PHIL CARTOONS American Era Caricature 1

Philippine Cartoons:
POLITICAL CARICATURE OF THE AMERICAN ERA 1900-1941

Author/Creator: Alfred McCoy
Reported by:
Elena R. Javate
12 December 2017
Author’s
Background
Alfred McCoy
(Author/Creator)
Alfredo Roces
(Contributor/Book Designer)
 Born June 8, 1945
 Professor of History at the University of

Wisconsin who specializes in S.E. Asia
 Graduated from the Kent School in 1964;

earned his B.A. from Columbia College and
his Ph.D. in Southeast Asian history from
Yale University in 1977
 In 2001, was awarded the Grant Goodman

Prize for his career contributions to the
study of the Philippines by the Association
for Asian Studies
Alfred McCoy  In October 2012, was awarded the Wilbur

(Author/Creator) Lucius Cross Medall by Yale
University's Graduate School Alumni
Association
 Born on April 29, 1932 (Sta. Cruz, Manila)
 Married Irene Pineda on May 24, 1958 and has

three daughters
 A gifted artist-writer
 Author of "Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo and the

Generation of 1972“, the National Book Award-
winning title
 Lost his job in 1972 when Manila Times closed

down but begged off jobs in Marcos’ papers
 Became editor-in-chief of the Filipino Heritage, a

ten-volume study on Philippine History and
Culture until 1978
Alfredo Roces
(Contributor/Book Designer)  Currently a freelance artist and writer, Alfredo or
Ding, as he is fondly called, has been living in
Australia since 1977.
Etymology & Evolution
16th Cent: ”Cartone” (Italian Renaissance)
Preliminary layout for a mural
(Michaelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci)
“Caricatura”
(prominent features are emphasized to the extent
that individuals appear comic or absurd)
(Agostino and Annibale Carracci)
later exported into other countries (France, England)
19th Cent: British weekly “Punch”

“graphic satires or funny pictures”
Today: includes all types of comics and film

animation
“Cartoons are called the slang of
graphic art. Like verbal slang
they tend to rely for their impact
on spontaneity, playfulness,
popular imagery and often
deliberate vulgarity.”
(John Geipel)
POLITICAL CARTOONS:
Its Emergence
Gained mass currency with the establishment of
the printing press
Printed Image = Political Satire/Commentary

(can be relished in private or circulated extensively)
Social climate ripe for political cartoons

(troublous times + healthy opportunities for
free expression)
POLITICAL CARTOONS:
Publications during the American Era
 El Renacimiento (Ilustrados)
Fernando Amorsolo
 Philippine Free Press (Uncle Sam)

Jose Pereira
E.Z. Izon
 Lipang Kalabaw (Juan dela Cruz)

Jorge Pineda
Graphic, Liwayway, The Herald, etc.

POLITICAL CARTOONS:
Concept & Content
 Socio-cultural concerns
- changing morals of the youth
- Changing tastes and attitudes
 Manila: discomforts and decadence

floods, police corruption
lending scandals (PNB)
public hospital system
American sports
 Political and Economic Sentiments

Recuerdos de la Visita (Lipang Kalabaw, 05 Dec 1908)
A Public Post is Not a Hereditary Crown (The Independent , 20 May 1916)
Is The Police Force Bribed? (The Independent , 09 June 1917)
Death Cars (Free Press )
The Same Old Story (Free Press , 19 Sept 1936)
A New Wrinkle in the Art of Thieving (The Independent, 04 Jan. 1922)
The People’s Interests Supreme (Phil. Free Press, 24 Sept. 1927)
Equal Work, Unequal Salary, Why? (23 Oct. 1915)
The Loyalty of the Filipinos (The Independent, 14 April 1917)
Knives Out for It (1932)
Heroes All! (Free Press, 03 Jan. 1942/23 Feb. 1946)
POLITICAL CARTOONS: IN ESSENCE
Mirror of
society’s social
condition
A weapon in the
An act of
struggle for social
protest
reform
Political cartoon often
embodies the “truest history
of the time”.
(Ralph Waldo Emerson)

Learning Experiences: Bases for Actions
 Exposure to exciting trivia which I hope to impart to my
students
 Realization that our country is beset by age-old problems

(colorum, sanitation, floods, etc.). To heighten
encouragement of personal commitment among my
students to become effective problem-solvers and hence
contriibute to social reforms.
 Realization that political cartoons are potent and meaningful

sources of learning.
* To incorporate political cartoons in the lesson
* To allow students to express their historical
involvement through cartoon sketches
(recognition of Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory)
C ultural
C aricatures
A artifacts
A re R arely
R epresentations of the I ncluded
C onsidered and
T rue history
A nalyzed
O f
T o
O ur
U nderstand history’s
N ation R elevance and
E ssence
References:
Ignacio, Abe; de la Cruz, E.; Emmanuel, J.; and Toribio, H. (2004). The
Forbidden Book: The Philippine-American War in Political
Cartoons. San Francisco, California, USA: T’boli Publishing and
Distribution.
McCoy, Alfred W. and de Jesus, Ed. C. (eds.) (2001). Philippine Social

History: Global Trade and Local Transformations. Ateneo de Manila
University Press.
McCoy, Alfred W. and Roces, Alfredo (1985). Philippine Cartoons: Political

Caricature of the American Era 1900-1941. Quezon City, Philippines:
Vera- Reyes, Inc.
http://www.creativebloq.com/illustration/doodle-art-912775?page=1
https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/87928.Alfred_W_McCoy
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3004055-philippine- cartoons

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Philippine Cartoons:

POLITICAL CARICATURE OF THE AMERICAN ERA 1900-1941

 Professor of History at the University of

 Graduated from the Kent School in 1964;

 In 2001, was awarded the Grant Goodman

Alfred McCoy  In October 2012, was awarded the Wilbur

 Married Irene Pineda on May 24, 1958 and has

 Author of "Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo and the

 Lost his job in 1972 when Manila Times closed

 Became editor-in-chief of the Filipino Heritage, a

later exported into other countries (France, England)

19th Cent: British weekly “Punch”

Today: includes all types of comics and film

Printed Image = Political Satire/Commentary

Social climate ripe for political cartoons

 Philippine Free Press (Uncle Sam)

 Lipang Kalabaw (Juan dela Cruz)

Graphic, Liwayway, The Herald, etc.

 Manila: discomforts and decadence

 Political and Economic Sentiments

(Ralph Waldo Emerson)

 Realization that our country is beset by age-old problems

 Realization that political cartoons are potent and meaningful

R epresentations of the I ncluded

N ation R elevance and

McCoy, Alfred W. and de Jesus, Ed. C. (eds.) (2001). Philippine Social

McCoy, Alfred W. and Roces, Alfredo (1985). Philippine Cartoons: Political

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