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04 Transformation of Function Notes

This document describes different types of transformations of functions: 1. Translations move the graph left or right (horizontally) by adding or subtracting a value k from the x-variable, or up and down (vertically) by adding or subtracting k from the y-variable (function value). 2. Reflections flip the graph across the x-axis by changing the sign of y, or across the y-axis by changing the sign of x. 3. Enlargements and reductions stretch or shrink the graph vertically by multiplying y by a scale factor k, or horizontally by multiplying x by k. Enlargements use k>1 and reductions use 0<k<1.

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95 views3 pages

04 Transformation of Function Notes

This document describes different types of transformations of functions: 1. Translations move the graph left or right (horizontally) by adding or subtracting a value k from the x-variable, or up and down (vertically) by adding or subtracting k from the y-variable (function value). 2. Reflections flip the graph across the x-axis by changing the sign of y, or across the y-axis by changing the sign of x. 3. Enlargements and reductions stretch or shrink the graph vertically by multiplying y by a scale factor k, or horizontally by multiplying x by k. Enlargements use k>1 and reductions use 0<k<1.

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m
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Math_CP/Transformation of Function/Page 1

Mathematics Core Part


Transformation of Functions

Name: ________________________________ Class: ___________________ ( )

1. Translation
(a) Translates vertically (the value of y change !)

If g ( x) = f ( x) + k , where k > 0, then the graph If g ( x) = f ( x) − k , where k > 0, then the graph
of y = g (x) can be obtained by translating the of y = g (x) can be obtained by translating the
graph of y = f (x) upwards by k units. graph of y = f (x) downwards by k units.

g ( x) = f ( x) + k g ( x) = f ( x) − k
Translate upwards by k units Translate downwards by k units

(b) Translates horizontally (the value of x change !)

If g ( x) = f ( x + k ) , where k > 0, then the graph If g ( x) = f ( x − k ) , where k > 0, then the graph
of y = g (x) can be obtained by translating the of y = g (x) can be obtained by translating the
graph of y = f (x) leftwards by k units. graph of y = f (x) rightwards by k units.

g ( x) = f ( x + k ) g ( x) = f ( x − k )
Translate leftwards by k units Translate rightwards by k units
Math_CP/Transformation of Function/Page 2

2. Reflection
(a) Reflect about the x-axis (the sign of y change !)

If H ( x) = − f ( x) , then the graph of y = H (x) can be obtained by reflecting the graph of


y = f (x) about x – axis.

H ( x) = − f ( x)
Reflect about x-axis

(b) Reflect about the y-axis (the sign of x change !)

If H ( x) = f (− x) , then the graph of y = H (x) can be obtained by reflecting the graph of


y = f (x) about y – axis.

H ( x) = f (− x)
Reflect about y-axis
Math_CP/Transformation of Function/Page 3

3. Enlargement and Reduction


(a) Enlargement and Reduction along y-axis
If g ( x) = kf ( x) , where k > 1, then the graph of If g ( x) = kf ( x) , where 0 < k < 1, then the
y = g (x) can be obtained by enlarging the graph of y = g (x) can be obtained by reducing
graph of y = f (x) along y-axis to k times the the graph of y = f (x) along y-axis to k times
original. the original.

g ( x) = kf ( x) g ( x) = kf ( x)
Enlarge along y-axis to k times the original Reduce along y-axis to k times the original

(b) Enlargement and Reduction along x-axis


If g ( x) = f (kx) , where k > 1, then the graph of If g ( x) = f (kx) , where 0 < k < 1, then the
y = g (x) can be obtained by reducing the graph graph of y = g (x) can be obtained by enlarging
1 1
of y = f (x) along x-axis to times the the graph of y = f (x) along x-axis to
k k
original. times the original.

g ( x) = f (kx) g ( x) = f (kx)
1 1
Reduce along x-axis to times the original Enlarge along x-axis to times the original
k k

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