Learning Review

The following questions will test your understanding on the learning that you have done
at the end of last year during lockdown, and relates to the following parts of the
specification:

Students should:
2.51 understand why simple, unicellular organisms can rely on diffusion for movement of substances in and
out of the cell
2.52 understand the need for a transport system in multicellular organisms Flowering plants
2.53 describe the role of phloem in transporting sucrose and amino acids between the leaves and other parts
of the plant
2.54 describe the role of xylem in transporting water and mineral ions from the roots to other parts of the
plant
2.55B understand how water is absorbed by root hair cells
2.56B understand that transpiration is the evaporation of water from the surface of a plant
2.57B understand how the rate of transpiration is affected by changes in humidity, wind speed, temperature
and light intensity
2.58B practical: investigate the role of environmental factors in determining the rate of transpiration from a
leafy shoot
2.59 describe the composition of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma
2.60 understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and
heat energy
2.61 understand how adaptations of red blood cells make them suitable for the transport of oxygen,
including shape, the absence of a nucleus and the presence of haemoglobin
2.62 understand how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells, illustrated by
phagocytes ingesting pathogens and lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen
2.63B understand how vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody
production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quantity
2.64B understand how platelets are involved in blood clotting, which prevents blood loss and the entry of
micro-organisms
2.65 describe the structure of the heart and how it functions
2.66 explain how the heart rate changes during exercise and under the influence of adrenaline
2.67 understand how factors may increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease
2.68 understand how the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries relate to their function
2.69 understand the general structure of the circulation system, including the blood vessels to and from the
heart and lungs, liver and kidneys
​Once you have completed this, submit it to your class teacher via Google Classroom,
who will then mark the assignment and add any feedback in the boxes below.

You will have then have the mark scheme and this document emailed back to you, with
specific instructions on what you should do as a ‘repair’ activity to improve on your
understanding of a key area.

Areas of excellence

Areas for improvement

Repair Activity
​Questions

Q1.

A study investigates the effect of training on athletic performance.

In the study, the number of capillaries in the muscle tissue of a person is measured before and after a six-
week period of training.
(a) The table shows the results.

(i) Explain how training may affect the athletic performance of this person. Use information from the
 table to support your answer.
(5)
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(ii) Give two ways in which the design of the study could be improved.
(2)
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(b) The diameter of a capillary is 8.0 µm and the diameter of the aorta is 25.0 mm. 1000 µm = 1 mm.
(i) Calculate the ratio of the diameter of the aorta to the diameter of the capillary. Show your working
(2)

ratio = ...........................................................
(ii) Explain why the aorta has a thicker wall than the capillary.
(2)
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 (Total for question = 11 marks)

Q2.

The diagram shows a section through a leaf with different parts labelled P to U.

(a) (i) Which part of the leaf transports amino acids?

(1)
A R
B S
C T
D U

(ii) Which part absorbs the most sunlight?

(1)
A P
B Q
C R
D S

(iii) Which part transports the products of photosynthesis?

(1)
A Q
B R
 C S
D T

(iv) Which part reduces the amount of water escaping?

(1)
A P
B Q
C R
D S

(b) Explain how the structure and position of cells in parts R and T help the leaf to photosynthesise.
(4)
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(c) The diagram of the leaf section is magnified 100 times.
Determine the actual thickness of the leaf.
(2)

thickness = ........................................................... mm

(d) The photograph shows water lilies, plants that float on the surface of ponds.
 Suggest why the leaves of the water lily only have stomata on their upper surface.
(2)
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(Total for question = 12 marks)

Q3.

The diagram shows the appearance of a red blood cell.

(a) Describe how the structure of this cell is different from the structure of a white blood cell.
(3)
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(b) A student investigates the effect of different solutions on red blood cells.
He places one drop of blood into each of three test tubes, A, B and C.

• ​ test tube A contains water

• ​ test tube B contains a dilute salt solution with the same concentration as plasma
• ​ test tube C contains a concentrated salt solution
After five minutes, the student places samples from each test tube on separate microscope slides.
He places each slide under a microscope and counts the number of red blood cells in each sample.
The table shows his results.

(i) Explain why the student does not see any cells in the sample from tube A.
(2)
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(ii) Draw the appearance of a red blood cell as seen in the sample from tube C.
(1)

6 3
(c) A person has 5 × 10 red blood cells in 1 mm of blood.
3
The volume of blood in this person is 4 dm (litres).
Calculate the total number of red blood cells in this person's blood.
(2)

total number = ...........................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)