 11,638 14,565 18,484 28,575 36,986 35,593 50,848 29,204 35,880 50,506 54,782 49,874 47,537 25,067
5. United Arab Emirates 14,815 12,850 11,607 14,327 18,324 25,175 31,720 32,550 46,763 22,723 29,276 42,816 43,991 42,508 41,730 23,513
6. Korea, Rep. of 20,454 17,221 15,498 17,931 22,063 24,398 27,385 27,300 29,505 21,986 28,649 39,787 40,526 35,839 33,377 26,812
7. Qatar 5,857 6,030 5,251 6,516 7,887 10,629 15,049 16,964 26,427 15,931 21,695 30,118 35,862 36,993 33,544 16,343
8. Malaysia 14,490 12,824 11,173 12,593 14,093 14,686 15,587 17,353 23,244 16,732 22,715 30,450 32,873 29,768 29,180 21,529
9. Indonesia 16,371 14,883 14,174 16,352 18,652 20,768 24,216 26,263 32,559 21,817 28,255 34,052 32,295 28,840 25,631 19,763
10. Taipei,China 17,891 14,180 13,553 14,264 16,664 18,064 20,270 19,822 21,828 18,343 23,083 23,222 24,079 23,705 24,267 23,275
BALANCE OF PAYMENTSad million US dollars; calendar year

Current account balance 130,484 86,007 109,131 139,092 182,027 169,915 174,814 211,874 143,951 145,265 220,811 130,331 59,706 45,664 36,627 135,592
Balance on goods 117,833 72,797 96,669 107,503 133,313 106,799 95,187 120,483 56,145 57,578 108,408 -4,137 -53,539 -89,895 -98,780 -5,196
Exports 454,354 378,812 390,013 442,749 533,339 571,680 619,324 679,583 750,889 546,345 733,555 788,970 776,493 695,000 699,181 621,802
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Imports 336,521 306,016 293,343 335,245 400,027 464,881 524,138 559,101 694,745 488,767 625,148 793,107 830,032 784,895 797,962 626,995
Balance on services -48,889 -46,367 -45,077 -35,433 -39,073 -37,001 -32,022 -37,043 -37,859 -34,869 -30,289 -34,833 -47,763 -35,643 -28,633 -13,867
Credit 69,429 64,663 65,911 77,779 97,757 102,029 109,387 121,496 141,011 120,865 134,413 140,827 136,939 135,227 163,789 162,505
Debit 118,318 111,030 110,988 113,212 136,830 139,030 141,409 158,539 178,870 155,734 164,703 175,659 184,702 170,870 192,422 176,369
Balance on primary income 71,372 67,481 62,291 74,524 95,651 107,517 122,337 139,968 138,742 134,992 155,130 183,204 175,352 181,338 182,867 170,620
Credit 110,152 101,153 87,992 98,932 122,999 146,393 172,175 199,505 193,479 175,697 201,805 233,781 229,714 241,646 254,604 242,037
Debit 38,780 33,672 25,702 24,408 27,347 38,876 49,838 59,536 54,737 40,706 46,675 50,577 54,362 60,307 71,739 71,417
Balance on secondary income -9,832 -7,903 -4,752 -7,502 -7,864 -7,400 -10,687 -11,534 -13,076 -12,434 -12,437 -13,903 -14,344 -10,136 -18,826 -15,967
Credit 7,368 6,148 10,197 6,520 6,898 9,742 6,182 6,760 9,113 9,523 10,099 13,059 14,884 15,781 16,587 17,175
Debit 17,200 14,051 14,949 14,022 14,762 17,142 16,870 18,293 22,189 21,957 22,535 26,962 29,229 25,916 35,413 33,142
Capital account -9,230 -2,848 -3,363 -4,030 -4,745 -4,981 -4,758 -4,017 -5,402 -4,973 -4,946 354 -1,007 -7,619 -1,972 -2,240
Credit 781 994 918 398 446 855 754 700 633 1,113 888 7,466 5,974 1,183 445 237
Debit 10,010 3,842 4,281 4,428 5,191 5,835 5,512 4,717 6,035 6,086 5,834 7,112 6,981 8,802 2,417 2,477
Financial account 89,220 46,298 60,611 -67,649 -10,857 126,007 106,018 187,511 149,480 140,031 204,117 -14,540 90,788 -43,640 50,471 169,526
Direct investment 34,241 30,447 19,405 25,569 33,078 46,910 60,354 51,126 86,342 61,232 71,213 116,658 117,296 145,969 118,426 130,904
Portfolio investment 35,698 46,319 104,863 98,963 -21,631 9,708 -127,224 -70,074 272,727 213,193 144,695 -169,465 30,624 -272,196 -45,619 132,696
Financial derivatives 4,723 -1,524 -2,097 -5,240 -2,394 7,279 -2,438 -2,759 -23,764 -10,139 -11,690 -16,878 7,399 56,884 35,532 17,699
Other investment 14,558 -28,944 -61,560 -186,942 -19,911 62,109 175,326 209,217 -185,825 -124,255 -101 55,146 -64,531 25,703 -57,867 -111,773
Net errors and omissions 16,785 3,758 1,075 -17,012 -28,541 -16,642 -32,055 16,149 41,892 26,738 31,456 27,564 -6,155 -42,232 24,216 41,340
Overall balance 48,819 40,619 46,232 185,700 159,599 22,285 31,983 36,495 30,961 27,000 43,205 172,788 -38,244 39,452 8,400 5,166
Reserves and related items -48,818 -40,619 -46,232 -185,700 -159,599 -22,285 -31,983 -36,495 -30,961 -27,001 -43,205 -172,788 38,244 -39,453 -8,398 -5,164
International investment position 123,460 147,501 139,813 149,067 171,728 163,947 184,938 212,495 218,567 286,679 291,532 332,979 375,109 333,756 343,017 280,281
Balance of Payments percent of GDP at current market prices

Exports 9.6 9.1 9.8 10.3 11.5 12.5 14.2 15.6 15.5 10.9 13.3 13.4 13.0 14.2 15.2 15.1
Imports 7.1 7.4 7.4 7.8 8.6 10.2 12.0 12.8 14.3 9.7 11.4 13.4 13.9 16.0 17.4 15.2
Balance on goods 2.5 1.7 2.4 2.5 2.9 2.3 2.2 2.8 1.2 1.1 2.0 -0.1 -0.9 -1.8 -2.1 -0.1
Current account balance 2.8 2.1 2.7 3.2 3.9 3.7 4.0 4.9 3.0 2.9 4.0 2.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 3.3
Overall balance 1.0 1.0 1.2 4.3 3.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.8 2.9 -0.6 0.8 0.2 0.1
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US dollars; calendar year

Total 361,639 401,958 469,728 673,530 844,667 846,896 895,321 973,364 1,030,646 1,049,397 1,096,185 1,295,838 1,268,086 1,266,778 1,260,514 1,233,153
Gold, national valuation 6,737 6,803 8,542 10,241 10,776 12,621 15,639 20,580 21,281 27,161 34,695 37,666 40,939 29,560 29,504 26,134
Foreign exchange 347,212 387,727 451,458 652,790 824,264 828,813 874,936 948,356 1,003,674 996,955 1,036,256 1,221,249 1,193,578 1,202,924 1,200,156 1,179,501
Reserve position in the IMF 5,253 5,051 7,203 7,733 6,789 2,877 1,934 1,395 2,658 4,313 4,608 17,178 13,659 14,164 11,958 9,471
SDRs 2,437 2,377 2,524 2,766 2,839 2,584 2,812 3,033 3,032 20,968 20,626 19,745 19,910 20,130 18,896 18,047
EXCHANGE RATES yen per US dollar

End of period 114.9 131.8 119.9 107.1 104.1 118.0 119.0 114.0 90.8 92.1 81.5 77.7 86.6 105.3 120.6 120.5
Average of period 107.8 121.5 125.4 115.9 108.2 110.2 116.3 117.8 103.4 93.6 87.8 79.8 79.8 97.6 105.9 121.0
EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESSae million US dollars; as of end of year

Total debt outstanding and disbursed … … … 1,354,248 1,557,069 1,521,073 1,512,871 1,767,807 2,230,601 2,086,389 2,588,631 3,115,196 3,016,834 2,818,860 2,726,542 2,945,054
Long-term debt … … … 417,983 499,981 503,459 581,799 715,877 815,063 722,464 782,922 842,512 772,247 645,992 678,017 746,382
Public and publicly guaranteed … … … 169,561 232,021 261,753 311,686 419,140 458,248 385,900 449,355 526,698 508,585 421,985 446,800 499,834
Private nonguaranteed … … … 248,422 267,960 241,706 270,113 296,737 356,815 336,563 333,567 315,813 263,663 224,008 231,217 246,548
Short-term debt … … … 936,265 1,057,078 1,017,606 931,072 1,051,930 1,415,548 1,363,937 1,805,721 2,272,684 2,244,575 2,172,868 2,048,525 2,198,672
Use of IMF credit … … … – – – – – – – – – – – – –
External debt percent of GNI ... ... ... 28.6 31.6 34.8 34.5 38.0 39.1 39.7 42.5 49.8 53.2 59.8 64.9 68.0
Total long-term debt percent of total debt … … … 30.9 32.1 33.1 38.5 40.5 36.5 34.6 30.2 27.0 25.6 22.9 24.9 25.3
Short-term debt percent of total debt … … … 69.1 67.9 66.9 61.5 59.5 63.5 65.4 69.8 73.0 74.4 77.1 75.1 74.7
Debt service percent of exports of goods and services … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
... = data not available at cutoff date; | = marks break in series; – = magnitude equals zero; 0.0 = magnitude is less than half of unit employed; cif = cost, insurance, and freight; CPI =
consumer price index; fob = free on board; GDP = gross domestic product; GNI = gross national income; IMF = International Monetary Fund; NPISH = nonprofit institution serving
households; SDR = special drawing right; US = United States.
a Refers to total employed and unemployed persons 15 years old and over. Data from 2005 to 2011 are the compatible time series data adjusted to the 2010 base benchmark revision.
Data for 2011 are supplementary estimated figures (referential figures: 2010 census base). The reason for the treatment is that 2011 yearly average results for whole of Japan were
missing due to the damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake.
b Refers to the 2005 benchmark revision incorporating the 2005 input–output tables and the 2005 population census results and other major conceptual changes and improvements
such as in fixed asset estimation, delineation between public or private entities, and introduction of financial intermediation services indirectly measured in accordance with the 1993
System of National Accounts (SNA93) and SNA08.
c Refers to producers of government services.
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
d Refers to producers of private nonprofit education services to households.
e Includes producers of private nonprofit services (other than education) to households, and community and social service activities by industries.
f Refers to personal service activities by industries.
g Includes trading gains or losses.
h Includes NPISHs.
i Rough estimates derived by summing the value added of producers of private nonprofit services (other than education) to households, and community and social service activities by
industries. Not a precise estimate since additivity does not hold for chained estimates.
j Refers to gross national savings less net factor income from abroad less net current transfers from abroad.
k Refers to other net current transfers from the rest of the world.
l Data refer to fiscal year except for 2004 which, due to unavailability of data, refer to calendar year.
m Data for 2003 and 2004 are estimated using the average consumption rate of the last 5 years.
n Derived using all items consumer price index (CPI), food CPI, total weight, and food CPI weight.
o Refers to domestic corporate goods price index excluding consumption tax.
p The Bank of Japan revised the compilation of money stock statistics starting 2003. Composition of M1 money supply and quasi-money was revised in 2003 on; hence, M2 money
supply in 2003 and onward is equivalent to M3 money supply.
q Includes certificates of deposit.
r Data from 2003 on include claims on local government.
s Refers to claims on other sectors.
t Refers to deposit money banks' quasi-money plus certificates of deposit, equal to the sum of time deposits, fixed savings, installment savings, and foreign currency deposits.
u Refers to liabilities to nonresidents, central bank, government, and other items (net).
v Refers to claims on central bank, government, financial corporations, and other sectors including nonresidents.
w Refers to savings deposits of at least 0.3 million yen, computed as the arithmetic average of weekly figures.
x Refers to time deposits from 6 months to less than 12 months, computed as the arithmetic average of monthly figures.
y Refers to time deposits from 12 months to less than 2 years, computed as the arithmetic average of the monthly figures.
z Refers to the sum of general government's final consumption expenditure, subsidies, social benefits other than social transfers in kind, and other current transfers to other sectors
other than the general government.
aa Includes public order and safety.
ab Refers to economic affairs.
ac Refers to environment protection and recreation, culture, and religion.
ad Data follow the new concepts used in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual. Figures were converted from yen to US dollars using average exchange rates of the
period from the IMF.
ae Figures were converted from yen to US dollars using end-of-period exchange rates from the IMF.
Sources:
Population Japan Statistics Bureau (JSB). http://www.e-stat.go.jp (accessed 15 June 2016).
Urban Population World Bank. World Development Indicators (http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-

development-indicators (accessed 15 June 2016).
Labor Force JSB. http://www.e-stat.go.jp (accessed 15 June 2016).
National Accounts Economic and Social Research Institute. http://www.esri.cao.go.jp (accessed 17 June 2016).
Production Indexes
Agriculture Food and Agriculture Organization. FAOSTAT. http://faostat3.fao.org/home/E (accessed 13 July 2016).
Mining Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). http://www.meti.go.jp (accessed 16 June 2016).
Manufacturing
Energy
Crude Petroleum METI. http://www.meti.go.jp (accessed 16 June 2016).

Electricity JSB. http://www.e-stat.go.jp (accessed 16 June 2016).
Retail Prices The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan. The Oil Information Center. http://oil-info.ieej.or.jp/ (accessed 16 June
2016).
Price Indexes
Consumer
Food JSB. http://www.stat.go.jp (accessed 16 June 2016).
Nonfood
Producer Bank of Japan (BOJ). http://www.boj.or.jp (accessed 16 June 2016).
Money and Banking BOJ. http://www.boj.or.jp (accessed 16 June 2016).

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Government Finance ESRI. http://www.esri.cao.go.jp (accessed 17 June 2016).
External Trade Japan Customs. http://www.customs.go.jp (accessed 17 June 2016).
Direction of Trade International Monetary Fund (IMF). Direction of Trade Statistics, CD-ROM, July 2016.
Balance of Payments BOJ. http://www.boj.or.jp (accessed 17 June 2016); Ministry of Finance (MOF). http://www.mof.go.jp (accessed 17
June 2016).
International Reserves IMF. International Financial Statistics, CD-ROM, May 2016.

Exchange Rates
External Indebtedness BOJ. http://www.boj.or.jp (accessed 17 June 2016); MOF. http://www.mof.go.jp (accessed 17 June 2016).
CPI / Ty Tỷ lệ Export/G Imports/G
Le Lam tăng DP DP
Phat GDP
Inflation GDP EX IM
% % % %
1990 3.067 5.2 6.7 7.8
1991 3.401 3.4 4.1 -1.1
1992 1.644 1.0 3.9 -0.7
1993 1.314 0.2 -0.1 -1.4
1994 0.599 1.1 -4.1 11.7
1995 -0.099 2.0 4.3 13.3
1996 0.099 2.7 5.9 13.4
1997 1.877 1.6 11.1 1.2
1998 0.582 -2.0 -2.7 -6.7
1999 -0.289 -0.1 1.8 3.3
2000 -0.677 2.3 12.6 10.7
2001 -0.779 0.4 -7.0 0.9
2002 -0.883 0.3 7.9 0.3
2003 -0.297 1.7 9.5 3.9
2004 0 2.4 14.0 7.9
2005 -0.298 1.3 6.2 4.2
2006 0.299 1.7 9.9 4.5
2007 0 2.2 8.7 2.3
2008 1.39 -1.0 1.4 0.3
2009 -1.371 -5.5 -24.2 -15.7
2010 -0.695 4.7 24.8 11.1
2011 -0.3 -0.5 -0.4 5.9
2012 0 1.7 -0.2 5.3
2013 0.301 1.4 1.2 3.1
2014 2.8 -0.0 8.3 7.2
2015 0.778 0.5 2.8 0.4
JAPAN
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
POPULATION
Total population million; as of 1 July 126.1 126.4 126.6 126.8 127.1 127.4 127.7 127.8 127.8 127.9 128.0 128.1 128.0 128.1 127.8 127.6 127.3 127.1
Population density persons per square kilometer 338 339 340 340 341 342 342 343 343 343 343 344 344 344 343 342 342 341
Population annual change, percent 0.24 0.27 0.18 0.17 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.11 0.05 -0.01 0.02 -0.20 -0.20 -0.17 -0.16
Urban population percent of total population 78.3 78.4 78.5 78.6 80.0 81.6 83.2 84.6 86.0 87.1 88.0 88.9 89.7 90.5 91.2 91.9 92.5 ...
LABOR FORCEa thousand; calendar year 67,870 67,930 67,790 67,660 67,520 66,890 66,660 66,420 66,510 66,640 66,840 66,740 66,500 66,320 65,910 65,550 65,770 65,870
Employed 65,570 65,140 64,620 64,460 64,120 63,300 63,160 63,290 63,560 63,890 64,270 64,090 63,140 62,980 62,890 62,700 63,110 63,510
Agriculture 3,500 3,430 3,350 3,260 3,130 2,960 2,930 2,860 2,820 2,720 2,730 2,700 2,640 2,550 2,490 2,400 2,330 2,300
Manufacturing 14,420 13,820 13,450 13,210 12,840 12,020 11,780 11,500 11,420 11,630 11,700 11,510 10,820 10,600 10,490 10,320 10,390 10,400
Mining 70 60 60 50 50 50 50 40 30 30 40 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
Others 47,580 47,830 47,760 47,940 48,100 48,270 48,400 48,890 49,290 49,510 49,800 49,850 49,650 49,800 49,880 49,950 50,360 50,780
Unemployed 2,300 2,790 3,170 3,200 3,400 3,590 3,500 3,130 2,940 2,750 2,570 2,650 3,360 3,340 3,020 2,850 2,650 2,360
Unemployment rate percent 3.4 4.1 4.7 4.7 5.0 5.4 5.3 4.7 4.4 4.1 3.9 4.0 5.1 5.1 4.6 4.3 4.0 3.6
Labor force annual change, percent 1.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.9 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 -0.6 -0.5 0.3 0.2
Labor force participation rate percent 63.7 63.3 62.9 62.4 62.0 61.2 60.8 60.4 60.4 60.4 60.4 60.2 59.9 59.6 59.3 59.1 59.3 59.4
Male 77.7 77.3 76.9 76.4 75.7 74.7 74.1 73.4 73.3 73.2 73.1 72.8 72.0 71.6 71.1 70.8 70.5 70.4
Female 50.4 50.1 49.6 49.3 49.2 48.5 48.3 48.3 48.4 48.5 48.5 48.4 48.5 48.5 48.2 48.2 48.9 49.2
NATIONAL ACCOUNTSb billion yen; calendar year

At Current Prices
GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 523,198 512,439 504,903 509,860 505,543 499,147 498,855 503,725 503,903 506,687 512,975 501,209 471,139 482,677 471,579 475,332 480,128 487,576
Agriculture 8,430 8,725 8,466 8,076 7,280 7,262 6,888 6,616 6,108 5,957 5,854 5,700 5,440 5,656 5,426 5,740 5,753 ...
Mining 762 695 606 589 579 507 482 401 400 397 392 353 283 301 304 290 311 ...
Manufacturing 114,042 109,026 106,169 107,536 99,488 95,937 96,583 98,500 99,699 100,268 103,565 98,666 83,351 94,333 87,284 87,948 88,284 ...
Electricity, gas, and water 13,721 13,917 13,834 13,347 13,594 13,218 12,650 12,498 11,712 11,259 10,423 9,661 11,132 11,008 8,551 8,005 8,382 ...
Construction 40,617 38,429 37,299 36,332 34,005 32,331 31,667 31,200 29,018 29,547 29,385 28,091 26,948 26,198 26,461 26,797 27,914 ...
Trade 75,478 72,719 72,202 69,001 69,593 69,074 69,080 73,094 74,814 71,743 69,871 70,111 64,136 65,981 67,131 67,964 69,099 ...
Transport and communications 47,128 47,885 47,835 48,819 49,785 50,413 50,793 51,302 50,648 52,192 53,663 52,689 49,163 49,444 48,729 49,685 49,900 ...
Finance 25,784 23,874 24,376 25,343 28,275 29,834 30,799 30,383 30,789 30,215 30,808 25,082 23,742 23,766 22,430 21,865 21,514 ...
Public administrationc 44,879 45,531 45,689 46,059 46,283 46,595 46,014 45,719 45,500 45,651 45,872 45,881 45,054 43,924 44,042 43,501 43,124 ...
Others d
146,603 148,207 147,727 152,877 151,506 150,035 149,564 149,540 151,920 156,060 159,726 160,471 158,087 158,166 158,607 160,952 162,171 ...
Taxes and duties on imports 3,824 3,711 3,582 3,869 3,997 3,875 4,052 4,279 4,770 5,408 5,712 5,945 4,368 4,847 5,550 5,703 6,377 ...
Less: Consumption taxes for gross capital formation 3,257 3,241 2,856 3,115 3,077 2,662 2,811 3,070 2,860 2,984 3,455 3,405 2,410 2,593 2,610 2,717 2,637 ...
Statistical discrepancy 5,188 2,961 -25 1,127 4,236 2,727 3,095 3,265 1,386 972 1,159 1,964 1,844 1,649 -326 -399 -63 ...
Net factor income from abroad 7,019 6,952 6,377 6,480 8,389 8,042 8,262 9,386 11,749 14,465 17,338 16,793 13,078 12,974 14,675 15,055 17,646 19,709
GNIe 530,218 519,390 511,280 516,340 513,933 507,189 507,117 513,112 515,652 521,152 530,313 518,002 484,216 495,651 486,254 490,386 497,774 507,285
Structure of Output percent of GDP at current producers' prices

Agriculture 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 ...
Industry 32.7 31.8 31.3 31.1 29.5 28.7 28.6 28.6 28.1 28.1 28.2 27.5 26.0 27.5 26.1 26.0 26.2 ...
Services 65.7 66.4 67.0 67.3 69.0 69.9 70.0 70.1 70.6 70.7 70.6 71.3 72.8 71.3 72.7 72.8 72.6 ...
Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 523,198 512,439 504,903 509,860 505,543 499,147 498,855 503,725 503,903 506,687 512,975 501,209 471,139 482,677 471,579 475,332 480,128 487,576
Household consumption 289,981 287,545 288,877 288,167 289,788 289,038 287,514 288,599 291,133 293,433 294,122 292,055 282,942 285,867 284,244 288,195 293,550 295,476
Government consumption 80,645 81,583 83,127 86,308 89,655 91,306 91,343 91,909 92,468 91,966 92,793 93,019 93,820 95,129 96,117 97,145 98,774 100,718
Gross fixed capital formation 144,230 132,284 128,680 128,515 122,836 114,212 112,224 111,787 112,574 114,896 115,781 112,462 97,991 96,431 97,107 100,020 104,319 108,998
Change in inventories 2,717 1,464 -3,810 -517 31 -2,106 -484 1,571 635 24 1,606 2,700 -5,340 -806 -1,883 -859 -2,880 -2,456
Exports of goods and services 56,147 55,228 51,366 55,459 52,823 56,168 59,228 66,544 72,122 81,939 91,037 88,770 59,814 73,475 71,566 69,986 77,547 86,381
Less: Imports of goods and services 50,521 45,666 43,336 48,073 49,589 49,471 50,971 56,684 65,028 75,572 82,363 87,798 58,088 67,419 75,572 79,157 91,181 101,542

Household consumption 55.4 56.1 57.2 56.5 57.3 57.9 57.6 57.3 57.8 57.9 57.3 58.3 60.1 59.2 60.3 60.6 61.1 60.6
Government consumption 15.4 15.9 16.5 16.9 17.7 18.3 18.3 18.2 18.4 18.2 18.1 18.6 19.9 19.7 20.4 20.4 20.6 20.7
Gross domestic capital formation 28.1 26.1 24.7 25.1 24.3 22.5 22.4 22.5 22.5 22.7 22.9 23.0 19.7 19.8 20.2 20.9 21.1 21.9
Change in inventories 0.5 0.3 -0.8 -0.1 0.0 -0.4 -0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.5 -1.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 -0.6 -0.5
Exports of goods and services 10.7 10.8 10.2 10.9 10.4 11.3 11.9 13.2 14.3 16.2 17.7 17.7 12.7 15.2 15.2 14.7 16.2 17.7
Imports of goods and services 9.7 8.9 8.6 9.4 9.8 9.9 10.2 11.3 12.9 14.9 16.1 17.5 12.3 14.0 16.0 16.7 19.0 20.8
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
At Chained Prices
GDP by industrial origin at 2005 market prices 474,803 465,292 464,364 474,847 476,535 477,915 485,968 497,441 503,921 512,452 523,686 518,231 489,588 512,655 510,326 519,217 527,459 526,925
Agriculture 7,278 7,346 7,402 7,550 6,946 7,378 6,708 6,045 6,108 6,005 6,386 6,843 6,199 6,140 6,262 6,297 6,468 ...
Mining 480 455 450 501 515 481 474 394 400 395 364 319 180 190 192 180 191 ...
Manufacturing 90,572 85,793 86,019 90,971 87,725 86,301 90,314 95,565 99,699 104,396 110,701 111,581 91,831 109,793 107,021 109,458 109,584 ...
Electricity, gas, and water 10,094 10,302 10,455 10,448 10,650 10,595 10,534 10,852 11,712 11,923 11,320 12,212 9,935 11,010 9,567 7,532 7,674 ...
Construction 38,331 36,663 36,115 34,845 33,575 32,531 31,659 31,125 29,018 29,415 28,793 26,715 26,185 25,584 25,823 26,233 27,205 ...
Trade 71,194 69,104 69,038 66,458 68,938 70,044 70,458 73,716 74,814 70,778 68,102 66,470 63,071 65,210 65,943 67,461 68,358 ...
Transport and communications 42,995 43,998 44,502 45,245 47,340 48,980 50,143 50,917 50,648 53,284 55,242 55,083 50,593 51,797 51,914 52,929 53,772 ...
Finance 34,273 32,040 32,772 33,936 31,834 30,317 30,216 29,899 30,789 31,107 32,803 27,659 27,314 27,968 27,023 27,693 28,946 ...
Public administrationc 41,963 42,360 43,160 44,020 44,492 45,000 45,634 45,619 45,500 45,715 46,000 45,862 46,456 45,790 46,006 45,957 45,734 ...
Othersd 135,920 136,458 136,394 141,589 143,011 144,332 146,213 148,269 151,920 157,004 161,531 163,020 159,409 160,397 162,426 165,534 167,518 ...
Taxes and duties on imports 3,931 4,192 4,246 4,026 4,158 4,041 4,201 4,279 4,770 4,852 4,826 4,640 4,414 4,646 4,894 4,996 4,997 ...
Less: Consumption taxes for gross capital formation 3,032 2,723 2,424 2,751 2,722 2,418 2,590 2,769 2,865 2,987 3,226 3,189 2,356 2,642 2,674 2,785 2,713 ...
Statistical discrepancy 2,932 1,080 -1,884 -675 969 1,077 2,472 3,871 1,409 564 1,097 1,382 4,907 5,946 4,715 6,529 8,589 ...
GNIe 489,458 481,573 480,144 489,519 492,933 493,931 501,202 511,759 515,715 521,619 532,325 518,293 497,367 515,145 508,366 516,192 525,194 523,910

GDP 1.6 -2.0 -0.2 2.3 0.4 0.3 1.7 2.4 1.3 1.7 2.2 -1.0 -5.5 4.7 -0.5 1.7 1.6 -0.1
Agriculture -1.2 0.9 0.8 2.0 -8.0 6.2 -9.1 -9.9 1.0 -1.7 6.3 7.2 -9.4 -1.0 2.0 0.6 2.7 ...
Industry 1.4 -4.5 -0.1 2.8 -3.1 -1.9 2.4 3.7 2.1 3.8 3.5 -0.2 -15.0 14.4 -2.7 0.6 0.9 ...
Services 1.6 -0.7 0.6 1.7 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.6 -1.5 -3.1 1.2 0.6 1.8 1.3 ...
Expenditure on GDP at 2005 market prices 474,803 465,292 464,364 474,847 476,535 477,915 485,968 497,441 503,921 512,452 523,686 518,231 489,588 512,655 510,326 519,217 527,459 526,925
Household consumption 272,116 270,061 273,256 274,365 278,745 282,074 283,474 286,742 291,133 294,344 297,063 294,313 292,342 300,436 301,219 308,072 314,589 310,580
Government consumption 75,619 76,556 79,360 82,991 86,457 88,704 90,369 91,744 92,468 92,493 93,521 93,403 95,525 97,335 98,537 100,180 102,097 102,349
Gross fixed capital formation 128,008 119,188 118,422 119,223 116,716 110,994 111,191 111,630 112,574 114,272 114,631 109,923 98,282 98,043 99,399 102,787 106,050 108,788
Change in inventories 2,603 1,564 -3,803 -421 132 -2,094 -430 1,943 650 31 1,622 2,798 -4,939 -616 -1,799 -820 -2,771 ...
Exports of goods and services 48,624 47,300 48,152 54,196 50,428 54,409 59,567 67,888 72,122 79,287 86,184 87,405 66,257 82,709 82,406 82,201 83,191 90,216
Less: Imports of goods and services 51,489 48,049 49,638 54,932 55,417 55,609 57,805 62,398 65,028 67,975 69,554 69,795 58,829 65,338 69,199 72,847 75,097 80,620

Household consumption 0.9 -0.8 1.2 0.4 1.6 1.2 0.5 1.2 1.5 1.1 0.9 -0.9 -0.7 2.8 0.3 2.3 2.1 -1.3
Government consumption 0.8 1.2 3.7 4.6 4.2 2.6 1.9 1.5 0.8 0.0 1.1 -0.1 2.3 1.9 1.2 1.7 1.9 0.2
Gross domestic capital formation 0.1 -7.5 -5.1 3.6 -1.6 -6.8 1.7 2.5 -0.3 1.0 1.7 -3.0 -17.2 4.4 0.2 4.5 1.3 5.3
Exports of goods and services 11.1 -2.7 1.8 12.6 -7.0 7.9 9.5 14.0 6.2 9.9 8.7 1.4 -24.2 24.8 -0.4 -0.2 1.2 8.4
Imports of goods and services 1.2 -6.7 3.3 10.7 0.9 0.3 3.9 7.9 4.2 4.5 2.3 0.3 -15.7 11.1 5.9 5.3 3.1 7.4

Gross domestic capital formation 146,946 133,748 124,869 127,999 122,867 112,105 111,740 113,357 113,209 114,920 117,387 115,162 92,651 95,626 95,224 99,161 101,439 106,543
Gross national saving 153,493 146,314 137,946 139,748 129,283 123,518 124,412 128,711 130,120 133,862 141,162 129,860 104,542 112,157 105,369 104,606 104,736 ...
Gross domestic savingf 147,385 140,349 132,924 134,258 121,865 116,076 116,903 119,952 118,917 120,316 124,901 114,171 92,534 100,032 91,544 90,391 87,868 ...
Net current transfers from abroadg -912 -986 -1,355 -991 -971 -599 -752 -627 -546 -918 -1,077 -1,104 -1,069 -850 -850 -839 -778 ...

Gross domestic saving 28.2 27.4 26.3 26.3 24.1 23.3 23.4 23.8 23.6 23.7 24.3 22.8 19.6 20.7 19.4 19.0 18.3 ...
Gross national saving 29.3 28.6 27.3 27.4 25.6 24.7 24.9 25.6 25.8 26.4 27.5 25.9 22.2 23.2 22.3 22.0 21.8 ...
Gross domestic capital formation 28.1 26.1 24.7 25.1 24.3 22.5 22.4 22.5 22.5 22.7 22.9 23.0 19.7 19.8 20.2 20.9 21.1 21.9
At Current Prices thousand yen

Per capita GDP 4,150 4,054 3,987 4,020 3,976 3,917 3,906 3,943 3,944 3,963 4,008 3,914 3,679 3,769 3,689 3,726 3,770 3,835
Per capita GNI 4,206 4,109 4,038 4,071 4,042 3,980 3,971 4,016 4,036 4,076 4,143 4,045 3,782 3,870 3,804 3,844 3,909 3,990

Agriculture 2004–2006 = 100 107.8 103.1 104.1 103.6 101.6 102.5 99.2 100.0 101.0 99.0 100.5 101.0 99.5 96.8 95.5 97.9 97.7 ...
Mining 2005 = 100 | 2010 = 100 106.2 100.6 99.6 100.4 100.0 94.0 97.0 97.0 100.0 102.6 106.6 | 113.3 104.1 100.0 100.0 101.0 96.6 94.4
Manufacturing 2005 = 100 | 2010 = 100 100.6 93.7 93.9 99.2 92.5 91.4 94.2 98.7 100.0 104.5 107.4 | 110.7 86.5 100.0 97.2 97.8 97.0 99.0

Crude petroleumh thousand metric tons
Production 840 773 728 761 734 756 830 | 834 | 911 905 979 973 917 853 824 759 668 ...
Exports … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Imports 267,489 254,279 248,530 254,604 239,784 241,898 244,854 | 244,854 | 245,186 243,139 238,817 243,207 211,863 215,381 206,979 212,538 210,345 ...
Consumption 250,498 243,390 240,955 242,724 234,808 235,290 237,360 | 235,241 | 240,293 233,911 232,153 229,964 210,669 210,297 198,183 198,137 200,434 ...

Production 1,038 1,046 1,066 1,092 1,076 1,101 1,094 1,137 1,158 1,161 1,195 1,146 1,113 1,157 1,108 1,094 ... ...
Exports … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ... ...
Imports … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ... ...
Consumptioni 926 935 957 982 968 990 982 1,022 1,044 1,048 1,077 1,036 1,003 1,056 1,002 992 ... ...
Retail prices yen/liter

Gasoline, premium 118.42 107.83 106.67 113.67 114.25 110.67 112.42 122.33 135.67 146.75 150.83 167.75 131.00 143.75 156.57 157.75 166.68 173.92
Diesel 81.83 76.92 76.33 81.75 83.08 80.33 82.08 88.25 100.67 113.00 118.92 140.50 103.50 112.75 126.03 127.29 135.20 142.05

Consumer 2010 = 100 103.1 103.7 103.4 102.7 101.9 101.0 100.7 100.7 100.4 100.7 100.7 102.1 100.7 100.0 99.7 99.7 100.0 102.8
Food 99.5 100.8 100.3 98.4 97.8 97.0 96.8 97.7 96.8 97.3 97.6 100.1 100.3 100.0 99.6 99.7 99.6 103.4
Nonfoodj 104.3 104.7 104.4 104.2 103.3 102.4 102.0 101.7 101.6 101.8 101.7 102.8 100.8 100.0 99.7 99.7 100.1 102.6
Producer 2010 = 100
k
103.0 100.9 99.5 99.5 97.3 95.3 94.4 95.6 97.2 99.3 101.1 105.7 100.1 100.0 101.5 100.6 101.9 102.9
Implicit GDP deflator 2005 = 100 110.2 110.1 108.7 107.4 106.1 104.4 102.7 101.3 100.0 98.9 98.0 96.7 96.2 94.2 92.4 91.5 91.0 92.5

Consumer price index 1.9 0.6 -0.3 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 -0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.3 0.0 1.4 -1.4 -0.7 -0.3 0.0 0.3 2.8
Food price index 1.8 1.3 -0.5 -1.9 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 0.9 -0.9 0.5 0.3 2.6 0.2 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 -0.1 3.8
Nonfood price index 1.9 0.3 -0.2 -0.3 -0.8 -0.9 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 1.0 -1.9 -0.8 -0.3 -0.0 0.4 2.5
Producer price index -0.7 -2.0 -1.4 0.0 -2.3 -2.1 -0.9 1.3 1.6 2.2 1.8 4.6 -5.3 -0.1 1.5 -0.9 1.3 1.1
Implicit GDP deflator 0.6 -0.1 -1.3 -1.2 -1.2 -1.6 -1.7 -1.4 -1.3 -1.1 -0.9 -1.3 -0.5 -2.2 -1.9 -0.9 -0.6 1.7
MONEY AND BANKINGl billion yen; as of end of period

Money supply (M1) 204,283 214,404 239,538 247,859 281,800 347,977 | 451,827 470,911 495,144 495,285 498,684 493,925 498,574 515,309 541,403 560,279 592,037 618,725
Currency in circulation 52,733 54,311 59,405 61,948 66,690 71,328 | 71,925 72,812 74,807 76,136 77,375 76,587 76,727 78,404 79,973 83,070 85,271 88,165
Demand deposits 151,550 160,093 180,134 185,912 215,110 276,649 | 379,901 398,098 420,337 419,149 421,309 417,338 421,847 436,904 461,431 477,209 506,766 530,561
Quasi-moneym 393,211 407,090 398,472 402,004 389,477 335,617 | 577,380 566,803 546,466 541,913 546,505 559,229 575,688 579,716 582,104 588,341 595,593 602,553
Money supply (M2) | (M3) 597,494 621,494 638,011 649,863 671,277 683,594 | 1,029,207 1,037,714 1,041,610 1,037,198 1,045,189 1,053,153 1,074,262 1,095,024 1,123,507 1,148,620 1,187,630 1,221,278
Foreign assets (net) 53,335 32,687 27,356 27,728 27,758 26,849 | 33,508 41,767 67,303 76,083 104,705 82,122 74,095 83,133 90,472 101,483 131,947 148,308
Domestic credit 675,955 742,001 740,040 756,978 767,624 755,218 | 1,173,622 1,163,750 1,164,254 1,132,630 1,107,560 1,124,158 1,138,717 1,152,132 1,158,707 1,199,052 1,255,620 1,305,767
Claims on government sector (net)n 97,165 140,361 153,108 180,323 205,825 222,528 | 312,578 323,083 330,490 322,281 320,643 351,201 393,112 427,998 454,688 473,565 517,216 550,737
Claims on private sector o
578,790 601,640 586,932 576,654 561,800 532,690 | 518,153 507,388 524,317 523,348 518,502 521,956 521,131 514,449 511,174 525,838 549,902 559,726
Claims on other financial institutions … … … … … … 342,891 333,279 309,448 287,002 268,415 251,001 224,474 209,685 192,844 199,648 188,502 195,304
Other items -131,796 -153,194 -129,386 -134,842 -124,106 -98,474 | -177,923 -167,803 -189,946 -171,515 -167,076 -153,128 -138,550 -140,240 -125,672 -151,915 -199,937 -232,797
Money Supply (M2) | (M3) annual change, percent 3.9 4.0 2.7 1.9 3.3 1.8 | … 0.8 0.4 -0.4 0.8 0.8 2.0 1.9 2.6 2.2 3.4 2.8
M2 | M3 percent of GDP at current market prices 114.2 121.3 126.4 127.5 132.8 137.0 | 206.3 206.0 206.7 204.7 203.8 210.1 228.0 226.9 238.2 241.6 247.4 250.5
Deposit Money Banks

Demand deposits 151,550 160,093 180,134 185,912 215,110 276,649 | 379,901 398,098 420,337 419,149 421,309 417,338 421,847 436,904 461,431 477,209 506,766 530,561
Savings and time deposits p
393,211 407,090 398,472 402,004 389,477 335,617 | 577,380 566,803 546,466 541,913 546,505 559,229 575,688 579,716 582,104 588,341 595,593 602,553
Loans and advancesq 226,402 419,892 338,928 328,677 327,256 287,143 | 283,606 278,151 310,007 278,588 273,248 288,525 265,471 268,816 264,985 310,964 360,395 404,856
Domestic credits outstandingr 660,672 707,208 740,239 781,486 749,539 724,407 | 1,131,475 1,123,342 1,125,568 1,085,556 1,058,007 1,071,044 1,083,836 1,095,591 1,109,545 1,137,031 1,189,867 1,243,167
Interest Rates percent per annum; period averages

On deposits
Savingss 0.252 0.226 0.115 0.093 0.052 0.017 0.010 0.009 0.008 0.060 0.219 0.206 0.056 0.039 0.028 0.023 0.022 0.022
Time: 6 months t
0.429 0.446 0.227 0.197 0.105 0.062 0.069 0.122 0.188 0.366 0.523 0.506 0.341 0.209 0.195 0.187 0.202 0.204
12 monthsu 0.447 0.424 0.272 0.241 0.130 0.072 0.049 0.040 0.034 0.156 0.381 0.408 0.262 0.102 0.071 0.065 0.061 0.059
GOVERNMENT FINANCE billion yen; fiscal year ending 31 March

Central Government
Total revenue and grants 62,342 59,391 57,060 61,428 58,889 53,076 51,416 54,462 60,083 74,848 62,423 65,043 54,424 54,132 53,426 53,390 58,118 ...
Total revenue 62,342 59,391 57,060 61,428 58,889 53,076 51,416 54,462 60,083 74,848 62,423 65,043 54,424 54,132 53,426 53,390 58,118 ...
Current revenue 58,545 55,396 53,226 57,779 55,400 49,873 48,643 51,673 56,857 59,894 58,573 50,615 44,378 47,139 48,430 50,338 54,658 ...
Taxes 54,482 51,229 48,915 52,849 50,082 45,304 44,526 47,278 51,566 53,871 52,231 45,053 39,616 42,830 44,506 46,420 50,558 ...
Nontaxes 4,062 4,167 4,311 4,930 5,318 4,569 4,118 4,395 5,292 6,024 6,342 5,562 4,762 4,310 3,924 3,919 4,100 ...
Capital receipts 3,798 3,995 3,834 3,649 3,489 3,204 2,773 2,789 3,226 14,953 3,851 14,428 10,046 6,993 4,996 3,052 3,460 ...
Grants ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Total expenditure and net lending 79,675 109,671 93,423 93,386 87,665 85,747 83,748 80,277 80,536 79,245 74,922 79,811 90,126 86,674 92,117 90,311 92,579 ...
Total expenditure 79,675 109,671 93,423 93,386 87,665 85,747 83,748 80,277 80,536 79,245 74,922 79,811 90,126 86,674 92,117 90,311 92,579 ...
Current expenditure 68,018 70,529 76,466 77,901 75,833 74,404 71,748 70,693 71,439 71,391 68,335 69,410 76,783 77,136 80,899 79,255 80,531 ...
Capital expenditure 11,658 39,142 16,957 15,485 11,831 11,343 12,000 9,583 9,097 7,853 6,588 10,401 13,343 9,538 11,217 11,056 12,048 ...
Net lending ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Current surplus/deficit -9,473 -15,134 -23,240 -20,122 -20,433 -24,531 -23,105 -19,020 -14,582 -11,497 -9,762 -18,795 -32,405 -29,997 -32,469 -28,917 -25,874 ...
Capital account surplus/deficit -7,860 -35,147 -13,124 -11,837 -8,343 -8,140 -9,227 -6,794 -5,871 7,100 -2,737 4,027 -3,297 -2,545 -6,221 -8,004 -8,588 ...
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -17,333 -50,280 -36,363 -31,958 -28,776 -32,671 -32,331 -25,814 -20,453 -4,397 -12,499 -14,768 -35,702 -32,542 -38,691 -36,921 -34,461 ...

Total revenue 11.9 11.6 11.3 12.0 11.6 10.6 10.3 10.8 11.9 14.8 12.2 13.0 11.6 11.2 11.3 11.2 12.1 ...
Taxes 10.4 10.0 9.7 10.4 9.9 9.1 8.9 9.4 10.2 10.6 10.2 9.0 8.4 8.9 9.4 9.8 10.5 ...
Total expenditure 15.2 21.4 18.5 18.3 17.3 17.2 16.8 15.9 16.0 15.6 14.6 15.9 19.1 18.0 19.5 19.0 19.3 ...
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -3.3 -9.8 -7.2 -6.3 -5.7 -6.5 -6.5 -5.1 -4.1 -0.9 -2.4 -2.9 -7.6 -6.7 -8.2 -7.8 -7.2 ...
Expenditure by Function, General Governmentv

Total 134,644 138,766 143,220 146,362 150,124 151,509 153,477 155,424 158,082 159,183 162,013 163,631 172,772 173,341 174,895 176,037 177,791 ...
General public services 8,109 8,738 9,402 8,668 8,922 8,981 9,543 9,158 11,956 11,440 10,969 10,503 10,222 10,876 9,809 9,485 9,476 ...
Defensew 10,401 10,512 10,522 10,675 10,782 10,764 10,819 10,780 10,297 10,367 10,413 10,347 10,323 9,879 10,256 10,280 10,225 ...
Education 19,411 19,410 19,505 19,751 19,697 19,594 19,402 19,108 15,117 15,203 15,447 15,252 14,974 15,067 15,136 15,041 15,042 ...
Health 27,304 27,709 28,617 31,900 32,890 33,143 33,694 34,683 29,495 29,464 30,149 30,619 31,878 33,013 34,027 34,832 35,268 ...
Social security and welfare 49,331 52,028 53,973 53,848 55,868 57,255 57,672 58,819 68,864 70,606 73,017 74,844 79,701 81,837 83,387 84,568 85,535 ...
Housing and community amenities 1,861 1,829 1,843 1,878 1,965 1,814 1,862 1,875 2,445 2,481 2,404 2,294 2,872 2,592 2,456 2,152 2,274 ...
Economic servicesx 12,705 12,946 13,451 13,591 13,783 13,687 14,156 14,474 14,834 14,827 14,933 15,194 17,313 15,311 14,937 15,311 15,684 ...
Others y
5,522 5,593 5,908 6,051 6,216 6,271 6,329 6,528 5,073 4,795 4,683 4,579 5,489 4,766 4,887 4,369 4,287 ...
Expenditure by Function percent of GDP at current market prices

Education 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 ...
Health 5.2 5.4 5.7 6.3 6.5 6.6 6.8 6.9 5.9 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.8 6.8 7.2 7.3 7.3 ...
Social security and welfare 9.4 10.2 10.7 10.6 11.1 11.5 11.6 11.7 13.7 13.9 14.2 14.9 16.9 17.0 17.7 17.8 17.8 ...
EXTERNAL TRADE billion yen; calendar year

Exports, fob 50,938 50,645 47,548 51,654 48,979 52,109 54,548 61,170 65,657 75,246 83,931 81,018 54,171 67,400 65,546 63,748 69,774 73,093
Imports, cif 40,956 36,654 35,268 40,938 42,416 42,228 44,362 49,217 56,949 67,344 73,136 78,955 51,499 60,765 68,111 70,689 81,243 85,909
Trade balance 9,982 13,991 12,280 10,716 6,564 9,881 10,186 11,953 8,707 7,902 10,796 2,063 2,671 6,635 -2,565 -6,941 -11,468 -12,816

Exports 13.9 -0.6 -6.1 8.6 -5.2 6.4 4.7 12.1 7.3 14.6 11.5 -3.5 -33.1 24.4 -2.7 -2.7 9.5 4.8
Imports 7.8 -10.5 -3.8 16.1 3.6 -0.4 5.1 10.9 15.7 18.3 8.6 8.0 -34.8 18.0 12.1 3.8 14.9 5.7
Direction of Trade million US dollars; calendar year

Exports, total 421,466 388,040 419,456 478,363 403,524 416,797 471,916 565,822 594,896 646,798 714,267 782,049 580,719 769,773 822,564 798,620 714,613 690,190
1. China, People's Rep. of 21,692 20,182 23,450 30,356 30,948 39,958 57,480 73,917 80,005 92,789 109,297 124,969 109,632 149,626 161,818 144,203 129,052 126,347
2. United States 118,383 119,717 130,195 144,009 122,701 120,198 117,384 128,606 136,002 147,230 145,575 138,932 95,343 120,483 127,774 142,053 134,398 130,571
3. Korea, Rep. of 26,097 15,400 23,089 30,703 25,292 28,612 34,823 44,247 46,678 50,290 54,269 59,425 47,237 62,270 66,007 61,515 56,503 51,525
4. Taipei,China 27,557 25,601 29,069 35,977 24,256 26,312 31,320 42,015 43,759 44,106 44,874 46,042 36,428 52,395 50,802 46,006 41,617 39,990
5. Hong Kong, China 27,257 22,454 22,148 27,187 23,252 25,432 29,918 35,414 36,019 36,437 38,909 40,287 31,875 42,303 42,924 41,051 37,348 38,085
6. Thailand 14,615 9,352 11,358 13,634 11,873 13,217 16,043 20,274 22,563 22,907 25,610 29,495 22,259 34,222 37,486 43,695 35,985 31,367
7. Singapore 20,264 14,780 16,345 20,830 14,713 14,183 14,858 17,976 18,529 19,492 21,821 26,631 20,702 25,226 27,231 23,290 20,962 20,999
8. Germany 17,988 19,090 18,698 19,998 15,652 14,126 16,412 18,972 18,742 20,415 22,629 23,987 16,653 20,316 23,486 20,798 18,931 19,102
9. Indonesia 10,190 4,299 4,908 7,604 6,405 6,235 7,177 9,074 9,332 7,371 9,067 12,609 9,334 15,918 17,765 20,273 17,031 14,766
10. Malaysia 14,524 9,330 11,153 13,886 11,012 11,016 11,250 12,565 12,624 13,211 15,057 16,439 12,863 17,637 18,754 17,701 15,236 14,160
Imports, total 338,709 280,867 310,774 379,581 349,092 337,180 382,964 454,823 515,219 578,746 621,915 762,590 551,960 694,052 854,998 886,036 832,343 812,206
1. China, People's Rep. of 41,827 37,079 43,070 55,156 57,780 61,792 75,559 94,335 108,439 118,444 127,760 143,678 122,536 153,369 183,903 188,495 180,785 180,889
2. United States 75,975 67,518 67,529 72,514 63,713 58,589 59,891 63,605 65,447 69,329 72,264 78,975 60,487 69,027 76,173 78,231 71,939 73,057
3. Australia 14,546 12,989 12,808 14,774 14,385 13,986 15,005 19,404 24,406 27,776 31,060 47,683 34,737 45,188 56,733 56,509 50,970 48,127
4. Saudi Arabia 11,886 7,176 8,394 14,188 12,316 11,638 14,565 18,484 28,575 36,986 35,593 50,847 29,204 35,879 50,506 54,782 49,874 47,537
5. United Arab Emirates 12,309 8,341 8,898 14,815 12,850 11,607 14,327 18,324 25,175 31,720 32,550 46,763 22,723 29,276 42,816 43,991 42,508 41,730
6. Korea, Rep. of 14,606 12,142 16,138 20,454 17,221 15,497 17,931 22,063 24,398 27,385 27,300 29,505 21,986 28,649 39,787 40,526 35,839 33,377
7. Qatar 3,014 2,785 3,438 5,857 6,030 5,251 6,516 7,887 10,629 15,049 16,964 26,426 15,931 21,695 30,118 35,862 36,993 33,544
8. Indonesia 14,605 10,824 12,618 16,371 14,883 14,174 16,352 18,652 20,768 24,216 26,263 32,559 21,817 28,255 34,052 32,295 28,839 25,631
9. Malaysia 11,372 8,684 10,943 14,490 12,824 11,173 12,593 14,093 14,686 15,587 17,353 23,244 16,732 22,715 30,450 32,873 29,768 29,180
10. Taipei,China 12,476 10,225 12,805 17,891 14,180 13,553 14,264 16,663 18,064 20,270 19,822 21,828 18,343 23,083 23,222 24,079 23,705 24,267
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
BALANCE OF PAYMENTSz million US dollars; calendar year
Current account 95,627 114,573 113,895 130,484 86,008 109,130 139,092 182,027 169,915 174,814 211,874 143,951 145,266 220,811 130,331 59,706 40,285 24,973
Balance on goods 102,247 122,823 124,110 117,833 72,797 96,669 107,503 133,313 106,799 95,186 120,482 56,145 57,578 108,407 -4,138 -53,539 -89,896 -98,179
Exports 403,998 368,893 397,295 454,355 378,813 390,012 442,749 533,339 571,680 619,324 679,583 750,889 546,345 733,555 788,969 776,493 694,999 699,435
Imports 301,751 246,069 273,185 336,522 306,016 293,343 335,246 400,026 464,881 524,138 559,101 694,744 488,767 625,148 793,107 830,033 784,895 797,615
Services and income 2,235 506 1,960 22,483 21,114 17,213 39,091 56,579 70,516 90,316 102,925 100,882 100,122 124,840 148,372 127,590 140,317 141,965
Credit 179,285 157,882 154,907 179,581 165,816 153,903 176,711 220,756 248,422 281,563 321,001 334,489 296,562 336,219 374,608 366,653 368,178 397,555
Debit 177,050 157,375 152,947 157,098 144,702 136,690 137,620 164,178 177,906 191,247 218,075 233,607 196,440 211,379 226,236 239,064 227,861 255,592
Current transfers -8,855 -8,757 -12,176 -9,832 -7,903 -4,752 -7,502 -7,864 -7,400 -10,687 -11,534 -13,076 -12,434 -12,437 -13,903 -14,344 -10,136 -18,810
Credit 6,011 5,490 6,185 7,368 6,148 10,197 6,520 6,898 9,742 6,182 6,760 9,113 9,523 10,099 13,059 14,884 15,781 16,584
Debit 14,865 14,247 18,361 17,200 14,051 14,949 14,022 14,762 17,142 16,870 18,293 22,189 21,957 22,535 26,962 29,229 25,916 35,395
Capital account -4,032 -14,753 -16,758 -9,230 -2,848 -3,363 -4,030 -4,745 -4,981 -4,758 -4,017 -5,402 -4,973 -4,946 354 -1,007 -7,619 -1,876
Financial account 119,684 111,693 37,633 89,220 46,298 60,611 -67,649 -10,857 126,007 106,018 187,511 149,480 140,031 204,117 -14,540 90,788 -49,018 43,505
Direct investment 21,414 16,914 9,310 34,241 30,447 19,405 25,569 33,078 46,910 60,354 51,126 86,342 61,232 71,213 116,658 117,296 140,590 111,505
Portfolio investment -34,219 44,299 26,357 35,698 46,319 104,863 98,963 -21,631 9,708 -127,224 -70,074 272,727 213,193 144,695 -169,465 30,624 -272,196 -46,725
Financial derivatives 5,923 -791 2,901 4,723 -1,524 -2,097 -5,240 -2,394 7,279 -2,438 -2,759 -23,764 -10,139 -11,690 -16,878 7,399 56,884 34,354
Other investment 126,565 51,272 -934 14,558 -28,944 -61,560 -186,942 -19,911 62,109 175,326 209,217 -185,825 -124,255 -101 55,146 -64,531 25,703 -55,629
Net errors and omissions 34,420 4,246 17,720 16,784 3,758 1,075 -17,011 -28,541 -16,642 -32,056 16,149 41,892 26,739 31,456 27,565 -6,155 -42,232 28,806
Overall balance 6,331 -7,628 77,223 48,818 40,619 46,232 185,700 159,599 22,285 31,983 36,495 30,961 27,001 43,205 172,789 -38,244 39,452 8,399
Reserves and related items -6,331 7,628 -77,223 -48,818 -40,619 -46,232 -185,700 -159,599 -22,285 -31,983 -36,495 -30,961 -27,001 -43,205 -172,789 38,244 -39,452 -8,399

Exports 9.3 9.4 9.0 9.6 9.1 9.8 10.3 11.5 12.5 14.2 15.6 15.5 10.9 13.3 13.4 13.0 14.1 15.2
Imports 7.0 6.3 6.2 7.1 7.4 7.4 7.8 8.6 10.2 12.0 12.8 14.3 9.7 11.4 13.4 13.9 16.0 17.3
Balance on goods 2.4 3.1 2.8 2.5 1.7 2.4 2.5 2.9 2.3 2.2 2.8 1.2 1.1 2.0 -0.1 -0.9 -1.8 -2.1
Current account balance 2.2 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.1 2.7 3.2 3.9 3.7 4.0 4.9 3.0 2.9 4.0 2.2 1.0 0.8 0.5
Overall balance 0.1 -0.2 1.7 1.0 1.0 1.2 4.3 3.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.8 2.9 -0.6 0.8 0.2
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US dollars; calendar year

Total 220,792 216,665 288,080 361,639 401,958 469,728 673,530 844,667 846,896 895,321 973,364 1,030,641 1,049,401 1,096,185 1,295,836 1,268,089 1,266,780 1,260,514
Gold, national valuation 1,144 1,194 1,164 6,737 6,803 8,542 10,241 10,776 12,621 15,639 20,580 21,281 27,161 34,695 37,666 40,939 29,560 29,504
Foreign exchange 207,866 203,215 277,708 347,212 387,727 451,458 652,790 824,264 828,813 874,936 948,356 1,003,670 996,955 1,036,260 1,221,250 1,193,580 1,202,920 1,200,160
Reserve position in the IMF 9,144 9,593 6,552 5,253 5,051 7,203 7,733 6,789 2,877 1,934 1,395 2,658 4,313 4,608 17,178 13,659 14,164 11,958
SDRs 2,638 2,663 2,656 2,437 2,377 2,524 2,766 2,839 2,584 2,812 3,033 3,032 20,968 20,626 19,745 19,910 20,130 18,896
EXCHANGE RATES yen per US dollar

End of period 130.0 115.6 102.2 114.9 131.8 119.9 107.1 104.1 118.0 119.0 114.0 90.8 92.1 81.5 77.7 86.6 105.3 120.6
Average of period 121.0 130.9 113.9 107.8 121.5 125.4 115.9 108.2 110.2 116.3 117.8 103.4 93.6 87.8 79.8 79.8 97.6 105.9
EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESSaa million US dollars; as of end of year

Total debt outstanding and disbursed … … … … … … 1,354,248 1,557,069 1,521,073 1,512,871 1,767,807 2,230,601 2,086,389 2,588,631 3,115,196 3,016,834 2,818,860 2,727,380
Long-term debt … … … … … … 417,983 499,981 503,459 581,799 715,877 815,063 722,464 782,922 842,512 772,247 645,992 677,471
Public and publicly guaranteed … … … … … … 169,561 232,021 261,753 311,686 419,140 458,248 385,900 449,355 526,698 508,585 421,985 446,791
Private nonguaranteed … … … … … … 248,422 267,960 241,706 270,113 296,737 356,815 336,563 333,567 315,813 263,663 224,008 230,680
Short-term debt … … … … … … 936,265 1,057,078 1,017,606 931,072 1,051,930 1,415,548 1,363,937 1,805,721 2,272,684 2,244,575 2,172,868 2,049,909
Use of IMF credit … … … … … … – – – – – – – – – – – –
External debt percent of GNI ... ... ... ... ... ... 28.6 31.6 34.8 34.5 38.0 39.1 39.7 42.5 49.8 53.2 59.6 64.9
Total long-term debt percent of total debt … … … … … … 30.9 32.1 33.1 38.5 40.5 36.5 34.6 30.2 27.0 25.6 22.9 24.8
Short-term debt percent of total debt … … … … … … 69.1 67.9 66.9 61.5 59.5 63.5 65.4 69.8 73.0 74.4 77.1 75.2
Debt service percent of exports of goods and services … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
... = data not available at cutoff date; | = marks break in series; – = magnitude equals zero; 0.0 = magnitude is less than half of unit employed; cif = cost, insurance, and freight; CPI =
consumer price index; fob = free on board; GDP = gross domestic product; GNI = gross national income; IMF = International Monetary Fund; SDRs = special drawing rights; US = United
States.
a Refers to total employed and unemployed persons 15 years old and over. Data from 2005 through 2011 are the compatible time-series data adjusted to the 2010-base benchmark
revision. Data for 2011 are supplementary-estimated figures (referential figures: 2010-census base). The reason for the treatment is that 2011 yearly average results for whole of
Japan were missing due to the damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake.
b Refers to the 2005 benchmark revision incorporating the 2005 input-output tables and the 2005 population census results and other major conceptual changes and improvements
such as in fixed asset estimation, delineation between public or private entities, and introduction of financial intermediation services indirectly measured in accordance with the 1993
System of National Accounts (SNA93) and SNA08.
c Refers to producers of government services.
d Includes rental of dwellings and real estate, community and social service activities, business activities, personal service activities, and producers of private nonprofit services to
households.
e Includes trading gains or losses.
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
f Refers to gross national savings less net factor income from abroad less net current transfers from abroad.
g Refers to other net current transfers from the rest of the world.
h Data starting this year's edition of Key Indicators is for the fiscal year except for 2004 which, due to inavailability of data, is for calendar year.
i Data for 2003 and 2004 are estimated using the average consumption rate of the last 5 years.
j Derived using all items Consumer Price Index (CPI), food CPI, total weight, and food CPI weight.
k Refers to domestic corporate goods price index excluding consumption tax.
l The Bank of Japan revised the compilation of money stock statistics starting 2003. Composition of M1 and quasi-money was revised in 2003 on; hence, M2 in 2003 on is equivalent to
M3.
m Includes certificates of deposit.
n Data from 2003 on include claims on local government.
o Refers to claims on other sectors.
p Refers to deposit money banks' quasi money plus certificates of deposit, equal to the sum of time deposits, fixed savings, installment savings, and foreign currency deposits.
q Refers to liabilities to nonresidents, central bank, government, and other items (net).
r Refers to claims on central bank, government, financial corporations, and other sectors including nonresidents.
s Refers to savings deposits of at least 0.3 million yen, computed as the arithmetic average of weekly figures.
t Refers to time deposits from 6 months to less than 12 months, computed as the arithmetic average of monthly figures.
u Refers to time deposits from 12 months to less than 2 years, computed as the arithmetic average of the monthly figures.
v Refers to the sum of general government's final consumption expenditure, subsidies, social benefits other than social transfers in kind, and other current transfers to other sectors
other than the general government.
w Includes public order and safety.
x Refers to economic affairs.
y Refers to environment protection and recreation, culture, and religion.
z Data follow the new concepts used in the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual 6. Figures were converted from yen to US dollars using average exchange rates of the
aa period from
Figures werethe IMF.
converted from yen to US dollars using end-of-period exchange rates from the IMF.
Sources:
Population Japan Statistics Bureau (JSB). http://www.e-stat.go.jp (accessed 22 June 2015).
Urban Population World Bank. World Development Indicators (http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-

development-indicators (accessed 22 June 2015).
Labor Force JSB. http://www.e-stat.go.jp (accessed 18 June 2015).
National Accounts Economic and Social Research Institute. http://www.esri.cao.go.jp (accessed 18 June 2015).
Production Indexes
Agriculture Food and Agriculture Organization. FAOSTAT. http://faostat3.fao.org/home/E (accessed 8 June 2015).
Mining Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). http://www.meti.go.jp (accessed 18 June 2015).
Manufacturing
Energy
Crude petroleum METI. http://www.meti.go.jp (accessed 26 June 2015).

Electricity JSB. http://www.e-stat.go.jp (accessed 18 June 2015).
Retail Prices The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan. The Oil Information Center. http://oil-info.ieej.or.jp/ (accessed 18 June
2015).
Price Indexes
Consumer
Food JSB. http://www.stat.go.jp (accessed 18 June 2015).
Nonfood
Producer Bank of Japan (BOJ). http://www.boj.or.jp (accessed 11 June 2015).
Money and Banking BOJ. http://www.boj.or.jp (accessed 11 June 2015).
Government Finance ESRI. http://www.esri.cao.go.jp (accessed 11 June 2015).
External Trade Ministry of Finance. (MOF). http://www.customs.go.jp (accessed 11 June 2015).
Direction of Trade International Monetary Fund (IMF), Direction of Trade Statistics. http://elibrary-data.imf.org/ (accessed 29 June 2015).
Balance of Payments BOJ and MOF. http://www.boj.or.jp and http://www.mof.go.jp (accessed 26 June 2015).
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
International Reserves IMF. International Financial Statistics CD-ROM. May 2015.
Exchange Rates
External Indebtedness BOJ and MOF. http://www.boj.or.jp and http://www.mof.go.jp (accessed 29 June 2015).
JAPAN
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
POPULATION
Total population million; as of 1 July 125.5 125.8 126.1 126.4 126.6 126.8 127.1 127.4 127.7 127.8 127.8 127.9 128.0 128.1 128.0 128.1
Population density persons per square kilometer 337 337 338 339 340 340 341 342 342 343 343 343 343 344 344 344
Population annual change, percent 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.27 0.18 0.17 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.11 0.05 -0.01 0.02
Urban populationa percent of total population 78.0 78.1 78.3 78.4 78.5 78.6 80.1 81.6 83.0 84.5 86.0 86.9 87.8 88.7 89.6 90.5
LABOR FORCEb thousand; calendar year 66660 67110 67870 67930 67790 67660 67520 66890 66660 66420 66510 66640 66840 66740 66500 66320
Employed 64570 64860 65570 65140 64620 64460 64120 63300 63160 63290 63560 63890 64270 64090 63140 62980
Agriculture 3670 3560 3500 3430 3350 3260 3130 2960 2930 2860 2820 2720 2730 2700 2640 2550
Manufacturing 14560 14450 14420 13820 13450 13210 12840 12020 11780 11500 11420 11630 11700 11510 10820 10600
Mining 60 60 70 60 60 50 50 50 50 40 30 30 40 30 30 30
Others 46280 46790 47580 47830 47760 47940 48100 48270 48400 48890 49290 49510 49800 49850 49650 49800
Unemployed 2100 2250 2300 2790 3170 3200 3400 3590 3500 3130 2940 2750 2570 2650 3360 3340
Unemployment rate percent 3.2 3.4 3.4 4.1 4.7 4.7 5.0 5.4 5.3 4.7 4.4 4.1 3.8 4.0 5.1 5.0
Labor force annual change, percent 0.3 0.7 1.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.9 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3
Labor force participation rate percent 63.4 63.5 63.7 63.3 62.9 62.4 62.0 61.2 60.8 60.4 60.4 60.4 60.4 60.2 59.9 59.6
Male 77.6 77.7 77.7 77.3 76.9 76.4 75.7 74.7 74.1 73.4 73.3 73.2 73.1 72.8 72.0 71.6
Female 50.0 50.0 50.4 50.1 49.6 49.3 49.2 48.5 48.3 48.3 48.4 48.5 48.5 48.4 48.5 48.5
NATIONAL ACCOUNTSc billion Yen; calendar year

At Current Prices
GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 501707 511935 523198 512439 504903 509860 505543 499147 498855 503725 503903 506687 512975 501209 471139 482384
Agriculture … … … … … … 7280 7262 6888 6616 6108 5957 5854 5700 5440 5656
Mining … … … … … … 579 507 482 401 400 397 392 353 283 301
Manufacturing … … … … … … 101799 98222 98914 100915 99699 100268 103565 98666 83351 94333
Electricity, gas, and water … … … … … … 13594 13218 12650 12498 11712 11259 10423 9661 11132 11008
Construction … … … … … … 34005 32331 31667 31200 29018 29547 29385 28091 26948 26198
Trade … … … … … … 69593 69074 69080 73094 74814 71743 69871 70111 64136 65981
Transport and communicationsd … … … … … … 34311 34401 34532 34766 50648 52192 53663 52689 49163 49444
Finance … … … … … … 28275 29834 30799 30383 30789 30215 30808 25082 23742 23766
Public administratione … … … … … … 46283 46595 46014 45719 45500 45651 45872 45881 45054 43924
Othersf … … … … … … 164668 163763 163494 163661 151920 156060 159726 160471 158087 158166
Taxes and duties on imports … … … … … … 3997 3875 4052 4279 4770 5408 5712 5945 4368 4847
Less: Consumption taxes for gross capital formatio … … … … … … 3077 2662 2811 3070 2860 2984 3455 3405 2410 2593
Statistical discrepancy … … … … … … 4236 2727 3095 3265 1386 972 1159 1964 1844 1356
Net factor income from abroad 4114 5775 7019 6952 6377 6480 8389 8042 8262 9386 11749 14465 17338 16793 13078 12974
GNIg 505821 517710 530218 519390 511280 516340 513933 507189 507117 513112 515652 521152 530313 518002 484216 495359

Agriculture 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2
Industry 33.0 32.9 32.7 32.0 31.4 31.1 30.0 29.1 29.1 29.0 28.1 28.1 28.2 27.5 26.0 27.5
Services 65.2 65.2 65.5 66.2 66.8 67.2 68.6 69.4 69.5 69.6 70.6 70.7 70.6 71.3 72.8 71.3
Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 501707 511935 523198 512439 504903 509860 505543 499147 498855 503725 503903 506687 512975 501209 471139 482384
Private consumption 277744 284071 289981 287545 288877 288167 289788 289038 287514 288599 291133 293433 294122 292055 282942 285867
Government consumption 76193 79013 80645 81583 83127 86308 89655 91306 91343 91909 92468 91966 92793 93019 93820 95129
Gross fixed capital formation 139228 144070 144230 132284 128680 128515 122836 114212 112224 111787 112574 114896 115781 112462 97991 96431
Increase in stocks 1741 2417 2717 1464 -3810 -517 31 -2106 -484 1571 635 24 1606 2700 -5340 -806
Exports of goods and services 45417 49660 56147 55228 51366 55459 52823 56168 59228 66544 72122 81939 91037 88770 59814 73183
Less: Imports of goods and services 38617 47297 50521 45666 43336 48073 49589 49471 50971 56684 65028 75572 82363 87798 58088 67419
JAPAN
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Private consumption 55.4 55.5 55.4 56.1 57.2 56.5 57.3 57.9 57.6 57.3 57.8 57.9 57.3 58.3 60.1 59.3
Government consumption 15.2 15.4 15.4 15.9 16.5 16.9 17.7 18.3 18.3 18.2 18.4 18.2 18.1 18.6 19.9 19.7
Exports of goods and services 9.1 9.7 10.7 10.8 10.2 10.9 10.4 11.3 11.9 13.2 14.3 16.2 17.7 17.7 12.7 15.2
Imports of goods and services 7.7 9.2 9.7 8.9 8.6 9.4 9.8 9.9 10.2 11.3 12.9 14.9 16.1 17.5 12.3 14.0
At Chained Prices
GDP by industrial origin at 2005 market prices 455458 467346 474803 465292 464364 474847 476535 477915 485968 497441 503921 512452 523686 518231 489588 512364
Agriculture … … … … … … 6946 7378 6708 6045 6108 6005 6386 6843 6199 6140
Mining … … … … … … 515 481 474 394 400 395 364 319 180 190
Manufacturing … … … … … … 90199 88713 92771 98085 99699 104396 110701 111581 91831 109793
Electricity, gas, and water … … … … … … 10663 10607 10546 10865 11712 11923 11320 12212 9935 11010
Construction … … … … … … 33615 32564 31676 31131 29018 29415 28793 26715 26185 25584
Trade … … … … … … 68968 70075 70488 73747 74814 70778 68102 66470 63071 65210
Transport and communicationsd … … … … … … 32405 33233 33835 34361 50648 53284 55242 55083 50593 51797
Finance … … … … … … 31353 30541 30535 30128 30789 31107 32803 27659 27314 27968
Public administratione … … … … … … 44492 45000 45634 45619 45500 45715 46000 45862 46456 45790
Othersf … … … … … … 155299 157476 159854 162071 151920 157004 161531 163020 159409 160397
Taxes and duties on imports … … … … … … 4577 4448 4624 4710 4770 4852 4826 4640 4414 4646
Less: Consumption taxes for gross capital formatio … … … … … … 2722 2418 2590 2769 2865 2987 3226 3189 2356 2642
Statistical discrepancy … … … … … … 806 350 1684 3195 1409 564 1097 1382 4907 5947
GNIg 469411 482133 489458 481573 480144 489519 492933 493931 501202 511759 515715 521619 532325 518293 497367 514857

GDP 1.9 2.6 1.6 -2.0 -0.2 2.3 0.4 0.3 1.7 2.4 1.3 1.7 2.2 -1.0 -5.5 4.7
Agriculture -4.6 7.1 -1.2 2.0 1.0 2.1 -2.4 6.2 -9.1 -9.9 1.0 -1.7 6.3 7.2 -9.4 -1.0
Industry 0.7 3.0 1.4 -4.5 -0.6 2.7 -4.2 -1.9 2.3 3.7 0.3 3.8 3.5 -0.2 -15.0 14.4
Services 3.0 2.2 1.7 -0.5 0.6 1.9 2.1 1.1 1.2 1.6 2.2 1.2 1.6 -1.5 -3.1 1.2
Expenditure on GDP at 2005 market prices 455458 467346 474803 465292 464364 474847 476535 477915 485968 497441 503921 512452 523686 518231 489588 512364
Private consumption 263687 269736 272116 270061 273256 274365 278745 282074 283474 286742 291133 294344 297063 294313 292342 300436
Government consumption 72854 75045 75619 76556 79360 82991 86457 88704 90369 91744 92468 92493 93521 93403 95525 97335
Gross fixed capital formation 122578 128184 128008 119188 118422 119223 116716 110994 111191 111630 112574 114272 114631 109923 98282 98043
Increase in stocks 1309 2285 2521 1489 -3844 -408 87 -2112 -473 1900 653 31 1627 2799 -4964 -616
Exports of goods and services 41342 43773 48624 47300 48152 54196 50428 54409 59567 67888 72122 79287 86184 87405 66257 82399
Less: Imports of goods and services 44493 50860 51489 48049 49638 54932 55417 55609 57805 62398 65028 67975 69554 69795 58829 65338

Private consumption 1.7 2.3 0.9 -0.8 1.2 0.4 1.6 1.2 0.5 1.2 1.5 1.1 0.9 -0.9 -0.7 2.8
Government consumption 4.3 3.0 0.8 1.2 3.7 4.6 4.2 2.6 1.9 1.5 0.8 0.0 1.1 -0.1 2.3 1.9
Gross domestic capital formation 2.5 5.3 0.0 -7.5 -5.1 3.7 -1.7 -6.8 1.7 2.5 -0.3 1.0 1.7 -3.0 -17.2 4.4
Exports of goods and services 4.2 5.9 11.1 -2.7 1.8 12.6 -7.0 7.9 9.5 14.0 6.2 9.9 8.7 1.4 -24.2 24.4
Imports of goods and services 11.4 14.3 1.2 -6.7 3.3 10.7 0.9 0.3 3.9 7.9 4.2 4.5 2.3 0.3 -15.7 11.1

Gross domestic capital formation 140969 146488 146946 133748 124869 127999 122867 112105 111740 113357 113209 114920 117387 115162 92651 95626
Gross national saving … … … … … … 127516 122479 125355 128278 130707 136780 139754 120345 106464 111410
Gross domestic savingh … … … … … … 120098 115037 117846 119519 119503 123234 123493 104656 94455 99285
Net current transfers from abroadi … … … … … … -971 -599 -752 -627 -546 -918 -1077 -1104 -1069 -850
JAPAN
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Gross domestic saving … … … … … … 23.8 23.0 23.6 23.7 23.7 24.3 24.1 20.9 20.0 20.6
Gross national saving … … … … … … 25.2 24.5 25.1 25.5 25.9 27.0 27.2 24.0 22.6 23.1
At Current Prices thousand Yen

Per capita GDP 3999 4071 4150 4054 3987 4020 3976 3917 3906 3943 3944 3963 4008 3914 3679 3767
Per capita GNI 4031 4117 4206 4109 4038 4071 4042 3980 3971 4016 4036 4076 4143 4045 3782 3868

Agriculture 2004–2006 = 100 109.8 107.5 107.8 103.1 104.2 103.6 101.6 102.6 99.3 100.0 101.0 99.0 100.6 101.1 96.2 93.5
Mining 2005 = 100 114.4 116.0 106.2 100.6 99.6 100.4 100.0 94.0 97.0 97.0 100.0 102.6 106.6 103.1 93.6 90.0
Manufacturing 2005 = 100 94.9 97.0 100.6 93.7 93.9 99.2 92.5 91.4 94.2 98.7 100.0 104.5 107.4 103.8 81.0 94.5

Crude petroleum thousand metric tons
Production 861 837 842 792 730 740 760 723 820 834 918 897 961 986 921 873
Exports … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Imports 266921 263445 271701 254828 250426 250578 247089 235649 248496 243395 245186 243139 238817 243207 211863 215381
Consumption 242906 243706 251381 244955 241277 241541 238668 231631 239307 235241 240293 233911 232153 229964 210669 210297

Production 990 1009 1038 1046 1066 1092 1076 1101 1094 1137 1158 1161 1193 1146 1113 1157
Exports … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Imports … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Consumptionj 378 387 398 389 397 407 395 404 405 416 417 426 434 408 386 …
Retail prices Yen/liter

Gasoline, premium 131.42 123.25 118.42 107.83 106.67 113.67 114.25 110.67 112.42 122.33 135.87 146.78 150.55 167.26 130.89 143.87
Diesel 79.58 80.50 81.83 76.92 76.33 81.75 83.08 80.33 82.08 88.25 100.63 112.83 118.67 140.22 103.08 112.74

Consumer 2010 = 100 101.1 101.2 103.1 103.7 103.4 102.7 101.9 101.0 100.7 100.7 100.4 100.7 100.7 102.1 100.7 100.0
Food 97.8 97.7 99.5 100.8 100.3 98.4 97.8 97.0 96.8 97.7 96.8 97.3 97.6 100.1 100.3 100.0
Produceri 2010 = 100 105.5 103.7 103.0 100.9 99.5 99.5 97.3 95.3 94.4 95.6 97.2 99.3 101.1 105.7 100.1 100.0
Implicit GDP deflator 2005 = 100 110.2 109.5 110.2 110.1 108.7 107.4 106.1 104.4 102.7 101.3 100.0 98.9 98.0 96.7 96.2 94.1

Consumer price index -0.1 0.1 1.9 0.6 -0.3 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 -0.3 – -0.3 0.3 – 1.4 -1.4 -0.7
Food price index -1.2 -0.1 1.8 1.3 -0.5 -1.9 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 0.9 -0.9 0.5 0.3 2.6 0.2 -0.3
Producer price index -0.8 -1.7 -0.7 -2.0 -1.4 0.0 -2.3 -2.1 -0.9 1.3 1.6 2.2 1.8 4.6 -5.3 -0.1
Implicit GDP deflator -0.7 -0.6 0.6 -0.1 -1.3 -1.2 -1.2 -1.6 -1.7 -1.4 -1.3 -1.1 -0.9 -1.3 -0.5 -2.2
MONEY AND BANKINGl billion Yen; as of end of period

Money supply (M1) 171544 188147 204283 214404 239538 247859 281800 347977 | 451827 470911 495144 495285 498684 493925 498574 515309
Currency in circulation 46231 49084 52733 54311 59405 61948 66690 71328 | 71925 72812 74807 76136 77375 76587 76727 78404
Demand deposits 125313 139063 151550 160093 180134 185912 215110 276649 | 379901 398098 420337 419149 421309 417338 421847 436904
Quasi-moneym 387260 387152 393211 407090 398472 402004 389477 335617 | 577380 566803 546466 541913 546505 559229 575688 579716
Money supply (M2) | (M3) 558804 575298 597494 621494 638011 649863 671277 683594 | 1029207 1037714 1041610 1037198 1045189 1053153 1074262 1095024
Foreign assets (net) 46014 41937 53335 32687 27356 27728 27758 26849 | 32844 40931 60679 70504 103129 80244 70130 78723
Domestic credit 658280 667361 675955 742001 740040 756978 767624 755218 | 1168124 1155365 1151668 1115530 1092735 1111975 1117077 1131713
Claims on government sector (net)n 89081 91479 97165 140361 153108 180323 205825 222528 | 307570 317020 324187 313341 309640 339244 380538 415950
Claims on private sectoro 569199 575883 578790 601640 586932 576654 561800 532690 | 516784 504603 517533 514119 513686 520989 511785 505533
JAPAN
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Claims on other financial institutions … … … … … … … …| 343770 333742 309949 288070 269409 251743 224754 210230
Other items -145490 -134000 -131796 -153194 -129386 -134842 -124106 -98474 | -171761 -158582 -170737 -148836 -150675 -139066 -112945 -115411
Money supply (M2) | (M3) annual change, percent 3.2 3.0 3.9 4.0 2.7 1.9 3.3 1.8 … 0.8 0.4 -0.4 0.8 0.8 2.0 1.9
M2 | M3 percent of GDP at current market prices 111.4 112.4 114.2 121.3 126.4 127.5 132.8 137.0 | 206.3 206.0 206.7 204.7 203.8 210.1 228.0 227.0
Deposit Money Banks

Demand deposits 125313 139063 151550 160093 180134 185912 215110 276649 | 379901 398098 420337 419149 421309 417338 421847 436904
Savings and time depositsp 387260 387152 393211 407090 398472 402004 389477 335617 | 577380 566803 546466 541913 546505 559229 575688 579716
Loans and advancesq 231949 220834 226402 419892 338928 328677 327256 287143 | 277433 269600 296354 260265 256847 274468 239865 243993
Domestic credits outstandingr 650670 653607 660672 707208 740239 781486 749539 724407 | 1125967 1115620 1112983 1068456 1043181 1058861 1062187 1075079
Interest Rates percent; period averages

On deposits
Savingss 0.908 0.285 0.252 0.226 0.115 0.093 0.052 0.017 0.010 0.009 0.008 0.060 0.219 0.206 0.056 0.039
Time: 6 monthst 1.081 0.492 0.429 0.446 0.227 0.197 0.105 0.062 0.069 0.122 0.188 0.366 0.523 0.506 0.341 0.209
12 monthsu 1.164 0.564 0.447 0.424 0.272 0.241 0.130 0.072 0.049 0.040 0.034 0.156 0.381 0.408 0.262 0.102
GOVERNMENT FINANCE billion Yen; fiscal year ending 31 March

Central Government
Total revenue and grants 60367 61028 61260 58224 55893 60192 58889 53076 51416 54462 60083 74848 62423 65043 54424 54132
Total revenue 60367 61028 61260 58224 55893 60192 58889 53076 51416 54462 60083 74848 62423 65043 54424 54132
Current revenue 55991 57169 57420 54194 52025 56512 55400 49873 48643 51673 56857 59894 58573 50615 44378 47139
Taxes 53475 54443 54482 51229 48915 52849 50082 45304 44526 47278 51566 53871 52231 45053 39616 42830
Nontaxes 2516 2726 2938 2965 3110 3663 5318 4569 4118 4395 5292 6024 6342 5562 4762 4310
Capital receipts 4376 3858 3839 4030 3869 3680 3489 3204 2773 2789 3226 14953 3851 14428 10046 6993
Grants … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Total expenditure and net lending 80493 81618 79305 111926 92443 92465 87665 85747 83748 80277 80536 79245 74922 79811 90126 86674
Total expenditure 80493 81618 79305 111926 92443 92465 87665 85747 83748 80277 80536 79245 74922 79811 90126 86674
Current expenditure 65020 66448 66304 68559 74684 75641 75833 74404 71748 70693 71439 71391 68335 69410 76783 77141
Capital expenditure 15473 15170 13001 43367 17759 16823 11831 11343 12000 9583 9097 7853 6588 10401 13343 9533
Net lending … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Current surplus/deficit -9028 -9279 -8884 -14365 -22659 -19129 -20433 -24531 -23105 -19020 -14582 -11497 -9762 -18795 -32405 -30002
Capital account surplus/deficit -11097 -11312 -9162 -39337 -13890 -13144 -8343 -8140 -9227 -6794 -5871 7100 -2737 4027 -3297 -2540
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -20126 -20591 -18046 -53702 -36550 -32273 -28776 -32671 -32331 -25814 -20453 -4397 -12499 -14768 -35702 -32542

Total revenue 12.0 11.9 11.7 11.4 11.1 11.8 11.6 10.6 10.3 10.8 11.9 14.8 12.2 13.0 11.6 11.2
Taxes 10.7 10.6 10.4 10.0 9.7 10.4 9.9 9.1 8.9 9.4 10.2 10.6 10.2 9.0 8.4 8.9
Total expenditure 16.0 15.9 15.2 21.8 18.3 18.1 17.3 17.2 16.8 15.9 16.0 15.6 14.6 15.9 19.1 18.0
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -4.0 -4.0 -3.4 -10.5 -7.2 -6.3 -5.7 -6.5 -6.5 -5.1 -4.1 -0.9 -2.4 -2.9 -7.6 -6.7
Expenditure by Function, General Governmentv

Total 124753 131301 134644 138766 143220 146362 150124 151509 153477 155424 158082 159183 162013 163631 172772 173357
General public services 8078 8016 8109 8738 9402 8668 8922 8981 9543 9158 11956 11440 10969 10503 10222 10877
Defensew 10040 10088 10401 10512 10522 10675 10782 10764 10819 10780 10297 10367 10413 10347 10323 9880
Education 18330 19080 19411 19410 19505 19751 19697 19594 19402 19108 15117 15203 15447 15252 14974 15070
Health 26022 27347 27304 27709 28617 31900 32890 33143 33694 34683 29495 29464 30149 30619 31878 33013
Social security and welfare 45506 47358 49331 52028 53973 53848 55868 57255 57672 58819 68864 70606 73017 74844 79701 81838
Housing and community amenities 1734 1892 1861 1829 1843 1878 1965 1814 1862 1875 2445 2481 2404 2294 2872 2593
Economic servicesx 10636 12270 12705 12946 13451 13591 13783 13687 14156 14474 14834 14827 14933 15194 17313 15319
Othersy 4408 5252 5522 5593 5908 6051 6216 6271 6329 6528 5073 4795 4683 4579 5489 4768
JAPAN
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
EXTERNAL TRADE billion Yen; calendar year
Exports, fob 41531 44731 50938 50645 47548 51654 48979 52109 54548 61170 65657 75246 83931 81018 54171 67400
Imports, cif 31549 37993 40956 36654 35268 40938 42416 42228 44362 49217 56949 67344 73136 78955 51499 60765
Trade balance 9982 6738 9982 13991 12280 10716 6564 9881 10186 11953 8707 7902 10796 2063 2671 6635

Exports 2.6 7.7 13.9 -0.6 -6.1 8.6 -5.2 6.4 4.7 12.1 7.3 14.6 11.5 -3.5 -33.1 24.4
Imports 12.3 20.4 7.8 -10.5 -3.8 16.1 3.6 -0.4 5.1 10.9 15.7 18.3 8.6 8.0 -34.8 18.0
Direction of Trade million US Dollars; calendar year

Exports, total 443536 411925 421865 388125 419705 478542 403652 416971 472067 566138 595141 647187 714890 782869 581587 771730
1. China, People's Rep. of 21934 21827 21692 20182 23450 30356 30948 39958 57480 73917 80005 92789 109297 124969 109632 149626
2. United States 122034 113174 118383 119717 130195 144009 122701 120198 117384 128606 136002 147230 145575 138932 95343 120483
3. Korea, Rep. of 31292 29369 26097 15400 23089 30703 25292 28612 34823 44247 46678 50290 54269 59426 47237 62270
4. Hong Kong, China 27780 25364 27257 22454 22148 27187 23252 25432 29918 35414 36019 36437 38909 40287 31875 42303
5. Thailand 19719 18301 14615 9352 11358 13634 11873 13217 16043 20274 22563 22907 25610 29495 22259 34222
6. Singapore 23006 20800 20264 14781 16345 20830 14713 14183 14858 17976 18529 19492 21821 26631 20702 25226
7. Germany 20328 18230 17988 19091 18698 19998 15652 14126 16412 18972 18742 20415 22629 23987 16653 20316
8. Netherlands 9921 9264 9792 10859 12055 12581 11489 10587 11756 13386 12080 14726 18552 21080 13518 16346
9. Malaysia 16802 15341 14524 9330 11153 13886 11012 11016 11250 12565 12624 13211 15057 16439 12864 17637
10. Australia 8104 7411 7970 8020 8446 8580 7693 8318 9966 11818 12513 12579 14223 17291 12186 15869
Imports, total 336254 349731 338772 280910 310816 379624 349106 337195 382973 454857 515224 578738 621909 762592 551978 694071
1. China, People's Rep. of 35922 40405 41828 37079 43070 55156 57780 61792 75559 94335 108439 118444 127760 143678 122536 153369
2. United States 75880 79897 75975 67518 67529 72514 63713 58589 59892 63605 65447 69329 72264 78975 60487 69027
3. Australia 14514 14228 14546 12989 12808 14774 14385 13986 15005 19404 24406 27776 31060 47683 34737 45188
4. Saudi Arabia 9718 10672 11886 7176 8394 14188 12316 11638 14565 18484 28575 36986 35593 50848 29204 35880
5. United Arab Emirates 10172 11506 12309 8341 8898 14815 12850 11607 14327 18324 25175 31720 32550 46763 22723 29276
6. Korea, Rep. of 17330 15980 14606 12142 16138 20454 17221 15498 17931 22063 24398 27385 27300 29505 21986 28649
7. Indonesia 14199 15223 14605 10824 12618 16371 14883 14174 16352 18652 20768 24216 26263 32559 21817 28255
8. Qatar 2172 2470 3014 2785 3438 5857 6030 5251 6516 7887 10629 15049 16964 26427 15931 21695
9. Malaysia 10545 11762 11372 8684 10943 14490 12824 11173 12593 14093 14686 15587 17353 23244 16732 22715
10. Thailand 10130 10266 9568 8165 8876 10595 10353 10507 11890 14099 15574 17037 18289 20815 16029 21033
BALANCE OF PAYMENTSz million US Dollars; calendar year

Current account 110421 65760 96980 118618 114587 119476 87653 112768 135999 172086 166009 171232 211749 161201 146795 203784
Balance on goods 131241 81344 99991 120334 120963 114804 69132 92116 103306 128495 93767 81379 104647 38968 43153 90896
Exports 428022 400500 409279 373295 402037 459568 383312 394613 447965 538809 568253 615918 677053 748214 543519 728207
Importsaa -296783 -319153 -309289 -252960 -281075 -344765 -314181 -302496 -344660 -410314 -474487 -534539 -572407 -709246 -500364 -637309
Services and income -13103 -6599 5847 7039 5801 14504 26424 25404 40193 51455 79643 100540 118636 135308 116073 125320
Credit … 179951 181114 162768 153189 166422 167439 157277 172955 210886 251643 283705 329677 364186 308778 323010
Debit … -186551 -175269 -155729 -147388 -151917 -141012 -131874 -132759 -159431 -171997 -183162 -211039 -228877 -192706 -197687
Current transfers -7711 -8986 -8855 -8757 -12174 -9832 -7903 -4752 -7503 -7866 -7400 -10688 -11533 -13078 -12435 -12437
Credit … 6019 6011 5489 6184 7369 6149 10197 6520 6898 9742 6181 6762 9114 9523 10097
Debit … -15006 -14866 -14247 -18360 -17200 -14052 -14950 -14021 -14762 -17141 -16870 -18294 -22189 -21958 -22534
Capital account -2279 -3252 -4033 -14753 -16757 -9230 -2849 -3362 -4030 -4744 -4982 -4759 -4016 -5402 -4972 -4945
Financial account -64437 -27476 -121037 -115738 -38325 -78213 -47942 -64248 70741 20799 -122101 -102436 -187385 -172518 -147510 -196662
Direct investment -22591 -23198 -22768 -20960 -10002 -23235 -32092 -23041 -22478 -23137 -43005 -56772 -51000 -103594 -62760 -57515
Portfolio investment -32715 -34091 34220 -44299 -26355 -35697 -46320 -104863 -98963 21629 -9709 127224 70074 -278511 -219143 -150939
Financial derivatives – -7365 -5922 791 -2902 -4723 1525 2098 5240 2393 -7280 2437 2759 23764 10139 11691
Other investment -9127 37178 -126565 -51271 933 -14558 28945 61560 186941 19912 -62110 -175326 -209219 185823 124254 101
Net errors and omissions 13956 1210 34420 4246 17720 16785 3759 1074 -17012 -28542 -16642 -32055 16151 47675 32689 41031
Overall balance 57660 36241 6330 -7628 77225 48817 40621 46232 185697 159599 22283 31982 36499 30957 27002 43207
Reserves and related items -57660 -36242 -6331 7628 -77225 -48818 -40619 -46232 -185698 -159600 -22286 -31983 -36497 -30962 -27001 -43205
JAPAN
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Exports 8.0 8.5 9.5 9.5 9.1 9.7 9.2 9.9 10.4 11.6 12.4 14.1 15.5 15.4 10.8 13.3
Imports -5.6 -6.8 -7.2 -6.5 -6.3 -7.3 -7.6 -7.6 -8.0 -8.8 -10.4 -12.3 -13.1 -14.6 -9.9 -11.6
Balance on goods 2.5 1.7 2.3 3.1 2.7 2.4 1.7 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.1 1.9 2.4 0.8 0.9 1.7
Current account balance 2.1 1.4 2.2 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.1 2.8 3.2 3.7 3.6 3.9 4.9 3.3 2.9 3.7
Overall balance 1.1 0.8 0.1 -0.2 1.7 1.0 1.0 1.2 4.3 3.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.8
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US Dollars; calendar year

Total 184510 217867 220792 216665 288080 361639 401958 469728 673530 844667 846896 895321 973364 1030641 1049401 1096185
Gold, national valuation 1260 1219 1144 1194 1164 6737 6803 8542 10241 10776 12621 15639 20580 21281 27161 34695
Foreign exchange 172443 207335 207866 203215 277708 347212 387727 451458 652790 824264 828813 874936 948356 1003670 996955 1036260
Reserve position in the Fund 8100 6671 9144 9593 6552 5253 5051 7203 7733 6789 2877 1934 1395 2658 4313 4608
SDRs 2707 2642 2638 2663 2656 2437 2377 2524 2766 2839 2584 2812 3033 3032 20968 20626
EXCHANGE RATES Yen per US Dollar

End of period 102.8 116.0 130.0 115.6 102.2 114.9 131.8 119.9 107.1 104.1 118.0 119.0 114.0 90.8 92.1 81.5
Average of period 94.1 108.8 121.0 130.9 113.9 107.8 121.5 125.4 115.9 108.2 110.2 116.3 117.8 103.4 93.6 87.8
EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESSab million US Dollars; as of end of year

Total debt outstanding and disbursed … … … … … … … … 1354248 1557069 1521073 1512871 1767807 2230601 2086389 2588631
Long-term debt … … … … … … … … 417983 499981 503459 581799 715877 815063 722464 782922
Public and publicly guaranteed … … … … … … … … 169561 232021 261753 311686 419140 458248 385900 449355
Private nonguaranteed … … … … … … … … 248422 267960 241706 270113 296737 356815 336563 333567
Short-term debt … … … … … … … … 936265 1057078 1017606 931072 1051930 1415548 1363937 1805721
Use of IMF credit … … … … … … … … – – – – – – – –
External debt percent of GNI … … … … … … … … 28.6 31.6 34.8 34.5 38.0 39.1 39.7 42.6
Total long-term debt percent of total debt … … … … … … … … 30.9 32.1 33.1 38.5 40.5 36.5 34.6 30.2
Short-term debt percent of total debt … … … … … … … … 69.1 67.9 66.9 61.5 59.5 63.5 65.4 69.8
Debt service percent of exports of goods and services … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
… = Data not available at cutoff date, | = Marks break in the series, 0.0 = Magnitude is less than half of unit employed, – = Magnitude equals zero.
a Figures for 1996–1999, 2001–2004, 2006–2009, and 2011 are interpolated estimates.
b Refers to total employed and unemployed persons 15 years old and over. Data from 2005 through 2011 are the compatible time-series data adjusted to the 2010-base benchmark revision. Data for 2011
are supplementary-estimated figures (Referential figures:2010-census base). The reason for the treatment is that 2011 yearly average results for whole Japan were missing due to the damage caused by
the Great East Japan Earthquake.
c Refers to the 2005 benchmark revision incorporating the 2005 Input-Output Tables and the 2005 Population census results and other major conceptual changes and improvements such as in fixed asset
estimation, delineation between public/private entities, and introduction of Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured in accordance with the SNA93 and SNA08.
d The 2005 benchmark revision incorporated the "Input-Output Tables in 2005" and adopted the Japan Standard Industry Classification (JSIC) Rev. 11 (March 2002) in classifying both economic activities
and goods and services. Specifically, the previous class, “Transport and Communications,” is divided into “Transport" and “Information and Communication” from the year 2005 (the old classification being
maintained for 2001–2004). The new classification of “Information and communications” contains “Publishing and Printing” from the previous “Manufacturing”, "Information Services" from the previous
“Business Services”, and “Broadcasting” from the previous “Personal Services.”
e Refers to producers of government services.

f Includes rental of dwellings and real estate, community and social service activities, business activities, personal service activities, and producers of private nonprofit services to households.
g Includes trading gains/losses.

h Refers to gross national saving less net factor income from abroad less net current transfers from abroad.
i Refers to other net current transfers from the rest of the world.
j Prior to 2003, data included all work places consuming 500 kWh or more; and beginning 2003, those consuming 1000 kWh or more.
JAPAN
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
k Refers to domestic corporate goods price index excluding consumption tax.
l Bank of Japan revised the compilation of money stock statistics starting 2003. Composition of M1 and quasi-money was revised in 2003 on. Hence, M2 in 2003 on is equivalent to M3.
m Includes certificates of deposit.

n Data from 2003 on include claims on local government.
o Refers to claims on other sectors.
p Refers to deposit money banks' quasi money plus certificates of deposit, equal to the sum of time deposits, fixed savings, installment savings, and foreign currency deposits.
q Refers to liabilities to nonresidents, central bank, government, and other items (net).
r Refers to claims on central bank, government, financial corporations, and other sectors including nonresidents.
s Refers to saving deposits of at least 0.3 million yen. It is computed as the arithmetic average of weekly figures.
t Refers to time deposits from 6 months to less than 12 months. It is computed as the arithmetic average of monthly figures.
u Refers to time deposits from 12 months to less than 2 years. It is computed as the arithmetic average of the monthly figures.
v Refers to the sum of general government's final consumption expenditure, subsidies, social benefits other than social transfers in kind, and other current transfers to other sectors other than the general
government.
w Includes public order and safety.
x Refers to economic affairs.
y Refers to environment protection and recreation, culture, and religion.
z Figures were converted from Japanese yen to US dollars using average exchange rates of the period from the IMF.
aa Figures beginning 1996 are based on new estimates of freight (sea transport).
ab Figures were converted from Japanese yen to US dollars using end-of-period exchange rates from the IMF.
Sources:
Population Japan Statistics Bureau (JSB). Official website. http://www.e-stat.go.jp (downloaded 11 March 2013).
Urban Population World Bank. World Development Indicators and Global Development Finance. http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/home.do (downloaded 29 April
2013).
Labor Force JSB. Official website. http://www.stat.go.jp (downloaded 11 March 2013).
National Accounts Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI). Official website. http://www.esri.cao.go.jp (downloaded 25 June 2013).
Production Indexes
Agriculture Food and Agriculture Organization. FAOSTAT. http://faostat.fao.org/site/612/default.aspx#ancor (downloaded April 2013).
Mining Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). Official website. http://www.meti.go.jp (downloaded 3 March 2013).
Manufacturing
Energy METI. Official website. http://www.meti.go.jp (downloaded 14 June 2013).
Price Indexes
Consumer JSB. Official website. http://www.stat.go.jp (downloaded 13 March 2013).

Food
Producer Bank of Japan (BOJ). Official website. http://www.boj.or.jp (downloaded 13 March 2013).
Money and Banking BOJ. Official website. http://www.boj.or.jp (downloaded 22 April 2013).
Government Finance ESRI. Official website. http://www.esri.cao.go.jp (downloaded 22 April 2013).

JAPAN
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
External Trade Ministry of Finance (MOF). Official website. http://www.customs.go.jp (downloaded 19 April 2013).
Direction of Trade International Monetary Fund (IMF). Direction of Trade Statistics CD-ROM, May 2013.
Balance of Payments BOJ. Official website: http://www.boj.or.jp (downloaded 24 April 2013).
International Reserves IMF. International Financial Statistics CD-ROM, May 2013.

Exchange Rates
External Indebtedness MOF. Official website. http://www.mof.go.jp (downloaded 19 April 2013).

2011 2012
127.8 127.6
343 342
-0.20 -0.20
91.1 …
65910 65550
62890 62700
2490 2400
10490 10320
30 30
49880 49950
3020 2850
4.6 4.3
-0.6 -0.5
59.3 59.1
71.1 70.8
48.2 48.2
470560 475529
5450 …
298 …
87087 …
8610 …
26448 …
66923 …
48331 …
22854 …
44020 …
158325 …
5550 …
2542 …
-794 …
14685 15086
485245 490615
1.2 …
26.1 …
72.7 …
470560 475529
284766 289622
96158 97315
96872 100714
-2953 -2699
71288 69734
75572 79157
2011 2012
60.5 60.9
20.4 20.5
20.0 20.6
15.1 14.7
16.1 16.6
509369 519277
6271 …
192 …
106799 …
9627 …
25823 …
65740 …
51451 …
27406 …
46067 …
162170 …
4894 …
2585 …
4681 …
15376 15900
507449 516340
-0.6 1.9
2.1 …
-2.8 …
0.5 …
509369 519277
301767 308725
98702 101049
99140 103523
-2847 -2626
82098 81989
69199 72967
0.4 2.3
1.4 2.4
-1.2 4.8
-0.4 -0.1
5.9 5.4
93919 98015
101438 …
87604 …
14685 15086
-850 …
2011 2012
18.6 …
21.6 …
20.0 20.6
3682 3728
3796 3846
92.6 …
90.8 92.1
92.1 91.9
832 794
… …
206979 212538
198183 198137
… …
… …
… …
… …
156.57 157.75
126.03 127.29
99.7 99.7
99.6 99.7
101.5 100.7
92.4 91.6
-0.3 –
-0.4 0.1
1.5 -0.8
-1.9 -0.9
541403 560279
79973 83070
461431 477209
582187 588408
1123590 1148687
84616 95017
1151949 1180799
453246 470484
505413 514258
2011 2012
193289 196057
-112974 -127128
2.6 2.2
238.8 241.6
461431 477209
582187 588408
252270 283966
1102662 1118725
0.028 0.023
0.195 0.187
0.071 0.065
53408 …
53408 …
48412 …
44506 …
3906 …
4996 …
… …
92327 …
92327 …
81227 …
11101 …
… …
-32815 …
-6104 …
-38919 …
11.3 …
9.5 …
19.6 …
-8.3 …
175127 …
10311 …
10262 …
15024 …
34171 …
83305 …
2512 …
15014 …
4527 …
2011 2012
65546 63748
68111 70689
-2565 -6941
-2.7 -2.7
12.1 3.8
824426 800282
161818 144226
127774 142009
66007 61526
42924 41062
37486 43717
27231 23302
23486 20799
17911 16158
18754 17704
17880 18415
854740 885722
183903 188431
76173 78228
56733 56433
50506 54778
42816 43993
39787 40588
34052 32275
30118 35866
30450 32843
24492 23624
119674 60453
-20255 -72868
785956 770043
-806211 -842910
153830 147666
372857 380802
-219023 -233137
-13902 -14345
13058 14886
-26964 -29228
352 -1008
14332 -101610
-109360 -120816
161958 -40373
16879 -7398
-55146 66982
38428 3920
172786 -38244
-172791 38243
2011 2012
13.3 12.9
-13.7 -14.1
-0.3 -1.2
2.0 1.0
2.9 -0.6
1295836 1268089
37666 40939
1221250 1193580
17178 13659
19745 19910
77.7 86.6
79.8 79.8
3115196 3024344
842512 793114
526698 502600
315813 290514
2272684 2231242
– –
49.9 53.4
27.0 26.2
73.0 73.8
… …
JAPAN
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
POPULATION
Total population million; as of 1 July 123.5 124.0 124.4 124.8 125.2 125.5 125.8 126.1 126.4 126.6 126.8 127.1 127.4 127.7
Population density persons per square kilometer 331 333 334 335 336 337 337 338 339 340 340 341 342 342
Population annual change, percent 0.33 0.39 0.37 0.32 0.28 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.27 0.18 0.17 0.24 0.23 0.21
Urban population percent of total population 63.1 63.4 63.7 64.0 64.3 64.6 64.7 64.8 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.4 65.5 65.7
LABOR FORCE a thousand; calendar year 63830 65050 65780 66160 66450 66670 67110 67870 67930 67790 67660 67520 66890 66640
Employed 62490 63690 64360 64500 64530 64570 64860 65570 65140 64620 64460 64120 63300 63140
Agriculture 4510 4270 4110 3830 3730 3670 3560 3500 3430 3350 3260 3130 2960 2930
Manufacturing 15050 15500 15690 15300 14960 14560 14450 14420 13820 13450 13210 12840 12220 11780
Mining 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 70 60 60 50 50 50 50
Others 42870 43860 44500 45310 45780 46280 46790 47580 47830 47760 47940 48100 48070 48380
Unemployed 1340 1360 1420 1660 1920 2100 2250 2300 2790 3170 3200 3400 3590 3500
Unemployment rate percent 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.4 4.1 4.7 4.7 5.0 5.4 5.3
Labor force annual change, percent 1.8 1.9 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.7 1.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.9 -0.4
Labor force participation rate percent 63.3 63.8 64.0 63.8 63.6 63.4 63.5 63.7 63.3 62.9 62.4 62.0 61.2 60.8
Male 77.2 77.6 77.9 78.0 77.8 77.6 77.7 77.7 77.3 76.9 76.4 75.7 74.7 74.1
Female 50.1 50.7 50.7 50.3 50.2 50.0 50.0 50.4 50.1 49.6 49.3 49.2 48.5 48.3
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS billion Yen; calendar year

At Current Prices
GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 440125 468235 480492 484234 486552 493588 504262 515249 504843 497629 502990 497720 491312 490294
Agriculture 10916 10839 10613 9779 10233 9346 9697 9172 9518 9279 8896 8463 8443 8282
Mining 1121 1102 1068 960 864 861 863 807 738 645 627 631 570 562
Manufacturing 117316 124508 123193 117008 112834 114669 117193 118969 113708 110125 111439 104084 101272 102757
Electricity, gas, and water 11232 11979 12363 12566 13089 13329 13518 13998 14181 14068 13576 13849 13400 12834
Construction 43406 44945 44989 45393 44044 40841 41126 41566 39329 38133 37130 35538 33893 32333
31 of 62
JAPAN
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Trade 58324 65904 69350 70189 72660 75788 75444 77038 73954 73066 70661 69779 67722 66240
Transport and communications 29090 31283 32214 32854 33736 35264 35372 36392 35632 34947 34821 34575 34501 34353
Finance 24815 24817 25305 26085 28127 29299 31391 32080 29613 30218 30445 31916 33482 34141
Public administration b 32219 34028 35574 36918 38117 39579 43127 44363 45245 45644 45974 46529 47141 46814
Others c
124343 133520 142874 150257 153509 156724 155948 160655 163665 163474 169409 171546 172626 173621
Less: Imputed bank service charges 15450 15028 17864 18935 20532 23802 23600 24875 23947 23795 23294 25602 26638 25904
Taxes less subsidies on imports d 430 484 784 654 908 1003 1068 548 462 719 685 849 1071 1155
Statistical discrepancy 2363 -146 30 508 -1035 688 3116 4536 2745 1105 2622 5563 3829 3107
Net factor income from abroad 2772 3071 3990 4163 3812 3836 5471 6758 6940 6384 6421 8321 8193 8524
GNI at current market prices 442897 471306 484482 488397 490364 497424 509732 522007 511782 504013 509411 506041 499506 498818

Agriculture 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6
Industry 38.2 37.8 36.5 35.0 33.7 32.9 33.0 32.8 32.0 31.4 31.1 29.8 29.1 29.0
Services 59.4 60.0 61.4 63.0 64.3 65.3 65.2 65.5 66.2 66.8 67.2 68.6 69.3 69.4
Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 440125 468235 480492 484234 486552 493588 504262 515249 504843 497629 502990 497720 491312 490294
Private consumption 234272 247563 258052 264149 267137 271656 278564 284387 282527 283880 282772 284217 283254 281791
Government consumption 56890 60872 64249 67014 71568 74663 77341 78963 80304 82207 84942 87122 88306 88503
Gross fixed capital formation 142239 149057 146782 142008 138670 138090 142907 142903 130559 126793 126634 122805 114334 111783
Increase in stocks 2551 3195 1011 298 -706 2222 2911 3239 2009 -3144 1326 402 -993 242
Exports of goods and services 45863 46668 47288 44109 44270 45230 49561 56074 55051 51144 55256 52567 55829 58882
Less: Imports of goods and services 41690 39121 36891 33344 34387 38272 47022 50316 45607 43251 47940 49393 49417 50907

Private consumption 53.2 52.9 53.7 54.5 54.9 55.0 55.2 55.2 56.0 57.0 56.2 57.1 57.7 57.5
Government consumption 12.9 13.0 13.4 13.8 14.7 15.1 15.3 15.3 15.9 16.5 16.9 17.5 18.0 18.1
32 of 62
JAPAN
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Gross domestic capital formation 32.9 32.5 30.8 29.4 28.4 28.4 28.9 28.4 26.3 24.8 25.4 24.8 23.1 22.8
Exports of goods and services 10.4 10.0 9.8 9.1 9.1 9.2 9.8 10.9 10.9 10.3 11.0 10.6 11.4 12.0
Imports of goods and services 9.5 8.4 7.7 6.9 7.1 7.8 9.3 9.8 9.0 8.7 9.5 9.9 10.1 10.4
Statistical discrepancy – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
At Constant | Chained Prices e

GDP by industrial origin at 1995 | 2000 market prices 460925 476369 481000 482191 487520 496958 | 492340 500072 489824 489130 503120 504048 505369 512513
Agriculture 11711 10396 10680 9704 9940 9346 | 8567 8463 8632 8715 8896 8680 9201 8661
Mining 1402 1295 1222 1112 903 861 | 628 605 575 567 627 676 651 659
Manufacturing 112676 118335 115995 111750 110107 114669 | 109490 112244 106341 105914 111439 105344 103731 109243
Electricity, gas, and water 12399 13057 13092 12805 13149 13329 | 13137 13134 13391 13562 13576 13873 13832 13819
Construction 48006 47451 46348 46303 43984 40841 | 41358 40868 39105 38490 37130 36033 34888 33074
Trade 57452 63345 66912 68235 71354 75788 | 74711 75317 72866 72464 70661 71200 70509 69252
Transport and communications 30822 32259 32631 33223 34057 35264 | 32091 34055 34039 34019 34821 35724 36552 36971
Finance 24408 24517 25100 26122 28131 29299 | 30330 31054 29244 30213 30445 31666 33645 34508
Public administration b 35835 36158 36682 37500 38447 39545 | 42737 43329 43987 45070 45974 46764 47589 48516
Others c 139079 144306 148743 152735 154132 156724 | 158244 160541 162596 162994 169409 173315 176585 179928
Less: Imputed bank service charges 14574 14160 16989 18398 20312 23802 | 22363 23600 23171 23643 23294 26039 27598 27110
Taxes less subsidies on imports 2060 2305 2426 2392 2664 2889 | 3016 3544 3662 3738 3869 3898 3796 3953
less: Consumption taxes for gross capital formation 2159 2252 2073 1872 1756 1889 | 3027 3434 3096 2787 3185 3177 2921 3096
Statistical discrepancy 1810 -642 231 582 2721 4093 | 3616 3880 1781 -46 2752 6091 4873 4016
Net factor income from abroad f 2915 3135 3997 4152 3798 3840 | 5389 6592 6798 6322 6431 8436 8440 8903
GNI at 1995 | 2000 market prices g 460948 477662 484099 486092 491562 500766 | 500827 507837 499384 498093 509554 512406 513532 519689

GDP 5.2 3.4 1.0 0.2 1.1 2.0 2.7 1.6 -2.0 -0.1 2.9 0.2 0.3 1.4
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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Agriculture -0.3 -11.2 2.7 -9.1 2.4 -6.0 2.4 -1.2 2.0 1.0 2.1 -2.4 6.0 -5.9
Industry 7.9 3.2 -1.9 -2.7 -2.2 0.9 3.3 1.4 -4.5 -0.6 2.7 -4.2 -1.8 2.4
Services 4.0 4.5 3.2 2.5 2.6 3.2 3.0 1.8 -0.5 0.6 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.2
Expenditure on GDP at 1995 | 2000 market prices 460925 476369 481000 482191 | 469969 479181 492340 500072 489824 489130 503120 504048 505369 512513
Private consumption 247378 254483 261142 264716 | 266416 271485 278275 280353 277906 280693 282772 287391 290544 291731
Government consumption 61459 63961 65579 67558 | 71238 74041 76177 76779 78156 81404 84942 87492 89585 91683
Gross fixed capital formation 143472 146738 143231 139209 | 129171 130343 136318 135975 126176 125180 126634 125488 119307 118663
Increase in stocks 2324 2937 1000 240 | -535 2092 2773 3053 2009 -3065 1452 491 -888 301
Exports of goods and services 38840 40443 42028 41995 | 40292 42043 44513 49460 48120 49029 55256 51427 55291 60385
Less: Imports of goods and services 32548 32194 31981 31527 | 35218 39918 45256 45488 42376 43904 47940 48240 48684 50578

Private consumption 4.6 2.9 2.6 1.4 0.6 1.9 2.5 0.7 -0.9 1.0 0.7 1.6 1.1 0.4
Government consumption 3.2 4.1 2.5 3.0 5.4 3.9 2.9 0.8 1.8 4.2 4.3 3.0 2.4 2.3
Gross domestic capital formation 7.3 2.7 -3.6 -3.3 -7.8 3.0 5.0 -0.0 -7.8 -4.7 4.9 -1.6 -6.0 0.5
Exports of goods and services 6.7 4.1 3.9 -0.1 -4.1 4.3 5.9 11.1 -2.7 1.9 12.7 -6.9 7.5 9.2
Imports of goods and services 7.8 -1.1 -0.7 -1.4 11.7 13.3 13.4 0.5 -6.8 3.6 9.2 0.6 0.9 3.9
Investment Financing at current prices h

Gross domestic capital formation 144790 152252 147793 142305 | 137964 140311 145819 146142 132568 123649 127961 123207 113341 112025
Gross national saving 148901 161574 161998 156466 148890 146696 | 149856 153339 145351 135596 138214 128296 123652 124685
Gross domestic saving i 146601 159946 158161 152563 145431 143267 145242 147363 139267 130436 132654 120817 115924 116893
Net factor income from abroad 2772 3071 3990 4163 3812 3836 5471 6758 6940 6384 6421 8321 8193 8524
Net current transfers from abroad j -471 -1443 -152 -260 -353 -407 -856 -781 -856 -1224 -861 -843 -466 -733
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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Gross domestic saving 33.3 34.2 32.9 31.5 29.9 29.0 28.8 28.6 27.6 26.2 26.4 24.3 23.6 23.8
Gross national saving 33.8 34.5 33.7 32.3 30.6 29.7 29.7 29.8 28.8 27.2 27.5 25.8 25.2 25.4
Gross domestic capital formation 32.9 32.5 30.8 29.4 28.4 28.4 28.9 28.4 26.3 24.8 25.4 24.8 23.1 22.8
At Current Prices thousand Yen

Per capita GDP 3564 3777 3862 3879 3887 3934 4010 4087 3994 3930 3965 3914 3855 3839
Per capita GNI 3587 3802 3894 3913 3917 3964 4053 4141 4049 3980 4016 3980 3919 3906

Agriculture 1999–2001 = 100 110.0 106.0 110.0 101.0 108.0 106.0 104.0 104.0 99.0 100.0 100.0 98.0 99.0 94.0
Mining 2005 = 100 117.7 121.7 120.6 118.9 118.7 114.4 116.0 106.2 100.6 99.6 100.4 100.0 94.0 97.0
Manufacturing 2005 = 100 99.2 100.9 94.7 91.0 91.9 94.9 97.0 100.6 93.7 93.9 99.2 92.5 91.4 94.2

Crude petroleum thousand metric tons
Production 632 878 1002 911 870 861 837 842 792 730 740 760 723 820
Exports … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Imports 228760 242697 251234 255096 270848 266921 263445 271701 254828 250426 250578 247089 235649 248496
Consumption 201054 213411 227212 232227 242940 242906 243706 251381 244955 241277 241541 238668 231631 239307
Electricity million kilowatt-hours

Production 857272 888089 895266 906705 964330 989880 1009349 1037892 1046288 1066130 1091500 1075890 1101260 1093956
Exports … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Imports … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Consumption k 354228 362054 358690 355540 369837 377740 387283 398330 389160 397004 407042 395020 403546 404707
Retail prices Yen/liter
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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Gasoline, premium 141.50 143.33 140.08 140.00 137.08 131.42 123.25 118.42 107.83 106.67 113.67 114.25 110.67 112.42
Diesel 75.00 78.67 76.58 77.25 82.58 79.58 80.50 81.83 76.92 76.33 81.75 83.08 80.33 82.08

Consumer 2005 = 100 94.1 97.3 98.9 100.2 100.8 100.7 100.8 102.7 103.3 103.0 102.2 101.5 100.6 100.3
Food 95.2 99.8 100.4 101.4 102.3 101.0 100.9 102.7 104.2 103.6 101.6 101.0 100.2 100.0
Producer price index l 2005 = 100 112.8 113.9 113.0 111.2 109.4 108.5 106.7 105.9 103.8 102.3 102.4 100.0 98.0 97.1
Implicit GDP deflator m
1995 | 2000 = 100 95.5 98.3 99.9 100.4 | 103.5 103.0 102.4 103.0 103.1 101.7 100.0 98.7 97.2 95.7

Consumer price index 3.1 3.4 1.6 1.3 0.6 -0.1 0.1 1.9 0.6 -0.3 -0.8 -0.7 -0.9 -0.3
Food price index 4.0 4.8 0.6 1.0 0.9 -1.3 -0.1 1.8 1.5 -0.6 -1.9 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2
Producer price index 1.0 0.9 -0.8 -1.5 -1.7 -0.8 -1.7 -0.7 -2.0 -1.4 0.1 -2.3 -2.1 -0.8
Implicit GDP deflator 2.4 2.9 1.6 0.5 3.1 -0.5 -0.6 0.6 0.0 -1.3 -1.7 -1.2 -1.5 -1.6
MONEY AND BANKING n billion Yen; as of end of period

Money supply (M1) 119628 131044 136138 145615 151665 171544 188147 204283 214404 239538 247859 281800 347977 | 451826
Currency in circulation 37254 37970 38103 40849 42353 46231 49084 52733 54311 59405 61948 66690 71328 | 71926
Demand deposits 82374 93074 98035 104765 109312 125313 139063 151550 160093 180134 185912 215110 276649 | 379900
Quasi-money o 385344 385302 379346 381225 389754 387260 387152 393211 407090 398472 402004 389477 335617 | 577380
Money supply (M2) 504972 516346 515484 526840 541419 558804 575298 597494 621494 638011 649863 671277 683594 | 1029206
Foreign assets (net) -30521 -17858 -7624 31775 34563 46014 41937 53335 32687 27356 27728 27758 26849 | 32931
Domestic credit 608573 626008 644343 649409 646823 658280 667361 675955 742001 740040 756978 767624 755218 | 1169802
Claims on government sector (net) p 84194 73895 79360 90743 87017 89081 91479 97165 140361 153108 180323 205825 222528 | 309603
Claims on private sector q
524379 552113 564983 558666 559806 569199 575883 578790 601640 586932 576654 561800 532690 | 517411
Claims on other financial institutions … … … … … … … … … … … … … | 342788
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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Other items -73080 -91804 -121234 -154345 -139967 -145490 -134000 -131796 -153194 -129386 -134842 -124106 -98474 | -173527
Money supply (M2) annual change, percent 7.4 2.3 -0.2 2.2 2.8 3.2 3.0 3.9 4.0 2.7 1.9 3.3 1.8 …
M2 percent of GDP at current market prices 114.7 110.3 107.3 108.8 111.3 113.2 114.1 116.0 123.1 128.2 129.2 134.9 139.1 209.9
Deposit Money Banks

Demand deposits 82374 93074 98035 104765 109312 125313 139063 151550 160093 180134 185912 215110 276649 | 379900
Savings and time deposits r
3853439 3853019 3793463 3812250 3897541 3872602 3871515 3932106 407090 398472 402004 389477 335617 | 577380
Loans and advances s
215940 210488 218711 239320 223857 231949 220834 226402 419892 338928 328677 327256 287143 | 79246
Domestic credits outstanding t
602150 634640 650832 644109 642792 650670 653607 660672 707208 740239 781486 749539 724407 | 1235395
Interest Rates percent; period averages

On deposits
Savings u … … … … 1.630 0.908 0.285 0.252 0.226 0.115 0.093 0.052 0.017 0.010
Time: 6 months v … … … 1.969 1.969 1.081 0.492 0.429 0.446 0.227 0.197 0.105 0.062 0.069
12 months w … … … 1.991 2.043 1.164 0.564 0.447 0.424 0.272 0.241 0.130 0.072 0.049
GOVERNMENT FINANCE billion Yen; fiscal year ending 31 March

Central Government
Total revenue and grants 67595 69054 63854 63086 59058 60372 61028 61260 58224 55893 60192 57790 52030 50582
Total revenue 67595 69054 63854 63086 59058 60372 61028 61260 58224 55893 60192 57790 52030 50582
Current revenue 64371 65233 59649 58569 55113 55996 57169 57420 54194 52025 56512 54272 48790 47780
Taxes 61686 62683 57304 56381 52866 53475 54443 54482 51229 48915 52849 50082 45304 44526
Nontaxes 2686 2550 2345 2188 2247 2521 2726 2938 2965 3110 3663 4190 3486 3254
Capital receipts 3223 3821 4204 4517 3945 4376 3858 3839 4030 3869 3680 3518 3240 2802
Grants … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Total expenditure and net lending 69655 70852 75258 80180 80045 82302 81617 79304 111926 92443 92465 87283 85110 83367
Total expenditure 69655 70852 75258 80180 80045 82302 81617 79304 111926 92443 92465 87283 85110 83367
Current expenditure 60241 60764 62435 63222 64048 66497 66447 66303 68559 74684 75641 74082 72499 70632
Capital expenditure 9415 10088 12823 16959 15997 15805 15170 13001 43367 17759 16823 13201 12612 12735
Net lending … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Current surplus/deficit 4131 4469 -2786 -4652 -8936 -10501 -9277 -8883 -14365 -22659 -19129 -19810 -23709 -22852
Capital account surplus/deficit -6191 -6268 -8618 -12442 -12051 -11430 -11312 -9162 -39337 -13890 -13144 -9682 -9371 -9933
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -2061 -1799 -11404 -17094 -20987 -21930 -20589 -18045 -53702 -36550 -32273 -29493 -33081 -32785

Total revenue 15.4 14.7 13.3 13.0 12.1 12.2 12.1 11.9 11.5 11.2 12.0 11.6 10.6 10.3
Total expenditure 15.8 15.1 15.7 16.6 16.5 16.7 16.2 15.4 22.2 18.6 18.4 17.5 17.3 17.0
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -0.5 -0.4 -2.4 -3.5 -4.3 -4.4 -4.1 -3.5 -10.6 -7.3 -6.4 -5.9 -6.7 -6.7
Expenditure by Function, General Government x

Total 97708 101989 108168 113043 118408 124753 131301 134644 138766 143220 146362 150124 151509 153477
General public services 7958 7157 7463 7735 7710 8078 8016 8109 8738 9402 8668 8922 8981 9543
Defense y 8414 8803 9094 9297 9584 10040 10088 10401 10512 10522 10675 10782 10764 10819
Education 15669 16399 16976 17392 17923 18330 19080 19411 19410 19505 19751 19697 19594 19402
Health 19787 21103 22771 23684 24832 26022 27347 27304 27709 28617 31900 32890 33143 33694
Social security and welfare 32759 34804 37411 39712 42340 45506 47358 49331 52028 53973 53848 55868 57255 57672
Housing and community amenities 1346 1443 1540 1662 1748 1734 1892 1861 1829 1843 1878 1965 1814 1862
Economic services z 8458 8700 9095 9526 10023 10636 12270 12705 12946 13451 13591 13783 13687 14156
Others aa
3315 3581 3817 4036 4249 4408 5252 5522 5593 5908 6051 6216 6271 6329
EXTERNAL TRADE billion Yen; calendar year

Exports, fob 41457 42360 43012 40202 40498 41531 44731 50938 50645 47548 51654 48979 52109 54548
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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Imports, cif 33855 31900 29527 26826 28104 31549 37993 40956 36654 35268 40938 42416 42228 44362
Trade balance 7602 10460 13485 13376 12393 9982 6738 9982 13991 12280 10716 6564 9881 10186

Exports 9.6 2.2 1.5 -6.5 0.7 2.6 7.7 13.9 -0.6 -6.1 8.6 -5.2 6.4 4.7
Imports 16.8 -5.8 -7.4 -9.1 4.8 12.3 20.4 7.8 -10.5 -3.8 16.1 3.6 -0.4 5.1
Direction of Trade million US Dollars; calendar year

Exports, total 288000 315143 340094 363061 395408 443536 411925 421865 388125 419705 478542 403652 416969 472063
1. United States 91121 92200 96716 106898 118693 122034 113174 118383 119717 130195 144009 122701 120198 117384
2. China, People's Republic of 6145 8605 11967 17353 18687 21934 21827 21692 20182 23450 30356 30948 39958 57480
3. Korea, Republic of 17500 20088 17786 19192 24361 31292 29369 26097 15400 23089 30703 25292 28612 34823
4. Hong Kong, China 13106 16337 20779 22828 25743 27780 25364 27257 22454 22148 27187 23252 25432 29918
5. Thailand 9150 9446 10384 12317 14700 19719 18301 14615 9352 11358 13634 11873 13217 16043
6. Germany 17926 20631 20323 18108 17784 20328 18230 17988 19091 18698 19998 15652 14126 16412
7. Singapore 10739 12228 12981 16672 19605 23006 20800 20264 14781 16345 20830 14713 14183 14858
8. Netherlands 6178 7229 8095 7500 8507 9921 9264 9792 10859 12055 12581 11489 10587 11756
9. United Kingdom 10817 11030 12299 12101 12734 14073 12494 13771 14626 14249 14837 12146 11961 13204
10. Malaysia 5529 7649 8128 9690 12364 16802 15341 14524 9330 11153 13886 11012 11016 11250
Imports, total 235361 236682 232965 241795 274465 336254 349731 338772 280910 310816 379624 349106 337195 382973
1. China, People's Republic of 12057 14248 16972 20652 27569 35922 40405 41828 37079 43070 55156 57780 61792 75559
2. United States 52842 53634 52693 55943 63067 75880 79897 75975 67518 67529 72514 63713 58589 59892
3. Saudi Arabia 10495 10091 10251 8925 8376 9718 10672 11886 7176 8394 14188 12316 11638 14565
4. United Arab Emirates 9083 10513 9733 8999 9143 10172 11506 12309 8341 8898 14815 12850 11607 14327
5. Australia 12359 12965 12409 12253 13574 14514 14228 14546 12989 12808 14774 14385 13986 15005
6. Korea, Republic of 11743 12381 11596 11742 13524 17330 15980 14606 12142 16138 20454 17221 15498 17931
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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
7. Indonesia 12744 12783 12239 12537 12883 14199 15223 14605 10824 12618 16371 14883 14174 16352
8. Germany 11642 10746 10746 9824 11130 13703 14189 12380 10686 11513 12733 12391 12437 14227
9. Thailand 4164 5258 5950 6526 8181 10130 10266 9568 8165 8876 10595 10353 10507 11890
10. Malaysia 5411 6458 6556 7676 8201 10545 11762 11372 8684 10943 14490 12824 11173 12593
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ab million US Dollars; calendar year

Current account 44710 68116 112391 131920 130543 110425 65760 96979 118617 114588 119477 87656 112767 136001
Balance on goods 69430 95933 124564 139226 144136 131239 81347 99990 120335 120963 114804 69131 92116 103305
Exports 281009 307817 332264 352201 384985 428022 400500 409278 373296 402037 459570 383312 394613 447966
Imports ac -211579 -211884 -207701 -212974 -240848 -296783 -319154 -309288 -252961 -281074 -344767 -314181 -302496 -344661
Services and income -20046 -15828 -8357 -2225 -7503 -13103 -6600 5844 7039 5801 14505 26427 25403 40196
Credit … … … … … … 179951 181113 162768 153189 166422 167439 157277 172956
Debit … … … … … … -186551 -175269 -155729 -147388 -151918 -141012 -131874 -132759
Current transfers -4674 -11989 -3816 -5082 -6091 -7711 -8987 -8855 -8757 -12176 -9832 -7903 -4752 -7501
Credit … … … … … … 6019 6011 5489 6184 7369 6149 10197 6520
Debit … … … … … … -15006 -14866 -14247 -18360 -17200 -14052 -14950 -14021
Capital account -1058 -1198 -1296 -1484 -1879 -2279 -3252 -4033 -14753 -16757 -9230 -2849 -3362 -4030
Financial account -32561 -67588 -100689 -103767 -86105 -64434 -27476 -121036 -115741 -38324 -78213 -47943 -64247 70741
Direct investment -48969 -30353 -14549 -13700 -17231 -22591 -23198 -22768 -20960 -10002 -23235 -32092 -23041 -22478
Portfolio investment ad 8219 44698 -26372 -69803 -23146 -32715 -41456 28297 -43509 -29256 -40420 -44795 -102766 -93724
Other investments 8189 -81934 -59768 -20264 -45728 -9127 37178 -126566 -51272 934 -14558 28944 61560 186942
Net errors and omissions -20554 -7785 -9816 286 -17267 13956 1210 34420 4246 17720 16785 3759 1074 -17012
Overall balance -9464 -8455 590 26955 25293 57668 36241 6330 -7631 77227 48818 40622 46232 185699
Reserves and related items 9464 8455 -590 -26955 -25293 -57668 -36241 -6330 7631 -77227 -48818 -40622 -46232 -185699

Exports 9.2 8.9 8.8 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.6 9.6 9.7 9.2 9.8 9.4 10.1 10.6
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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Imports -7.0 -6.1 -5.5 -4.9 -5.1 -5.7 -6.9 -7.3 -6.6 -6.4 -7.4 -7.7 -7.7 -8.1
Balance on goods 2.3 2.8 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.5 1.8 2.3 3.1 2.8 2.5 1.7 2.4 2.4
Current account balance 1.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.1 1.4 2.3 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.1 2.9 3.2
Overall balance -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.1 -0.2 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 4.4
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US Dollars; calendar year

Total 79707 73272 72789 99689 127098 184510 217867 220792 216665 288080 356021 396237 462357 664569
Gold, national valuation 1206 1213 1166 1165 1238 1260 1219 1144 1194 1164 1119 1082 1171 1280
Foreign exchange 69487 61758 61888 88720 115146 172443 207335 207866 203215 277708 347212 387727 451458 652790
Reserve position in the Fund 5971 7722 8641 8261 8631 8100 6671 9144 9593 6552 5253 5051 7203 7733
SDRs 3042 2579 1094 1543 2083 2707 2642 2638 2663 2656 2437 2377 2524 2766
EXCHANGE RATES ae Yen per US Dollar

End of period 134.4 125.2 124.8 111.9 99.7 102.8 116.0 130.0 115.6 102.2 114.9 131.8 119.9 107.1
Average of period 144.8 134.7 126.7 111.2 102.2 94.1 108.8 121.0 130.9 113.9 107.8 121.5 125.4 115.9
EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS af million US Dollars; as of end of year

Total debt outstanding and disbursed … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1354248
Long-term debt … … … … … … … … … … … … … 417983
Public and publicly guaranteed … … … … … … … … … … … … … 169561
Private nonguaranteed … … … … … … … … … … … … … 248422
Short-term debt … … … … … … … … … … … … … 936265
Use of IMF credit … … … … … … … … … … … … … –
External debt percent of GNI … … … … … … … … … … … … … 29.1

Total long-term debt percent of total debt … … … … … … … … … … … … … 30.9
Short-term debt percent of total debt … … … … … … … … … … … … … 69.1
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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Debt service percent of exports of goods and services … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
a Refers to total employed and unemployed persons 15 years old and over.
b Refers to producers of government services.
c Includes renting of dwellings and real estate, community and social service activities, business activities, personal service activities, and producers of private
nonprofit services to households.
d Net of consumption taxes for gross capital formation.
e GDP by industrial origin prior to 1996 are fixed-based estimates with 1995 as base year, while the series from 1996 onward are chain-linked estimates with 2000
as reference year. On the other hand, expenditures on GDP prior to 1994 are fixed-based estimates with 1995 as base year, while the series from 1994 onward
are chain-linked estimates with 2000 as reference year.
f Refers to net compensation of employees from the rest of the world. Data do not include net property income from the rest of the world.
g Includes trading gains/losses.
h Gross domestic capital formation prior to 1994 used 1995 as benchmark year while from 1995 onwards used 2000 as benchmark year. For the gross national
saving, data prior to 1996 used 1995 as benchmark year while that from 1996 onwards used 2000 as benchmark year.
i Refers to the difference of gross national saving from net factor income from abroad and net current transfers.
j Refers to other net current transfers from the rest of the world.
k Prior to 2003, data included all work places consuming 500 kWh or more; and beginning 2003, those consuming 1000 kWh or more.
l Refers to domestic corporate goods price index excluding consumption tax.
m Computed using expenditure on GDP.
n Bank of Japan revised the compilation of money stock statistics starting 2003. Composition of M1 and quasi-money was revised in 2003 onward. Hence, M2 in
2003 onward is equivalent to M3.
o Includes certificate of deposits.
p Data from 2003 onward include claims on local government.
q Refers to claims on other sector.
r Refers to deposit money banks' quasi-money plus certificate of deposits, which is equal to the sum of time deposits, fixed savings, installment savings and foreign
currency deposits.
s Refers to liabilities to nonresidents, central bank, government and other items (net).
t Refers to claims on central bank, government, financial corporations, and claims on other sectors including nonresidents.
42 of 62
JAPAN
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
u Refers to saving deposits of at least 0.3 million Yen. It is computed as the arithmetic average of weekly figures.
v Refers to time deposits from 6 months to less than 12 months.It is computed as the arithmetic average of monthly figures.
w Refers to time deposits from 12 months to less than 2 years.It is computed as the arithmetic average of the monthly figures.
x Refers to the sum of general government's final consumption expenditure, subsidies, social benefits other than social transfers in kind, and other current transfers
to other sectors other than the general government.
y Includes public order and safety.
z Refers to economic affairs.
aa Refers to environment protection and recreation, culture and religion.
ab Figures were converted from Japanese Yen to US Dollars using average exchange rates of the period from the IMF.
ac Figures beginning 1996 are based on new estimates of freight (sea transport).
ad Includes financial derivatives.
ae Figures beginning 1993 are not comparable to those prior to 1993 due to change in appropriation standard.
af Figures were converted from Japanese Yen to US Dollars using end-of-period exchange rates from the IMF.
Sources:
Population Official communication, 22 April 2009; past communication. Japan Statistics Bureau.
Urban Population World Development Indicators Online. World Bank.
Labor Force Official communication, 22 April 2009; past communication. Japan Statistics Bureau.
Official communication, 22 April 2009; past communication. Economic and Social Research
National Accounts Institute.
Production Indexes
Agriculture FAOSTAT Database Online. Food and Agriculture Organization.
43 of 62
JAPAN
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Official communication, 22 April 2009; past communication. Ministry of Economy, Trade and
Mining Industry.
Manufacturing
Official communication, 22 April 2009; past communication. Ministry of Economy, Trade and
Energy Industry.
Price Indexes
Consumer Official communication, 22 April 2009; past communication. Japan Statistics Bureau.
Food
Producer For 1990-2003, Official website (www.boj.or.jp/en/index.htm). Bank of Japan.

For 2004-2008, Official communication, 22 April 2009. Bank of Japan.
Money and Banking Official communication, 22 April 2009; past communication. Bank of Japan.
For 1990-2003, Official website (www.esri.go.jp/index-e.html). Economic and Social Research

Government Finance Institute.
For 2004-2007, Official communication, 22 April 2009. Economic and Social Research Institute.
External Trade For 1990-2003, Official website (www.customs.go.jp/english/index.htm). Ministry of Finance.

For 2004-2008, Official communication, 22 April 2009. Ministry of Finance.
Direction of Trade Direction of Trade Statistics CD-ROM, May 2009. International Monetary Fund.
Balance of Payments For 1990-2003, Official communication, 23 April 2008. Ministry of Finance and Bank of Japan.
44 of 62
JAPAN
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
International Reserves International Financial Statistics CD-ROM, May 2009. International Monetary Fund.
Exchange Rates
External Indebtedness For 2003, Official communication, 23 April 2008. Ministry of Finance and Bank of Japan.
45 of 62
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
127.8 127.8 127.8 127.8 127.7

343 343 343 343 343
0.03 0.01 -0.01 0.01 -0.06
65.8 66.0 66.2 66.3 …
66400 66480 66590 66690 66480

63270 63540 63840 64120 63830
2860 2820 2720 2720 2680
11500 11420 11610 11650 11440
40 30 30 40 30
48870 49270 49480 49710 49680
3130 2940 2750 2570 2650
4.7 4.4 4.1 3.9 4.0
-0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.3
60.4 60.4 60.4 60.4 60.2
73.4 73.3 73.2 73.1 72.8
48.3 48.4 48.5 48.5 48.4
498329 501734 507365 515805 507615

8053 7628 7437 7402 …
481 488 435 408 …
105410 107877 107766 108696 …
12727 12051 11565 10206 …
32954 31861 31849 31019 …
46 of 62
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
67734 69065 68234 68835 …
34277 33612 33524 33721 …
33648 34940 35207 34345 …
46982 47050 47306 47898 …
174717 177922 181870 185287 …
24598 24342 24130 23610 …
1119 1679 2166 1942 …
4827 1902 4138 9655 …
9620 11849 14418 17238 16735
507949 513583 521783 533043 524349
1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 …

29.3 29.1 28.9 28.5 …
69.1 69.4 69.7 70.1 …
498328 501734 507365 515805 507615

284428 285936 289594 290445 293365
89468 90602 90703 92417 94029
113159 116885 118467 120670 117083
1647 1356 2253 3640 2423
66286 71913 81756 90830 88474
56660 64957 75408 82198 87759
57.1 57.0 57.1 56.3 57.8

18.0 18.1 17.9 17.9 18.5
47 of 62
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
23.0 23.6 23.8 24.1 23.5
13.3 14.3 16.1 17.6 17.4
11.4 12.9 14.9 15.9 17.3
– – – – –
526578 536762 547709 560813 557219

8042 8328 8157 8560 …
564 595 541 479 …
115593 121599 125794 130351 …
14343 15587 15666 14206 …
33788 32693 32502 31393 …
70071 71006 69299 69021 …
37309 37184 37729 38215 …
33780 34634 34228 33225 …
48863 49191 49513 50269 …
183138 188265 193823 197771 …
25612 25042 24319 23656 …
4039 4101 4152 4104 …
3320 3606 3745 4072 …
5993 2513 4961 11709 …
10107 12502 15222 18198 17559
532251 540239 548224 560156 548216
2.7 1.9 2.0 2.4 -0.6
48 of 62
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
-7.1 3.6 -2.0 4.9 …
4.9 3.3 2.5 2.1 …
2.1 1.3 1.9 2.4 …
526578 536762 547709 560813 557219

296438 300390 304966 306998 308620
93390 94843 95203 97110 97972
120379 124158 124739 126053 120226
1955 1514 2341 3766 3046
68795 73584 80700 87501 89017
54684 57863 60307 61222 61914
1.6 1.3 1.5 0.7 0.5

1.9 1.6 0.4 2.0 0.9
2.8 2.7 1.1 2.2 -5.0
13.9 7.0 9.7 8.4 1.7
8.1 5.8 4.2 1.5 1.1
114806 118241 120719 124310 119506

128598 134598 136430 139449 …
119605 123295 122930 123287 …
9620 11849 14418 17238 16735
-627 -546 -918 -1077 …
49 of 62
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
24.0 24.6 24.2 23.9 …
25.8 26.8 26.9 27.0 …
23.0 23.6 23.8 24.1 23.5
3900 3927 3971 4037 3975

3976 4019 4084 4172 4106
97.0 98.0 95.0 98.0 …

97.0 100.0 102.6 106.6 103.1
98.7 100.0 104.5 107.4 103.8
834 918 897 961 986

… … … … …
243395 245186 243139 238817 243207
235241 240293 233911 232153 229964
1137341 1157911 1161112 1192771 …

… … … … …
… … … … …
415866 416693 426271 434196 …
50 of 62
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
122.33 135.67 146.75 150.83 167.75
88.25 100.67 113.00 118.92 140.50
100.3 100.0 100.3 100.3 101.7

100.9 100.0 100.5 100.8 103.4
98.4 100.0 102.2 104.0 108.8
94.6 93.5 92.6 92.0 91.1
0.0 -0.3 0.3 0.0 1.4

0.9 -0.9 0.5 0.3 2.6
1.3 1.6 2.2 1.8 4.6
-1.1 -1.2 -0.9 -0.7 -1.0
470910 495143 495284 498684 493925

72813 74807 76137 77376 76587
398097 420336 419147 421308 417338
566803 546466 541917 546491 559226
1037714 1041608 1037200 1045175 1053152
39765 51909 57298 77548 51322
1157201 1156076 1121953 1098202 1116677
319724 329017 320208 314066 342268
505113 522066 520098 518695 522539
332364 304993 281647 265441 251870
51 of 62
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
-159252 -166377 -142051 -130575 -114847
0.8 0.4 -0.4 0.8 0.8

208.2 207.6 204.4 202.6 207.5
398097 420336 419147 421308 417338

566803 546466 541917 546491 559226
268676 291175 253167 242191 257885
1233576 1257977 1214231 1209990 1234450
0.009 0.008 0.060 0.207 0.206

0.122 0.188 0.366 0.523 0.506
0.040 0.034 0.156 0.381 0.408
53771 59168 74261 62754 …

53771 59168 74261 62754 …
50956 56213 59269 58873 …
47278 51566 53871 52239 …
3678 4647 5399 6634 …
2815 2955 14991 3881 …
… … … … …
52 of 62
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
79917 90124 79566 76271 …
79917 90124 79566 76271 …
69913 71111 71351 69004 …
10004 19013 8215 7268 …
… … … … …
-18957 -14898 -12081 -10131 …
-7189 -16059 6776 -3387 …
-26146 -30956 -5305 -13518 …
10.8 11.8 14.6 12.2 …

16.0 18.0 15.7 14.8 …
-5.2 -6.2 -1.0 -2.6 …
155424 157471 159040 164156 …

9158 8811 8728 9310 …
10780 10741 10825 10987 …
19108 18879 19138 19718 …
34683 35712 35879 37119 …
58819 60240 61452 63126 …
1875 1799 1774 1710 …
14474 14717 14710 15625 …
6528 6573 6535 6561 …
61170 65657 75246 83931 81018
53 of 62
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
49217 56949 67344 73136 78955
11953 8707 7902 10796 2063
12.1 7.3 14.6 11.5 -3.5

10.9 15.7 18.3 8.6 8.0
566137 595138 647186 714883 783149

128606 136002 147230 145575 139022
73917 80005 92789 109297 125039
44247 46678 50290 54269 59441
35414 36019 36437 38909 40295
20274 22563 22907 25610 29497
18972 18742 20415 22629 23989
17976 18529 19492 21821 26667
13386 12080 14726 18552 21088
15136 15177 15226 16304 16451
12565 12624 13211 15057 16441
454857 515223 578725 621887 761803

94335 108439 118444 127760 143626
63605 65447 69329 72264 78974
18484 28575 36986 35593 50839
18324 25175 31720 32550 46770
19404 24406 27776 31060 47327
22063 24398 27385 27300 29473
54 of 62
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
18652 20768 24216 26263 32524
17086 17870 18311 19431 20886
14099 15574 17037 18289 20803
14093 14686 15587 17353 23210
172086 165666 170671 210555 158475

128495 93767 81379 104645 38969
538806 568255 615920 677050 748209
-410312 -474487 -534540 -572405 -709241
51455 79298 99980 117443 132581
210885 251296 283143 328481 361457
-159430 -171997 -183162 -211038 -228876
-7864 -7399 -10689 -11533 -13075
6898 9743 6181 6762 9114
-14762 -17141 -16870 -18294 -22188
-4745 -4981 -4758 -4017 -5402
20800 -122102 -102436 -187384 -172516
-23136 -43005 -56772 -51000 -103593
24025 -16987 129662 72833 -258637
19911 -62109 -175326 -209217 189714
-28541 -16295 -31494 17340 50404
159600 22288 31983 36494 30962
-159600 -22288 -31983 -36494 -30962
11.7 12.5 14.1 15.5 15.2
55 of 62
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
-8.9 -10.4 -12.3 -13.1 -14.4
2.8 2.1 1.9 2.4 0.8
3.7 3.6 3.9 4.8 3.2
3.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6
835228 835506 880977 954145 1010686

1337 1231 1295 1361 1326
824264 828813 874936 948356 1003670
6789 2877 1934 1395 2658
2839 2584 2812 3033 3032
104.1 118.0 119.0 114.0 90.8

108.2 110.2 116.3 117.8 103.4
1557059 1521065 1512871 1767807 2344683

499981 503459 581799 715877 878336
232021 261753 311686 419140 503592
267960 241706 270113 296737 374744
1057078 1017606 931072 1051930 1466347
– – – – –
31.9 34.9 34.4 37.8 40.6

32.1 33.1 38.5 40.5 37.5
67.9 66.9 61.5 59.5 62.5
56 of 62
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
… … … … …
57 of 62
Japan GDP GrowthPrivate Con Public ConsGross DomesExport of GoImport of GoHeadline Inflation Rate (y-o-y, %)
2015 1.21944 -0.40849 1.64937 2.58381 3.02955 0.12747 0.78638
2014 0.33566 -0.85143 0.53505 3.26766 9.29037 8.26796 2.74885
2013 2.00049 2.36860 1.50016 3.17389 0.76121 3.27359 0.35947
2012 1.49503 2.02896 1.67785 3.72127 -0.08849 5.40960 -0.03343
2011 -0.11546 -0.38641 1.93242 2.62976 -0.24604 5.80389 -0.28333
2010 4.19229 2.40043 1.93931 3.08833 24.91055 11.17292 -0.71978
2009 -5.41712 -0.70588 2.04218 -16.10359 -23.42677 -15.65041 -1.34672
2008 -1.09348 -1.01578 -0.07892 -2.75905 1.55794 0.69675 1.37349
2007 1.65428 0.93574 1.15419 -0.50771 8.67212 2.18455 0.05795
2006 1.41998 1.03439 0.06713 -0.12746 10.31433 4.70709 0.24066
2005 1.66275 1.23530 0.79433 2.27961 7.16912 6.10002 -0.27311
2004 2.20473 1.31080 1.17629 1.82710 14.27391 8.12056 -0.00828
2003 1.52824 0.65878 1.84927 0.56431 9.51582 3.39651 -0.24765
2002 0.11810 1.18202 2.65330 -6.66622 7.76473 0.68709 -0.89987
2001 0.40625 1.89843 3.40956 -1.40858 -6.70784 1.02912 -0.80338
2000 2.77954 1.57613 3.88063 3.17427 12.74053 9.26672 -0.65302
1999 -0.25198 1.15994 3.47217 -4.99404 1.94725 3.60552 -0.32945
1998 -1.12876 -0.58715 1.22172 -4.67330 -2.44840 -6.70848 0.66327
1997 1.07651 0.69293 1.44899 -1.69877 11.05231 0.34797 1.76146
1996 3.09993 2.08605 2.28794 6.88508 4.80906 11.02859 0.13187
1995 2.74216 2.49614 3.85824 4.68971 4.22292 12.92096 -0.12348
1994 0.68794
1993 1.26742
1992 1.70736
1991 3.29806
1990 3.03471
1989 2.27674
1988 0.66417
1987 0.14052
1986 0.60315
1985 2.03866
1984 2.29195
1983 1.87394
1982 2.71745
1981 4.91361
ne Inflation Rate (y-o-y, %)
TỶ LỆ CÁN CÂN
AGRICUL LẠM
INDUTRY SERVICE THẤT THƯƠNG
TURE PHÁT
NGHIỆP MẠI
GDP AGRI IND SER GNI Unemp Inflation NX
Bil Yen % % % Bil Yen % % %
1990 440125 2.4 38.2 59.4 442897 2.1 3.03 2.3
1991 468235 2.2 37.8 60.0 471306 2.1 3.3 2.8
1992 480492 2.1 36.5 61.4 484482 2.2 1.71 3.3
1993 484234 1.9 35.0 63.0 488397 2.5 1.27 3.2
1994 486552 2.0 33.7 64.3 490364 2.9 0.69 3.0
1995 501706.9 1.8 33.0 65.2 505821.3 3.2 -0.12 2.5
1996 511934.8 1.8 32.9 65.2 517710.1 3.4 0.13 1.7
1997 523198.3 1.7 32.7 65.5 530217.8 3.4 1.76 2.3
1998 512438.6 1.8 32.0 66.2 519390.4 4.1 0.66 3.1
1999 504903.2 1.8 31.4 66.8 511280.1 4.7 -0.33 2.7
2000 509860 1.7 31.1 67.2 516339.7 4.7 -0.65 2.5
2001 505543.2 1.5 30.0 68.6 513932.5 5.0 -0.8 1.7
2002 499147 1.5 29.1 69.4 507188.7 5.4 -0.9 2.4
2003 498854.8 1.4 29.1 69.5 507116.9 5.3 -0.25 2.5
2004 503725.3 1.3 29.0 69.6 513111.8 4.7 -0.01 2.9
2005 503903 1.2 28.1 70.6 515652.4 4.4 -0.27 2.3
2006 506687 1.2 28.1 70.7 521151.6 4.1 0.24 2.2
2007 512975.2 1.1 28.2 70.6 530313.1 3.9 0.06 2.8
2008 501209.3 1.1 27.5 71.3 518002.3 4.0 1.37 1.2
2009 471138.7 1.2 26.0 72.8 484216.4 5.1 -1.35 1.1
2010 482676.9 1.2 27.5 71.3 495651.2 5.1 -0.72 2.0
2011 471578.7 1.2 26.1 72.7 486253.8 4.6 -0.28 -0.1
2012 475331.7 1.2 26.0 72.8 490386.1 4.3 -0.03 -0.9
2013 480128 1.2 26.4 72.4 496725 4.0 0.36 -1.8
2014 487575.8 1.2 26.9 72.0 506607.3 3.6 2.75 -2.1
2015 499227.5 522142.9 3.4 0.79 -0.1
NHẬP XUẤT
Chỉ số giá
KHẨU KHẨU
IM IM EX EX EXCHANGE CPI
% Bil Yen % Bil Yen JPY/USD %
-7.0 33855 9.2 41457 144.8 3.1
-6.1 31900 8.9 42360 134.7 3.4
-5.5 29527 8.8 43012 126.7 1.6
-4.9 26826 8.1 40202 111.2 1.3
-5.1 28104 8.1 40498 102.2 0.6
-5.6 31549 8.0 41531 94.1 -0.1
-6.8 37993 8.5 44731 108.8 0.1
-7.2 40956 9.5 50938 121.0 1.9
-6.5 36654 9.5 50645 130.9 0.6
-6.3 35268 9.1 47548 113.9 -0.3
7.1 40938 9.6 51654 107.8 -0.7
7.4 42416 9.1 48979 121.5 -0.8
7.4 42228 9.8 52109 125.4 -0.9
7.8 44362 10.3 54548 115.9 -0.3
8.6 49217 11.5 61170 108.2 0.0
10.2 56949 12.5 65657 110.2 -0.3
12.0 67344 14.2 75246 116.3 0.3
12.8 73136 15.6 83931 117.8 0.0
14.3 78955 15.5 81018 103.4 1.4
9.7 51499 10.9 54171 93.6 -1.4
11.4 60765 13.3 67400 87.8 -0.7
13.4 68111 13.4 65546 79.8 -0.3
13.9 70689 13.0 63748 79.8 0.0
16.0 81,243 14.2 69,774 97.6 0.3
17.4 85,909 15.2 73,093 105.9 2.8
15.2 78,406 15.1 75,614 121.0 0.8
Lai Suat
Vay
CPI / Ty (Word
Le Lam Bank)-
Phat Lending Ty gia Cung Tien NHẬP KHẨU
Inflation In EX M2 IM
% % % %
1990 3.067 6.864333 144.8 7.4 -6.9605241603
1991 3.401 7.53025 134.7 2.3 -6.0957276749
1992 1.644 6.15075 126.7 -0.2 -5.4746975134
1993 1.314 4.864444 111.2 2.2 -4.8906726913
1994 0.599 4.133417 102.2 2.8 -5.0593996364
1995 -0.099 3.505833 94.1 3.2 -5.5640642105
1996 0.099 2.657583 108.8 3.0 -6.7815629746
1997 1.877 2.448833 121.0 3.9 -7.1523824333
1998 0.582 2.320917 130.9 4.0 -6.4619886386
1999 -0.289 2.160833 113.9 2.7 -6.341087441
2000 -0.677 2.067167 107.8 1.9 7.1128090575
2001 -0.779 1.969417 121.5 3.3 7.3564009365
2002 -0.883 1.864917 125.4 1.8 | 7.3689125382
2003 -0.297 1.822083 115.9 0.0 7.7910755219
2004 0 1.766583 108.2 0.8 8.591970264
2005 -0.298 1.676917 110.2 0.4 10.168285885
2006 0.299 1.664833 116.3 -0.4 12.030476899
2007 0 1.88325 117.8 0.8 12.834175458
2008 1.39 1.9095 103.4 0.8 14.327036714
2009 -1.371 1.723333 93.6 2.0 9.70711918
2010 -0.695 1.598333 87.8 1.9 11.368969076
2011 -0.3 1.500917 79.8 2.6 13.422047235
2012 0 1.4075 79.8 2.2 13.933147484
2013 0.301 1.30375 97.6 3.4 15.989349795
2014 2.8 1.219167 105.9 2.8 17.363919749
2015 0.778 1.142833 121.0 2.5 15.202287534

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JAPAN

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

NATIONAL ACCOUNTSb billion yen; calendar year

Structure of Output percent of GDP at current producer prices

Structure of Demand percent of GDP at current market prices

Growth of Output annual change, percent

Growth of Demand annual change, percent

Investment Financing at Current Prices

Savings and Investment percent of GDP at current market prices

At Current Prices thousand yen

PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages

ENERGY annual values

Electricity billion kilowatt-hours

Retail prices yen/liter

PRICE INDEXES period averages

Price Indexes annual change, percent

MONEY AND BANKINGp billion yen; as of end of period

Deposit Money Banks

Interest Rates percent per annum; period averages

GOVERNMENT FINANCE billion yen; fiscal year ending 31 March

Government Finance percent of GDP at current market prices

Expenditure by Function, General Governmentz

Expenditure by Function percent of GDP at current market prices

EXTERNAL TRADE billion yen; calendar year

External Trade annual change, percent

Direction of Trade million US dollars; calendar year

BALANCE OF PAYMENTSad million US dollars; calendar year

Balance of Payments percent of GDP at current market prices

INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US dollars; calendar year

EXCHANGE RATES yen per US dollar

EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESSae million US dollars; as of end of year

Population Japan Statistics Bureau (JSB). http://www.e-stat.go.jp (accessed 15 June 2016).

Urban Population World Bank. World Development Indicators (http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-

Labor Force JSB. http://www.e-stat.go.jp (accessed 15 June 2016).

Crude Petroleum METI. http://www.meti.go.jp (accessed 16 June 2016).

Producer Bank of Japan (BOJ). http://www.boj.or.jp (accessed 16 June 2016).

Money and Banking BOJ. http://www.boj.or.jp (accessed 16 June 2016).

External Trade Japan Customs. http://www.customs.go.jp (accessed 17 June 2016).

International Reserves IMF. International Financial Statistics, CD-ROM, May 2016.

NATIONAL ACCOUNTSb billion yen; calendar year

Structure of Output percent of GDP at current producers' prices

Structure of Demand percent of GDP at current market prices

Growth of Output annual change, percent

Growth of Demand annual change, percent

Investment Financing at Current Prices

Savings and Investment percent of GDP at current market prices

At Current Prices thousand yen

PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages

ENERGY annual values

Electricity billion kilowatt-hours

Retail prices yen/liter

PRICE INDEXES period averages

Price Indexes annual change, percent

MONEY AND BANKINGl billion yen; as of end of period

Deposit Money Banks

Interest Rates percent per annum; period averages

GOVERNMENT FINANCE billion yen; fiscal year ending 31 March

Government Finance percent of GDP at current market prices

Expenditure by Function, General Governmentv