The first caricature, depicts the manifestation of power , As we can notice, the crown represents the

power of the priest and passing it among his companion. Actually not just a priest but a ruler that crown
is composed of both authority and power and at that time the americans we're the colonizers of the
philippines. On that period americans believe that they are superior than Filipinos for the reason that
they hold a power and authority to lead and colonized that philippines.

Moreover. The caricature was entitled “ The independent” for the reason that Filipinos are not. The
word independent was referring to those invader to our country. Nonetheless, they have a lot of
opportunity and power to colonized our beloved country. At this era filipinos are powerless. Having said
that americans are superior and Filipinos are inferior for the fact that we are obeying the americans but
it is just because they used their connections and power to make us weak and powerless.

The author tends to portray in the caricature the manipulation of the oppressors to oppressed the
Filipinos. It also shows the manifestion of authority to pass it to the person you looking up to but not to
those people who deserve it. A power that is hereditary or also called as Family dictatorship, a transition
of power within a family is very popular at this period.

1. What does the cartoon shows?

- The cartoon shows a politician from Tondo, named Dr. Santos, passing his crown to his brother in law,
Dr. Barcelona. On the other side, a Filipino guy wearing a salakot and barong tagalog was trying to stop
Santos, telling the latter to stop giving Barcelona the crown because it is not his to belong with.

2. What is the cartoon referring to?

- The cartoon refers to "a public post is not a hereditary crown". This can be related to political dynasty.
As political dynasty is defined it is "a family of politicians who serve in one place or country and are able
to pass or extend government positions to kin for the purpose of expanding and maintaining its hold on
power." Which can be seen in the picture when Dr. Santos is passing his crown to his own relative, his
brother in law. Another one the cartoon refers to is power and authority. It shows how Filipinos lacked
power at that time and inferior over the Americans. This also shows how there is no equal rights to the
position in the government if there is a political dynasty. People especially Filipinos don't have the
choice to vote for who they want as the government position were only limited to Americans and rich
people at that time.

3. What is happening to the country at time that the cartoon was published?

- The cartoon was published in The Independent on May 20,1916. The Philippines in terms of political
dynasties and power can be traced back during the time of Spanish colonialism. Although it was the
Spaniards who inadvertently laid the ground for the contemporary political dynasties in the Philippines,
it was the Americans who actually formalized it.

Americans is the one who introduced elections to the Philippines, but only gave suffrage rights to the
principalia.
Principalia refers to gobernadorcillios and cabeza de barangay.

Social Class

• Elite/ Aristocracy (Principalia- the higher class)

》 Sold and donated to the friars the public lands that were originally tilled by their subjects, effectively
enriching themselves and gaining more political capital and favor from the religious orders.

》 Enjoyed official benefits and privileges. They were exempted from paying tributes, taxes, or doing
forced labor

》 The status of being principalia was hereditary—including the government positions they held.

》 Were given houses in prominent locations in the cabecera, which was either in front or beside the
church. Up to now, houses beside or in front of a church are considered prime locations in any
community, signifying wealth and prominence of social status.

Proletariat/ Proletarians (Filipino- lower class)

》 Government positions were also limited to Americans and members of the principalia. This resulted
in the widening gap between rich and poor Filipinos, especially with the principalia working in politics for
their own interest.

1. What are the important symbols or characters in the cartoon; what do they represent?

-The Filipino child is represent as Filipinos who suffering from poverty and hunger; the police officer is
represent as unfair justice and unlawful in Philippines; Juan dela Cruz is the speak for the right of the
poor Filipino and what the Filipino what they want to speak out.

2. What is the cartoon referring to?

-The justice is for the rich and powerful people and the poor Filipino sometime have no choice, they
steal food, money etch. and commit crimes just to have food. Many entrepreneurs exploit the
consumer,they don’t have humanity. they rob their own compatriot.

3.What is happening to the country at time that the cartoon published?

• Hoarding food supply, merchants buy multiple products at low prices and then their prices rise,
it is not possible to sell these traders at higher prices as supply is tight and demand is high. That could
lead to out of stock of food but higher demand and increase price of food but law salary of most Filipino
workers, this is the reason why poor Filipinos are become more poorer and the rich are become richer.
There is hoarding case in the Philippines and one of this same scenario is about the issue of 40,000 bags
of hoarded rice seized in Iligan City. Some 40,000 bags of rice were seized by the government from
hoarders in Iligan City following an intensified campaign against illegal rice trading in the country, which
is being considered as the primary reason for the continued increase in rice prices. One of most reason
why the crime rate in Philippines become higher is because of puberty and the Filipino is suffering more
because of corruption.

4. What does the title mean?

-War against speculator it means that the caricature it aims to detect and deter illegal manipulation
by product speculators, the type of practices that many Democrats blame for the high cost of products
in the Philippines.

5. What is the purpose of the artist of the cartoon?

-To show the reality in the Philippines to the Filipinos who blind for the truth and the cartoon is not
to amuse you but to persuade you for fight what is right. The cartoon thinks about current events, but it
also tries to sway your opinion toward the cartoonist's point of view about the issue of hoarding.

6. What is the main message of the cartoon?

When a person who has no money, he can do everything just for food or anything that he needs even
if it is against his will to do something.

1. What are the important symbols or characters in the cartoon; what do they represent?

-Every character in the picture represents a lot of meaning of being a Filipino. The person inside the car
represents a Filipino having a discourteous behaviour in streets which is making a quiet noise in
nowadays because of causing a lot of trouble and accidents in road.

The cartoon represents the automobiles that become a popular mode of transportation in the city and
led to the emergence of taxis.

2. What is the cartoon referring to?

-the pictures refereeing to all colorum and illegal transportation in our country like jeepneys, Van ,
tricycle and many more public transportation.

- The cartoon was a commentary on the unprecedented case of colorum automobiles in the city.
The rules governing the issuance of driver’s license was loose and traffic police could not be bothered by
rampant violations of traffic rules. This resulted in the increasing colorum and unlicensed vehicle
transporting people around the city.

3. What is happening to the country at time that the cartoon published?

- In fact the photo was inspired in what real life when it comes to issue trouble in the road including
traffic, Accidents, and the like. This pictures is just simple showing how colorum issues becoming making
a loud noise which lead to artist to show their reflections and arts in countries facing issues.

- this led to the drastic urbanization of the Philippine History.

- The artist aims to show what is the real thing issue in the Philippine politics in a very artistic way to
let the people give a warning and information and also to let the people became aware of the things we
must set a side. Sometimes though we are in a democratic country some political things resist us to
show and speak up when it come this issues that’s why artist made a way to show us and gives us
information.