Esp 32

ESP32 Series
Datasheet
Including:
ESP32-D0WD-V3
ESP32-D0WDQ6-V3
ESP32-D0WD
ESP32-D0WDQ6
ESP32-D2WD
ESP32-S0WD
ESP32-U4WDH
Version 3.6
Espressif Systems
Copyright © 2021
www.espressif.com
About This Guide
This document provides the specifications of ESP32 family of chips.
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Please always refer to the latest version on https://www.espressif.com/en/support/download/documents.
Revision History
For any changes to this document over time, please refer to the last page.
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Contents
Contents
1 Overview 8
1.1 Featured Solutions 8
1.1.1 Ultra-Low-Power Solution 8
1.1.2 Complete Integration Solution 8
1.2 Wi-Fi Key Features 8
1.3 BT Key Features 9
1.4 MCU and Advanced Features 9
1.4.1 CPU and Memory 9
1.4.2 Clocks and Timers 10
1.4.3 Advanced Peripheral Interfaces 10
1.4.4 Security 10
1.5 Applications (A Non-exhaustive List) 11
1.6 Block Diagram 12
2 Pin Definitions 13
2.1 Pin Layout 13
2.2 Pin Description 15
2.3 Power Scheme 18
2.4 Strapping Pins 19
3 Functional Description 22
3.1 CPU and Memory 22
3.1.1 CPU 22
3.1.2 Internal Memory 22
3.1.3 External Flash and SRAM 23
3.1.4 Memory Map 23
3.2 Timers and Watchdogs 25
3.2.1 64-bit Timers 25
3.2.2 Watchdog Timers 25
3.3 System Clocks 26
3.3.1 CPU Clock 26
3.3.2 RTC Clock 26
3.3.3 Audio PLL Clock 26
3.4 Radio 26
3.4.1 2.4 GHz Receiver 27
3.4.2 2.4 GHz Transmitter 27
3.4.3 Clock Generator 27
3.5 Wi-Fi 27
3.5.1 Wi-Fi Radio and Baseband 27
3.5.2 Wi-Fi MAC 28
3.6 Bluetooth 28
3.6.1 Bluetooth Radio and Baseband 28
Espressif Systems 3 ESP32 Series Datasheet V3.6

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Contents
3.6.2 Bluetooth Interface 29

3.6.3 Bluetooth Stack 29
3.6.4 Bluetooth Link Controller 29
3.7 RTC and Low-Power Management 30
4 Peripherals and Sensors 32

4.1 Descriptions of Peripherals and Sensors 32
4.1.1 General Purpose Input / Output Interface (GPIO) 32
4.1.2 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) 32
4.1.3 Hall Sensor 33
4.1.4 Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) 33
4.1.5 Touch Sensor 33
4.1.6 Ultra-Low-Power Co-processor 33
4.1.7 Ethernet MAC Interface 34
4.1.8 SD/SDIO/MMC Host Controller 34
4.1.9 SDIO/SPI Slave Controller 34
4.1.10 Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) 35
4.1.11 I²C Interface 35
4.1.12 I²S Interface 35
4.1.13 Infrared Remote Controller 35
4.1.14 Pulse Counter 35
4.1.15 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) 36
4.1.16 LED PWM 36
4.1.17 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) 36
4.1.18 TWAI Controller 36
4.1.19 Accelerator 37
4.2 Peripheral Pin Configurations 37
5 Electrical Characteristics 42
5.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings 42
5.2 Recommended Operating Conditions 42
5.3 DC Characteristics (3.3 V, 25 °C) 43
5.4 Reliability Qualifications 43
5.5 RF Power-Consumption Specifications 44
5.6 Wi-Fi Radio 44
5.7 Bluetooth Radio 45
5.7.1 Receiver – Basic Data Rate 45
5.7.2 Transmitter – Basic Data Rate 45
5.7.3 Receiver – Enhanced Data Rate 46
5.7.4 Transmitter – Enhanced Data Rate 46
5.8 Bluetooth LE Radio 47
5.8.1 Receiver 47
5.8.2 Transmitter 48
6 Package Information 49

Contents
7 Part Number and Ordering Information 50
8 Learning Resources 51
8.1 Must-Read Documents 51
8.2 Must-Have Resources 51
Appendix A – ESP32 Pin Lists 52

A.1. Notes on ESP32 Pin Lists 52
A.2. GPIO_Matrix 54
A.3. Ethernet_MAC 59
A.4. IO_MUX 59
Revision History 61

List of Tables
List of Tables
1 Pin Description 15
2 Description of ESP32 Power-up and Reset Timing Parameters 19
3 Strapping Pins 20
4 Parameter Descriptions of Setup and Hold Times for the Strapping Pin 21
5 Memory and Peripheral Mapping 24
6 Power Consumption by Power Modes 30
7 ADC Characteristics 32
8 ADC Calibration Results 33
9 Capacitive-Sensing GPIOs Available on ESP32 33
10 Peripheral Pin Configurations 37
11 Absolute Maximum Ratings 42
12 Recommended Operating Conditions 42
13 DC Characteristics (3.3 V, 25 °C) 43
14 Reliability Qualifications 43
15 RF Power-Consumption Specifications 44
16 Wi-Fi Radio Characteristics 44
17 Receiver Characteristics – Basic Data Rate 45
18 Transmitter Characteristics – Basic Data Rate 45
19 Receiver Characteristics – Enhanced Data Rate 46
20 Transmitter Characteristics – Enhanced Data Rate 47
21 Receiver Characteristics – BLE 47
22 Transmitter Characteristics – BLE 48
23 ESP32 Ordering Information 50
24 Notes on ESP32 Pin Lists 52
25 GPIO_Matrix 54
26 Ethernet_MAC 59

List of Figures
List of Figures
1 Functional Block Diagram 12
2 ESP32 Pin Layout (QFN 6*6, Top View) 13
3 ESP32 Pin Layout (QFN 5*5, Top View) 14
4 ESP32 Power Scheme 18
5 ESP32 Power-up and Reset Timing 19
6 Setup and Hold Times for the Strapping Pin 21
7 Address Mapping Structure 23
8 QFN48 (6x6 mm) Package 49
9 QFN48 (5x5 mm) Package 49
10 ESP32 Part Number 50

1 Overview
1 Overview
ESP32 is a single 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi-and-Bluetooth combo chip designed with the TSMC ultra-low-power 40 nm
technology. It is designed to achieve the best power and RF performance, showing robustness, versatility and
reliability in a wide variety of applications and power scenarios.
The ESP32 series of chips includes ESP32-D0WD-V3, ESP32-D0WDQ6-V3, ESP32-D0WD, ESP32-D0WDQ6,

ESP32-D2WD, ESP32-S0WD, and ESP32-U4WDH, among which, ESP32-D0WD-V3, ESP32-D0WDQ6-V3,
and ESP32-U4WDH are based on ECO V3 wafer.
For details on part numbers and ordering information, please refer to Section 7.
For details on ECO V3 instructions, please refer to ESP32 ECO V3 User Guide.
1.1 Featured Solutions

1.1.1 UltraLowPower Solution
ESP32 is designed for mobile, wearable electronics, and Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. It features all the
state-of-the-art characteristics of low-power chips, including fine-grained clock gating, multiple power modes,
and dynamic power scaling. For instance, in a low-power IoT sensor hub application scenario, ESP32 is woken
up periodically and only when a specified condition is detected. Low-duty cycle is used to minimize the amount
of energy that the chip expends. The output of the power amplifier is also adjustable, thus contributing to an
optimal trade-off between communication range, data rate and power consumption.
Note:
For more information, refer to Section 3.7 RTC and Low-Power Management.
1.1.2 Complete Integration Solution

ESP32 is a highly-integrated solution for Wi-Fi-and-Bluetooth IoT applications, with around 20 external
components. ESP32 integrates an antenna switch, RF balun, power amplifier, low-noise receive amplifier, filters,
and power management modules. As such, the entire solution occupies minimal Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
area.
ESP32 uses CMOS for single-chip fully-integrated radio and baseband, while also integrating advanced
calibration circuitries that allow the solution to remove external circuit imperfections or adjust to changes in
external conditions. As such, the mass production of ESP32 solutions does not require expensive and
specialized Wi-Fi testing equipment.
1.2 WiFi Key Features

• 802.11 b/g/n
• 802.11 n (2.4 GHz), up to 150 Mbps
• WMM
• TX/RX A-MPDU, RX A-MSDU
• Immediate Block ACK

1 Overview
• Defragmentation
• Automatic Beacon monitoring (hardware TSF)
• 4 × virtual Wi-Fi interfaces
• Simultaneous support for Infrastructure Station, SoftAP, and Promiscuous modes

Note that when ESP32 is in Station mode, performing a scan, the SoftAP channel will be changed.
• Antenna diversity
Note:
For more information, please refer to Section 3.5 Wi-Fi.
1.3 BT Key Features

• Compliant with Bluetooth v4.2 BR/EDR and BLE specifications
• Class-1, class-2 and class-3 transmitter without external power amplifier
• Enhanced Power Control
• +12 dBm transmitting power
• NZIF receiver with –94 dBm BLE sensitivity
• Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH)
• Standard HCI based on SDIO/SPI/UART
• High-speed UART HCI, up to 4 Mbps
• Bluetooth 4.2 BR/EDR BLE dual mode controller
• Synchronous Connection-Oriented/Extended (SCO/eSCO)
• CVSD and SBC for audio codec
• Bluetooth Piconet and Scatternet
• Multi-connections in Classic BT and BLE
• Simultaneous advertising and scanning
1.4 MCU and Advanced Features

1.4.1 CPU and Memory
• Xtensa® single-/dual-core 32-bit LX6 microprocessor(s), up to 600 MIPS (200 MIPS for
ESP32-S0WD/ESP32-U4WDH, 400 MIPS for ESP32-D2WD)
• 448 KB ROM
• 520 KB SRAM
• 16 KB SRAM in RTC
• QSPI supports multiple flash/SRAM chips

1 Overview
1.4.2 Clocks and Timers

• Internal 8 MHz oscillator with calibration
• Internal RC oscillator with calibration
• External 2 MHz ~ 60 MHz crystal oscillator (40 MHz only for Wi-Fi/BT functionality)
• External 32 kHz crystal oscillator for RTC with calibration
• Two timer groups, including 2 × 64-bit timers and 1 × main watchdog in each group
• One RTC timer
• RTC watchdog
1.4.3 Advanced Peripheral Interfaces

• 34 × programmable GPIOs
• 12-bit SAR ADC up to 18 channels
• 2 × 8-bit DAC
• 10 × touch sensors
• 4 × SPI
• 2 × I²S
• 2 × I²C
• 3 × UART
• 1 host (SD/eMMC/SDIO)
• 1 slave (SDIO/SPI)
• Ethernet MAC interface with dedicated DMA and IEEE 1588 support
• Two-Wire Automotive Interface (TWAI® , compatible with ISO11898-1)
• IR (TX/RX)
• Motor PWM
• LED PWM up to 16 channels
• Hall sensor
1.4.4 Security
• Secure boot
• Flash encryption
• 1024-bit OTP, up to 768-bit for customers
• Cryptographic hardware acceleration:
– AES
– Hash (SHA-2)

1 Overview
– RSA
– ECC
– Random Number Generator (RNG)
1.5 Applications (A Nonexhaustive List)

• Generic Low-power IoT Sensor Hub – Agriculture robotics
• Generic Low-power IoT Data Loggers • Audio Applications
• Cameras for Video Streaming – Internet music players

• Over-the-top (OTT) Devices – Live streaming devices
• Speech Recognition – Internet radio players
• Image Recognition
– Audio headsets
• Mesh Network
• Health Care Applications
• Home Automation
– Health monitoring
– Light control
– Baby monitors
– Smart plugs
• Wi-Fi-enabled Toys
– Smart door locks
– Remote control toys
• Smart Building
– Proximity sensing toys
– Smart lighting
– Educational toys
– Energy monitoring
• Wearable Electronics
• Industrial Automation
– Industrial wireless control – Smart watches
– Industrial robotics – Smart bracelets
• Smart Agriculture • Retail & Catering Applications
– Smart greenhouses – POS machines
– Smart irrigation – Service robots

1 Overview
1.6 Block Diagram
Embedded Flash
Bluetooth RF
Bluetooth
link receive
baseband
SPI controller
Switch
Clock
Balun
I2C generator
I2S Wi-Fi RF
Wi-Fi MAC
baseband transmit
SDIO
UART
Core and memory Cryptographic hardware
TWAI® acceleration
2 or 1 x Xtensa® 32-
ETH
bit LX6 Microprocessors
SHA RSA
RMT
PWM ROM SRAM AES RNG
Touch sensor
RTC
DAC
ADC ULP Recovery

PMU
coprocessor memory
Timers
Figure 1: Functional Block Diagram
Note:
Products in the ESP32 series differ from each other in terms of their support for embedded flash and the number of CPUs
they have. For details, please refer to Section 7 Part Number and Ordering Information.

2 Pin Definitions
2 Pin Definitions
2.1 Pin Layout
VDD3P3_CPU
GPIO21
GPIO22
GPIO19
XTAL_N
XTAL_P
U0RXD
U0TXD
VDDA
VDDA
CAP1
CAP2
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
VDDA 1 36 GPIO23
LNA_IN 2 35 GPIO18
VDD3P3 3 34 GPIO5
VDD3P3 4 33 SD_DATA_1
SENSOR_VP 5 32 SD_DATA_0
SENSOR_CAPP 6 ESP32 31 SD_CLK
SENSOR_CAPN 7 49 GND 30 SD_CMD
SENSOR_VN 8 29 SD_DATA_3
CHIP_PU 9 28 SD_DATA_2
VDET_1 10 27 GPIO17
VDET_2 11 26 VDD_SDIO
32K_XP 12 25 GPIO16
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
32K_XN
GPIO25
GPIO26
GPIO27
MTMS
MTDI
VDD3P3_RTC
MTCK
MTDO
GPIO2
GPIO0
GPIO4
Figure 2: ESP32 Pin Layout (QFN 6*6, Top View)

2 Pin Definitions
GPIO21
GPIO22
XTAL_N
XTAL_P
U0RXD
U0TXD
VDDA
VDDA
CAP1
CAP2
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
VDDA 1 38 GPIO19
LNA_IN 2 37 VDD3P3_CPU
VDD3P3 3 36 GPIO23
VDD3P3 4 35 GPIO18
SENSOR_VP 5 34 GPIO5
SENSOR_CAPP 6 33 SD_DATA_1
SENSOR_CAPN 7 ESP32 32 SD_DATA_0
SENSOR_VN 8 49 GND 31 SD_CLK
CHIP_PU 9 30 SD_CMD
VDET_1 10 29 SD_DATA_3
VDET_2 11 28 SD_DATA_2
32K_XP 12 27 GPIO17
32K_XN 13 26 VDD_SDIO
GPIO25 14 25 GPIO16
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
GPIO26
GPIO27
MTMS
MTDI
VDD3P3_RTC
MTCK
MTDO
GPIO2
GPIO0
GPIO4
Figure 3: ESP32 Pin Layout (QFN 5*5, Top View)
Note:
For details on ESP32’s part numbers and the corresponding packaging, please refer to Section 7 Part Number and Ordering
Information.

Espressif Systems
2 Pin Definitions
2.2 Pin Description
Table 1: Pin Description
Name No. Type Function

Analog
VDDA 1 P Analog power supply (2.3 V ∼ 3.6 V)
LNA_IN 2 I/O RF input and output
VDD3P3 3 P Analog power supply (2.3 V ∼ 3.6 V)
VDD3P3 4 P Analog power supply (2.3 V ∼ 3.6 V)
VDD3P3_RTC
SENSOR_VP 5 I GPIO36, ADC1_CH0, RTC_GPIO0
SENSOR_CAPP 6 I GPIO37, ADC1_CH1, RTC_GPIO1

SENSOR_CAPN 7 I GPIO38, ADC1_CH2, RTC_GPIO2
SENSOR_VN 8 I GPIO39, ADC1_CH3, RTC_GPIO3
15
High: On; enables the chip

CHIP_PU 9 I Low: Off; the chip powers off
Note: Do not leave the CHIP_PU pin floating.
VDET_1 10 I GPIO34, ADC1_CH6, RTC_GPIO4
VDET_2 11 I GPIO35, ADC1_CH7, RTC_GPIO5
32K_XP 12 I/O GPIO32, ADC1_CH4, RTC_GPIO9, TOUCH9, 32K_XP (32.768 kHz crystal oscillator input)
32K_XN 13 I/O GPIO33, ADC1_CH5, RTC_GPIO8, TOUCH8, 32K_XN (32.768 kHz crystal oscillator output)
GPIO25 14 I/O GPIO25, ADC2_CH8, RTC_GPIO6, DAC_1, EMAC_RXD0
GPIO26 15 I/O GPIO26, ADC2_CH9, RTC_GPIO7, DAC_2, EMAC_RXD1
ESP32 Series Datasheet V3.6
GPIO27 16 I/O GPIO27, ADC2_CH7, RTC_GPIO17, TOUCH7, EMAC_RX_DV

MTMS 17 I/O GPIO14, ADC2_CH6, RTC_GPIO16, TOUCH6, EMAC_TXD2, HSPICLK, HS2_CLK, SD_CLK, MTMS
MTDI 18 I/O GPIO12, ADC2_CH5, RTC_GPIO15, TOUCH5, EMAC_TXD3, HSPIQ, HS2_DATA2, SD_DATA2, MTDI
VDD3P3_RTC 19 P Input power supply for RTC IO (2.3 V ∼ 3.6 V)
MTCK 20 I/O GPIO13, ADC2_CH4, RTC_GPIO14, TOUCH4, EMAC_RX_ER, HSPID, HS2_DATA3, SD_DATA3, MTCK
MTDO 21 I/O GPIO15, ADC2_CH3, RTC_GPIO13, TOUCH3, EMAC_RXD3, HSPICS0, HS2_CMD, SD_CMD, MTDO
Espressif Systems
2 Pin Definitions
GPIO2 22 I/O GPIO2, ADC2_CH2, RTC_GPIO12, TOUCH2, HSPIWP, HS2_DATA0, SD_DATA0
GPIO0 23 I/O GPIO0, ADC2_CH1, RTC_GPIO11, TOUCH1, EMAC_TX_CLK, CLK_OUT1,
GPIO4 24 I/O GPIO4, ADC2_CH0, RTC_GPIO10, TOUCH0, EMAC_TX_ER, HSPIHD, HS2_DATA1, SD_DATA1
VDD_SDIO
GPIO16 25 I/O GPIO16, HS1_DATA4, U2RXD, EMAC_CLK_OUT
VDD_SDIO 26 P Output power supply: 1.8 V or the same voltage as VDD3P3_RTC
GPIO17 27 I/O GPIO17, HS1_DATA5, U2TXD, EMAC_CLK_OUT_180
SD_DATA_2 28 I/O GPIO9, HS1_DATA2, U1RXD, SD_DATA2, SPIHD
SD_DATA_3 29 I/O GPIO10, HS1_DATA3, U1TXD, SD_DATA3, SPIWP
SD_CMD 30 I/O GPIO11, HS1_CMD, U1RTS, SD_CMD, SPICS0
SD_CLK 31 I/O GPIO6, HS1_CLK, U1CTS, SD_CLK, SPICLK

SD_DATA_0 32 I/O GPIO7, HS1_DATA0, U2RTS, SD_DATA0, SPIQ
SD_DATA_1 33 I/O GPIO8, HS1_DATA1, U2CTS, SD_DATA1, SPID
VDD3P3_CPU
16
GPIO5 34 I/O GPIO5, HS1_DATA6, VSPICS0, EMAC_RX_CLK

GPIO18 35 I/O GPIO18, HS1_DATA7, VSPICLK
GPIO23 36 I/O GPIO23, HS1_STROBE, VSPID
VDD3P3_CPU 37 P Input power supply for CPU IO (1.8 V ∼ 3.6 V)
GPIO19 38 I/O GPIO19, U0CTS, VSPIQ, EMAC_TXD0
GPIO22 39 I/O GPIO22, U0RTS, VSPIWP, EMAC_TXD1
U0RXD 40 I/O GPIO3, U0RXD, CLK_OUT2
U0TXD 41 I/O GPIO1, U0TXD, CLK_OUT3, EMAC_RXD2
GPIO21 42 I/O GPIO21, VSPIHD, EMAC_TX_EN
Analog
XTAL_N 44 O External crystal output
XTAL_P 45 I External crystal input
CAP2 47 I Connects to a 3.3 nF (10%) capacitor and 20 kΩ resistor in parallel to CAP1
Espressif Systems
2 Pin Definitions
CAP1 48 I Connects to a 10 nF series capacitor to ground
GND 49 P Ground
Note:
• The pin-pin mapping between ESP32-D2WD/ESP32-U4WDH and the embedded flash is as follows: GPIO16 = CS#, GPIO17 = IO1/DO, SD_CMD = IO3/HOLD#, SD_CLK =
CLK, SD_DATA_0 = IO2/WP#, SD_DATA_1 = IO0/DI. The pins used for embedded flash are not recommended for other uses.
• In most cases, the data port connection between ESP32 series of chips other than ESP32-D2WD/ESP32-U4WDH and external flash is as follows: SD_DATA0/SPIQ = IO1/DO,
SD_DATA1/SPID = IO0/DI, SD_DATA2/SPIHD = IO3/HOLD#, SD_DATA3/SPIWP = IO2/WP#.
• For a quick reference guide to using the IO_MUX, Ethernet MAC, and GIPO Matrix pins of ESP32, please refer to Appendix ESP32 Pin Lists.
17
2 Pin Definitions
2.3 Power Scheme

ESP32’s digital pins are divided into three different power domains:
• VDD3P3_RTC
• VDD3P3_CPU
• VDD_SDIO
VDD3P3_RTC is also the input power supply for RTC and CPU.
VDD3P3_CPU is also the input power supply for CPU.
VDD_SDIO connects to the output of an internal LDO whose input is VDD3P3_RTC. When VDD_SDIO is
connected to the same PCB net together with VDD3P3_RTC, the internal LDO is disabled automatically. The
power scheme diagram is shown below:
VDD3P3_RTC VDD3P3_CPU
1.8 V LDO R=6Ω LDO 1.1 V LDO 1.1 V
VDD_SDIO
3.3 V/1.8 V
SDIO RTC CPU
Domain Domain Domain
Figure 4: ESP32 Power Scheme
The internal LDO can be configured as having 1.8 V, or the same voltage as VDD3P3_RTC. It can be powered off
via software to minimize the current of flash/SRAM during the Deep-sleep mode.
Notes on CHIP_PU:
• The illustration below shows the ESP32 power-up and reset timing. Details about the parameters are listed
in Table 2.

2 Pin Definitions
t0 t1
VDD3P3_RTC Min
VDD
VIL_nRST
CHIP_PU
Figure 5: ESP32 Powerup and Reset Timing
Table 2: Description of ESP32 Powerup and Reset Timing Parameters
Parameters Description Min. Unit

Time between the 3.3 V rails being brought up and CHIP_PU being
t0 50 µs
activated
Duration of CHIP_PU signal level < VIL_nRST (refer to its value in
t1 50 µs
Table 13 DC Characteristics) to reset the chip
• In scenarios where ESP32 is powered on and off repeatedly by switching the power rails, while there is a
large capacitor on the VDD33 rail and CHIP_PU and VDD33 are connected, simply switching off the
CHIP_PU power rail and immediately switching it back on may cause an incomplete power discharge cycle
and failure to reset the chip adequately.
An additional discharge circuit may be required to accelerate the discharge of the large capacitor on rail
VDD33, which will ensure proper power-on-reset when the ESP32 is powered up again.
• When a battery is used as the power supply for the ESP32 series of chips and modules, a supply voltage
supervisor is recommended, so that a boot failure due to low voltage is avoided. Users are recommended
to pull CHIP_PU low if the power supply for ESP32 is below 2.3 V.
Notes on power supply:
• The operating voltage of ESP32 ranges from 2.3 V to 3.6 V. When using a single-power supply, the
recommended voltage of the power supply is 3.3 V, and its recommended output current is 500 mA or
more.
• When VDD_SDIO 1.8 V is used as the power supply for external flash/PSRAM, a 2 kΩ grounding resistor
should be added to VDD_SDIO. For the circuit design, please refer to Figure ESP32WROVER
Schematics, in ESP32-WROVER Datasheet.
• When the three digital power supplies are used to drive peripherals, e.g., 3.3 V flash, they should comply
with the peripherals’ specifications.
2.4 Strapping Pins

There are five strapping pins:
• MTDI
• GPIO0
• GPIO2

2 Pin Definitions
• MTDO
• GPIO5
Software can read the values of these five bits from register ”GPIO_STRAPPING”.
During the chip’s system reset release (power-on-reset, RTC watchdog reset and brownout reset), the latches of
the strapping pins sample the voltage level as strapping bits of ”0” or ”1”, and hold these bits until the chip is
powered down or shut down. The strapping bits configure the device’s boot mode, the operating voltage of
VDD_SDIO and other initial system settings.
Each strapping pin is connected to its internal pull-up/pull-down during the chip reset. Consequently, if a
strapping pin is unconnected or the connected external circuit is high-impedance, the internal weak
pull-up/pull-down will determine the default input level of the strapping pins.
To change the strapping bit values, users can apply the external pull-down/pull-up resistances, or use the host
MCU’s GPIOs to control the voltage level of these pins when powering on the chip.
After reset release, the strapping pins work as normal-function pins.
Refer to Table 3 for a detailed boot-mode configuration by strapping pins.
Table 3: Strapping Pins
Voltage of Internal LDO (VDD_SDIO)

Pin Default 3.3 V 1.8 V
MTDI Pull-down 0 1
Booting Mode
Pin Default SPI Boot Download Boot
GPIO0 Pull-up 1 0
GPIO2 Pull-down Don’t-care 0
Enabling/Disabling Debugging Log Print over U0TXD During Booting
Pin Default U0TXD Active U0TXD Silent
MTDO Pull-up 1 0
Timing of SDIO Slave
FE Sampling FE Sampling RE Sampling RE Sampling
Pin Default FE Output RE Output FE Output RE Output
MTDO Pull-up 0 0 1 1
GPIO5 Pull-up 0 1 0 1
Note:
• FE: falling-edge, RE: rising-edge.
• Firmware can configure register bits to change the settings of “Voltage of Internal LDO (VDD_SDIO)” and “Timing
of SDIO Slave”, after booting.
• For ESP32 chips that contain an embedded flash, users need to note the logic level of MTDI. For example, ESP32-
D2WD contains an embedded flash that operates at 1.8 V, therefore, the MTDI should be pulled high. ESP32-
U4WDH contains an embedded flash that operates at 3.3 V, therefore, the MTDI should be low.
The illustration below shows the setup and hold times for the strapping pin before and after the CHIP_PU signal
goes high. Details about the parameters are listed in Table 4.

2 Pin Definitions
t0 t1
VIL_nRST
CHIP_PU
VIH
Strapping pin
Figure 6: Setup and Hold Times for the Strapping Pin
Table 4: Parameter Descriptions of Setup and Hold Times for the Strapping Pin
Parameters Description Min. Unit

t0 Setup time before CHIP_PU goes from low to high 0 ms
t1 Hold time after CHIP_PU goes high 1 ms

3 Functional Description
This chapter describes the functions integrated in ESP32.
3.1 CPU and Memory

3.1.1 CPU
ESP32 contains one or two low-power Xtensa® 32-bit LX6 microprocessor(s) with the following features:
• 7-stage pipeline to support the clock frequency of up to 240 MHz (160 MHz for ESP32-S0WD,
ESP32-D2WD, and ESP32-U4WDH)
• 16/24-bit Instruction Set provides high code-density
• Support for Floating Point Unit
• Support for DSP instructions, such as a 32-bit multiplier, a 32-bit divider, and a 40-bit MAC
• Support for 32 interrupt vectors from about 70 interrupt sources
The single-/dual-CPU interfaces include:
• Xtensa RAM/ROM Interface for instructions and data
• Xtensa Local Memory Interface for fast peripheral register access
• External and internal interrupt sources
• JTAG for debugging
3.1.2 Internal Memory

ESP32’s internal memory includes:
• 448 KB of ROM for booting and core functions
• 520 KB of on-chip SRAM for data and instructions
• 8 KB of SRAM in RTC, which is called RTC FAST Memory and can be used for data storage; it is accessed
by the main CPU during RTC Boot from the Deep-sleep mode.
• 8 KB of SRAM in RTC, which is called RTC SLOW Memory and can be accessed by the co-processor
during the Deep-sleep mode.
• 1 Kbit of eFuse: 256 bits are used for the system (MAC address and chip configuration) and the remaining
768 bits are reserved for customer applications, including flash-encryption and chip-ID.
• Embedded flash
Note:
Products in the ESP32 series differ from each other, in terms of their support for embedded flash and the size of it. For
details, please refer to Section 7 Part Number and Ordering Information.

3.1.3 External Flash and SRAM

ESP32 supports multiple external QSPI flash and SRAM chips. More details can be found in Chapter SPI in the
ESP32 Technical Reference Manual. ESP32 also supports hardware encryption/decryption based on AES to
protect developers’ programs and data in flash.
ESP32 can access the external QSPI flash and SRAM through high-speed caches.
• Up to 16 MB of external flash can be mapped into CPU instruction memory space and read-only memory
space simultaneously.
– When external flash is mapped into CPU instruction memory space, up to 11 MB + 248 KB can be
mapped at a time. Note that if more than 3 MB + 248 KB are mapped, cache performance will be
reduced due to speculative reads by the CPU.
– When external flash is mapped into read-only data memory space, up to 4 MB can be mapped at a
time. 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit reads are supported.
• External SRAM can be mapped into CPU data memory space. SRAM up to 8 MB is supported and up to 4
MB can be mapped at a time. 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit reads and writes are supported.
Note:
After ESP32 is initialized, firmware can customize the mapping of external SRAM or flash into the CPU address space.
3.1.4 Memory Map

The structure of address mapping is shown in Figure 7. The memory and peripheral mapping of ESP32 is shown
in Table 5.
Figure 7: Address Mapping Structure

Table 5: Memory and Peripheral Mapping
Category Target Start Address End Address Size

Internal ROM 0 0x4000_0000 0x4005_FFFF 384 KB
Internal ROM 1 0x3FF9_0000 0x3FF9_FFFF 64 KB
Internal SRAM 0 0x4007_0000 0x4009_FFFF 192 KB
0x3FFE_0000 0x3FFF_FFFF
Embedded Internal SRAM 1 128 KB
0x400A_0000 0x400B_FFFF
Memory
Internal SRAM 2 0x3FFA_E000 0x3FFD_FFFF 200 KB
0x3FF8_0000 0x3FF8_1FFF
RTC FAST Memory 8 KB
0x400C_0000 0x400C_1FFF
RTC SLOW Memory 0x5000_0000 0x5000_1FFF 8 KB
0x3F40_0000 0x3F7F_FFFF 4 MB
External External Flash
0x400C_2000 0x40BF_FFFF 11 MB+248 KB
Memory
External RAM 0x3F80_0000 0x3FBF_FFFF 4 MB
DPort Register 0x3FF0_0000 0x3FF0_0FFF 4 KB
AES Accelerator 0x3FF0_1000 0x3FF0_1FFF 4 KB
RSA Accelerator 0x3FF0_2000 0x3FF0_2FFF 4 KB
SHA Accelerator 0x3FF0_3000 0x3FF0_3FFF 4 KB
Secure Boot 0x3FF0_4000 0x3FF0_4FFF 4 KB
Cache MMU Table 0x3FF1_0000 0x3FF1_3FFF 16 KB
PID Controller 0x3FF1_F000 0x3FF1_FFFF 4 KB
UART0 0x3FF4_0000 0x3FF4_0FFF 4 KB
SPI1 0x3FF4_2000 0x3FF4_2FFF 4 KB
GPIO 0x3FF4_4000 0x3FF4_4FFF 4 KB
RTC 0x3FF4_8000 0x3FF4_8FFF 4 KB
IO MUX 0x3FF4_9000 0x3FF4_9FFF 4 KB
SDIO Slave 0x3FF4_B000 0x3FF4_BFFF 4 KB
UDMA1 0x3FF4_C000 0x3FF4_CFFF 4 KB
Peripheral I2S0 0x3FF4_F000 0x3FF4_FFFF 4 KB
UART1 0x3FF5_0000 0x3FF5_0FFF 4 KB
I2C0 0x3FF5_3000 0x3FF5_3FFF 4 KB
UDMA0 0x3FF5_4000 0x3FF5_4FFF 4 KB
SDIO Slave 0x3FF5_5000 0x3FF5_5FFF 4 KB
RMT 0x3FF5_6000 0x3FF5_6FFF 4 KB
PCNT 0x3FF5_7000 0x3FF5_7FFF 4 KB
SDIO Slave 0x3FF5_8000 0x3FF5_8FFF 4 KB
LED PWM 0x3FF5_9000 0x3FF5_9FFF 4 KB
eFuse Controller 0x3FF5_A000 0x3FF5_AFFF 4 KB
Flash Encryption 0x3FF5_B000 0x3FF5_BFFF 4 KB
PWM0 0x3FF5_E000 0x3FF5_EFFF 4 KB
TIMG0 0x3FF5_F000 0x3FF5_FFFF 4 KB
TIMG1 0x3FF6_0000 0x3FF6_0FFF 4 KB

Category Target Start Address End Address Size

SYSCON 0x3FF6_6000 0x3FF6_6FFF 4 KB
I2C1 0x3FF6_7000 0x3FF6_7FFF 4 KB
SDMMC 0x3FF6_8000 0x3FF6_8FFF 4 KB
EMAC 0x3FF6_9000 0x3FF6_AFFF 8 KB
TWAI 0x3FF6_B000 0x3FF6_BFFF 4 KB
Peripheral
PWM1 0x3FF6_C000 0x3FF6_CFFF 4 KB
I2S1 0x3FF6_D000 0x3FF6_DFFF 4 KB
UART2 0x3FF6_E000 0x3FF6_EFFF 4 KB
PWM2 0x3FF6_F000 0x3FF6_FFFF 4 KB
PWM3 0x3FF7_0000 0x3FF7_0FFF 4 KB
RNG 0x3FF7_5000 0x3FF7_5FFF 4 KB
3.2 Timers and Watchdogs

3.2.1 64bit Timers
There are four general-purpose timers embedded in the chip. They are all 64-bit generic timers which are based
on 16-bit prescalers and 64-bit auto-reload-capable up/down-timers.
The timers feature:
• A 16-bit clock prescaler, from 2 to 65536
• A 64-bit timer
• Configurable up/down timer: incrementing or decrementing
• Halt and resume of time-base counter
• Auto-reload at alarming
• Software-controlled instant reload
• Level and edge interrupt generation
3.2.2 Watchdog Timers

The chip has three watchdog timers: one in each of the two timer modules (called the Main Watchdog Timer, or
MWDT) and one in the RTC module (called the RTC Watchdog Timer, or RWDT). These watchdog timers are
intended to recover from an unforeseen fault causing the application program to abandon its normal sequence. A
watchdog timer has four stages. Each stage may trigger one of three or four possible actions upon the expiry of
its programmed time period, unless the watchdog is fed or disabled. The actions are: interrupt, CPU reset, core
reset, and system reset. Only the RWDT can trigger the system reset, and is able to reset the entire chip,
including the RTC itself. A timeout value can be set for each stage individually.
During flash boot the RWDT and the first MWDT start automatically in order to detect, and recover from, booting
problems.
The watchdogs have the following features:
• Four stages, each of which can be configured or disabled separately
• A programmable time period for each stage

• One of three or four possible actions (interrupt, CPU reset, core reset, and system reset) upon the expiry of
each stage
• 32-bit expiry counter
• Write protection that prevents the RWDT and MWDT configuration from being inadvertently altered
• SPI flash boot protection

If the boot process from an SPI flash does not complete within a predetermined time period, the watchdog
will reboot the entire system.
3.3 System Clocks

3.3.1 CPU Clock
Upon reset, an external crystal clock source is selected as the default CPU clock. The external crystal clock
source also connects to a PLL to generate a high-frequency clock (typically 160 MHz).
In addition, ESP32 has an internal 8 MHz oscillator. The application can select the clock source from the external
crystal clock source, the PLL clock or the internal 8 MHz oscillator. The selected clock source drives the CPU
clock directly, or after division, depending on the application.
3.3.2 RTC Clock

The RTC clock has five possible sources:
• external low-speed (32 kHz) crystal clock
• external crystal clock divided by 4
• internal RC oscillator (typically about 150 kHz, and adjustable)
• internal 8 MHz oscillator
• internal 31.25 kHz clock (derived from the internal 8 MHz oscillator divided by 256)
When the chip is in the normal power mode and needs faster CPU accessing, the application can choose the
external high-speed crystal clock divided by 4 or the internal 8 MHz oscillator. When the chip operates in the
low-power mode, the application chooses the external low-speed (32 kHz) crystal clock, the internal RC clock or
the internal 31.25 kHz clock.
3.3.3 Audio PLL Clock

The audio clock is generated by the ultra-low-noise fractional-N PLL. More details can be found in Chapter Reset
and Clock in the ESP32 Technical Reference Manual.
3.4 Radio
The radio module consists of the following blocks:
• 2.4 GHz receiver
• 2.4 GHz transmitter
• bias and regulators

• balun and transmit-receive switch
• clock generator
3.4.1 2.4 GHz Receiver

The 2.4 GHz receiver demodulates the 2.4 GHz RF signal to quadrature baseband signals and converts them to
the digital domain with two high-resolution, high-speed ADCs. To adapt to varying signal channel conditions, RF
filters, Automatic Gain Control (AGC), DC offset cancelation circuits and baseband filters are integrated in the
chip.
3.4.2 2.4 GHz Transmitter

The 2.4 GHz transmitter modulates the quadrature baseband signals to the 2.4 GHz RF signal, and drives the
antenna with a high-powered Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier. The use of
digital calibration further improves the linearity of the power amplifier, enabling state-of-the-art performance in
delivering up to +20.5 dBm of power for an 802.11b transmission and +18 dBm for an 802.11n
transmission.
Additional calibrations are integrated to cancel any radio imperfections, such as:
• Carrier leakage
• I/Q phase matching
• Baseband nonlinearities
• RF nonlinearities
• Antenna matching
These built-in calibration routines reduce the amount of time required for product testing, and render the testing
equipment unnecessary.
3.4.3 Clock Generator

The clock generator produces quadrature clock signals of 2.4 GHz for both the receiver and the transmitter. All
components of the clock generator are integrated into the chip, including all inductors, varactors, filters,
regulators and dividers.
The clock generator has built-in calibration and self-test circuits. Quadrature clock phases and phase noise are
optimized on-chip with patented calibration algorithms which ensure the best performance of the receiver and
the transmitter.
3.5 WiFi
ESP32 implements a TCP/IP and full 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi MAC protocol. It supports the Basic Service Set (BSS)
STA and SoftAP operations under the Distributed Control Function (DCF). Power management is handled with
minimal host interaction to minimize the active-duty period.
3.5.1 WiFi Radio and Baseband

The ESP32 Wi-Fi Radio and Baseband support the following features:

• 802.11b/g/n
• 802.11n MCS0-7 in both 20 MHz and 40 MHz bandwidth
• 802.11n MCS32 (RX)
• 802.11n 0.4 µs guard-interval
• up to 150 Mbps of data rate
• Receiving STBC 2×1
• Up to 20.5 dBm of transmitting power
• Adjustable transmitting power
• Antenna diversity
ESP32 supports antenna diversity with an external RF switch. One or more GPIOs control the RF switch
and selects the best antenna to minimize the effects of channel fading.
3.5.2 WiFi MAC

The ESP32 Wi-Fi MAC applies low-level protocol functions automatically. They are as follows:
• 4 × virtual Wi-Fi interfaces
• Simultaneous Infrastructure BSS Station mode/SoftAP mode/Promiscuous mode
• RTS protection, CTS protection, Immediate Block ACK
• Defragmentation
• TX/RX A-MPDU, RX A-MSDU
• TXOP
• WMM
• CCMP (CBC-MAC, counter mode), TKIP (MIC, RC4), WAPI (SMS4), WEP (RC4) and CRC
• Automatic beacon monitoring (hardware TSF)
3.6 Bluetooth
The chip integrates a Bluetooth link controller and Bluetooth baseband, which carry out the baseband protocols
and other low-level link routines, such as modulation/demodulation, packet processing, bit stream processing,
frequency hopping, etc.
3.6.1 Bluetooth Radio and Baseband

The Bluetooth Radio and Baseband support the following features:
• Class-1, class-2 and class-3 transmit output powers, and a dynamic control range of up to 24 dB
• π/4 DQPSK and 8 DPSK modulation
• High performance in NZIF receiver sensitivity with over 94 dBm of dynamic range
• Class-1 operation without external PA
• Internal SRAM allows full-speed data-transfer, mixed voice and data, and full piconet operation

• Logic for forward error correction, header error control, access code correlation, CRC, demodulation,
encryption bit stream generation, whitening and transmit pulse shaping
• ACL, SCO, eSCO and AFH
• A-law, µ-law and CVSD digital audio CODEC in PCM interface
• SBC audio CODEC
• Power management for low-power applications
• SMP with 128-bit AES
3.6.2 Bluetooth Interface

• Provides UART HCI interface, up to 4 Mbps
• Provides SDIO / SPI HCI interface
• Provides PCM / I²S audio interface
3.6.3 Bluetooth Stack

The Bluetooth stack of the chip is compliant with the Bluetooth v4.2 BR/EDR and Bluetooth LE
specifications.
3.6.4 Bluetooth Link Controller

The link controller operates in three major states: standby, connection and sniff. It enables multiple connections,
and other operations, such as inquiry, page, and secure simple-pairing, and therefore enables Piconet and
Scatternet. Below are the features:
• Classic Bluetooth
– Device Discovery (inquiry, and inquiry scan)
– Connection establishment (page, and page scan)
– Multi-connections
– Asynchronous data reception and transmission
– Synchronous links (SCO/eSCO)
– Master/Slave Switch
– Adaptive Frequency Hopping and Channel assessment
– Broadcast encryption
– Authentication and encryption
– Secure Simple-Pairing
– Multi-point and scatternet management
– Sniff mode
– Connectionless Slave Broadcast (transmitter and receiver)
– Enhanced power control

– Ping
• Bluetooth Low Energy
– Advertising
– Scanning
– Simultaneous advertising and scanning
– Multiple connections
– Asynchronous data reception and transmission
– Adaptive Frequency Hopping and Channel assessment
– Connection parameter update
– Data Length Extension
– Link Layer Encryption
– LE Ping
3.7 RTC and LowPower Management

With the use of advanced power-management technologies, ESP32 can switch between different power
modes.
• Power modes
– Active mode: The chip radio is powered on. The chip can receive, transmit, or listen.
– Modemsleep mode: The CPU is operational and the clock is configurable. The Wi-Fi/Bluetooth
baseband and radio are disabled.
– Lightsleep mode: The CPU is paused. The RTC memory and RTC peripherals, as well as the ULP
co-processor are running. Any wake-up events (MAC, host, RTC timer, or external interrupts) will wake
up the chip.
– Deepsleep mode: Only the RTC memory and RTC peripherals are powered on. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
connection data are stored in the RTC memory. The ULP co-processor is functional.
– Hibernation mode: The internal 8-MHz oscillator and ULP co-processor are disabled. The RTC
recovery memory is powered down. Only one RTC timer on the slow clock and certain RTC GPIOs are
active. The RTC timer or the RTC GPIOs can wake up the chip from the Hibernation mode.
Table 6: Power Consumption by Power Modes
Power mode Description Power consumption

Wi-Fi Tx packet
Please refer to
Active (RF working) Wi-Fi/BT Tx packet
Table 15 for details.
Wi-Fi/BT Rx and listening
* Dual-core chip(s) 30 mA ~ 68 mA
240 MHz
Single-core chip(s) N/A
The CPU is * Dual-core chip(s) 27 mA ~ 44 mA
Modem-sleep 160 MHz
powered on. Single-core chip(s) 27 mA ~ 34 mA

Power mode Description Power consumption

Dual-core chip(s) 20 mA ~ 31 mA
Normal speed: 80 MHz
Single-core chip(s) 20 mA ~ 25 mA
Light-sleep - 0.8 mA
The ULP co-processor is powered on. 150 µA
Deep-sleep ULP sensor-monitored pattern 100 µA @1% duty
RTC timer + RTC memory 10 µA
Hibernation RTC timer only 5 µA
Power off CHIP_PU is set to low level, the chip is powered off. 1 µA
Note:
• * Among the ESP32 series of SoCs, ESP32-D0WD-V3, ESP32-D0WDQ6-V3, ESP32-D0WD, and ESP32-D0WDQ6
have a maximum CPU frequency of 240 MHz, ESP32-D2WD, ESP32-S0WD, and ESP32-U4WDH have a maximum
CPU frequency of 160 MHz.
• When Wi-Fi is enabled, the chip switches between Active and Modem-sleep modes. Therefore, power consumption
changes accordingly.
• In Modem-sleep mode, the CPU frequency changes automatically. The frequency depends on the CPU load and
the peripherals used.
• During Deep-sleep, when the ULP co-processor is powered on, peripherals such as GPIO and I²C are able to
operate.
• When the system works in the ULP sensor-monitored pattern, the ULP co-processor works with the ULP sensor
periodically and the ADC works with a duty cycle of 1%, so the power consumption is 100 µA.

4 Peripherals and Sensors
4.1 Descriptions of Peripherals and Sensors

4.1.1 General Purpose Input / Output Interface (GPIO)
ESP32 has 34 GPIO pins which can be assigned various functions by programming the appropriate registers.
There are several kinds of GPIOs: digital-only, analog-enabled, capacitive-touch-enabled, etc. Analog-enabled
GPIOs and Capacitive-touch-enabled GPIOs can be configured as digital GPIOs.
Most of the digital GPIOs can be configured as internal pull-up or pull-down, or set to high impedance. When
configured as an input, the input value can be read through the register. The input can also be set to edge-trigger
or level-trigger to generate CPU interrupts. Most of the digital IO pins are bi-directional, non-inverting and tristate,
including input and output buffers with tristate control. These pins can be multiplexed with other functions, such
as the SDIO, UART, SPI, etc. (More details can be found in the Appendix, Table IO_MUX.) For low-power
operations, the GPIOs can be set to hold their states.
4.1.2 AnalogtoDigital Converter (ADC)

ESP32 integrates 12-bit SAR ADCs and supports measurements on 18 channels (analog-enabled pins). The
ULP-coprocessor in ESP32 is also designed to measure voltage, while operating in the sleep mode, which
enables low-power consumption. The CPU can be woken up by a threshold setting and/or via other
triggers.
With appropriate settings, the ADCs can be configured to measure voltage on 18 pins maximum.
Table 7 describes the ADC characteristics.
Table 7: ADC Characteristics
Parameter Description Min Max Unit

RTC controller; ADC connected to an
DNL (Differential nonlinearity) –7 7 LSB
external 100 nF capacitor; DC signal input;
ambient temperature at 25 °C;
INL (Integral nonlinearity) –12 12 LSB
Wi-Fi&BT off
RTC controller – 200 ksps
Sampling rate
DIG controller – 2 Msps
Notes:
• When atten=3 and the measurement result is above 3000 (voltage at approx. 2450 mV), the ADC accuracy
will be worse than described in the table above.
• To get better DNL results, users can take multiple sampling tests with a filter, or calculate the average value.
• The input voltage range of GPIO pins within VDD3P3_RTC domain should strictly follow the DC
characteristics provided in Table 13. Otherwise, measurement errors may be introduced, and chip
performance may be affected.
By default, there are ±6% differences in measured results between chips. ESP-IDF provides couple of calibration
methods for ADC1. Results after calibration using eFuse Vref value are shown in Table 8. For higher accuracy,
users may apply other calibration methods provided in ESP-IDF, or implement their own.

Table 8: ADC Calibration Results
Parameter Description Min Max Unit

Atten=0, effective measurement range of 100 ∼ 950 mV –23 23 mV
Total error
4.1.3 Hall Sensor

ESP32 integrates a Hall sensor based on an N-carrier resistor. When the chip is in the magnetic field, the Hall
sensor develops a small voltage laterally on the resistor, which can be directly measured by the ADC.
4.1.4 DigitaltoAnalog Converter (DAC)

Two 8-bit DAC channels can be used to convert two digital signals into two analog voltage signal outputs. The
design structure is composed of integrated resistor strings and a buffer. This dual DAC supports power supply as
input voltage reference. The two DAC channels can also support independent conversions.
4.1.5 Touch Sensor

ESP32 has 10 capacitive-sensing GPIOs, which detect variations induced by touching or approaching the GPIOs
with a finger or other objects. The low-noise nature of the design and the high sensitivity of the circuit allow
relatively small pads to be used. Arrays of pads can also be used, so that a larger area or more points can be
detected. The 10 capacitive-sensing GPIOs are listed in Table 9.
Table 9: CapacitiveSensing GPIOs Available on ESP32
Capacitive-sensing signal name Pin name

T0 GPIO4
T1 GPIO0
T2 GPIO2
T3 MTDO
T4 MTCK
T5 MTDI
T6 MTMS
T7 GPIO27
T8 32K_XN
T9 32K_XP
4.1.6 UltraLowPower Coprocessor

The ULP processor and RTC memory remain powered on during the Deep-sleep mode. Hence, the developer
can store a program for the ULP processor in the RTC slow memory to access the peripheral devices, internal
timers and internal sensors during the Deep-sleep mode. This is useful for designing applications where the CPU
needs to be woken up by an external event, or a timer, or a combination of the two, while maintaining minimal
power consumption.

4.1.7 Ethernet MAC Interface

An IEEE-802.3-2008-compliant Media Access Controller (MAC) is provided for Ethernet LAN communications.
ESP32 requires an external physical interface device (PHY) to connect to the physical LAN bus (twisted-pair, fiber,
etc.). The PHY is connected to ESP32 through 17 signals of MII or nine signals of RMII. The following features are
supported on the Ethernet MAC (EMAC) interface:
• 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps rates
• Dedicated DMA controller allowing high-speed transfer between the dedicated SRAM and Ethernet MAC
• Tagged MAC frame (VLAN support)
• Half-duplex (CSMA/CD) and full-duplex operation
• MAC control sublayer (control frames)
• 32-bit CRC generation and removal
• Several address-filtering modes for physical and multicast address (multicast and group addresses)
• 32-bit status code for each transmitted or received frame
• Internal FIFOs to buffer transmit and receive frames. The transmit FIFO and the receive FIFO are both 512
words (32-bit)
• Hardware PTP (Precision Time Protocol) in accordance with IEEE 1588 2008 (PTP V2)
• 25 MHz/50 MHz clock output
4.1.8 SD/SDIO/MMC Host Controller

An SD/SDIO/MMC host controller is available on ESP32, which supports the following features:
• Secure Digital memory (SD mem Version 3.0 and Version 3.01)
• Secure Digital I/O (SDIO Version 3.0)
• Consumer Electronics Advanced Transport Architecture (CE-ATA Version 1.1)
• Multimedia Cards (MMC Version 4.41, eMMC Version 4.5 and Version 4.51)
The controller allows up to 80 MHz clock output in three different data-bus modes: 1-bit, 4-bit and 8-bit. It
supports two SD/SDIO/MMC4.41 cards in a 4-bit data-bus mode. It also supports one SD card operating at 1.8
V.
4.1.9 SDIO/SPI Slave Controller

ESP32 integrates an SD device interface that conforms to the industry-standard SDIO Card Specification Version
2.0, and allows a host controller to access the SoC, using the SDIO bus interface and protocol. ESP32 acts as
the slave on the SDIO bus. The host can access the SDIO-interface registers directly and can access shared
memory via a DMA engine, thus maximizing performance without engaging the processor cores.
The SDIO/SPI slave controller supports the following features:
• SPI, 1-bit SDIO, and 4-bit SDIO transfer modes over the full clock range from 0 to 50 MHz
• Configurable sampling and driving clock edge
• Special registers for direct access by host

• Interrupts to host for initiating data transfer
• Automatic loading of SDIO bus data and automatic discarding of padding data
• Block size of up to 512 bytes
• Interrupt vectors between the host and the slave, allowing both to interrupt each other
• Supports DMA for data transfer
4.1.10 Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART)

ESP32 has three UART interfaces, i.e., UART0, UART1 and UART2, which provide asynchronous
communication (RS232 and RS485) and IrDA support, communicating at a speed of up to 5 Mbps. UART
provides hardware management of the CTS and RTS signals and software flow control (XON and XOFF). All of
the interfaces can be accessed by the DMA controller or directly by the CPU.
4.1.11 I²C Interface

ESP32 has two I²C bus interfaces which can serve as I²C master or slave, depending on the user’s configuration.
The I²C interfaces support:
• Standard mode (100 Kbit/s)
• Fast mode (400 Kbit/s)
• Up to 5 MHz, yet constrained by SDA pull-up strength
• 7-bit/10-bit addressing mode
• Dual addressing mode
Users can program command registers to control I²C interfaces, so that they have more flexibility.
4.1.12 I²S Interface

Two standard I²S interfaces are available in ESP32. They can be operated in master or slave mode, in full duplex
and half-duplex communication modes, and can be configured to operate with an 8-/16-/32-/48-/64-bit
resolution as input or output channels. BCK clock frequency, from 10 kHz up to 40 MHz, is supported. When
one or both of the I²S interfaces are configured in the master mode, the master clock can be output to the
external DAC/CODEC.
Both of the I²S interfaces have dedicated DMA controllers. PDM and BT PCM interfaces are supported.
4.1.13 Infrared Remote Controller

The infrared remote controller supports eight channels of infrared remote transmission and receiving. By
programming the pulse waveform, it supports various infrared protocols. Eight channels share a 512 x 32-bit
block of memory to store the transmitting or receiving waveform.
4.1.14 Pulse Counter

The pulse counter captures pulse and counts pulse edges through seven modes. It has eight channels, each of
which captures four signals at a time. The four input signals include two pulse signals and two control signals.
When the counter reaches a defined threshold, an interrupt is generated.

4.1.15 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

The Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller can be used for driving digital motors and smart lights. The
controller consists of PWM timers, the PWM operator and a dedicated capture sub-module. Each timer provides
timing in synchronous or independent form, and each PWM operator generates a waveform for one PWM
channel. The dedicated capture sub-module can accurately capture events with external timing.
4.1.16 LED PWM

The LED PWM controller can generate 16 independent channels of digital waveforms with configurable periods
and duties.
The 16 channels of digital waveforms operate with an APB clock of 80 MHz. Eight of these channels have the
option of using the 8 MHz oscillator clock. Each channel can select a 20-bit timer with configurable counting
range, while its accuracy of duty can be up to 16 bits within a 1 ms period.
The software can change the duty immediately. Moreover, each channel automatically supports step-by-step
duty increase or decrease, which is useful for the LED RGB color-gradient generator.
4.1.17 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)

ESP32 features three SPIs (SPI, HSPI and VSPI) in slave and master modes in 1-line full-duplex and 1/2/4-line
half-duplex communication modes. These SPIs also support the following general-purpose SPI features:
• Four modes of SPI transfer format, which depend on the polarity (CPOL) and the phase (CPHA) of the SPI
clock
• Up to 80 MHz (The actual speed it can reach depends on the selected pads, PCB tracing, peripheral
characteristics, etc.)
• up to 64-byte FIFO
All SPIs can also be connected to the external flash/SRAM and LCD. Each SPI can be served by DMA
controllers.
4.1.18 TWAI Controller

ESP32 family has a TWAI® controller with the following features:
• compatible with ISO11898-1 protocol
• standard frame format (11-bit ID) and extended frame format (29-bit ID)
• bit rates from 1 Kbit/s to 1 Mbit/s
• multiple modes of operation: Normal, Listen Only, and Self-Test
• 64-byte receive FIFO
• special transmissions: single-shot transmissions and self reception
• acceptance filter (single and dual filter modes)
• error detection and handling: error counters, configurable error interrupt threshold, error code capture,
arbitration lost capture

4.1.19 Accelerator
ESP32 is equipped with hardware accelerators of general algorithms, such as AES (FIPS PUB 197), SHA (FIPS
PUB 180-4), RSA, and ECC, which support independent arithmetic, such as Big Integer Multiplication and Big
Integer Modular Multiplication. The maximum operation length for RSA, ECC, Big Integer Multiply and Big Integer
Modular Multiplication is 4096 bits.
The hardware accelerators greatly improve operation speed and reduce software complexity. They also support
code encryption and dynamic decryption, which ensures that code in the flash will not be hacked.
4.2 Peripheral Pin Configurations
Table 10: Peripheral Pin Configurations
Interface Signal Pin Function

ADC1_CH0 SENSOR_VP
ADC1_CH1 SENSOR_CAPP
ADC1_CH2 SENSOR_CAPN
ADC1_CH3 SENSOR_VN
ADC1_CH4 32K_XP
ADC1_CH5 32K_XN
ADC1_CH6 VDET_1
ADC1_CH7 VDET_2
ADC2_CH0 GPIO4
ADC Two 12-bit SAR ADCs
ADC2_CH1 GPIO0
ADC2_CH2 GPIO2
ADC2_CH3 MTDO
ADC2_CH4 MTCK
ADC2_CH5 MTDI
ADC2_CH6 MTMS
ADC2_CH7 GPIO27
ADC2_CH8 GPIO25
ADC2_CH9 GPIO26
DAC_1 GPIO25
DAC Two 8-bit DACs
DAC_2 GPIO26
TOUCH0 GPIO4
TOUCH1 GPIO0
TOUCH2 GPIO2
TOUCH3 MTDO
TOUCH4 MTCK
Touch Sensor Capacitive touch sensors
TOUCH5 MTDI
TOUCH6 MTMS
TOUCH7 GPIO27
TOUCH8 32K_XN
TOUCH9 32K_XP


MTDI MTDI
MTCK MTCK
JTAG JTAG for software debugging
MTMS MTMS
MTDO MTDO
HS2_CLK MTMS
HS2_CMD MTDO
SD/SDIO/MMC Host HS2_DATA0 GPIO2
Supports SD memory card V3.01 standard
Controller HS2_DATA1 GPIO4
HS2_DATA2 MTDI
HS2_DATA3 MTCK
PWM0_OUT0~2
PWM1_OUT_IN0~2
Three channels of 16-bit timers generate
PWM0_FLT_IN0~2
PWM waveforms. Each channel has a pair
PWM1_FLT_IN0~2
Motor PWM Any GPIO Pins of output signals, three fault detection
PWM0_CAP_IN0~2
signals, three event-capture signals, and
PWM1_CAP_IN0~2
three sync signals.
PWM0_SYNC_IN0~2
PWM1_SYNC_IN0~2
SD_CLK MTMS
SD_CMD MTDO
SDIO interface that conforms to the
SDIO/SPI Slave SD_DATA0 GPIO2
industry standard SDIO 2.0 card
Controller SD_DATA1 GPIO4
specification
SD_DATA2 MTDI
SD_DATA3 MTCK
U0RXD_in
U0CTS_in
U0DSR_in
U0TXD_out
U0RTS_out
U0DTR_out
U1RXD_in Three UART devices with hardware
UART Any GPIO Pins
U1CTS_in flow-control and DMA
U1TXD_out
U1RTS_out
U2RXD_in
U2CTS_in
U2TXD_out
U2RTS_out
I2CEXT0_SCL_in
I2CEXT0_SDA_in
I2CEXT1_SCL_in
I2CEXT1_SDA_in
I2C Any GPIO Pins Two I2C devices in slave or master mode
I2CEXT0_SCL_out
I2CEXT0_SDA_out
I2CEXT1_SCL_out


I2CEXT1_SDA_out
ledc_hs_sig_out0~7 16 independent channels @80 MHz
LED PWM Any GPIO Pins
ledc_ls_sig_out0~7 clock/RTC CLK. Duty accuracy: 16 bits.
I2S0I_DATA_in0~15
I2S0O_BCK_in
I2S0O_WS_in
I2S0I_BCK_in
I2S0I_WS_in
I2S0I_H_SYNC
I2S0I_V_SYNC
I2S0I_H_ENABLE
I2S0O_BCK_out
I2S0O_WS_out
I2S0I_BCK_out
I2S0I_WS_out
Stereo input and output from/to the audio
I2S0O_DATA_out0~23
I2S Any GPIO Pins codec; parallel LCD data output; parallel
I2S1I_DATA_in0~15
camera data input
I2S1O_BCK_in
I2S1O_WS_in
I2S1I_BCK_in
I2S1I_WS_in
I2S1I_H_SYNC
I2S1I_V_SYNC
I2S1I_H_ENABLE
I2S1O_BCK_out
I2S1O_WS_out
I2S1I_BCK_out
I2S1I_WS_out
I2S1O_DATA_out0~23
Infrared Remote RMT_SIG_IN0~7 Eight channels for an IR transmitter and
Any GPIO Pins
Controller RMT_SIG_OUT0~7 receiver of various waveforms
HSPIQ_in/_out
Standard SPI consists of clock,
HSPID_in/_out
chip-select, MOSI and MISO. These SPIs
HSPICLK_in/_out
can be connected to LCD and other
HSPI_CS0_in/_out
external devices. They support the
HSPI_CS1_out
following features:
General Purpose HSPI_CS2_out
Any GPIO Pins • Both master and slave modes;
SPI VSPIQ_in/_out
• Four sub-modes of the SPI transfer
VSPID_in/_out
format;
VSPICLK_in/_out
• Configurable SPI frequency;
VSPI_CS0_in/_out
• Up to 64 bytes of FIFO and DMA.
VSPI_CS1_out
VSPI_CS2_out


SPIHD SD_DATA_2
SPIWP SD_DATA_3
SPICS0 SD_CMD
SPICLK SD_CLK
SPIQ SD_DATA_0
SPID SD_DATA_1
HSPICLK MTMS
HSPICS0 MTDO
Supports Standard SPI, Dual SPI, and
HSPIQ MTDI
Parallel QSPI Quad SPI that can be connected to the
HSPID MTCK
external flash and SRAM
HSPIHD GPIO4
HSPIWP GPIO2
VSPICLK GPIO18
VSPICS0 GPIO5
VSPIQ GPIO19
VSPID GPIO23
VSPIHD GPIO21
VSPIWP GPIO22
EMAC_TX_CLK GPIO0
EMAC_RX_CLK GPIO5
EMAC_TX_EN GPIO21
EMAC_TXD0 GPIO19
EMAC_TXD1 GPIO22
EMAC_TXD2 MTMS
EMAC_TXD3 MTDI
EMAC_RX_ER MTCK
EMAC_RX_DV GPIO27
EMAC_RXD0 GPIO25
EMAC EMAC_RXD1 GPIO26 Ethernet MAC with MII/RMII interface
EMAC_RXD2 U0TXD
EMAC_RXD3 MTDO
EMAC_CLK_OUT GPIO16
EMAC_CLK_OUT_180 GPIO17
EMAC_TX_ER GPIO4
EMAC_MDC_out Any GPIO Pins
EMAC_MDI_in Any GPIO Pins
EMAC_MDO_out Any GPIO Pins
EMAC_CRS_out Any GPIO Pins
EMAC_COL_out Any GPIO Pins


pcnt_sig_ch0_in0
pcnt_sig_ch1_in0
pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in0
pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in0
pcnt_sig_ch0_in1
pcnt_sig_ch1_in1
pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in1
pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in1
pcnt_sig_ch0_in2
pcnt_sig_ch1_in2
pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in2
pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in2
pcnt_sig_ch0_in3
pcnt_sig_ch1_in3
pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in3
Operating in seven different modes, the
pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in3
Pulse Counter Any GPIO Pins pulse counter captures pulse and counts
pcnt_sig_ch0_in4
pulse edges.
pcnt_sig_ch1_in4
pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in4
pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in4
pcnt_sig_ch0_in5
pcnt_sig_ch1_in5
pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in5
pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in5
pcnt_sig_ch0_in6
pcnt_sig_ch1_in6
pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in6
pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in6
pcnt_sig_ch0_in7
pcnt_sig_ch1_in7
pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in7
pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in7
twai_rx
twai_tx
TWAI Any GPIO Pins Compatible with ISO11898-1 protocol
twai_bus_off_on
twai_clkout

5 Electrical Characteristics
5.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

Stresses beyond the absolute maximum ratings listed in the table below may cause permanent damage to the
device. These are stress ratings only, and do not refer to the functional operation of the device that should follow
the recommended operating conditions.
Table 11: Absolute Maximum Ratings
Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit

VDDA, VDD3P3, VDD3P3_RTC, Voltage applied to power supply pins per
–0.3 3.6 V
VDD3P3_CPU, VDD_SDIO power domain
Ioutput * Cumulative IO output current - 1200 mA
Tstore Storage temperature –40 150 °C
* The chip worked properly after a 24-hour test in ambient temperature at 25 °C, and the IOs in three domains
(VDD3P3_RTC, VDD3P3_CPU, VDD_SDIO) output high logic level to ground.
5.2 Recommended Operating Conditions
Table 12: Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit

note 1
VDDA, VDD3P3_RTC, VDD3P3, Voltage applied to power supply pins
note 2
2.3/3.0note 3 3.3 3.6 V
VDD_SDIO (3.3 V mode) per power domain
VDD3P3_CPU Voltage applied to power supply pin 1.8 3.3 3.6 V
Current delivered by external power
IV DD 0.5 - - A
supply
T note 4 Operating temperature –40 - 125 °C
1. When writing eFuse, VDD3P3_RTC should be at least 3.3 V.

2. • VDD_SDIO works as the power supply for the related IO, and also for an external device. Please refer to the
Appendix IO_MUX of this datasheet for more details.
• VDD_SDIO can be sourced internally by the ESP32 from the VDD3P3_RTC power domain:
– When VDD_SDIO operates at 3.3 V, it is driven directly by VDD3P3_RTC through a 6 Ω resistor, therefore,
there will be some voltage drop from VDD3P3_RTC.
– When VDD_SDIO operates at 1.8 V, it can be generated from ESP32’s internal LDO. The maximum current
this LDO can offer is 40 mA, and the output voltage range is 1.65 V ~ 2.0 V.
• VDD_SDIO can also be driven by an external power supply.
• Please refer to Power Scheme, section 2.3, for more information.
3. • ESP32-U4WDH (with a 3.3 V flash embedded): this minimum voltage is 3.0 V;
• ESP32-D2WD (with a 1.8 V flash embedded) and other chips (no flash): this minimum voltage is 2.3 V;
• For more information, see Table 23 Part Number and Ordering Information.
4. The operating temperature of ESP32-D2WD and ESP32-U4WDH ranges from –40 °C to 105 °C, due to the flash
embedded in them. The other chips in this series have no embedded flash, so their range of operating temperatures is
–40 °C ~ 125 °C.

5.3 DC Characteristics (3.3 V, 25 °C)
Table 13: DC Characteristics (3.3 V, 25 °C)
Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit

CIN Pin capacitance - 2 - pF
1 1
VIH High-level input voltage 0.75×VDD - VDD +0.3 V
VIL Low-level input voltage –0.3 - 0.25×VDD1 V
IIH High-level input current - - 50 nA
IIL Low-level input current - - 50 nA
VOH High-level output voltage 0.8×VDD1 - - V
VOL Low-level output voltage - - 0.1×VDD1 V
VDD3P3_CPU
High-level source current - 40 - mA
1
power domain 1, 2
(VDD = 3.3 V,
VDD3P3_RTC
IOH VOH >= 2.64 V, - 40 - mA
power domain 1, 2
output drive strength set
VDD_SDIO power
to the maximum) - 20 - mA
domain 1, 3
Low-level sink current

IOL (VDD1 = 3.3 V, VOL = 0.495 V, - 28 - mA
output drive strength set to the maximum)
RP U Resistance of internal pull-up resistor - 45 - kΩ
RP D Resistance of internal pull-down resistor - 45 - kΩ
Low-level input voltage of CHIP_PU
VIL_nRST - - 0.6 V
to power off the chip
Notes:
1. Please see Table IO_MUX for IO’s power domain. VDD is the I/O voltage for a particular power domain of pins.
2. For VDD3P3_CPU and VDD3P3_RTC power domain, per-pin current sourced in the same domain is gradually reduced
from around 40 mA to around 29 mA, VOH >=2.64 V, as the number of current-source pins increases.
3. For VDD_SDIO power domain, per-pin current sourced in the same domain is gradually reduced from around 30 mA to
around 10 mA, VOH >=2.64 V, as the number of current-source pins increases.
5.4 Reliability Qualifications

ESP32 chip series passed all reliability qualifications listed in Table 14.
Table 14: Reliability Qualifications
Test Item Test Condition Test Standard

HTOL (High Temperature
125 °C, 1000 hours JESD22-A108
Operating Life)
ESD (Electro-Static HBM (Human Body Mode) 1 ± 2000 V JESD22-A114
2
Discharge Sensitivity) CDM (Charge Device Mode) ± 500 V JESD22-C101F
Current trigger ± 200 mA
Latch up JESD78
Voltage trigger 1.5 × VDDmax
Bake 24 hours @125 °C J-STD-020,
Preconditioning Moisture soak (level 3: 192 hours @30 °C, 60% RH) JESD47,
IR reflow solder: 260 + 0 °C, 20 seconds, three times JESD22-A113
Test Item Test Condition Test Standard

TCT (Temperature Cycling
–65 °C / 150 °C, 500 cycles JESD22-A104
Test)
Autoclave Test 121 °C, 100% RH, 96 hours JESD22-A102
uHAST (Highly Acceler-
130 °C, 85% RH, 96 hours JESD22-A118
ated Stress Test, unbiased)
HTSL (High Temperature
150 °C, 1000 hours JESD22-A103
Storage Life)
1. JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500 V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
2. JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250 V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
5.5 RF PowerConsumption Specifications

The power consumption measurements are taken with a 3.3 V supply at 25 °C of ambient temperature at the RF
port. All transmitters’ measurements are based on a 50% duty cycle.
Table 15: RF PowerConsumption Specifications
Mode Min Typ Max Unit

Transmit 802.11b, DSSS 1 Mbps, POUT = +19.5 dBm - 240 - mA
Transmit 802.11g, OFDM 54 Mbps, POUT = +16 dBm - 190 - mA
Transmit 802.11n, OFDM MCS7, POUT = +14 dBm - 180 - mA
Receive 802.11b/g/n - 95 ~ 100 - mA
Transmit BT/BLE, POUT = 0 dBm - 130 - mA
Receive BT/BLE - 95 ~ 100 - mA
5.6 WiFi Radio
Table 16: WiFi Radio Characteristics
Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Unit

note1
Operating frequency range - 2412 - 2484 MHz
note2
Output impedance - - note 2 - Ω
11n, MCS7 12 13 14 dBm
TX power note3
11b mode 18.5 19.5 20.5 dBm
11b, 1 Mbps - –98 - dBm
11b, 11 Mbps - –88 - dBm
11g, 6 Mbps - –93 - dBm
11g, 54 Mbps - –75 - dBm
Sensitivity
11n, HT20, MCS0 - –93 - dBm
11n, HT20, MCS7 - –73 - dBm
11n, HT40, MCS0 - –90 - dBm
11n, HT40, MCS7 - –70 - dBm

Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Unit

11g, 6 Mbps - 27 - dB
11g, 54 Mbps - 13 - dB
Adjacent channel rejection
11n, HT20, MCS0 - 27 - dB
11n, HT20, MCS7 - 12 - dB
1. Device should operate in the frequency range allocated by regional regulatory authorities. Target operating frequency
range is configurable by software.
2. The typical value of ESP32’s Wi-Fi radio output impedance is different between chips in different QFN packages. For
ESP32 chips with a QFN 6×6 package, the value is 30+j10 Ω. For ESP32 chips with a QFN 5×5 package, the value is
35+j10 Ω.
3. Target TX power is configurable based on device or certification requirements.
5.7 Bluetooth Radio

5.7.1 Receiver – Basic Data Rate
Table 17: Receiver Characteristics – Basic Data Rate
Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

Sensitivity @0.1% BER - –90 –89 –88 dBm
Maximum received signal @0.1% BER - 0 - - dBm
Co-channel C/I - - +7 - dB
F = F0 + 1 MHz - - –6 dB
F = F0 – 1 MHz - - –6 dB
F = F0 + 2 MHz - - –25 dB
Adjacent channel selectivity C/I
F = F0 – 2 MHz - - –33 dB
F = F0 + 3 MHz - - –25 dB
F = F0 – 3 MHz - - –45 dB
30 MHz ~ 2000 MHz –10 - - dBm
2000 MHz ~ 2400 MHz –27 - - dBm
Out-of-band blocking performance
2500 MHz ~ 3000 MHz –27 - - dBm
3000 MHz ~ 12.5 GHz –10 - - dBm
Intermodulation - –36 - - dBm
5.7.2 Transmitter – Basic Data Rate
Table 18: Transmitter Characteristics – Basic Data Rate

RF transmit power (see note under Table 18) - - 0 - dBm
Gain control step - - 3 - dB
RF power control range - –12 - +9 dBm
+20 dB bandwidth - - 0.9 - MHz
F = F0 ± 2 MHz - –47 - dBm
Adjacent channel transmit power F = F0 ± 3 MHz - –55 - dBm


F = F0 ± > 3 MHz - –60 - dBm
∆ f 1avg - - - 155 kHz
∆ f 2max - 133.7 - - kHz
∆ f 2avg /∆ f 1avg - - 0.92 - -
ICFT - - –7 - kHz
Drift rate - - 0.7 - kHz/50 µs
Drift (DH1) - - 6 - kHz
Drift (DH5) - - 6 - kHz
Note:
There are a total of eight power levels from 0 to 7, and the transmit power ranges from –12 dBm to 9 dBm. When the
power level rises by 1, the transmit power increases by 3 dB. Power level 4 is used by default and the corresponding
transmit power is 0 dBm.
5.7.3 Receiver – Enhanced Data Rate
Table 19: Receiver Characteristics – Enhanced Data Rate

π/4 DQPSK
Maximum received signal @0.01% BER - - 0 - dBm
Co-channel C/I - - 11 - dB
F = F0 + 1 MHz - –7 - dB
F = F0 – 1 MHz - –7 - dB
F = F0 + 2 MHz - –25 - dB
F = F0 – 2 MHz - –35 - dB
F = F0 + 3 MHz - –25 - dB
F = F0 – 3 MHz - –45 - dB
8DPSK
Maximum received signal @0.01% BER - - –5 - dBm
C/I c-channel - - 18 - dB
F = F0 + 1 MHz - 2 - dB
F = F0 – 1 MHz - 2 - dB
F = F0 + 2 MHz - –25 - dB
F = F0 – 2 MHz - –25 - dB
F = F0 + 3 MHz - –25 - dB
F = F0 – 3 MHz - –38 - dB
5.7.4 Transmitter – Enhanced Data Rate

Table 20: Transmitter Characteristics – Enhanced Data Rate

π/4 DQPSK max w0 - - –0.72 - kHz
π/4 DQPSK max wi - - –6 - kHz
π/4 DQPSK max |wi + w0| - - –7.42 - kHz
8DPSK max w0 - - 0.7 - kHz
8DPSK max wi - - –9.6 - kHz
8DPSK max |wi + w0| - - –10 - kHz
RMS DEVM - 4.28 - %
π/4 DQPSK modulation accuracy 99% DEVM - 100 - %
Peak DEVM - 13.3 - %
RMS DEVM - 5.8 - %
8 DPSK modulation accuracy 99% DEVM - 100 - %
Peak DEVM - 14 - %
F = F0 ± 1 MHz - –46 - dBm
F = F0 ± 2 MHz - –40 - dBm
In-band spurious emissions
F = F0 ± 3 MHz - –46 - dBm
F = F0 +/– > 3 MHz - - –53 dBm
EDR differential phase coding - - 100 - %
5.8 Bluetooth LE Radio

5.8.1 Receiver
Table 21: Receiver Characteristics – BLE

Sensitivity @30.8% PER - –94 –93 –92 dBm
Maximum received signal @30.8% PER - 0 - - dBm
Co-channel C/I - - +10 - dB
F = F0 + 1 MHz - –5 - dB
F = F0 – 1 MHz - –5 - dB
F = F0 + 2 MHz - –25 - dB
F = F0 – 2 MHz - –35 - dB
F = F0 + 3 MHz - –25 - dB
F = F0 – 3 MHz - –45 - dB
30 MHz ~ 2000 MHz –10 - - dBm
2000 MHz ~ 2400 MHz –27 - - dBm
Out-of-band blocking performance
2500 MHz ~ 3000 MHz –27 - - dBm
3000 MHz ~ 12.5 GHz –10 - - dBm
Intermodulation - –36 - - dBm

5.8.2 Transmitter
Table 22: Transmitter Characteristics – BLE

F = F0 ± 2 MHz - –52 - dBm
Adjacent channel transmit power F = F0 ± 3 MHz - –58 - dBm
F = F0 ± > 3 MHz - –60 - dBm
∆ f 1avg - - - 265 kHz
∆ f 2max - 247 - - kHz
∆ f 2avg /∆ f 1avg - - 0.92 - -
ICFT - - –10 - kHz
Drift rate - - 0.7 - kHz/50 µs
Drift - - 2 - kHz

6 Package Information
6 Package Information
Pin 1
Pin 2 Pin 1
Pin 3 Pin 2
Pin 3
Figure 8: QFN48 (6x6 mm) Package
Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 3 2 1
Figure 9: QFN48 (5x5 mm) Package
Note:
The pins of the chip are numbered in an anti-clockwise direction from Pin 1 in the top view.

7 Part Number and Ordering Information
7 Part Number and Ordering Information
ESP32 - D 0 WD H Q6 V3
Wafer version 3
Package
Q6=QFN 6*6
N/A=QFN 5*5
Connection
WD=Wi-Fi b/g/n + BT/BLE dual mode
Embedded flash
0=No embedded flash
2=2 MB flash
4=4 MB flash
Core
D=Dual core
S =Single core
Figure 10: ESP32 Part Number
The table below provides the ordering information of the ESP32 series of chips.
Table 23: ESP32 Ordering Information
Ordering code Core Embedded flash Package

ESP32-D0WD-V3 Dual core No embedded flash QFN 5*5
ESP32-D0WDQ6-V3 Dual core No embedded flash QFN 6*6
ESP32-D0WD Dual core No embedded flash QFN 5*5
ESP32-D0WDQ6 Dual core No embedded flash QFN 6*6
ESP32-D2WD Dual core 2 MB embedded flash (40 MHz) QFN 5*5
ESP32-S0WD Single core No embedded flash QFN 5*5
ESP32-U4WDH Single core 4 MB embedded flash (80 MHz) QFN 5*5
Note: All above chips support Wi-Fi b/g/n + BT/BLE Dual Mode connection.

8 Learning Resources
8 Learning Resources
8.1 MustRead Documents

Click on the following links to access documents related to ESP32.
• ESP32 ECO V3 User Guide

This document describes differences between V3 and previous ESP32 silicon wafer revisions.
• ECO and Workarounds for Bugs in ESP32

This document details hardware errata and workarounds in the ESP32.
• ESP-IDF Programming Guide

It hosts extensive documentation for ESP-IDF, ranging from hardware guides to API reference.
• ESP32 Technical Reference Manual

The manual provides detailed information on how to use the ESP32 memory and peripherals.
• ESP32 Hardware Resources

The zip files include schematics, PCB layout, Gerber and BOM list.
• ESP32 Hardware Design Guidelines

The guidelines provide recommended design practices when developing standalone or add-on systems
based on the ESP32 series of products, including the ESP32 chip, the ESP32 modules and development
boards.
• ESP32 AT Instruction Set and Examples

This document introduces the ESP32 AT commands, explains how to use them, and provides examples of
several common AT commands.
• Espressif Products Ordering Information
8.2 MustHave Resources

Here are the ESP32-related must-have resources.
• ESP32 BBS
This is an Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community for ESP32, where you can post questions, share
knowledge, explore ideas, and solve problems together with fellow engineers.
• ESP32 GitHub
ESP32 development projects are freely distributed under Espressif’s MIT license on GitHub. This channel of
communication has been established to help developers get started with ESP32 and encourage them to
share their knowledge of ESP32-related hardware and software.
• ESP32 Tools
This is a webpage where users can download ESP32 Flash Download Tools and the zip file ”ESP32
Certification and Test”.
• ESP-IDF
This webpage links users to the official IoT development framework for ESP32.
• ESP32 Resources
This webpage provides the links to all available ESP32 documents, SDK and tools.

Appendix A
Appendix A – ESP32 Pin Lists
A.1. Notes on ESP32 Pin Lists
Table 24: Notes on ESP32 Pin Lists
No. Description
In Table IO_MUX, the boxes highlighted in yellow indicate the GPIO pins that are input-only.
1
Please see the following note for further details.
GPIO pins 34-39 are input-only. These pins do not feature an output driver or internal pull-
2 up/pull-down circuitry. The pin names are: SENSOR_VP (GPIO36), SENSOR_CAPP (GPIO37),
SENSOR_CAPN (GPIO38), SENSOR_VN (GPIO39), VDET_1 (GPIO34), VDET_2 (GPIO35).
The pins are grouped into four power domains: VDDA (analog power supply), VDD3P3_RTC
(RTC power supply), VDD3P3_CPU (power supply of digital IOs and CPU cores), VDD_SDIO
(power supply of SDIO IOs). VDD_SDIO is the output of the internal SDIO-LDO. The voltage of
3
SDIO-LDO can be configured at 1.8 V or be the same as that of VDD3P3_RTC. The strapping
pin and eFuse bits determine the default voltage of the SDIO-LDO. Software can change the
voltage of the SDIO-LDO by configuring register bits. For details, please see the column “Power
Domain” in Table IO_MUX.
The functional pins in the VDD3P3_RTC domain are those with analog functions, including the
4 32 kHz crystal oscillator, ADC, DAC, and the capacitive touch sensor. Please see columns
“Analog Function 1~3” in Table IO_MUX.
These VDD3P3_RTC pins support the RTC function, and can work during Deep-sleep. For
5
example, an RTC-GPIO can be used for waking up the chip from Deep-sleep.
The GPIO pins support up to six digital functions, as shown in columns “Function 1~6” In Table
IO_MUX. The function selection registers will be set as “N-1”, where N is the function number.
Below are some definitions:
• SD_* is for signals of the SDIO slave.
• HS1_* is for Port 1 signals of the SDIO host.
• HS2_* is for Port 2 signals of the SDIO host.
6 • MT* is for signals of the JTAG.
• U0* is for signals of the UART0 module.
• SPI* is for signals of the SPI01 module.
• HSPI* is for signals of the SPI2 module.
• VSPI* is for signals of the SPI3 module.

Appendix A
No. Description
Each column about digital “Function” is accompanied by a column about “Type”. Please see
the following explanations for the meanings of “type” with respect to each “function” they are
associated with. For each “Function-N”, “type” signifies:
• I: input only. If a function other than “Function-N” is assigned, the input signal of
“Function-N” is still from this pin.
• I1: input only. If a function other than “Function-N” is assigned, the input signal of
“Function-N” is always “1”.
• I0: input only. If a function other than “Function-N” is assigned, the input signal of
“Function-N” is always “0”.
7
• O: output only.
• T: high-impedance.
• I/O/T: combinations of input, output, and high-impedance according to the function sig-
nal.
• I1/O/T: combinations of input, output, and high-impedance, according to the function
signal. If a function is not selected, the input signal of the function is “1”.
For example, pin 30 can function as HS1_CMD or SD_CMD, where HS1_CMD is of an “I1/O/T”
type. If pin 30 is selected as HS1_CMD, this pin’s input and output are controlled by the SDIO
host. If pin 30 is not selected as HS1_CMD, the input signal of the SDIO host is always “1”.
Each digital output pin is associated with its configurable drive strength. Column “Drive
Strength” in Table IO_MUX lists the default values. The drive strength of the digital output
pins can be configured into one of the following four options:
• 0: ~5 mA
8 • 1: ~10 mA
• 2: ~20 mA
• 3: ~40 mA
The default value is 2.
The drive strength of the internal pull-up (wpu) and pull-down (wpd) is ~75 µA.
Column “At Reset” in Table IO_MUX lists the status of each pin during reset, including input-
9 enable (ie=1), internal pull-up (wpu) and internal pull-down (wpd). During reset, all pins are
output-disabled.
Column “After Reset” in Table IO_MUX lists the status of each pin immediately after reset,
10 including input-enable (ie=1), internal pull-up (wpu) and internal pull-down (wpd). After reset,
each pin is set to “Function 1”. The output-enable is controlled by digital Function 1.
Table Ethernet_MAC is about the signal mapping inside Ethernet MAC. The Ethernet MAC
supports MII and RMII interfaces, and supports both the internal PLL clock and the external
11
clock source. For the MII interface, the Ethernet MAC is with/without the TX_ERR signal. MDC,
MDIO, CRS and COL are slow signals, and can be mapped onto any GPIO pin through the
GPIO-Matrix.
Table GPIO Matrix is for the GPIO-Matrix. The signals of the on-chip functional modules can
be mapped onto any GPIO pin. Some signals can be mapped onto a pin by both IO-MUX
12
and GPIO-Matrix, as shown in the column tagged as “Same input signal from IO_MUX core”
in Table GPIO Matrix.

Appendix A
No. Description
*In Table GPIO_Matrix�the column “Default Value if unassigned” records the default value of
the an input signal if no GPIO is assigned to it. The actual value is determined by register
13
GPIO_FUNCm_IN_INV_SEL and GPIO_FUNCm_IN_SEL. (The value of m ranges from 1 to
255.)
A.2. GPIO_Matrix
Table 25: GPIO_Matrix
Default Same input

Signal value if signal from Output enable of
No. Input signals unassigned* IO_MUX core Output signals output signals
0 SPICLK_in 0 yes SPICLK_out SPICLK_oe
1 SPIQ_in 0 yes SPIQ_out SPIQ_oe
2 SPID_in 0 yes SPID_out SPID_oe
3 SPIHD_in 0 yes SPIHD_out SPIHD_oe
4 SPIWP_in 0 yes SPIWP_out SPIWP_oe
5 SPICS0_in 0 yes SPICS0_out SPICS0_oe
6 SPICS1_in 0 no SPICS1_out SPICS1_oe
7 SPICS2_in 0 no SPICS2_out SPICS2_oe
8 HSPICLK_in 0 yes HSPICLK_out HSPICLK_oe
9 HSPIQ_in 0 yes HSPIQ_out HSPIQ_oe
10 HSPID_in 0 yes HSPID_out HSPID_oe
11 HSPICS0_in 0 yes HSPICS0_out HSPICS0_oe
12 HSPIHD_in 0 yes HSPIHD_out HSPIHD_oe
13 HSPIWP_in 0 yes HSPIWP_out HSPIWP_oe
14 U0RXD_in 0 yes U0TXD_out 1’d1
15 U0CTS_in 0 yes U0RTS_out 1’d1
16 U0DSR_in 0 no U0DTR_out 1’d1
23 I2S0O_BCK_in 0 no I2S0O_BCK_out 1’d1
24 I2S1O_BCK_in 0 no I2S1O_BCK_out 1’d1
25 I2S0O_WS_in 0 no I2S0O_WS_out 1’d1
26 I2S1O_WS_in 0 no I2S1O_WS_out 1’d1
27 I2S0I_BCK_in 0 no I2S0I_BCK_out 1’d1
28 I2S0I_WS_in 0 no I2S0I_WS_out 1’d1
29 I2CEXT0_SCL_in 1 no I2CEXT0_SCL_out 1’d1
30 I2CEXT0_SDA_in 1 no I2CEXT0_SDA_out 1’d1
31 pwm0_sync0_in 0 no sdio_tohost_int_out 1’d1
32 pwm0_sync1_in 0 no pwm0_out0a 1’d1
33 pwm0_sync2_in 0 no pwm0_out0b 1’d1
34 pwm0_f0_in 0 no pwm0_out1a 1’d1

Appendix A
Default Same input

35 pwm0_f1_in 0 no pwm0_out1b 1’d1
37 - 0 no pwm0_out2b 1’d1
39 pcnt_sig_ch0_in0 0 no - 1’d1
41 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in0 0 no - 1’d1
61 HSPICS1_in 0 no HSPICS1_out HSPICS1_oe
62 HSPICS2_in 0 no HSPICS2_out HSPICS2_oe
63 VSPICLK_in 0 yes VSPICLK_out_mux VSPICLK_oe
64 VSPIQ_in 0 yes VSPIQ_out VSPIQ_oe
65 VSPID_in 0 yes VSPID_out VSPID_oe
66 VSPIHD_in 0 yes VSPIHD_out VSPIHD_oe
67 VSPIWP_in 0 yes VSPIWP_out VSPIWP_oe
68 VSPICS0_in 0 yes VSPICS0_out VSPICS0_oe
69 VSPICS1_in 0 no VSPICS1_out VSPICS1_oe
70 VSPICS2_in 0 no VSPICS2_out VSPICS2_oe
71 pcnt_sig_ch0_in5 0 no ledc_hs_sig_out0 1’d1
73 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in5 0 no ledc_hs_sig_out2 1’d1

Appendix A
Default Same input

79 pcnt_sig_ch0_in7 0 no ledc_ls_sig_out0 1’d1
80 pcnt_sig_ch1_in7 0 no ledc_ls_sig_out1 1’d1
81 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in7 0 no ledc_ls_sig_out2 1’d1
82 pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in7 0 no ledc_ls_sig_out3 1’d1
83 rmt_sig_in0 0 no ledc_ls_sig_out4 1’d1
87 rmt_sig_in4 0 no rmt_sig_out0 1’d1
91 - - - rmt_sig_out4 1’d1
92 - - - rmt_sig_out6 1’d1
94 twai_rx 1 no rmt_sig_out7 1’d1
95 I2CEXT1_SCL_in 1 no I2CEXT1_SCL_out 1’d1
96 I2CEXT1_SDA_in 1 no I2CEXT1_SDA_out 1’d1
97 host_card_detect_n_1 0 no host_ccmd_od_pullup_en_n 1’d1
98 host_card_detect_n_2 0 no host_rst_n_1 1’d1
99 host_card_write_prt_1 0 no host_rst_n_2 1’d1
100 host_card_write_prt_2 0 no gpio_sd0_out 1’d1
101 host_card_int_n_1 0 no gpio_sd1_out 1’d1
102 host_card_int_n_2 0 no gpio_sd2_out 1’d1
103 pwm1_sync0_in 0 no gpio_sd3_out 1’d1
106 pwm1_f0_in 0 no gpio_sd6_out 1’d1
107 pwm1_f1_in 0 no gpio_sd7_out 1’d1
109 pwm0_cap0_in 0 no pwm1_out0b 1’d1
110 pwm0_cap1_in 0 no pwm1_out1a 1’d1
112 pwm1_cap0_in 0 no pwm1_out2a 1’d1
114 pwm1_cap2_in 0 no pwm2_out1h 1’d1
115 pwm2_flta 1 no pwm2_out1l 1’d1
116 pwm2_fltb 1 no pwm2_out2h 1’d1
117 pwm2_cap1_in 0 no pwm2_out2l 1’d1
118 pwm2_cap2_in 0 no pwm2_out3h 1’d1
119 pwm2_cap3_in 0 no pwm2_out3l 1’d1
120 pwm3_flta 1 no pwm2_out4h 1’d1

Appendix A
Default Same input

121 pwm3_fltb 1 no pwm2_out4l 1’d1
122 pwm3_cap1_in 0 no - 1’d1
123 pwm3_cap2_in 0 no twai_tx 1’d1
124 pwm3_cap3_in 0 no twai_bus_off_on 1’d1
125 - - - twai_clkout 1’d1
140 I2S0I_DATA_in0 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out0 1’d1
156 - - - I2S0O_DATA_out16 1’d1
157 - - - I2S0O_DATA_out17 1’d1
158 - - - I2S0O_DATA_out18 1’d1
159 - - - I2S0O_DATA_out19 1’d1
160 - - - I2S0O_DATA_out20 1’d1
161 - - - I2S0O_DATA_out21 1’d1
162 - - - I2S0O_DATA_out22 1’d1
163 - - - I2S0O_DATA_out23 1’d1
164 I2S1I_BCK_in 0 no I2S1I_BCK_out 1’d1
165 I2S1I_WS_in 0 no I2S1I_WS_out 1’d1

Appendix A
Default Same input

182 - - - I2S1O_DATA_out16 1’d1
183 - - - I2S1O_DATA_out17 1’d1
184 - - - I2S1O_DATA_out18 1’d1
185 - - - I2S1O_DATA_out19 1’d1
186 - - - I2S1O_DATA_out20 1’d1
187 - - - I2S1O_DATA_out21 1’d1
188 - - - I2S1O_DATA_out22 1’d1
189 - - - I2S1O_DATA_out23 1’d1
190 I2S0I_H_SYNC 0 no pwm3_out1h 1’d1
191 I2S0I_V_SYNC 0 no pwm3_out1l 1’d1
192 I2S0I_H_ENABLE 0 no pwm3_out2h 1’d1
193 I2S1I_H_SYNC 0 no pwm3_out2l 1’d1
194 I2S1I_V_SYNC 0 no pwm3_out3h 1’d1
195 I2S1I_H_ENABLE 0 no pwm3_out3l 1’d1
196 - - - pwm3_out4h 1’d1
197 - - - pwm3_out4l 1’d1
200 emac_mdc_i 0 no emac_mdc_o emac_mdc_oe
201 emac_mdi_i 0 no emac_mdo_o emac_mdo_o_e
202 emac_crs_i 0 no emac_crs_o emac_crs_oe
203 emac_col_i 0 no emac_col_o emac_col_oe
204 pcmfsync_in 0 no bt_audio0_irq 1’d1
205 pcmclk_in 0 no bt_audio1_irq 1’d1
206 pcmdin 0 no bt_audio2_irq 1’d1
207 - - - ble_audio0_irq 1’d1
210 - - - pcmfsync_out pcmfsync_en
211 - - - pcmclk_out pcmclk_en
212 - - - pcmdout pcmdout_en
213 - - - ble_audio_sync0_p 1’d1
224 - - - sig_in_func224 1’d1

Appendix A
Default Same input

225 - - - sig_in_func225 1’d1
226 - - - sig_in_func226 1’d1
227 - - - sig_in_func227 1’d1
228 - - - sig_in_func228 1’d1
A.3. Ethernet_MAC
Table 26: Ethernet_MAC
PIN Name Function6 MII (int_osc) MII (ext_osc) RMII (int_osc) RMII (ext_osc)
GPIO0 EMAC_TX_CLK TX_CLK (I) TX_CLK (I) CLK_OUT(O) EXT_OSC_CLK(I)
GPIO5 EMAC_RX_CLK RX_CLK (I) RX_CLK (I) - -
GPIO21 EMAC_TX_EN TX_EN(O) TX_EN(O) TX_EN(O) TX_EN(O)
GPIO19 EMAC_TXD0 TXD[0](O) TXD[0](O) TXD[0](O) TXD[0](O)
GPIO22 EMAC_TXD1 TXD[1](O) TXD[1](O) TXD[1](O) TXD[1](O)
MTMS EMAC_TXD2 TXD[2](O) TXD[2](O) - -
MTDI EMAC_TXD3 TXD[3](O) TXD[3](O) - -
MTCK EMAC_RX_ER RX_ER(I) RX_ER(I) - -
GPIO27 EMAC_RX_DV RX_DV(I) RX_DV(I) CRS_DV(I) CRS_DV(I)
GPIO25 EMAC_RXD0 RXD[0](I) RXD[0](I) RXD[0](I) RXD[0](I)
GPIO26 EMAC_RXD1 RXD[1](I) RXD[1](I) RXD[1](I) RXD[1](I)
U0TXD EMAC_RXD2 RXD[2](I) RXD[2](I) - -
MTDO EMAC_RXD3 RXD[3](I) RXD[3](I) - -
GPIO16 EMAC_CLK_OUT CLK_OUT(O) - CLK_OUT(O) -
GPIO17 EMAC_CLK_OUT_180 CLK_OUT_180(O) - CLK_OUT_180(O) -
GPIO4 EMAC_TX_ER TX_ERR(O)* TX_ERR(O)* - -
In GPIO Matrix* - MDC(O) MDC(O) MDC(O) MDC(O)
In GPIO Matrix* - MDIO(IO) MDIO(IO) MDIO(IO) MDIO(IO)
In GPIO Matrix* - CRS(I) CRS(I) - -
In GPIO Matrix* - COL(I) COL(I) - -
*Notes: 1. The GPIO Matrix can be any GPIO. 2. The TX_ERR (O) is optional.
A.4. IO_MUX
For the list of IO_MUX pins, please see the next page.

Espressif Systems
Appendix A
IO_MUX
Power Analog Analog Analog RTC RTC Drive Strength
Pin No. Analog Pin Digital Pin Power Domain Function1 Type Function2 Type Function3 Type Function4 Type Function5 Type Function6 Type At Reset After Reset
Supply Pin Function1 Function2 Function3 Function1 Function2 (2’d2: 20 mA)
1 VDDA VDDA supply in
2 LNA_IN VDD3P3
3 VDD3P3 VDD3P3 supply in
4 VDD3P3 VDD3P3 supply in
5 SENSOR_VP VDD3P3_RTC ADC_H ADC1_CH0 RTC_GPIO0 GPIO36 I GPIO36 I oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0
6 SENSOR_CAPP VDD3P3_RTC ADC_H ADC1_CH1 RTC_GPIO1 GPIO37 I GPIO37 I oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0
7 SENSOR_CAPN VDD3P3_RTC ADC_H ADC1_CH2 RTC_GPIO2 GPIO38 I GPIO38 I oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0
8 SENSOR_VN VDD3P3_RTC ADC_H ADC1_CH3 RTC_GPIO3 GPIO39 I GPIO39 I oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0
9 CHIP_PU VDD3P3_RTC
10 VDET_1 VDD3P3_RTC ADC1_CH6 RTC_GPIO4 GPIO34 I GPIO34 I oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0
11 VDET_2 VDD3P3_RTC ADC1_CH7 RTC_GPIO5 GPIO35 I GPIO35 I oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0
12 32K_XP VDD3P3_RTC XTAL_32K_P ADC1_CH4 TOUCH9 RTC_GPIO9 GPIO32 I/O/T GPIO32 I/O/T 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0
13 32K_XN VDD3P3_RTC XTAL_32K_N ADC1_CH5 TOUCH8 RTC_GPIO8 GPIO33 I/O/T GPIO33 I/O/T 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0
14 GPIO25 VDD3P3_RTC DAC_1 ADC2_CH8 RTC_GPIO6 GPIO25 I/O/T GPIO25 I/O/T EMAC_RXD0 I 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0
15 GPIO26 VDD3P3_RTC DAC_2 ADC2_CH9 RTC_GPIO7 GPIO26 I/O/T GPIO26 I/O/T EMAC_RXD1 I 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0
16 GPIO27 VDD3P3_RTC ADC2_CH7 TOUCH7 RTC_GPIO17 GPIO27 I/O/T GPIO27 I/O/T EMAC_RX_DV I 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0
17 MTMS VDD3P3_RTC ADC2_CH6 TOUCH6 RTC_GPIO16 MTMS I0 HSPICLK I/O/T GPIO14 I/O/T HS2_CLK O SD_CLK I0 EMAC_TXD2 O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1, wpu
18 MTDI VDD3P3_RTC ADC2_CH5 TOUCH5 RTC_GPIO15 MTDI I1 HSPIQ I/O/T GPIO12 I/O/T HS2_DATA2 I1/O/T SD_DATA2 I1/O/T EMAC_TXD3 O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpd oe=0, ie=1, wpd
19 VDD3P3_RTC VDD3P3_RTC supply in

20 MTCK VDD3P3_RTC ADC2_CH4 TOUCH4 RTC_GPIO14 MTCK I1 HSPID I/O/T GPIO13 I/O/T HS2_DATA3 I1/O/T SD_DATA3 I1/O/T EMAC_RX_ER I 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1, wpd
21 MTDO VDD3P3_RTC ADC2_CH3 TOUCH3 RTC_GPIO13 I2C_SDA MTDO O/T HSPICS0 I/O/T GPIO15 I/O/T HS2_CMD I1/O/T SD_CMD I1/O/T EMAC_RXD3 I 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu
22 GPIO2 VDD3P3_RTC ADC2_CH2 TOUCH2 RTC_GPIO12 I2C_SCL GPIO2 I/O/T HSPIWP I/O/T GPIO2 I/O/T HS2_DATA0 I1/O/T SD_DATA0 I1/O/T 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpd oe=0, ie=1, wpd
23 GPIO0 VDD3P3_RTC ADC2_CH1 TOUCH1 RTC_GPIO11 I2C_SDA GPIO0 I/O/T CLK_OUT1 O GPIO0 I/O/T EMAC_TX_CLK I 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu
24 GPIO4 VDD3P3_RTC ADC2_CH0 TOUCH0 RTC_GPIO10 I2C_SCL GPIO4 I/O/T HSPIHD I/O/T GPIO4 I/O/T HS2_DATA1 I1/O/T SD_DATA1 I1/O/T EMAC_TX_ER O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpd oe=0, ie=1, wpd
25 GPIO16 VDD_SDIO GPIO16 I/O/T GPIO16 I/O/T HS1_DATA4 I1/O/T U2RXD I1 EMAC_CLK_OUT O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1
60
26 VDD_SDIO VDD_SDIO supply out/in

27 GPIO17 VDD_SDIO GPIO17 I/O/T GPIO17 I/O/T HS1_DATA5 I1/O/T U2TXD O EMAC_CLK_OUT_180 O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1
28 SD_DATA_2 VDD_SDIO SD_DATA2 I1/O/T SPIHD I/O/T GPIO9 I/O/T HS1_DATA2 I1/O/T U1RXD I1 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu
29 SD_DATA_3 VDD_SDIO SD_DATA3 I0/O/T SPIWP I/O/T GPIO10 I/O/T HS1_DATA3 I1/O/T U1TXD O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu
30 SD_CMD VDD_SDIO SD_CMD I1/O/T SPICS0 I/O/T GPIO11 I/O/T HS1_CMD I1/O/T U1RTS O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu
31 SD_CLK VDD_SDIO SD_CLK I0 SPICLK I/O/T GPIO6 I/O/T HS1_CLK O U1CTS I1 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu
32 SD_DATA_0 VDD_SDIO SD_DATA0 I1/O/T SPIQ I/O/T GPIO7 I/O/T HS1_DATA0 I1/O/T U2RTS O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu
33 SD_DATA_1 VDD_SDIO SD_DATA1 I1/O/T SPID I/O/T GPIO8 I/O/T HS1_DATA1 I1/O/T U2CTS I1 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu
34 GPIO5 VDD3P3_CPU GPIO5 I/O/T VSPICS0 I/O/T GPIO5 I/O/T HS1_DATA6 I1/O/T EMAC_RX_CLK I 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu
35 GPIO18 VDD3P3_CPU GPIO18 I/O/T VSPICLK I/O/T GPIO18 I/O/T HS1_DATA7 I1/O/T 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1
36 GPIO23 VDD3P3_CPU GPIO23 I/O/T VSPID I/O/T GPIO23 I/O/T HS1_STROBE I0 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1
37 VDD3P3_CPU VDD3P3_CPU supply in

38 GPIO19 VDD3P3_CPU GPIO19 I/O/T VSPIQ I/O/T GPIO19 I/O/T U0CTS I1 EMAC_TXD0 O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1
39 GPIO22 VDD3P3_CPU GPIO22 I/O/T VSPIWP I/O/T GPIO22 I/O/T U0RTS O EMAC_TXD1 O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1
40 U0RXD VDD3P3_CPU U0RXD I1 CLK_OUT2 O GPIO3 I/O/T 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu
41 U0TXD VDD3P3_CPU U0TXD O CLK_OUT3 O GPIO1 I/O/T EMAC_RXD2 I 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu
42 GPIO21 VDD3P3_CPU GPIO21 I/O/T VSPIHD I/O/T GPIO21 I/O/T EMAC_TX_EN O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1
44 XTAL_N VDDA
45 XTAL_P VDDA

47 CAP2 VDDA
48 CAP1 VDDA
Total
8 14 26
Number
Notes:
• wpu: weak pull-up;
• wpd: weak pull-down;
• ie: input enable;
• oe: output enable;
• Please see Table: Notes on ESP32 Pin Lists for more information.（请参考表：管脚清单说明。）
Espressif www.espressif.com
Revision History
Revision History
Date Version Release notes

Updated Figure 1: Functional Block Diagram
Updated Table 14: Reliability Qualifications
Updated Figure 4: ESP32 Power Scheme
2021-03-19 V3.6 Updated Table 12: Recommended Operating Conditions
Updated the notes below Table 2: Power Scheme
Provided more information about TWAI® in Table 5, Table 10, Table 8.2, and Sec-
tion 4.1
Updated the description for CAP2 from 3 nF to 3.3 nF
Added TWAI® in Section 1.4.3: Advanced Peripheral Interfaces
2021-01-22 V3.5
Updated Figure 1: Functional Block Diagram
Updated the reset values for MTCK, MTMS, GPIO27 in Appendix IO_MUX
Added one chip variant: ESP32-U4WDH
2020-04-27 V3.4 Updated some figures in Table 6, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22
Added a note under Table 18
Added two chip variants: ESP32-D0WD-V3 and ESP32-D0WDQ6-V3.
2020.01 V3.3
Added a note under Table 7.
2019.10 V3.2 Updated Figure 5: ESP32 Power-up and Reset Timing.
Added pin-pin mapping between ESP32-D2WD and the embedded flash under
2019.07 V3.1 Table 1 Pin Description;
Updated Figure 10 ESP32 Part Number.
Added information about the setup and hold times for the strapping pins in Section
2019.04 V3.0
2.4: Strapping Pins.
Applied new formatting to Table 1: Pin Description;
2019.02 V2.9 Fixed typos with respect to the ADC1 channel mappings in Table 10: Peripheral
Pin Configurations.
Changed the RF power control range in Table 18, Table 20 and Table 22 from –12
2019.01 V2.8 ~ +12 to –12 ~ +9 dBm;
Small text changes.
Updated Section 1.5;
2018.11 V2.7
Updated pin statuses at reset and after reset in Table IO_MUX.
2018.10 V2.6 Updated QFN package drawings in Chapter 6: Package Information.
• Added ”Cumulative IO output current” entry to Table 11: Absolute Maximum
Ratings;
2018.08 V2.5 • Added more parameters to Table 13: DC Characteristics;
• Changed the power domain names in Table IO_MUX to be consistent with
the pin names.

Revision History

• Deleted information on Packet Traffic Arbitration (PTA);
• Added Figure 5: ESP32 Power-up and Reset Timing in Section 2.3: Power
Scheme;
2018.07 V2.4
• Added the power consumption of dual-core SoCs in Table 6: Power Con-
sumption by Power Modes;
• Updated section 4.1.2: Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC).
Added the power consumption at CPU frequency of 160 MHz in Table 6: Power
2018.06 V2.3
Consumption by Power Modes.
• Changed the voltage range of VDD3P3_RTC from 1.8-3.6V to 2.3-3.6V in
Table 1: Pin Description;
• Updated Section 2.3: Power Scheme;
• Updated Section 3.1.3: External Flash and SRAM;
• Updated Table 6: Power Consumption by Power Modes;
• Deleted content about temperature sensor;
Changes to electrical characteristics:
• Updated Table 11: Absolute Maximum Ratings;
• Added Table 12: Recommended Operating Conditions;
2018.05 V2.2
• Added Table 13: DC Characteristics;
• Added Table 14: Reliability Qualifications;
• Updated the values of ”Gain control step” and ”Adjacent channel transmit
power” in Table 18: Transmitter Characteristics - Basic Data Rate;
• Updated the values of ”Gain control step”, ”π/4 DQPSK modulation accu-
racy”, ”8 DPSK modulation accuracy” and ”In-band spurious emissions” in
Table 20: Transmitter Characteristics – Enhanced Data Rate;
• Updated the values of ”Gain control step”, ”Adjacent channel transmit
power” in Table 22: Transmitter Characteristics - BLE.
• Deleted software-specific features;
• Deleted information on LNA pre-amplifier;
2018.01 V2.1
• Specified the CPU speed and flash speed of ESP32-D2WD;
• Added notes to Section 2.3: Power Scheme.
2017.12 V2.0 Added a note on the sequence of pin number in Chapter 6.
• Updated the description of the pin CHIP_PU in Table 1;
• Added a note to Section 2.3: Power Scheme;
• Updated the description of the chip’s system reset in Section 2.4: Strapping
2017.10 V1.9 Pins;
• Added a description of antenna diversity and selection to Section 3.5.1;
• Deleted ”Association sleep pattern” in Table 6 and added notes to Active
sleep and Modem-sleep.
• Added Table 4.2 in Section 4;
2017.08 V1.8
• Corrected a typo in Figure 1.

Revision History

• Changed the transmitting power to +12 dBm; the sensitivity of NZIF receiver
to -97 dBm in Section 1.3;
• Added a note to Table 1 Pin Description;
• Added 160 MHz clock frequency in section 3.1.1;
• Changed the transmitting power from 21 dBm to 20.5 dBm in Section 3.5.1;
• Changed the dynamic control range of class-1, class-2 and class-3 transmit
output powers to ”up to 24 dBm”; and changed the dynamic range of NZIF
receiver sensitivity to ”over 97 dB” in Section 3.6.1;
• Updated Table 6: Power Consumption by Power Modes, and added two
notes to it;
2017.08 V1.7 • Updated sections 4.1.1, 4.1.9;
• Updated Table 15: RF Power Consumption Specifications, and changed the
duty cycle on which the transmitters’ measurements are based by 50%.
• Updated Table 16: Wi-Fi Radio Characteristics and added a note on “Output
impedance” to it;
• Updated parameter ”Sensitivity” in Table 17, 19, 21;
• Updated parameters ”RF transmit power” and ”RF power control range”,
and added parameter ”Gain control step” in Table 18, 20, 22;
• Deleted Chapters: ”Touch Sensor” and ”Code Examples”;
• Added a link to certification download.
Corrected two typos:
2017.06 V1.6 • Changed the number of external components to 20 in Section 1.1.2;
• Changed the number of GPIO pins to 34 in Section 4.1.1.
• Changed the power supply range in Section: 1.4.1 CPU and Memory;
• Updated the note in Section 2.3: Power Scheme;
2017.06 V1.5
• Changed the drive strength values of the digital output pins in Note 8, in
Table 24: Notes on ESP32 Pin Lists;
• Added the option to subscribe for notifications of documentation changes.
• Added a note to the frequency of the external crystal oscillator in Section
1.4.2: Clocks and Timers;
• Added a note to Section 2.4: Strapping Pins;
• Updated Section 3.7: RTC and Low-Power Management;
• Changed the maximum driving capability from 12 mA to 80 mA, in Table 11:
2017.05 V1.4
Absolulte Maximum Ratings;
• Changed the input impedance value of 50Ω, in Table 16: Wi-Fi Radio Char-
acteristics, to output impedance value of 30+j10 Ω;
• Added a note to No.8 in Table 24: Notes on ESP32 Pin Lists;
• Deleted GPIO20 in Table IO_MUX.
• Added Appendix: ESP32 Pin Lists;
2017.04 V1.3 • Updated Table: Wi-Fi Radio Characteristics;
• Updated Figure: ESP32 Pin Layout (for QFN 5*5).

Revision History

• Added a note to Table: Pin Description;
2017.03 V1.2
• Updated the note in Section: Internal Memory.
• Added Chapter: Part Number and Ordering Information;
• Updated Section: MCU and Advanced Features;
• Updated Section: Block Diagram;
• Updated Chapter: Pin Definitions;
2017.02 V1.1 • Updated Section: CPU and Memory;
• Updated Section: Audio PLL Clock;
• Updated Section: Absolute Maximum Ratings;
• Updated Chapter: Package Information;
• Updated Chapter: Learning Resources.
2016.08 V1.0 First release.

Disclaimer and Copyright Notice
Information in this document, including URL references, is subject to change without notice.
ALL THIRD PARTY’S INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED AS IS WITH NO
WARRANTIES TO ITS AUTHENTICITY AND ACCURACY.
NO WARRANTY IS PROVIDED TO THIS DOCUMENT FOR ITS MERCHANTABILITY, NON-
INFRINGEMENT, FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NOR DOES ANY WARRANTY
OTHERWISE ARISING OUT OF ANY PROPOSAL, SPECIFICATION OR SAMPLE.
All liability, including liability for infringement of any proprietary rights, relating to use of information
in this document is disclaimed. No licenses express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any
intellectual property rights are granted herein.
The Wi-Fi Alliance Member logo is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. The Bluetooth logo is a
registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG.
All trade names, trademarks and registered trademarks mentioned in this document are property
www.espressif.com of their respective owners, and are hereby acknowledged.
Copyright © 2021 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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ESP32 Series

Documentation Change Notification

Espressif Systems 3 ESP32 Series Datasheet V3.6

3.6.2 Bluetooth Interface 29

4 Peripherals and Sensors 32

Espressif Systems 4 ESP32 Series Datasheet V3.6

7 Part Number and Ordering Information 50

Appendix A – ESP32 Pin Lists 52

Espressif Systems 5 ESP32 Series Datasheet V3.6

Espressif Systems 6 ESP32 Series Datasheet V3.6

Espressif Systems 7 ESP32 Series Datasheet V3.6

The ESP32 series of chips includes ESP32-D0WD-V3, ESP32-D0WDQ6-V3, ESP32-D0WD, ESP32-D0WDQ6,

1.1 Featured Solutions

1.1.2 Complete Integration Solution

1.2 Wi­Fi Key Features

• 802.11 n (2.4 GHz), up to 150 Mbps

• TX/RX A-MPDU, RX A-MSDU

• Immediate Block ACK

Espressif Systems 8 ESP32 Series Datasheet V3.6

• Automatic Beacon monitoring (hardware TSF)

• 4 × virtual Wi-Fi interfaces

• Simultaneous support for Infrastructure Station, SoftAP, and Promiscuous modes

1.3 BT Key Features

• Class-1, class-2 and class-3 transmitter without external power amplifier

• Enhanced Power Control

• +12 dBm transmitting power

• NZIF receiver with –94 dBm BLE sensitivity

• Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH)

• Standard HCI based on SDIO/SPI/UART

• High-speed UART HCI, up to 4 Mbps

• Bluetooth 4.2 BR/EDR BLE dual mode controller

• Synchronous Connection-Oriented/Extended (SCO/eSCO)

• CVSD and SBC for audio codec

• Bluetooth Piconet and Scatternet

• Multi-connections in Classic BT and BLE

• Simultaneous advertising and scanning

1.4 MCU and Advanced Features

• QSPI supports multiple flash/SRAM chips

Espressif Systems 9 ESP32 Series Datasheet V3.6

1.4.2 Clocks and Timers

• Internal RC oscillator with calibration

• External 32 kHz crystal oscillator for RTC with calibration

• One RTC timer

1.4.3 Advanced Peripheral Interfaces

• 12-bit SAR ADC up to 18 channels

• Two-Wire Automotive Interface (TWAI® , compatible with ISO11898-1)

• LED PWM up to 16 channels

• 1024-bit OTP, up to 768-bit for customers

• Cryptographic hardware acceleration:

Espressif Systems 10 ESP32 Series Datasheet V3.6

– Random Number Generator (RNG)

1.5 Applications (A Non­exhaustive List)

• Generic Low-power IoT Data Loggers • Audio Applications

• Cameras for Video Streaming – Internet music players

– Industrial wireless control – Smart watches

– Industrial robotics – Smart bracelets

• Smart Agriculture • Retail & Catering Applications

– Smart greenhouses – POS machines

– Smart irrigation – Service robots

1.2 WiFi Key Features

1.5 Applications (A Nonexhaustive List)

Figure 5: ESP32 Powerup and Reset Timing

Table 2: Description of ESP32 Powerup and Reset Timing Parameters