EEN Report 217319838.gz

Electrical Technology (EEN115C)
Research project: Generating energy using renewable resources.
GZ MTIMUNYE
217319838
Higher Certificate in Electrical Engineering
Lecturer: I Ntsoane
10 May 2021
1
Table of content
1. Aim………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………(3)
2. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………(3)
3. Subtopic 1: solar energy……………………………………………………………………………………………….(3)
4. Subtopic 2: wind energy………………………………………………………………………………………………(4)
5. Subtopic 3: Hydro power……………………………………………………………………………………………..(3)
6. Subtopic 4: waste generation………………………………………………………………………………………(5)
7. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..(6)
8. Sources………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..(7)
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1. Aim
The aim of this experiment is to find different ways of generating electricity for the next
generation, also finding a better way for everyone to have access on the renewable resource
electricity. The electricity generated must not negatively affect the environment.
2. Introduction
In 1752, Benjamin flew a kite and discovered electricity. Ever since that day, human life has
undergone a massive transformation. Today we use electricity in almost aspect of our life.
Without electricity, society would crumble and the world would be consumed by chaos.
Though the positives are clear, there are many negative impacts of electricity that are worth
discussing. Renewable energy facilities generally require less maintenance than traditional
generators. Their fuel being derived from natural and available resources reduces the costs
of operation. Even more importantly, renewable energy produces little or no waste products
such as carbon dioxide or other chemical pollutants, so has minimal impact on the
environment.
3. Subtopic 1: Solar Energy
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a
range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar
thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial
photosynthesis.
Figure 1: Example of the photovoltaic cell
At its most basic, solar panels consist of an array of photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight
into electricity by a process known as the photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic or PV cells
consist of at least two semi-conductive materials, such as silicon, one of which has a positive
charge while the other is negative.
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4. Subtopic 3: Wind power
Wind power or wind energy is the use of wind to provide mechanical power through wind
turbines to turn electric generators for electrical power. Wind power is a popular
sustainable, renewable source of power that has a much smaller impact on the environment
compared to burning fossil fuels.
Figure 2: Example of wind power
The wind is an intermittent energy source, which cannot be dispatched on demand. Locally,
it gives variable power, which is consistent from year to year but varies greatly over shorter
time scales. Therefore, it must be used together with other power sources to give a reliable
supply.
5. Subtopic 2: Hydropower
Also known as water power, is the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity
or to power machines. This is achieved by converting the kinetic energy of water into
electrical or mechanical energy. Hydropower is a form of sustainable energy production.
Figure 3: Example of hydropower station
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Hydropower is an attractive alternative to fossil fuels as it does not directly produce
atmospheric pollutants. However, economic, sociological, and environmental downsides
limit its use. International institutions such as the World Bank view hydropower as a low-
carbon means for economic development.
6. Subtopic 4: Waste generation
The growing world population is causing negative impacts on the planet. The current model
of production and consumption generates a lot of waste that, in many cases, does not get
reused or recycled. For instance, in Europe, every citizen generates an average 1.69 kg of
waste a day, i.e. 620 kg per year. Sixty percent of the volume of waste generated comes
from packaging and product containers, often designed for just a single use.
Figure 4: Example of waste generation
Until only a few years ago, waste management focused mainly on sending it to tips to pile up or to
incinerators. This solution is unsustainable for several reasons.
 It carries serious risks for the environment, living beings and human health
 It does not reduce the consumption of resources (raw materials and energy)
 It does not act on the cause (the consumption model), only on the consequence (waste
management).
7. Proposed system
My proposed system will be based on the solar power generation and I will make a model
that will be containing solar panels. LED, switch and conducting wires.
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Figure 5: Example of a Proposed model
 Stepwise PV modeling, simulation and analysis play a major role to mount PV

system.
 Maximum relative error is 1.65%, thus a good agreement was found among
PV model and datasheet values.
 Modeling technique assist researchers and manufactures to understand the

PV system.
8. Conclusion
After this research I came up with a conclusion that is good to use renewable energy
sources to generate electricity because it is cheap and easier to use. For the coming
generation for them to not impact negatively on the environment.
9. References
 Images of Generating Energy
bing.com/images
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropower
 Google: Waste generation and management - activesustainability.com
 https://www.activesustainability.com/environment/

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Electrical Technology (EEN115C)

Research project: Generating energy using renewable resources.

Higher Certificate in Electrical Engineering

3. Subtopic 1: Solar Energy

Figure 1: Example of the photovoltaic cell

Figure 2: Example of wind power

Figure 3: Example of hydropower station

6. Subtopic 4: Waste generation

Figure 4: Example of waste generation

 Stepwise PV modeling, simulation and analysis play a major role to mount PV

 Modeling technique assist researchers and manufactures to understand the

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