ASSE Standard #1002-2008

ASSE Board Approved: APRIL 28, 2008

ANSI Approval: DATE

American Society of Sanitary Engineering

Performance Requirements for

Anti-Siphon Fill
Valves for Water
Closet Tanks

An American National Standard

 General Information

Neither this standard, nor any portion thereof, may be reproduced without the written consent
of the American Society of Sanitary Engineering.

No product may be said to be ASSE approved unless the manufacturer has applied to the
ASSE, has had his product tested according to the applicable ASSE Standards, and when the
product has passed the test, displays the ASSE Seal on the product.

Instructions for receiving the authorization to display the Seal are available from ASSE's
International Office. Organizations wishing to adopt or list any ASSE Standard should print the
ASSE Standard number on the cover page first and in equal or larger type to that of the adopting
or listing organization.

American Society of Sanitary Engineering

Westlake, Ohio
Copyright © 2008, 1999, 1986, 1979, 1976

Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks i

ASSE Standard #1002- 2008
ii Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks
ASSE Standard #1002 - 2008
 Foreword

This foreword shall not be considered a part of the standard, however, it is offered to provide
background information.

ASSE standards are developed in the interest of consumer safety.

This standard outlines the performance requirements for Anti-siphon Fill Valves (Ballcocks) for
Gravity Water Closet Flush Tanks, and describes those performance requirements in terms of
methods of testing applicable to all such units, equivalent materials or methods of testing
intended to demonstrate compliance with these requirements are also acceptable.

Recognition is made of the time volunteered by members of the working group and of the
support of the manufacturers who also participated in the meetings for this standard.

This standard does not imply ASSE’s endorsement of a product which conforms to these
requirements.

Compliance with this standard does not imply acceptance by any code body.

It is recommended that these devices be installed consistent with local codes by qualified and
trained professionals.

This standard was promulgated in accordance with procedures developed by the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI).

Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks iii

ASSE Standard #1002 - 2008
 2007-08 Product Standards Committee

Edward Lyczko John F. Higdon, P.E.

Product Standards Committee Chairman Apollo Valves/Conbraco Industries, Inc.
Cleveland Clinic Pageland, South Carolina
Cleveland, Ohio
Valentine Lehr, P.E.
Rand H. Ackroyd Lehr Associates
Rand Engineering New York, New York
Newburyport, Massachusetts
Chuck Lott
Gunnar O. Collins Precision Plumbing Products, Inc.
Collins Backflow Specialists, Inc. Portland, Oregon
Palatine, Illinois
Peter Marzec
Judson W. Collins United Association of
JULYCO Professionals Plumbers and Pipefitters
Mannford, Oklahoma Washington, D.C.

Brad Noll
Shannon M. Corcoran Wilkins, A Division of Zurn Industries, Inc.
ASSE Standards Coordinator Paso Robles, California
Westlake, Ohio
Thomas C. Pitcherello
A. Richard Emmerson State of New Jersey
General Interest Bordentown, New Jersey
Buffalo Grove, Illinois
Shabbir Rawalpindiwala
Ron George Kohler Company
Ron George Design & Consulting Kohler, Wisconsin
Newport, Michigan
Tsan-Liang Su, Ph.D.
Charles Gross Center for Environmental Systems
International Association of Plumbing Stevens Institute of Technology
and Mechanical Officials Hoboken, New Jersey
Walnut, California

Steven Hazzard
ASSE Staff Engineer
Westlake, Ohio

iv Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks

ASSE Standard #1002 - 2008
 1002 Working Group

Arturo Robles Sally Remedios

1002 Working Group Chairman Delta Faucet Co.
Fluidmaster, Inc. Indianapolis, Indiana
San Juan Capistrano, California
Steve Tokarz
Bruce Artunez Brass Craft
Coast Foundry Novi, Michigan
Pamona, California
David Viola
Steven Hazzard IAPMO
ASSE Staff Engineer Ontarioa, California
Westlake, Ohio
John Watson
Larry Himmelblau Sloan Valve Company
Chicago Faucet Co. / Geberit Franklin Park, Illinois
Des Plaines, Illinois
Chip Way
Sarah Morgan Lavelle Industries
Oatey Company Burlington, Wisconsin
Cleveland, Ohio
Manfred Wolpert
Norman M. Kummerlen Chicago Faucet Co. / Geberit
Moen, Inc. Des Plaines, Illinois
North Olmsted, Ohio

Shabbir Rawalpindiwala
Kohler Company
Kohler, Wisconsin

Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks v

ASSE Standard #1002 - 2008
 Table of Contents

Section I ........................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.0 General ................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Application ........................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Scope .................................................................................................................................................. 1
Figure 1 - Shank, Locknut and Coupling Nut Dimensions .................................................................... 2
1.3 Reference Standards ........................................................................................................................... 2

Section II ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.0 Test Specimens ................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Samples Submitted for Test ................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Samples Tested ................................................................................................................................... 3
2.3 Drawings.............................................................................................................................................. 3
2.4 Rejection ............................................................................................................................................. 3

Section III ........................................................................................................................................................ 4

3.0 Performance Requirements and Compliance Testing .......................................................................... 4
3.1 Elevated Pressure and Temperature Test ............................................................................................ 4
3.2 Cycle Test ............................................................................................................................................ 4
3.3 Critical Level Marking and Backflow Prevention Test ........................................................................... 5
Figure 2 - Anti-Siphon Fill Valve Test Assembly ................................................................................... 5
3.4 Total Flow Test - Retrofit Devices Only ................................................................................................ 6
3.5 Refill Capacity Test - Retrofit Devices Only .......................................................................................... 6

Section IV ........................................................................................................................................................ 8
4.0 Detailed Requirements ........................................................................................................................ 8
4.1 Materials .............................................................................................................................................. 8
4.2 Identification and Markings .................................................................................................................. 8
4.3 Installation Instructions ........................................................................................................................ 8

Section V ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.0 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................ 9

Appendix A ....................................................................................................................................................... 9

vi Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks

ASSE Standard #1002 - 2008
 Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for
Water Closet Tanks

Section I
1.0 General

1.1 Application
This standard provides dimensional and minimum performance requirements for anti-siphon fill
valves for water closet tanks (herein referred to as the “device”), including protection of the potable
water supply against back siphonage of water from the water closet tank.

1.2 Scope

1.2.1 Description
These devices are cold water supply valves that are installed within water closet tanks to provide
tank refill and a trap reseal after flushing a water closet. They are equipped with backflow
prevention devices or an air gap.

1.2.2 Working Pressure

The device shall be designed to operate at a minimum pressure range of 20.0 psi to 125.0 psi static
(137.9 kPa to 861.9 kPa).

1.2.3 Capacity - Total Fill and Refill

1.2.3.1 Original Equipment Manufacturer

When the device is furnished as original equipment with a manufacturer’s water closet, the total
flow capacity shall be sufficient to assure proper operation of the fixture in accordance with the
performance standard, ASME A112.19.2. The device shall deliver a fill rate through the refill orifice
as required by the water closet manufacturer.

1.2.3.2 Retrofit Use

When the device is furnished to retrofit water closets, the device shall deliver a minimum flow rate
at 15.0 psig (103.4 kPa) flowing pressure of 1.5 GPM (5.7 L/min), and a minimum refill flow rate,
through the refill orifice, of 20% of the total fill rate at 15.0 psi (103.4 kPa) flowing pressure.

1.2.4 Leakage and Spray Containment

The device shall not spray or otherwise leak water to the outside of the water closet tank during
operation.

1.2.5 Backflow Prevention

The device shall be equipped with a means to prevent backflow due to back siphonage. Air inlet
ports shall be protected in such a manner as to reduce the risk of the intake of foreign material
into the device.

Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks 1

ASSE Standard #1002 - 2008
 1.2.6 Refill Tube
A means shall be provided to secure the refill tube in its installed position.

1.2.7 Dimensional Criteria for Fill Valve Components

Dimensions for shanks, coupling nuts and locknuts shall be as shown in Figure 1. Thread
dimensions shall be 15/16-14 UNS-1 per ASME/ANSI B1.1. See Appendix A.

Figure 1
Shank, Locknut and Coupling Nut Dimensions

SHANK COUPLING NUT

< B Note 2 →
>

>
A
F

<
A >
>

LOCKNUT (OR MOUNTING NUT)

D
C < B
>
Note 2→
>

H < E >

< >
G A
<
<
<

→ Note 4
Note 3 →
→

Note 1

A 15/16-14UNS-1 Thread
B 1.40 inches (35.56 mm) minimum diameter
C 1.37 inches (34.8 mm) minimum
D 1.62 inches (41.15 mm) minimum
E 0.625 - 0.700 inches (15.88 mm - 17.78 mm) inside diameter
F 0.50 inches (12.70 mm) minimum effective thread depth
G 0.31 inches (7.87 mm) minimum
H 0.5 inches (12.70 mm) minimum depth
NOTE 1: 0.1 inches (2.5 mm) maximum chamfer permissible as shown in figures.
NOTE 2: Thread lead-in chamfers shall be permitted
NOTE 3: The shank bottom surface shall be smooth and suitable for sealing with flat washers.
NOTE 4: 0.1 inch (2.5 mm) maximum lead in for thread shall be allowed.

1.3 Reference Standards

Referenced industry standards shall mean the listed edition of the standard.
• ASME A112.18.3-2002 – Performance Requirements for Backflow Protection Devices and
Systems in Plumbing Fixture Fittings
• ASME A112.19.2-2003 – Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures and Hydraulic Requirements for
Water Closets and Urinals
• ASME B1.1- 2003 – Unified Inch Screw Threads

2 Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks

ASSE Standard #1002 - 2008
Section II
2.0 Test Specimens

2.1 Samples Submitted for the Test

Three (3) devices of each model shall be submitted by the manufacturer.

2.2 Samples Tested

The testing agency shall select one (1) of each model for the full test. Tests shall be performed
in the order listed on one (1) device of each model submitted.

2.3 Documentation
Assembly drawings, installation instructions, and other information which are needed to enable
a testing agency to determine compliance with this standard, shall accompany devices when
submitted for examination and performance tests.

2.4 Rejection
Failure of one (1) device shall be cause for rejection of that model.

Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks 3

ASSE Standard #1002 - 2008
Section III
3.0 Performance Requirements and Compliance Testing

3.1 Elevated Pressure and Temperature Test

3.1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to evaluate the device’s performance at elevated temperatures and
pressures; and to ensure that the manufacturer has provided a means for securing the refill tube
to the overflow tube and that it remains in place during the test.

3.1.2 Procedure
The device shall be installed in a water closet tank or container per the manufacturer’s instructions.
The water shall be permitted to be displaced in the water closet tank or container. The water supply
temperature for this test shall be maintained at 120.0 °F ± 5.0 °F (48.9 °C ± 2.8 °C), with a static
pressure of 125.0 psi (861.9 kPa).

Flush the water closet tank every five (5) minutes for a total of fifty (50) cycles using a flush volume
tolerance of 1.4 to 2.0 gallons (5.3 to 7.6 liters).

Following this test, and with the water closet tank filled with water maintained at 120.0 °F ± 5.0 °F
(48.9 °C ± 2.8 °C), the pressure in the device shall be raised to 150.0 psig (1034.3 kPa) and
maintained for five (5) minutes. The device shall be checked for leakage, distortion, or other
indications of damage which would affect the device’s performance.

3.1.3 Criteria
Any indications of leakage, distortion, or other damage which affects the device’s performance
shall result in a rejection of the device. Failure of the refill tube to remain in place throughout this
test shall result in a rejection of the device.

3.2 Cycle Test

3.2.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to demonstrate the device’s long-term operational performance.

3.2.2 Procedure
Install the device per the manufacturer’s instructions in a water closet tank or container. The device
shall be operated a total of seventy-five thousand (75,000) cycles at a minimum of 90.0 psi (620.6
kPa) static pressure and 70.0 psig (482.7 kPa) minimum flowing pressure using ambient
temperature [65.0 °F - 80.0 °F (18.3 °C to 26.7 °C)] water. For each cycle, the tank shall be filled
and the cycle shall have a maximum cycle time of one (1) minute. The water shall be permitted
to be displaced in the tank to accelerate this test. Following this test, maintain a static pressure
of 125.0 psig ( 861.9 kPa) for five (5) minutes, and observe for leakage, distortion, or other
indications of damage which would affect the device’s performance.

3.2.3 Criteria
Any indications of leakage, distortion, or other damage which affects the device’s performance
shall result in a rejection of the device. Failure of the refill tube to remain in place throughout this
test shall result in a rejection of the device.

4 Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks

ASSE Standard #1002 - 2008
 3.3 Critical Level Marking and Backflow Prevention Test

3.3.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to verify the Critical Level (CL) marking, and ensure that the backflow
prevention feature functions as intended.

3.3.2 Procedure
Install the device in accordance with Figure 2. Foul all of the check valves, seats and checking
members with a 0.032 inches (0.8 mm) diameter wire. The fouling wire shall be placed at a single
point on each seating area.

Figure 2
Anti-Siphon Fill Valve Test Assembly

Antisiphon Fill Valve

Bowl Refill Tube

AA
BB

Test Tank →
Colored
Water
← Tank Fill Tube

Lock Nut →
Sight Glass →

← Pressure Gauge
← Quick Opening Valve
← Slow Opening Valve

→ To Vacuum Tank

Water
Collecting

Drain

A sight glass shall be assembled to the shank assembly as shown in Figure 2. Start with the tank
water level 0.125 inches (3.2 mm) below the vacuum breaker air port(s) or water discharge
openings (air gaps type). As the water level is lowered, the device shall be subjected to an
instantaneous vacuum of 25 inches of mercury (84.7 kPa) until there is no water in the sight glass.
Next, apply an intermittent vacuum of 5 inches of mercury (16.9 kPa) for five (5) seconds on and
five (5) seconds off until there is no water in the sight glass. Repeat the intermittent vacuum test

Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks 5

ASSE Standard #1002 - 2008
 at 10, 15, 20, and 25 inches of mercury (33.9 kPa, 50.8 kPa, 67.8 kPa, and 84.7 kPa) until there
is no water in the sight glass. This determines line “BB”, the elevation at which back-siphonage
ceases as the test tank water level is lowered.

To determine line “AA”, the elevation at which back-siphonage begins as the level is raised, set
the water level one (1) inch (25.4 mm) below line “BB”. The device shall be subjected to an
instantaneous vacuum of 25 inches of mercury (84.7 kPa). Increase the water level by increments
of 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) until water appears in the sight glass. At each 0.125 inch (3.2 mm)
increment, apply an intermittent vacuum of 5 inches of mercury (16.9 kPa) for five (5) seconds on
and five (5) seconds off until water appears in the sight glass. Repeat the intermittent vacuum test
at 10, 15, 20, and 25 inches of mercury (33.9 kPa, 50.8 kPa, 67.8 kPa, and 84.7 kPa) until water
appears in the sight glass.

While lines “AA” and “BB” may coincide, the lower of the two (2) lines shall be determined to be
the Critical Level (CL) of the device.

3.3.3 Criteria
a) If the Critical Level (CL) mark on the device is at or below the Critical Level (CL) determined
in Section 3.3.2, proceed to Section 3.5.
b) If water fails to appear in the sight glass, the device shall be tested to Section 3.3.4.
c) If the Critical Level (CL) mark on the device is above the Critical Level (CL) determined in
Section 3.3.2, this shall result in a rejection of the device.

3.3.4 Procedure to Determine if There are Hidden Checks

Install the device in accordance with Figure 2. Hold all of the check valves, seats and checking
members fully open. Seal off the air inlet ports. A sight glass shall be assembled to the shank
assembly as shown in Figure 2. Submerge the device completely under the water in the water
closet tank, and subject the device to a vacuum of 25 inches of mercury (84.7 kPa). Check for water
in the sight glass.

Failure of water to appear in the sight glass shall indicate the presence of a hidden check valve.
Repeat the procedure in Section 3.3.4 with the check valve(s) fully open until water appears in the
sight glass. Retest to Section 3.3.2.

3.4 Total Flow Test - Retrofit Devices Only

3.4.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to verify that the retrofit device meets minimum flow rates.

3.4.2 Procedure
The device shall be set to run fully open with a flowing pressure of 15.0 psi (103.4 kPa) measured
at the inlet to the device. Measure the flow rate for a minimum of one (1) minute.

3.4.3 Criteria
Failure of the device to flow a minimum of 1.5 GPM (5.7 L/min) at 15.0 psi (103.4 kPa) flowing
pressure shall result in a rejection of the device.

3.5 Refill Capacity Test - Retrofit Devices Only

3.5.1 Purpose
The purpose of the test is to verify that the device meets minimum refill requirements.

6 Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks

ASSE Standard #1002 - 2008
 3.5.2 Procedure
The device shall be set to run fully open with a flowing pressure of 15.0 psi (103.4 kPa) measured
at the inlet of the device. The refill flow rate shall be measured for a minimum of one (1) minute.

3.5.3 Criteria
Failure of the device to flow a minimum of 20% of the flow rate measured in Section 3.4.2 through
the refill tube at 15.0 psi (103.4 kPa) flowing pressure shall result in a rejection of the device.

Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks 7

ASSE Standard #1002 - 2008
Section IV
4.0 Detailed Requirements

4.1 Materials
Solder and fluxes containing lead in excess of 0.2% shall not be used in contact with potable water.
Metal alloys in contact with potable water shall not exceed 8% lead.

4.2 Identification and Markings

Each device shall be permanently marked with the following information in such a manner that the
device can be readily identified after installation.
a) Manufacturer’s name or trademark;
b) Model name or number, or part number;
c) Critical Level marking for device with air inlet ports.

4.3 Installation Instructions

When devices are furnished to retrofit water closets, installation instructions shall be provided with
the final packaged product.

8 Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks

ASSE Standard #1002 - 2008
 Section V
5.0 Definitions
Definitions not found in this Section are located in the Plumbing Dictionary, Sixth Edition, published
by the ASSE.

Anti-Siphon Fill Valve

Anti-siphon fill valves are cold water supply valves that are installed within water closet tanks to
provide tank refill and a trap reseal after flushing a water closet. They are equipped with backflow
prevention devices or an air gap.

Critical Level
The lowest water level in a fitting at which backsiphonage will not occur1.

Appendix A
This Appendix shall not be considered a part of the standard. It is provided for informational
purposes only.

Thread Dimensions (For Reference Only)

The information in this appendix is the result of a series of calculations which are specified in
reference standard ASME/ANSI B1.1.

Fill Valve Shanks

Nominal External Thread Major Diameter of Thread Pitch Diameter of Thread

Shank Size Designation Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum
15/16 inch 15/16-14UNS- 0.9359 inch 0.9204 inch 0.8895 inch 0.8816 inch
(23.81 mm) 1A (23.77 mm) (23.37 mm) (22.50 mm) (22.39 mm)

Fill Valve Locknuts and Coupling Nuts

Nominal Internal Thread Minor Diameter of Thread Pitch Diameter of Thread

Size Designation Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum
15/16 inch 15/16-14UNS- 0.8681 inch 0.8602 inch 0.9014inch 0.8911 inch
(23.81 mm) 1B (22.05 mm) (21.85 mm) (22.90 mm) (22.63 mm)

1. Excerpt from the ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1).

Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks 9

ASSE Standard #1002 - 2008
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