Hydraulic Pump: Navigation Search

Hydraulic pump
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Hydraulic pump Rexroth A4VSO250
Gearpump with external teeth
Gearpump with internal teeth

A gerotor (image does not show intake or exhaust)
Fixed displacement vane pump
Principle of screw pump

Axial piston pump, swashplate principle
Radial piston pump
Hydraulic pumps are used in hydraulic drive systems and can be hydrostatic or hydrodynamic.
Hydrostatic pumps are positive displacement pumps while hydrodynamic pumps can be fixed
displacement pumps, in which the displacement (flow through the pump per rotation of the
pump) cannot be adjusted, or variable displacement pumps, which have a more complicated
construction that allows the displacement to be adjusted.
Contents
[hide]
 1 Hydraulic pump types

o 1.1 Gear pumps
o 1.2 Rotary vane pumps
o 1.3 Screw pumps
o 1.4 Bent axis pumps
o 1.5 Axial piston pumps swashplate principle
o 1.6 Radial piston pumps
o 1.7 Peristaltic pumps
 2 Pumps for open and closed systems
 3 Multi pump assembly
 4 Hydraulic pumps, calculation formulas
o 4.1 Flow
o 4.2 Power
 5 External links
 6 See also
[edit] Hydraulic pump types
[edit] Gear pumps
Gear pumps (with external teeth) (fixed displacement) are simple and economical pumps. The
swept volume or displacement of gear pumps for hydraulics will be between about 1 cm3 (0.001
litre) and 200 cm3 (0.2 litre). These pumps create pressure through the meshing of the gear teeth,
which forces fluid around the gears to pressurize the outlet side. Some gear pumps can be quite
noisy, compared to other types, but modern gear pumps are highly reliable and much quieter than
older models.
[edit] Rotary vane pumps
Rotary vane pumps (fixed and simple adjustable displacement) have higher efficiencies than gear
pumps, but are also used for mid pressures up to 180 bars in general. Some types of vane pumps
can change the centre of the vane body, so that a simple adjustable pump is obtained. These
adjustable vane pumps are in general constant pressure or constant power pumps: the
displacement is increased until the required pressure or power is reached and subsequently the
displacement or swept volume is decreased until an equilibrium is reached.
[edit] Screw pumps
Screw pumps (fixed displacement) are a double Archimedes' screw, but closed. This means that
two screws are used in one body. The pumps are used for high flows and relatively low pressure
(max 100 bar). They were used on board ships where the constant pressure hydraulic system was
going through the whole ship, especially for the control of ball valves, but also for the steering
gear and help drive systems. The advantage of the screw pumps is the low sound level of these
pumps; the efficiency is not that high.
[edit] Bent axis pumps
Bent axis pumps, axial piston pumps and motors using the bent axis principle, fixed or adjustable
displacement, exists in two different basic designs. The Thoma-principle (engineer Hans Thoma,
Germany, patent 1935) with max 25 degrees angle and the Wahlmark-principle (Gunnar Axel
Wahlmark, patent 1960) with spherical-shaped pistons in one piece with the piston rod, piston
rings, and maximum 40 degrees between the driveshaft centerline and pistons (Volvo Hydraulics
Co.). These have the best efficiency of all pumps. Although in general the largest displacements
are approximately one litre per revolution, if necessary a two-liter swept volume pump can be
built. Often variable-displacement pumps are used, so that the oil flow can be adjusted carefully.
These pumps can in general work with a working pressure of up to 350–420 bars in continuous
work.
[edit] Axial piston pumps swashplate principle

Axial piston pumps using the swashplate principle (fixed and adjustable displacement) have a
quality that is almost the same as the bent axis model. They have the advantage of being more
compact in design. The pumps are easier and more economical to manufacture; the disadvantage
is that they are more sensitive to oil contamination.
[edit] Radial piston pumps
Radial piston pumps (fixed displacement) are used especially for high pressure and relatively
small flows. Pressures of up to 650 bar are normal. In fact variable displacement is not possible,
but sometimes the pump is designed in such a way that the plungers can be switched off one by
one, so that a sort of variable displacement pump is obtained.
[edit] Peristaltic pumps
Peristaltic pumps are not generally used for high pressures.
[edit] Pumps for open and closed systems

Most pumps are working in open systems. The pump draws oil from a reservoir at atmospheric
pressure. It is very important that there is no cavitation at the suction side of the pump. For this
reason the connection of the suction side of the pump is larger in diameter than the connection of
the pressure side. In case of the use of multi-pump assemblies, the suction connection of the
pump is often combined. It is preferred to have free flow to the pump (pressure at inlet of pump
at least 0.8 bars). The body of the pump is often in open connection with the suction side of the
pump.
In case of a closed system, both sides of the pump can be at high pressure. The reservoir is often
pressurized with 6-20 bars boost pressure. For closed loop systems, normally axial piston pumps
are used. Because both sides are pressurized, the body of the pump needs a separate leakage
connection.
[edit] Multi pump assembly

In a hydraulic installation, one pump can serve more cylinders and motors. The problem however
is that in that case a constant pressure system is required and the system always needs the full
power. It is more economic to give each cylinder and motor its own pump. In that case multi
pump assemblies can be used. Gearpumps can often be obtained as multi pumps. The different
chambers (sometimes of different size) are mounted in one body or built together. Also vane
pumps can often be obtained as a multi pump. Gerotor pumps are often supplied as multi pumps.
Screw pumps can be built together with a gear pump or a vane pump. Axial piston swashplate
pumps can be built together with a second pump of the same or smaller size, or can be built
together with one or more gear pumps or vane pumps (depending on the supplier). Axial plunger
pumps of the bent axis design can not be built together with other pumps.
[edit] Hydraulic pumps, calculation formulas

[edit] Flow
Q = n * Vstroke *η vol
Q = Flow in m3/s
n = revs per second
Vstroke = swept volume in m3
η volume is volumetric efficiency
[edit] Power
P = n * Vstroke * Δp / ηmech,hydr
P = Power in Watt (Nm/s)
n = revs per second.
Vstroke = swept volume in m3
Δp = pressure difference over pump in N/m2
ηmech,hydr = mechanical/hydraulic efficiency
[edit] External links

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Hydraulic pump

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hydraulic pump Rexroth A4VSO250

Gearpump with external teeth

Gearpump with internal teeth

Fixed displacement vane pump

Principle of screw pump

Radial piston pump

 1 Hydraulic pump types

[edit] Rotary vane pumps

[edit] Screw pumps

[edit] Bent axis pumps

[edit] Axial piston pumps swashplate principle

[edit] Radial piston pumps

[edit] Peristaltic pumps

Peristaltic pumps are not generally used for high pressures.

[edit] Pumps for open and closed systems

[edit] Multi pump assembly

[edit] Hydraulic pumps, calculation formulas

[edit] External links

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