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    Яр.псих.вестник2007 21-final

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    Яр.псих.вестник2007 21-final

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    Яр.псих.вестник2007_21-final

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    Яр.псих.вестник2007 21-final

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    ee See eee POCCUMCKOE NCUXONOPrMYECKOE OBLIIECTBO SAPOCJIABCKOE PETMOHASIbHOE OTAESIEHME APOCNABCKUN . NCUXONOrWYECKUK BECTHUK BbINYCK 21 MOCKBA - APOCJIABJIb 2007 BBK 159.9(060.55) YOK 88154 AT Slpocnasckwit ncvxonorauecknit sectHnK. Bbinyck 21. — Mockwa-Apocnasns, Vsparenacrso «Pocculickoe newxonormeckoe o6ulecTBa», 2007. 240 c. ISSN 1813-5587 ISBN 5-89573-075-2 JIP 030651 or 14.07.95, PEDAKUMOHHAA KONNEFMA FipocnascKoro ficaxonorMseckoro BeCTHHKA ‘Axcumtosa H.I1., Bnaammupos V10., SopoHMlt H.I1., Msarosa Ht, Kapnos A.B, Kawanos MM. (i. pea.), Kvcenesa TP, Knioesa H.B., Koanos B.B., Koveea E.B. Koprunos f0.K. (m. pe), Korownrosa E'B., KysHeyosa H1.B., Masunos B.A., Mextuxanosa HH, Hurxeropoquesa H.B., Hosiwoa 8.B., Opén BE. (oTB. peg.), Tlosapenkos 10.11, Pycuna HA, CumpHos A.A. (078. pea,), Cumproea A.E. (ors. ceKp.), Conoxaaes BK Ypsieaes B.A., Onsinna C.B. PE,AKLMOHHbIM COBET ApocnagcKoro nicwxonormyeckoro BecTHKKa Anniaxsepnoe B.M., Basapos T10., Borosenexcxas {1 6., [lySposuna W.B., >kypasnes A., Sabarmumiia DL.H., Sakoe B.B., Epmaxos 1.H., Kapnukiit V.H., Knumos EA. Jeonos H.W4., Murina J.M., Fakos B.V., Fonomapenno B.A., Mpoxopos A.O., Pean AA., Py6yoe B.B., Cepruenio E.A., eruoni H.I1., Xacah BM, Xonogvan M.A., Yepiwes A.C., WapaKos B.D. Akykint B.A, Veganne Bectinka 21 stinonkexo npm dbuvaHcoaoa nopaepyxe tpakra MpeswnsHTa PO (npoekr Ne HLL §262.2008.6) © APO PNO, 2007 Rogroroska opurtuan-waxera w neNaTs: Visgarentorso «Pewaep» MP Vil] Ne 06151 or 26.10.2001 f Fipocnasne, np-t Oxrabpa, 94, orp. 37 Ten.kpaxc (0852) 58-03-49, ten,: 58-03-48, 73-35-03 E-mail: remder@mail.ru Kounbiorepian aepcrka ~O.A. Tyson Crano 8 HaGop 12.04.2007. Tognucano 8 nevare 25.97.2007. ‘opmar 60x84/8. Yon. neu. n. 30,00. Bymara obcernan Savas 426, , COPEPKAHKE METOgONOrMA NcMxonorMn apres AB. Saovowepsocrn cTpyirypHON opranwaa.y WeranPOUBCOVanGHOA Berm AER TenbHOCTH CYBBEKT-CYBBEKTHOO THN ann 5 NPOBNEMb! OBER Newxonorun Nempenxo 8.0. MexancunnnunapHbiA nogxoa kK uccnegoBaHnio COSsHaHiNA M M¥4HOCTH: aKCNe- pHMeHTaNbHaR NCAKOCEMAHTAKA ... 15 More Nagels Renfircer son efficacté Le réle de analyse de l'actvité S 19 Mepx Haxent Tlosbiwenne camoaddbexrasHocTa. Ponb atanusa aeftenbHocTnt 22 Pasuwa T.B, O THne Hay4HOM payWOHANBHOCTH 8 COSpEMEHHOM NCHXCNOTUM no 28 Yepewounuta J.B, Brunine nATepHET-aKTHBHOCTH Ha MHeMINYECKHE CnocCBHOCTH Yenoseka 34 Wmpoo 8.A. Tpynnogar ncwxonormeckaA sauiira B oprakusaynn = 35 Mpoxopos A.0., Bedomos J.E. BpemenHibie OCOGeHHCOTH npoCTpAHCTBEHHEIK XapakTepHCTHK NCH weotwx cocTORHMA 44 TNoSenoe A/T, Crpyinypa W ANaMMKa MBULINEHUR, erynesre mpoyecce ee pynnwpoenn epGansiaro warepwana eae 4B COUMASIbHAA NcMxXONorMA Knoeea H.B. Sopmuiposakine Komannt! Kak ycnoBve yCnewHooTH paspabOTKM m BHeRpeHHA NpoeKTa (is onsira paSoTsi GusHec-KoHcynsTahTa) Kosnos 8.8. VivterpaTweHocTe Kak TeHgeHYMA pagsuTHA ncaKonorHK i 56 Candamoaa E./. Meaosbif Mecal» Kak HOpMaTMBHBIA KDYSAC pagBITHR Ha STane nepexona Kk DPBSCHOCTH Sci B ct aN aac 59 Mveaee H./- Mewxonormveckne noaxonts swrprveckoro wecrenoeaHna MumaKa BY3a 65 Vesnosa O,/1. Sopmnposakine KoHchrikTONOrAYeCKOA KOMNeTeHTHOOTM pykoaoAWTeneh CIOMOUjHIO BKTHBHENX MeTOHOB OBYHEHIA 70 Xoyemaneea TA, Xpycmanee 10.8. Npobrewts icaxweckon Yerotmeocm yKoRonWTene opranoa BayTpEHHNK Aen . 73 Kawanoe A.C. O monenn craHoeneknn KOHE>rMKTHOM KoMNeTeHTHOCTH 5 Maxepeeus PA, Tlowxonormveckne CcoGeHHocTH ynpaBneHYeckoro Tpyina M NOnrOTOBKM K HEM 80 Oewnuroea O.A. K Bonpocy © KOMMYHMKaTHBHOM KOMMeTeHTHOGTH CTYAeHTOR MEMUMHICKOrO yan 85 MCMXONOPKA NWYHOCTH VM MHAMBUAYASIbHOCTH osnos 8.8. Crpyktypa Sro: Heexarsko AononHeHHA 90 Menewauroe A.A. Viccnemosarie npeACTaBneHMh o MYSHOCTA, GOPNMPYIOWIAXCA Ha OCHOBE BOC- ‘pws cbnsA¥ecKoro o6nixka 92 Yywexos M.B. HexoTopsie nonoxeHH® KOHLIEMLIMM SMOWWACHANEHO ~ BONeBOA perynRLAK EATENEHOCTH 96 Yeanoea H.1., Kypuysitia E.8. OTwowenwe x cede Kax cpartop nporpeccuanannaauuu xeNUH .... 103 ‘Macowedosa H.7. K sonpocy 0 paseuTin H ChopMIPOBAHMA KaySANbHOM aTpHOY\Mn y AeTeN souroMbHOro m MnanwerO LiKORSHorO BOSpACTA ..... 110 Pymsatiyeca TB. Bnuniwe ocobexHocTei cemefHoro Bocnitraais 4a inwHocTe npoGnemaoro pedenna m Weeuee PM. OSpase 8 crpyxrype caMOperynAyNK NonoABX cropreMeHca 114 eemnosa H.A. ViccnepoBakne counanbHo-nevxonorMeck#x OcoBeHHOCTER NMYHOCTH KEHNA BUETRX okasaKMA NcHXOCOUMANbHOM NOMOWM Ser caee iT MEQMUMHCKAR WM KSIMHAYECKAA NICMXONOmMA Foneos B.M., Hloneoea 0.E. Cuctenta yenHocreit 122 Cepapumosi4 H.8., Kpsinosa H.A, MIpakraveckoe meiuinesite: aninnnie HHTeNNeKTYaNbHLIK OCO- SehiiocTen nMAHOCTH Ha pewieHne KOMMYHVIKATHBHDIX saqas (Ha nDAMepE MeaH- ‘cnn paBoTHnKos) 127 Kesanoea 0.A, AganTaywoilbie MexaHHaMes 4 NONOpONesAR NSHTUMHCCTe y AM, CTPARaIOUIAX cepgewno-cocyaucroimn sa6onenannanit : 129 NEQATOPMYECKAA NCMXONOrMA Farcou A, Bre cnvapous neiarecrro BuropeKN He CouwOrynsrypyo TonepayTHOcTS negiaroroa 5 196 Exumosa MB. K sonpocy 0 nowxonOrMveckix OCHOBAK MMHTBORWAANTIN =. 139 3 @ Sipocnaeckui ncuxonoeuyeckull eecmuuk. Maeomedos /7.W/. YcnewHocTs nenaronmveckod AeATeNbHOCTH: NoHATVe “4 NpoSnema KpuTepneB 141 amma Z.8. Crpyerype-ypoenenn opranneay oEpaorerounoverTanpospeccnovarsnoco SBM MEQETONE nn 145 ‘Ceposa 10.A. PassuTne ‘aGyorusnocra riocpeacraow Teopuecrea nanan nce 149 ‘Cmupnoea A.E. BoswoxHocra venionssoBaHi cxaaKoTepanHh 8 ERTEMMOCTA UIKONBAOFO newxonora: 51 FledGune A.B. Teopveckoe miunnenve SocrnTareneh AoWKONeHEX OOpasosarensiey yypernenni .... 153 ‘Aosuna H.. BocnuTalne nowxonorMYeCKoll KyneTypEA CTyAeHTOB NegaTorMeCKorO KonNEAWA, COy- Nalouxca no cneuwanbHocTa «CneumansHoe nowKonsHoe o6pazosaHite 156 Kynanosa V1.8 Flowxonormveckan noproToaKa nenarora: alanis w o6ockoBaHue HeoGxoaMMocTelt ..... 158 Paxummcwan O.H. JanoraNnocre kak GasoBas xapaKTepwcrvKa npodbeccHoHanibHoro MsiLireHHA negarora Bbicwieh wIKONE: 162 Komoweoa EB. CooTHoweHie TaOpECTBA M WHTeNTIeKTa y AETEM MIaAUIEIO UNOMHOTO BogpacTa 164 oSuenxo TI” Crpyxtypa ka¥ecre niwsHiOcTH NogpocrKoa 8 SaBvoMMOCTH OT OCOBeHHOCTsh napyH anbioro nenaroruveckoro OleHMEaHVA 106 Paauna 7.8, NpenctasnennocTe ncnxonorwieckrx Kareropni & cosHaHin CyGveKToa ObpasoaaTe- AIbHOTO NPOUECCE 5 169 MEPEKPECTOK MHEHMA Buxmyxanemoea H.3. Nonwrivecka welTanbHocTs crymeH¥ecKoh Mononexn 178 Cwupnosa A.E., Mynsuuna K. HexoTopbie ocoBeHHocTH pa6oTs! c cymummanbHeiww noapocrKaM ... 177 Kysomuvéea OA Dnamnka KorsirMsriix Craned 8 cycTeNorenese neaaronieckoit AesrensHoom .... 178 Chupnosa A.E., Teonmbeea KA, Knoxosa A.B., Kopomkosa A.B. Counanstoe nonioxerine «Hepyc~ ‘ckibo> nogpocTKoS B Manoi rpynine 184 Cuupnosa A.E., Koryes H.E. Newxonoruveckne ocoGeHnocTn aaapeniunx noapocrxoe 185 NCMXOTEXHONOrMK Kawanos M.M. O macrep-knacce Teop4ecKoro MpiuineHnA npodbecononana «KPEATMB» 197 Paspa6omka npoekma cTipwanles KoHtpnMKTOB» (pesynsTat rpynnozoA padorei) 193 ‘Moposoea 8 A., Kokeaa EB. TpoGnema wiTepeyGeexrnaHoro nagxona 8 COBPEMeHHOM MCMKO- ananuse sind 196 XPOHMKA HAYYHOH DKM3HU 9:1 ApocnaacKmn MexnyHapagHeslt KOKTpeCc No NcuxonorAN 201 Virrepabio c Mapkom Harenscom (yHuBepcirrer Nanterr, Paris 10, ®paxuws) 208 Marepwansi Hay4to-meToqMecxoli MHTepHeT-koncbepeHuMM «CouNANsHO-NeMxOnOrMHeCKHA NOpT- per crynenta» 210 1OBUNEK Hedopmansisii nagep nese) BuinaiouMKcs spocnascKix nowxonoros (o BukTope Bacunbesuue Kapnose) so 228 © Neonnge Nerpoawwe Ypsanuene 233 Muxauny Cevenosmy Porosmly mcnonsnnoce Gui 85... ... 3 235 toMOP ‘Anexgor (its Konnenyinn AoyeHTa H.B. Mepewenrion) . 238 4 jee NporpaMMUCTS! BkMIOaIOT Bec jonepaloKHBiA pesepe AaKe npw 3anOMMHa- ‘oTHOCITeNsHO HecNOKHOTO MaTepMana, TOY sxniovaioTcr onepalyMOHHele cocTaanaioune 8 ‘© S2kOHOMEPHOCTAMM CDYHKUWOHMpO- ‘CuCTEMH MHEMAYECKHX crocoGHOCTe;. Fpm pyioume mexaHnaMe Kak Ob! c BHYTpeHHel pery- WO ONeBMAKO, YTO ONONHiTeNbHaA STHX nonOKeHNA Tpe6yeT OBpawjeH nA K ‘ocobeHHOCTAM HocHTeneii MiTepHer- |, OFBSEIBAIOUIHM BNUSHME Ha TpaHCbop- DeryMHPVOWNK MEXAHMOB MHeMAYECKIX | 8 MaCTHOCTH, M nosHasaTenbHOA 3 yerOM. Marepwer-amrwsnocrs oxastisaer pasenea- SAKE Ha MHEMMYECKHe cnocoGHOCTH mR, NOBLILBR NpoayiTHBHoCTS Heno~ oro sanoMMHaHnA, cOBepLeHCrayA Wohi M peryrMpyrouyio CTopoHN naMTH wan Tew cambin aopcbekrasHocTs onocpen- ‘AKTHBHOCTE FpyNnb! W opraHHsauMA anrOHHOe OKMMAHNe cbeHOMeHA ncwxo- Of SaUIMTLI M ee MexaHWaMos oniMpanoce kOananiTAvecKy!o KOHYENUMIO BHYTpEHHER sysocr, OpHaKo, Kax Obino NoKasaHo Pave, STO He WcKmiO¥aeT BoOMOMHOCTH benomena ncwxonorMveckKoA sauuMTes ‘coumansHom rpynnbi (Uirpoo, 1998). Ne 70, “70 0 npaBoMepHOCTH paccmo- pynmet Kak cyGvexra nicwxonorMyecKon 8 OTeVeCTBeHHOM COMMANSHOR NCHXONOrMM ocs yke AoBonbHO AaBHo (cM., wanpiitep: 1983), nyGnuxayi, 8 xoTopsx sTa ugeR ce0e paseinTwe, cranm nonanarbcA nM bHo Hena@BHo. B YacTHOCTH, couNaNsHO- aHanns MEXSTHHYECIUX OTHOLIE- weonegoBaTenell K HeoGxomMMOCTA iM KATETOpMM TpyNNOBOA McwxoNorHve- -saupmss ana xapaKTepncTHKs ocoBeKHocTeR TBA STHNNECKAK Fpynn (CocHiNH, 1997; 1998). Tar, BA. Cocky, ananvsupyn MeXSTHAYECKIX KOHDNMKTOS, ykabi- r eKorga NORBNReTCR yrposa cywjecTBoBAHIO ak ueriocTHoro u CaMocToRTenbHOrD CySB- Tpynnosasa ncwxonormyeckas 3auyta B OpraHn3saynn Beinycx 21 @ chopmupyiowee) anuanne Ha perynupyioume Mexa- HUM) MHEMAYECKHX CnocoBHOCTeM, Kora pasBu- Taf NaMAT oKasbiBaeTcA ManostdexTHBHOA No Nlokasaremo cKopocT sanomMaHWA M BocnpOHa- enenws. umepamypa: 1. Apncropa OH., BaGanni JLH., Boitcxyncxnt A.E. Ko MYHNKBUIR B KOMTSIOTepHEIX CETAK:NCHKOMOTHNECKME AeTepenvianne: w NocneacTana I! BecTHHKMTY. Cepan 44, Tewxonorwa , 1996, sein. 2. Boltcxyncnnit AE, Caticnosa 0.8, Pons momreayint ‘cnoToxa> 8 paaewTHn KouneTeHTHocTH xaKepa i/ Eo- ‘Rpocis novxonormn , 2003, Ned 3, TyManurapHbie TexHonorni B iTepHeTe: cGopunk Ha- yyartoe Tpyaoe. M., 2000 4. Xonoguan M.A. Korwnrnenbie crann, Cn6: Matep, 2004 5. Yepemounmna J.B. Nowxonors nawaTa. M., 2003 6. Yepemounmna J.8., Yyo8a H.B. Viccnemosanne aniawna WnTeper akraeHocra Wa NosHaBarensiiyio cipepy wenosexa // Apocnascxit ncwxonormuecKait ‘ecTHix, Beinycx 17. Viga-B0, “Poccaiicxoe ncwxonom- Necroe o6wecTao”.M.-Aipocnasrs, 2006 7. Yygosa H.B. O6pas “A” xntena Miteprera I/ Flcwo- norwvecewit xypuan., 2002, Net 8. Yygosa H.B., KysHetosa 1O.M. MnTepHeT KaK cpena aaeian nnsiocty l/ npenpnt MITC PAH, 2004 9. Wazpmxoe Bf, Yepemounnna 1.8. Mnemnveckne ‘enoco6nocmm: amarnocTaxa M pasanTue. Mi. Tlenaro- ‘sux, 1990 Lmpoo B.A. Tocy@apcmeenntiti yuueepcumem — Beicwas wkona aKoHOMUKU, Mockea exTa Mexrpynnoscro BsaMMonedcreMA, Ha ypoBHe NewxonorMueckoro BOCNAATHA CHTYaLINH NPOKCKO- ANT couranbHan naeHTHcbHkayA no MpHaHaKy NpO- MCKOKAEHUR, aBopHTHMA, YCRNEHMA EAMHCTBA «MbID 4M BHEWerpynnoBOM AMCKpMMAKAYNK H —OGOCO- GneHnA OT skixs, «uyrRun (CochnH, 1997, C. 55) Onpenenss cucTemy micwxonormecko Sauyitrot STHIMECKOA rpynnist Kak BaMKHEAWMA MexaHHaM C2 aaanraunn 8 KpuTHecKolt cuTyaun, FY. Conna~ ‘ToBa packpsisaet ero coRepMaHve Yepes coBO- KyMHOCTE newXononueckHx cpegcTa uM cnocoBos PeryNMpOBAHMA MEKOTHMYECKOR HanpANeHHOCTH cunamit caNWX STHHECKMX rpynn KaK KoNneKTHB- Hix cyGbeKTos AeATENbHOCTH M BsaMMOAeACTAMR s (social defense), 8 KaNecrBe KaKOBOH AN CBOHX YneHOB BeICTYNaeT caNa OPraHiSAuNA, NOIBONAOUER HM CHNSHT® YPOBEHE CBOeH NepEMYHOR TpeBOrM (Men- zies, 1959; Bain, 1998; Gould et al., 1999; Stein. 2004; Diamond et al., 2004). CaoeoBpaswsist n02- ‘Besjekwtem yroros crano noAsneXve KoneKTH!BHOH Movorpadwn, xepaxTepwayiowell coBpeMeHHbiAt sian 8 paseWTMH ZaHHorO HanpasneHuR (Gould et al, 2001). B Hef npencrasnenti KOHUeNuNM, 8 KOTO- bik WHTerpHpYIOTCR COBPeMEHHLe NpencTaaNeHns (© BHewMnx CTPYKTYPax COMMANSHEX CHCTEM, BKMO- an OpraHNeayWOHHbil ARSAMK, BnaCTS 4 aBTOpH- ‘Ter, pagneneHne Tpyna, ponesbie npeanvicann H BHYTPeHHMM MHP MAANEMRA M rpyNnbs, MAp Ge0co- SHETENDHBX SAUNT, (PAHTASHA, MOTHBOS M CTHOWE- HWA, Spec MONHO HaliTH MHONeCTBO NpAMEpoB, MnmecTpMPYIOWNX. cbyHKUMOKMpoBAHHe counare- HOR sauTe! v Gas0B6x NpegnonomeHwi KaK Sec- ‘cosHaTenbHEIX CTPYKTYP # NPoYeccos. XapakTep- HelM & CBASH C STHIM ABAeTCR HASBAHNE CAHOI M3 CTaTelt, akmiOveHHbXx 8 STY MoHOrpadulo: «Bpan BHYTPA M CHapy>Ka: Mapaons M perpeccna 8 rpyn- ax W oprannsaumnx». (OGpaujanacy k AaHHOA npoGnemarnke u oTeNe- ‘eTsentian couwonorma. Paccmatpusaa npoyecc yHKyMOHMpOBaHHA COUMANbHbIX OpraHnsaynh, AM Mipuronatn npuBereer « sbipaxenii «opra- HwgauOHHaR naTOnOrMAy, “TOBE ONMCATS COON 8 TOM NpOUECce, AeNaHOUINe HEBOSMOKHEIM AOSTA >XCHNE NocTasneNHeX YeneA. StH naToTOrHA, nO MHeHio asTopa, OTPaxaIOT MHEpYWOHHOCTE THCGCR ‘OprahinsalyMOHHOM CrpYKTYpbI, KOrA Ta CTPEMHTCR BocnpoNsBORT —NpEKHHe cbyHKUNK NPA BCEX ‘obcToATenbcTaax W npit BCex ycnoBiAAx (PIpuTOXMH, 7995; 2003). Tew cameim oprannsauns crapaerca ‘orpaants ceGa or HeOGKonMMOCTH MSMeHeHiAA, LITZETCA NPOTABOCTORTS uM, APyrUMK cROBAMM, ova BCeMM CHnaMM CTapaeTCR COXpaHMTs M saUIA- ‘Tue ce6a, Ye 8 Ka¥eCTBe CaMOCTORTEnbHOrO TepNMHL oprannsayvonnian saya» (organizational defense) nosennero 8 paGorax K. Apaxpnca (Argyris, 1980; 2004) 8 konTexcre npoGnemaTana OpraHMsayMOHHOTO HayHeHHA M HaMEHEHHA (CM Tavore Bain, 1988). Oprannsaymonnian sauna pac: cemarpneaeton K. ApAMMpHCOM cKOpee Kak KOMMY- HNKaTHBNBIA cbeHOMeN, OOHapyAMBAIOWIN COBRA 8 cneunbuveckoA KOHCTpyKUMM COOGWIEHH NO TAny «qBoiHon cask» (double binds). Pes npK stow WAeT © npoTHBopeNNELIX NocnaHiAX, Te., HanpH Mep, Conepxauiix 8 cebe CoBcTaeNKoe oTpitLa hve! «Msi roToBet NORREpKaTe HHNLETHEY HaUIMK CCOTpyMHNKOS M Wx xenaHHe B chy¥ae HEOBKOMH MocTH noiirn Ha prior. He cneayer sa6bigar> npn 3TOM, HTO MMWAMe NPOGNEML HAM HMI K YEMy>. Xapaxrepitim senneTon ORHOBpeMeHHOS HanMuie Hernachoro sanpera Ha oBcyxnenne sTHx npoTMEd- Pew. Takum oBpasom, 8 Conbwen cTeneHn att Holt cbeHoMeH xapaKTepMsyer opranitsaynonioe (KOMMYHuKaTHBHOE) NOBEReHMe OTAENbHENX HAA: BNJOB NK Tpynn, HOB UenoM, Kak TonsKo TaKOl TWN KOMMYHINKaUWM CTAHOBMTCA opeaMusayUoH HOU HOpMOU, OpraHKSaUMOKHAR SauinTa HaYMNaET BbICTyNaTb caKTopoM, NPeNATCTEyIOUIMM Ora ‘SaUMONHEIM WsMeHeHMAN. B epeyio Ovepenb Ha ‘TaKOe NpenATCTAMe HATANKMBAIOTCA vSMEHEHHA, cansanneie ¢ HedbxoANMocTSIO NepecMoTpa Opa HNGEMOMHIX YeneM, YEHHOCTE!K M YOaNAEHHA, Te © HeoGxoaiMocrsio TpaHccbopmauinn caMo; opra HiNSBUMOKHOA KyMETYpEA HeoGxoaumo nomepKHyTs, To AN coumans- Horo newxonora nio6aR opraxwsayun npeacracr He npocTo Kak HeKoTOpan PasHoEMAHOCTs ChopMar- WOW FpyNNbI, HO Kak coxHaR CounaNbHaR CCTeWa, ‘oGnapaioujan onpenenenHeiMn CounaNbHO-NoHxo: TOTMMECKHMK XapaKTepMCTHKaMM H DeanMsyIOUAR WaBeCTHBIe rpyniiogsie NpoYeCcs:. OqhMM M3 Takis npoyecoos sbictynaeT sauuman axmuaHocms zpyniiei, npoRBnniouancr Ha ypoBHe BceH OpraHit Salint B YeNOM M Ha YPOBHE €@ CTAENEHKIK yb UWOHANSHEIX MAK CTPYKTYPHEIK nonpasHENeHMA CMewenne 8 nocnemhne ronbi cbowyca SHMMaHNA TPM WEYEHHK ACHXOHOTHNECKOM SAUNT Mee ‘MexaHnaMo8 c mHaMBNa Ha rpynny cBA3aKO ¢ TeM NTO 8 PesKO MEHRIOUWHXCA COUMaNbHEX ycnoBMAX ‘ocoGyio octpoTy npHobperaeT npoOnema «@biKu- ‘anu epynnei, e@ cnocobHocTs npoTwBocToRT® Paspywaiowjemy BosgeACTBMIO KaK MBBHE, TAK waHyTPH. B sapyGenHon couMANsHoR neixanorvt yme faBHO OTHETHNEO CoMWiace TPAANANA pac: cmarpHeate aTy npobneMy B KOHTeKCTe MeXTpYTINO- ‘BbIx OTHOWEHIA Hepes npHsMy aiarMsa NpoUeCcOS SpyNNOBOM HAEHTHC>MKALMN H ceHOMeHA rpynio- Bot ngenTaunocra (Tajfel & Turner, 1979: Jackson et al., 1996; Rothgerber, 1997; Caudinu & Reggior 2002; Scheepers et al, 2003; Hornsey, 2004), B pauKax AaHHO” crarsn npoGnema «akin BAHIA» rpymins! PaccMaTPMBAETCR, 8 NePBYIO OME edb, uMeHHO Kak npoBnema CoxpaneHuA epyriod 8080 yenocmHocmu. LlenoctHocTs couManbHoil OBuNocTH Yacro TpaKTyeTCR 8 COUMaNSHOIl NcMKO- ‘OrMM fpynnit KaK ORWH M3 HawGonee BaKHiIX €€ ‘npnaHakos, Optaxo YenocTHocTs rpynnts He ABne- ICS MMWaHENTHIM CBOACTBOM, sagaHHBIM pas M Wesverga. Tpynnogyio uenocrHocTs, no HaweMy ujero, ckopee crepyeT NoKMMaTe Kak npoueccy- ‘Kyo HeNpepSEHOCTE CaMOTO CyLjeCTBOBAHMA Ipjrnti, xotopan oGecnewaaerca oTHOCMTENbHO YcToRvnetim BocnpOMSBeqeHKEM OCHOBHDIX CTPYK- ‘Ypteix KOMNOHeHTOB CHCTEME! BHYTpMrpYNNOBOR acwstiocrit (oryoB, 1979). Takum o6pasom, nog FpyMnos0R WentocTHoCTBIO Mbl_NOHKMAeM KaNe- ‘rbenmyto xapaxTepncTaKy COUMaNSHOM OBuIHOCTH, foropan nponsnaercA B TpeX acneKrax: monano- auiecrom ~ KaK HannuWe MW COXpaHHocTs rpaHinu, ‘OMenmOUX rpynny OT BHEWHeM cOUKaNbHOR ‘Pek, CmpyKmmypHoM — KaK HaNWuWe MW yoTORNA- f0cTH COBOKYMNOCTH S3aKMOCBASEA sNeMeHTOB (ence) rpynnst w, HaKoHet, 8 npoyeccyambHom Fak Becb KOMMNeKC AMHAMMMECKHX cbakTOPOB, foropsie OGecreymBaior HenpepbisHoe yHKLMO- ‘wipoearine rpynnist 8 Xone peanwsaumn eto onpene- Jiewoh cosmecTHOH aerTensHocTa (Wrpo0, 2001). Tonononecinh acnexr rpynnosoi yenoctHocm, Sigio, 8 cHny CBOeR AOCTATOHHO! ONeBHAHOSTH, ‘au scero npwenexaet x ceGe uccnenosarens- card wkTepec. 8a nocnegHne nRT> ner, HanpMMep, B apySexnol CouMANbHOM newxonorMA opraHHsa- ik Gsina ocyecraneHa Caps MocnefoBaHHA, CBRSBHHIX © 3yMEHMIEM AKTMBHOCTA pabouMx ‘pm (Noapasdenennh) no «sosBeneHM rpaHMu» soipjr # enyTpM opranMsaunn (Cross et al., 2000; Heracleous, 2004). 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B oprannsauMOHOM KOHTeKCTe Tekan sauyTHaR amvshocTe spynintt HeMaGexHo GygeT cansaKa c ‘yrvmn opranvsauNOHHbiMM nepemennoimn, Barx- Hele CocTaBNRIOWeA OpraHHsayMOHHOA MSHA » touarisHo-newxONOrMeckKoM aHanise BEICTY- reer kynetypa oprannsayinn, Opranusaunonnan KynbTypa Kak CouManLHo- CHXONOTHYeCKMA cbeHOMeH BonswwicTeo COBpeMeHHbIX JapyOexHbx ne- meoBaHiNn 8 OGnacTH OpraHN3al4HOHHOA KyNBTYpEA wonio ycrosHo pasgenTe ta Yereipe Tuna (Lewis, 1988), B vecnenosakwax nepsoro Tuna noaHAMa- ‘#3 Bonpoc © ToM, sBNAeTCA mM KynéTypa noBe- ehleN, NPAMO NOADAIOUNMCA BHEUHEMY HaGmO- ein, Win sTO CkOpee Gasosbie npegnonoxeHie, psiiensembie eceMi uni, no KpaliHel Mepe, Gone wicTBoM neHoE opraKnsauvn. ViccnenosaHnn soporo Twna saTparweaior npoGneny cooTHOWe- ws opranwaauiu Kak couManbHOTO HHCTATYTa M ee iynsryper: ABNAeTCA NM KynuTypa xapaKTepMCTAKOA ‘SraHW3a\Ma UNM OpraHMaaLIMA M eCTo ee KynbTypA 7 Bemnyck 21 @) Tpetba Tema wocnenosani, noxanyi, HarGonee nlonynapwan 8 nocneguMe 10-15 ner, — anuAHne KyRETYpBI Ha OpraHnIaUMOHKylo ocbépeKTHBHOCTD HaxoHeu, wccnenosatins YeTBepToro Tuna paccua- Tpwpaior npoGnemy cbopmnposaHns M usMeHEHHA DopraHnsaynoHHOn KynoTypEl Creayer ormetis, sro Mexay pastinu nccne- AOBETENAMA HET eAMHICTeA He TonbKO B Onpene- ek caMoro cbeHoMeHa OpraHMsauMOHHOM Ky TyPbI, HOH B NOAXOME KH3yHEHHIO M OUEHKE KYNTYD RoHKpeTiiuix oprakMaauua. M anecs oTueTAMRO pas wvatoror 8a nonxoga K MSyYeHHIO KOpTOpaTABHOM kynerypsi (Levin, 2000), Mpeacrasirenn nepeoro OBbEAMNRIOTER Ha OCHOBE MCNONLSOBaHHA NETO AONOMMM KORMMECTBEHHEIX WsMepeHWA, nbtTaAce ‘OleHITS sapaHee MpeanucaHHEA HaGOP yHHBED- Carbibix KyNbTYpHEIX XapAKTePHCTHK B PaanW4HEIX oprakwsaunsx. Npegcrasitenn stoporo noaxona OTBepraior NOMCK YHMBEPCANbHEIX xapAKTeDACTAK Wcniones03aHMe TONbKO KONMYECTSEHHEKK MeTOROS aK ChnMKOM ynpOWeNHE noAXoA. OHM cKNOHA- JOTOR K KANECTBEHHOMY HaysHOMy aHanway, KOTO- Pia MONET OGLACHITS ryOMHY mM OTTeHKM Oprann= SaUMOHHOM KYNETYpbI, PACKET ee yHIKANEHOCTE, Ho Tora soshikaer sonpoc saBMcMMOCTH pesynb- TaToB OT npeayOeNeHHOCTH W ONBITHOCTA CaMOro wecnenosatena B awe crpaHe 6 nocnegHne roms TaKKe KTABHO pacTeT Yucno paGOT, NOCBRLEHHEIX cbeHo- MeHy OprarisauMOHHOR KyNbTyDR, OnHAKO MoKA GonbuMHcTsO Ma Hix HOCAT OBaopHEIA xapaKTep (cM, Hanpuntep: AGpawosa, Koctenuyk, 1995; Ujep6una, 1996, Ponwy, 1998). SameHuim BKnaR 8 paspa6orKy afexHoro _AMarHocTHMeCKOTO WHCTPYMeHTapHA 8 aTOM OGnacTH BHECTO aNcceD- ‘TaunoMHoe Hecnenosanne C.A. JImnatosa (1999) BuMONHeHHOS Ha SMNNpHYECKOM waTepMane oTe- ecTeeHHtix oprahusaunf. B Kem npo6nema nccne- ROBaHNA OpranusayMOHHOR KynETypE! CTABMTCA KaK Npobnewa usyweHus moz0, Kak wmmeHbt opeaHusa- duu socnpuHumaiom u uXmepnpemupyem cee ‘oKpyxenue, 8 pesynuTaTe Yero OBpasyioTer npea- TOnOxeHWA, BepOBaHINA, YCTaHOBKY, KOTOPHIE B AanbHeAulem BsicTynaiT B kavecrse perynaTopoB ‘OprahneayMoNHOro NoBeAeHHA, OpranusaunoHHan xynetypa novmMaeres 8 pa6ore KaK Mepapxnue- ‘kan crpykrypa, BkniowajoUjaA NOBEPXHOCTHEA MM yposerle, noRnoBepxHOCTHBiA YPOBEHD LieHHOCTHO-HOPMaTHBHOR CTPyKTypbI _M Yyposens Gasoebix Kareropai nnn cneumpaveckyx osHaBaTenbHix KOHCTpykTOB. Ha AaHHtsx Teope- Twseckyx nonoxennax Obina nocrpoeta AMarHo- CTwweckas Mogens, xoTopan exniovaer 8 CeOa KOH entyanbiyio ocHoBy M KOMMNeXc KONMYECTBEHHEIX W KaNeCTBeHHEIX METOAMK ANA COUMaNDHO-nCHxO- MOFANECKOR AMArHOCTUKH OPraHNsAyMOHHOM KyNb- Typbi Hepes alanis BOcNpMATHA ee UneHaMM Opra- Huseyin. Paspa6orka newxonvarHocTa¥ecKoro KOMN- nekca npowseoqnace C.A. Sinnarostim ¢ y4eToM ApHAUWOB yqoGCTSa, oTKpbTOCTH, MiTerpanbHo- ctw, cranaptHocmn, coveTaHiA KONMYECTSeHHEX @® Apocnaecxuii ncuxonozuveckui eecmuuk. kavecrBentix MeToRHK B ocHoBy nema napaqur- ManbHaR KOHUENUMA OpraHNSALWOKKOA KyNETYpHI J. Kowcrasruwa. Opransaynonnan napagunea 37 Obpas, BKNiOYaIOUWHit B CeBR ‘cOBOKyNHOSTS cbyhamenTanbHbix m 4acTO HeABHbIX npeaCTasne- HWA COTPYAHMKOB 0 TOM, WTO TaKOe OpraHusaUMs, KAKO O#a MOMET BbiT® uM KAKO Oa AomxHA BITE, @ Taw%e CnOcoG BOCnpMsTHS M OCMEICeHKR opra- HusauMORHOA AeficTEMTensHocTa. I. KoHCTAHTAH Bbinenin Yerbipe GasoBbix Tuna (ciiCTeMe’) Opra- Husaupih, KAKMaR a KOTOPHX OTpaxaeT onpeze- enKy’o opraHisayMoHHylo KynETYpy (Constantine, 1981) ‘© cSaxpbiman» cuctema yHKLUMOHH- poganwa rpynnts onachocTa, yrpoxaiowe wapyiwe- \yenocTHOCTH rpyninii—sTO ee NoKyc(BHEUINAR yTPeHHAA) M xapakrep (HanpaaneHHocTe Ha feckA, CTPYXTYPHBIA MMM npoUECCyANb- ‘next rpynnosoli yenocTHocT#). OHM noaB0- senate HeKoTOpy‘o KnaconcbHKaLiNio rpynno- (33UMTAtAX MeXAHMSMOB, PEKOHCTPYMPOBAHHDIX sepySentivim M OTeHECTAeHHLIM nMTepATYPHEM, aut (Wtpoo, 2001) '* Ipynnceoe maéy — sanper Ha oBeymqeHve > TeM BHYTPMFPYTINOBOM HSH: '*[pynnoeicnue (groupthink) ~ xavecreo rpyn- PeWeHHA OURHMBAETER C TOUKM speHHs IHOCTH ecMHORYUMA, CornaciA B rpynne; _¢ [pynnosod| pumyan ~ oBasarenbHoe Bocnpo- he KaKOH-TO FpynNOBOA MpOYeRYpEs, MpA- soe cauccromansvor osssonnncer:) | # tvepynnoeod chasopumusm ~ wexrpynnoaoe ewe B nonesy cBoes rpynnts; + Cawouscnayus — orpaHnvenis ennoTs a0 “tanioro sanpera xoHTaKTOS ¢ BHeWHeR couNanb- te epenot; + Cewednerd {epynnosad) mur - ssanunoe coRarHe | HCKAMEHHLIX — BHYTPUCEMeNMEX x) ponei + CouuansHel cmepeomun aymepynne: — _cttepxavie oSpasa M npapuina BocnpHRTUA wne- ‘xyxoity fpynnsi KaK OTTNHEAX CT eCBOMX; # uxcawus stymouepynnoeod cmamycnod “vepapcuu— cTavioBneHe W xECTKO® nongepKaHNE HoTBa NOSMNA 4NeHOB rpynnit B cHCTeMe _ WemniocTHbax oTHoWeHNi + Bopuanusauun aHympuepynnosod Kommyiu- “Jaa —YouyrnKauMONHELe NOTOKN BHYTPH rpynnB! ALM) CTAHOSATCR MHOTOSBEHHBIMIK, Te. “aayinorca prise carom, ypesMepHo KoHTpO- _-nigjercsn Hopéupyeros Tewaruxa u conepxaHne ui “_»Skcmepiianstian ampu6yyun Heyenexa epyn- “pond desmensHocmu — OBEACHEHNE rpynnoBOro ‘fjenera 2a cver xeumnx axropoe. fais knaccndukayna Guina wcnonbsopaHa eos ‘warHocTaweckoro WHCTpyMeHTa- fC yenbo cbuKcayMM NpoRBNeHMR KANO‘ HS MBX PPYNMOBLIX SALIYITHLIX MeXAHKG- “Wis, COOTHOWEHHA MeXAy COBOH NO HHTeHCHB- Yorn (vectore) «npymevennns, oOuwelt xepax- “TepRETNON SAUTHOA akTMBHOCTA rpynnes. Sto M “tiem cpHO vis Sama NpoBeAeHHICTO coBMECTHO “EO! Pacrtaoh sunupweckoro uccnenosania, “fatpeenennoro Ha nposepry 2unomessi o Hannan “GeprarenstioR caasw Nexny ypoBHeM sauyATHO; “amiexccT™ rpynni (crpykrypuoro nogpasnenenus 04MM) THOM OPTaHASaUMOHHOA KymETypbI , Paxurintia, 2005). ___Tipt dopuposanun BeiGopKA Obina npiNsTa BO “Buuiaute Heo6xoAMMCCTS conocrasneHuA peayns- “me, nonyvenneix: 1) 8 paGownx rpynnax, Bsinan- “yeowyr cxoRHbIe CbyHRYMN, HO BXOAAUINK 8 CTpyK- “TB pasttix oprannsawl; 2) © paBownx rpynnax, “soggy: 8 cocTas oAHOM oprannsaumr, HO peanut 39 Beinyck 21 @) alounxca no abinioniaeMim cbyHunent. OToBpat- ble no sTHM npuaHakam, 8 HocreqoBaKMM NpMHANA yuacrve CeMb npoMSBOACTBHHEX KoNneKTHEGE: ‘aga nonipaanenenna — Gyxrantepia M ueHTpanbHar xunnseckan na6oparopus — Kpynkoro npeANpHATHA Hedrexnmuveckoro nporpina (BLS) 4 nar noapas- AeneHWA KouGmKaTa no MpowsBoACTEY NpogoBON:- TeeHHtix nponykros (MKB) — 2aMnincTpaTABHitA compen, Gyxrantepus, npomasogcrsentias saGopa- ‘Topia, OTAGN OnTOBLX NpoAAX H CTAEN posHuNHEIX nponax. OBujee wicno wenimryembix— 266 ueno- eK, Wa Hux 122 EHUD! H 144 my xan Aina qwarwoctuka Tana opranwsayHOHHOR Kynb- ‘ypei Menonbsosaniice onpocHNk «lUKanb! oprah SaloHHbxX napaqurm JI. KoncTaHTuna H MeTOAMKa HesaKoHeHHEX —npeanoNeHna, paspaBoTaHan CA. Mvnatossim (1999), HanpaanenHas Ka Stine enMe OcoGeHHocTel BOCNpHATHA paboTHMKaMN csoei opranisauum (noapasaenenua), Onpociax SL Koncranrana 8 monmcpuKaynn CA, funatosa ‘Raer BoaMoxHOCTe BbIREMTS NpEACTABNEHAA paGoT- unos kak 06 axtyarbHoM COCTOAHMM opraHusauMM, € HyMeTyDEI, TAK WO TOM, KaKOM ee XOTAT BHAETE pecnowaentes. Mpouenypa onpoca nocrpoewa no TpwHuMny BEINyARREHHOTO BEGOpA. CruMynbHeiA marepwan cocTowT ua 25 GnoKos; Kaabii m3 Hi Npencrasner coGoh yraepKAeHve, 3a KOTOPLIM chegyct NeTbipe pasnn4iex BapraHTa npogon- XeHWA B COOTBETCTBMK C NeTBIP’MA OpraHnzayn- ‘OnHEIMM Napaaurmanm. MeToAMKa HesaKOHYEHHEI npeanowenni C.A. JimnaroBa wcronssoBanac’ 2A ronyseHia uHcbopmauinu oO npeanouTuTencHoM ANA PeCnOHReHTOR THNe OPrahHs2uMOHNHOM KynbTypEI 8 ‘Tex TepMMHaK, KOTOPHIe CHM McroNBay!oT aM (a He sagaiores wconegosarenen). B vccnenosanvin CA. Mmarosa (1999) Gein Bbizeneti cnezy- foulNe KaTeropnn, xapakrepHsylouime ocHoBtibie eHoMensi opraHusayOHHOR KynbTypEI HM NpO- lueces!, npoTeKaioujwe 8 opransauM 1) snacrs, pykoaoncrso, nuzepcreo (saKpenne- we, peanusauwa, nepenava) 2) paGora (xapaxtepvoriK ocyuweoranenina, omHowenne); 3) KOMMYHnKA\MM (Cpopmanbibie unin Hecbop- Mannie, Wx OBbeM M YacToTa); 4) rpucouc, npobnema, KoKcbnAKT (KoHCTaTA\AA Kanmuna, cnoco6t paspeulei7) 5) CoTpyAHMKH (Xx NOSMTHEHIE H HeraTHEHDE xaparrepucrinn): 6) Konnektus (ero nosuTHBHule M HereTHEKLIE xapakrepucTuw) Tina naysenns ypossa ncwxonorMHeckon 3aL4MTbt rpynnbi 8 Hawem wocnegoBakHn Gbin cneyManbHo paspa6oran «Tect-onpochnk AwarHocTiMkn 3aUKT- Heix MexaknaMos rpynnbis. Onpochnk HanpaaneH Ha o6HapyxeHne npwsHaKOB AeBATH rpynnoBbix 3aWATHEAX MexaHnaMOB: TpynnoBoe Taby, rpynno- Moionve, pTyanisayns rpynnogon AerTeNLHOCTH, WHTpyNNOBOR cbaBopwrHsM, CAMORSONAUMA, CTe- peoran ayTrpynnes, cwxcauA BHyTpATpyNNOBOA CraTycHon mepapxam, chopmannsaynn BHYTpHrpyN- OBOR KOMMYHNKAUM i OKCTepHANbHAR ATpHOy- @ Spocnaecxut ncuxonozuyeckuii eecmuux. uw Heyonexa rpynnoBoa aeaTénbHocra, NecaTosi Fpynnoeow sauMTHbIh MexaMaM, BbineneHHeA 8 TeopeTHNeckoM anannae — CemeltHbid mad) — 8 cuny cecett «ceMmelHolt> cneunbuxa He BOWEN B OkoHMaTeNbHBIl BapHAKT ONpocHAKa. 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Apyrumn cnosaui, «rpynna paGorana HamHoro HitKe CBoero NoTeHUH: ana w crapanac saHMaHT» C8010 NPOwsBORNTEND- HocTb 8 yenax camoza.yumil» (SaHKoBCKMA, 2000, ©. 451). W cerogna nporsnenus aroro cbeHoMena & aGounx rpynnax npagonxaior npmeneKar> x cebe BHnMaHne HccnenoBaTeneit (Comer, 1996; Mulvey et al., 1998). Takvm O6pasom, nepaaa munis panbHeMuero passuTuA mpoGnemarvKH rpynnoner sauyeTHedx ‘Mexanitsoe Hanpasnela Ha KoKKpeTH3ayMIOnpeA- crasneHuih 06 six MexanusMax, CBde06pa3HoA My sietTapnsauy, ¥7o 8 nepcneKTHBe NosBonNNO Ba cosets Gone crpolinyio Knaccndbwxaum, Aare Gonee wetiMe onncaMnA Kamgoro us Hix. B YacT- HOCTA, NOMMMO YRASAHHA Ha HCTONHNK # HaNPAB- HeHHOGTS YrpOsbI ANH WeNOGTHOSTH rpyNet RHO Haspena HeOGxoqMMoCTS BBECTA MepapxM hop SaunTHOM rpynnosoW axTneHocru. 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SlanepcTso, paccma- ‘Tpweaemoe w acnexre HetbopmancHutx cTHOWEH Mt 8 Opranuaalymin, NO MKEHMIO MHOTHX HCcreAosaTe- nei, Hepeato ABNAETCA cbopMOf NcMxONOTHYECKOR 3alyyiTel PyNA OT HerETMBhihx yNPABNEHYECKiK BOS Aeficrewil, Bonee Toro, uMeKKO MMAepCTEO BLICTY- naet ceoeoGpasktim ynaamenTom ANA coanaHnA ‘TpAHCHAUMA MW MOREDNAKMA. OpraHMsauMOKHOR ‘eynirype (Watt, 2002), Beconopno, opraknsaywonwan aeiicreurens- porte nueer Kax PayWOHANEHBIe, TAK M MpPALHO- ‘wanbitie OcHOBE!, OpraHnaaUMOHHGe NoBeAeHHE “verioBexa perynupyerca He TonbkOCosHaTenbHSIMH, ‘yon Geccosnatentnisn rpoueccaman. TpyAHo yro- Jblan 8 ciporom HayUHOM aHANMSe TAK’ OpraHA- -Hal0+H08 \yntTypei NpoNNabIBZeT noBCEAHEBHYIO Jerse opratisayin B CaMtbix Menowax ¥ ogHOBpe- Iuexio nonaaer ocoGeil, nopom ypesBbvaiHo 3Ha- nisi cnusoniveckid cMbicn OBweKTvBHO-Gec- ‘rpacriiu, Kasanoct Gt, uneppam SKOHOMMYECKO yorewnoctn ee gentensHocTn. Bepremca ewe pa ‘euscna 9. Wala 0 Tow, To oprannsayyroHnyio ‘iynsrypy cheayer paccmarpweats Kak KomnneKc Gasoebix npennanoxenwi, usobpementeil, obHa- _ppxewisi0 unu paspadomatHeill epynnod Ans Toro, Sqobki wayuuTecA cnpasnaTicn c npobnemamn SreuNel aganTaiinn W BHYTPEHHEM MHTerpaUKK He cneayer ni v3 Toro, uTo camy opraHisaun- ‘omy KynsTypy KaK TaKOByIO NpH OnpeneneHHEiX ‘YorOBHAX MOXHO paccMaTpHBATe Kak YHMBepcaNb- Heil # MOUHEMWAA rpynnosolt sauyTHbA Mexa- jurom? KynsTypa kak pas w nanaeTor, - yroepxaaioT MA Vsatos f1M. Llycrepwan, - nncrpymex- ToM Compavienua W nonnepKaKMA roMeocrasHca B ‘Oprehizauyin, KaK HB MIOHOR xMBOA cHcTeMe. pM ‘To OW HOAEPKMBAIOT, 4TO, BOSHMKAR Ha OCHOBE ‘coBMecTHOrO OMbiTa, OpraHMsa4NOHHaR KyNbTyPS ‘jot ToTansHtil xapaKrep, nponBnaeTcA Bo Bex Wwareonx AeTaNAK MUSH OpraHnsaLNN v, AENA o> WeCcOsHaHKOR, KpaMHe cNOXHO nonnaercA owehevew> (Aaaion, Llycrepmat, 2004, C. 280). Pagsirwe opranisaumn, npowcxonuiee Bonen 3a WOMEHERMEM OKpYNaICLEM CPeAL, HEpAspbiBHO caasaH ¢ HeOEXORMMOCTSIO OpraRWsaLHORNEX aweveri, Ecrn Onn He yunreiBaior ocoBeHHO- rel xynsTypbi, @ cheayior HexOTOPOA, HanpAMeD, WWICTO SKOHOMMNECKOR, oraKe, cyulecTByIOWSA synbtyba CONpOTMBRAETCA HaCTONLKO CHNbHO, ATO 370 WoNeT NpHBECTH K pacrany opraHMsayNN Grenosaterbto, kateropma rpynnoso# (oprannsa- Ayjonwor) ncvxonornvecKOR SaumTth CTaHOBHTcA Weoreewnewoh KaTeropneh counanbiHo-nicwxono- Twecioro ropxona x axanway Bcero KoMnneKca poGheM peanbroh npaxrukn opranisauMOHHEIX “wawenenii Jumepamypa: 14 Aipavoss C.F, Kocrensyx H.A. O nosmus exopnopa- ‘isi Ryntrypay /! Opranieaysonioe KoncymsTHpO- sive vax pecype pasewTua oGulecrea, rocyaapct nonemann w Gusweca: Teawces HaysHo-nparTIriecKOR rokbepenun. M, 1995. C. 29-33 ‘2 Appotonc K. Opranmsausionnoe Hayvenne, M. HH ‘PAM, 2004 Sflowos AM. 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