Exercises

About the exercises.

Exercises are based on topics covered in modules. They are mainly used to supply missing steps in
derivations and verify equations and concepts discussed in modules. The answers to most of the
exercises is found in the modules itself. They will not be graded during the course.

E1. Using Internet, list as many applications as possible that utilize electromagnetic principles for
operation.

E2. Using Internet, collect pictures of different transmission lines. Try to learn the application areas of
each of these transmission lines.

E3. Derive the wave equation for current 𝑖(𝑧, 𝑡) on a uniform lossless transmission line discussed in
Module #2.

E4. Show that 𝑓(𝑧, 𝑡) = Vo cos(𝜔𝑡 − 𝛽𝑧) is a solution of the voltage wave equation of the uniform
lossless T-line.

E5. Show that 𝑔(𝑧, 𝑡) = 𝐼𝑜 sin⁡(𝜔𝑡 − 𝛽𝑧) is a solution of the current wave equation of the uniform
lossless T-line.

E6. What is the relation between 𝛽, 𝜔 and √𝐿𝐶 in E4 and E5?

E7. What is the definition of characteristic impedance of a uniform lossless transmission line?

E8. A certain lossless transmission line is terminated in (a) open circuit (b) short circuit (c) its own
characteristic impedance. What is the reflection coefficient in all the cases?

E9. Sketch the voltage and current waveforms for the terminated transmission line of E8.

E10. Show from the units of L and C that the quantity 1/√𝐿𝐶 has the units of velocity.

E11. Complete the steps leading to derivation of input impedance 𝑍𝑖𝑛 of a transmission line
terminated in load 𝑍𝐿 as discussed in Module #5.

E12. [Programming] Write a Matlab function to determine input impedance of a lossless transmission
line of length 𝑑𝑖 meters, propagation constant 𝛽𝑖 , load impedance 𝑍𝐿𝑖 , and characteristic impedance
𝑍𝑜𝑖 . Your function must take the above parameters as inputs and output the input impedance.
Assignments

About the assignments.

Assignments are used to reinforce concepts and techniques covered in the course. They are usually
MCQ and/or programming. Answers to assignments will be given one week after they are posted on
the website. We urge you to solve as many assignments as possible to get the best out of this course.
For programming, we prefer MATLAB.

Some MCQs may have more than one correct answer. You have to select all the correct answers to get
complete grade for the question.

1. Microstrip lines are mainly used in

 printed circuit boards (PCBs)

 laboratory to connect signal generator on one table to oscilloscope on the other table
 very low frequency applications
 optical wavelength range 400-800 nm

2. In the distributed circuit equivalent of the transmission line, it is assumed that

 ∆𝑧 ≫ 𝜆𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡
 ∆𝑧 ≪ 𝜆𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡
 ∆𝑧 = ∞
 all of the above

3. On a uniform lossless transmission line, the voltage is given by Vo cos(𝜔𝑡 − 𝛽𝑧). This indicates
that the voltage is

 independent of z and t
 wave travelling along +z direction
 wave travelling along -z direction
 zero at all times

4. In a lossless line, velocity of current wave is

 directly proportional to frequency of the wave

 depends only on line parameters L and C
 independent of frequency of the wave
 inversely proportional to propagation constant

5. A uniform lossless transmission line is excited by a sinusoidal voltage at z = 0. Taking 𝛽 = 2

rad/m, the phase of the voltage at 𝑧 = 𝜋/2 meters from the source with respect to z = 0 is

 0
 𝜋/2
 𝜋
 2𝜋
6. A lossless line extends from 𝑧 = 0 to 𝑧 = ∞. The line is excited by a voltage source at 𝑧 = 0. On
this line

 only +z travelling voltage wave exists

 only -z travelling voltage wave exists
 the ratio of voltage to current is constant
 the backward travelling current wave cancels forward travelling current wave

7. On a lossless transmission line

 the characteristic impedance is purely real

 the characteristic admittance is purely imaginary
 the characteristic impedance depends on frequency and propagation constant
 the characteristic impedance is √𝐿/𝐶

8. A transmission line is terminated in open circuit. Which of the following statement(s) is (are)
correct?

 Voltage is maximum at the load

 Current is maximum at the load
 The magnitude of the reflection coefficient is unity
 A standing wave pattern exists on the transmission line

9. A transmission line is terminated in short circuit. Which of the following statement(s) is (are)
correct?

 Voltage is maximum at the load

 Current is maximum at the load
 The magnitude of the reflection coefficient is unity
 A standing wave pattern exists on the transmission line

10. A transmission line is terminated in its own characteristic impedance. Which of the following
statement(s) is (are) correct?

 Voltage is zero at the load

 The load can be replaced with an infinite length line of same characteristic impedance without
affecting waves on the transmission line
 The magnitude of the reflection coefficient is zero
 A standing wave pattern does not exist on the transmission line
11. A lossless transmission line operating at 100 MHz is terminated in pure inductance of⁡+𝑗𝑍𝑜 . The
load reflection coefficient is

a. +𝑗
b. −𝑗
c. 0
d. 1

12. A lossless transmission line operating at 100 MHz is terminated in pure capacitance of −𝑗𝑍𝑜 . The
load reflection coefficient is

a. +𝑗
b. −𝑗
c. 0
d. 1

13. In the circuit shown in Fig. 1, the load ZL is 100 ohms. The transmission coefficient from line 1 to
line 2 is
2.𝑍𝐿𝐼𝐼
Ans: 𝜏 = 𝑍 ⁡where⁡𝑍𝐿𝐼𝐼 = ⁡ 𝑍𝐿 ||𝑍02
𝐿𝐼𝐼 +𝑍01

𝑍𝐿𝐼𝐼 = 20⁡ohms

𝜏 = 0.5714⁡

14. In the circuit shown in Fig. 1, the reflection coefficient at the load ZL = 200 ohms is

Figure 1. Two transmission lines connected at z = 0

𝑍 −𝑍
Ans: 𝐿 = 𝑍 𝐿II+⁡𝑍01 ⁡where⁡𝑍𝐿II = ⁡ 𝑍𝐿 ||𝑍02
𝐿II 01

𝑍𝐿II = 22.22⁡ohms

𝐿 = ⁡ −0.384657

15. For the transmission line problem discussed in Module #5, if the source and load resistances are
interchanged, the amplitude 𝑉𝑜+ is

𝑍2 1
Ans: 𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑍0 = 100⁡ohms⁡;⁡ 𝐿 = ⁡ − 3 ⁡;⁡|𝑉𝑜+ | = 3.75⁡𝑉
𝐿
Week-2 Exercises

1. Derive the differential equation showing the variation of voltage phasor along the
transmission line. Module #6.
2. Conversion of attenuation constant units from Neper/meter to dB/m. Module #6
3. Verify the expression of V0+ discussed in Module #7.
4. Verify the expression of the voltage on transmission line after substituting the
reflection coefficient in polar form in Module #8.
5. Verify the expressions of Vmax and Vmin discussed in Module #8
6. Find the location of the first maxima when the transmission line is terminated with
pure capacitance. Module #8
7. By applying KVL, verify if the T-Network discussed in Module #9 is exact
equivalent of the matrix relationship shown in the video.
8. For the problem of interfacing two IC’s with T-lines discussed in Module #9
calculate the value of Z12
9. The characteristic impedance of a line is purely real. Does this mean that the line
is lossless? (Yes/No).
10. The SWR on a transmission line terminated in its own impedance is unity
(Yes/No).
11. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is complex at the operating
frequency. The line is terminated in its own characteristic impedance. The SWR
on the line is (unity/infinity/zero).
12. One can obtain any value of reactance by changing the length of a lossless
transmission line terminated in short circuit. Suppose the length of the line is to
remain fixed. How can different reactances be generated?
13. Sketch the standing wave pattern on a lossless transmission line when
terminated in (a) open circuit, (b) short cirucit, (c) pure inductor, (d) its own
characteristic impedance.
14. On a lossless transmission line terminated in an unknown load, the SWR
depends on frequency of operation (Yes/No).
15. What length of transmission line should be used to convert a pure inductance
load to a pure capacitive reactance?
16. Repeat exercise 7 if the load is pure inductance and we desire to convert to pure
capacitance.
17. [Difficult] Determine the line voltage on a lossy transmission line at a distance of
λ/8 from the load if attenuation coefficient = 0.01/m and propagation coefficient =
31.415 rad/m. Assume that the line is terminated in open circuit load. The
incident voltage amplitude is 100 V.
18. [Difficult] What is the incident voltage amplitude on a lossless transmission line
of length terminated in a short circuit?
Assignment #2

1. Given the primary constants L and C of a transmission line to be 2 nH/m and 13

pF/m, the phase velocity on the line is (in G m/sec) where G=10^9

Ans. Up=1/√𝐿𝐶= 6.2

2. For problem 1, the characteristic impedance Zo of the line is (in ohms)

Ans:
𝐿
𝑍0 = √𝐶 = 12.4 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
3. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is 50 ohms and the phase
velocity is 0.67c, where c is the speed of light in vacuum. The primary constant C
is (Ans. 100 pF/m)

4. For problem 3, the primary constant L is (Ans. 250 nH/m)

5. A transmission line (Zo=100 ohms and up=2x10^8 m/s) is terminated in pure

capacitance of C = 20 pF. The operating frequency of the line is 2 GHz. The real
part of load reflection coefficient is
1
𝑍𝐿 = = −3.97𝑗
𝑗𝜔𝐶
𝑍𝐿 − 𝑍0
𝐿 = = −0.9968 − 0.0792𝑗
𝑍𝐿 + 𝑍0
|𝐿 | ~ 1 = 0.999
6. For problem 5, the position of first voltage minima from the load (z=0) is at (in
meters)
Ans:
0.0792
∅𝐿 = tan−1 = 0.07928
0.9968
−𝜋 − ∅𝐿
𝑍𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = −0.038
2𝛽
7. For problem 5, the first voltage maxima from the load occurs at (in meters)
0.0792
∅𝐿 = tan−1 = 0.07928
0.9968
2𝜋 − ∅𝐿
𝑍𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = −0.076
2𝛽
8. A transmission line having characteristic impedance of 50 ohms is terminated in
a complex load impedance of 50+j100 ohms. The operating frequency on the line
is 100 MHz. The line is 0.125λ long. The input impedance seen looking into the
transmission line is (ohms)
2𝜋 𝜆 𝜋
And: 𝛽𝑙 = . =
𝜆 8 4
𝑍 +𝑗𝑍
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑍0 [𝑍𝐿+𝑗𝑍0 ] = 50(1 − 2𝑗)
0 𝐿
9. If the load in problem 8 is replaced by a short circuit, the new value of input
impedance is (in ohms)
Ans: 𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑗50

10. A certain uniform lossless transmission line is terminated in complex load

(1+j0.25)Zo. The voltage maxima, normalized to incident voltage amplitude, on
the line is
Ans:
𝑍𝐿 − 𝑍0
𝐿 = = 0.01538 + 0.12307𝑗
𝑍𝐿 + 𝑍0
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
= 1 + |𝐿 | = 1.12
𝑉0+

11. The current minima, normalized to incident current amplitude, for the
transmission line problem in 10 is
𝑍𝐿 − 𝑍0
𝐿 = = 0.01538 + 0.12307𝑗
𝑍𝐿 + 𝑍0
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛
= 1 − |𝐿 | = 0.88
𝑉0+

12. Two ICs are interconnected by a 1 cm long microstrip line. The driver IC sends a
pulse of 10 V amplitude and 2 ns risetime, 0.8 ns fall time, and 1 ns width down
the line to the load IC. Using the thumb rule discussed in lectures, should the
microstrip line be treated as a transmission line?·
Yes
No
Information about phase velocity is required to answer this question

13. For the problem above, highest frequency of interest (according to thumb rule of
0.25/tr) is
Ans:
𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.3125 𝐺𝐻𝑧
 14. The standing wave ratio on a lossless line is 2. The magnitude of the reflection
coefficient on the line is
𝑆−1
𝐿 = = 1/3
𝑆+1

15. For the transmission line problem of 10, SWR on the line is

1 + |𝐿 |
𝑆= = 1.28
1 − |𝐿 |
16. The voltage on a transmission line is given by V(t) = 150cos(7.5x1010t-500z). The
frequency, phase velocity, and wavelength are
Ans:
𝜔
𝜔 = 7.5 × 1010 ; 𝑓 = = 1.19366 × 1010 𝐻𝑧 = 11.94 𝐺𝐻𝑧
2𝜋
𝜔
𝛽 = 500 ; 𝑈𝑝 = = 0.375 × 109 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝛽
𝑐
𝜆 = = 0.025 𝑚
𝑓

17. An infinite length transmission line is lossless and has a characteristic impedance
of 50 ohms. A signal generator with internal impedance of 100+j50 ohms and
amplitude of 100 volts rms is connected to the input of the transmission line at z
= 0. The sending end voltage, sending end current, and input impedance are
Ans:
V=10(1-3j)
I= 0.2(1-3j)
Zin= 50

18. In the problem 18, if the transmission line is terminated at z=λ/10 with a load 100
ohms, the sending end voltage is
Zin= 49.104-j35.025
V=30.268-26.53j

19. A transmission line has R = 0.053 ohms/m, L = 0.62 µH/m, C = 40 pF/m. The
characteristic impedance of the line at 900 MHz is

Ans:
𝑅 + 𝑗𝜔𝐿
𝑍0 = √ = 124.5 − 𝑗9.4𝑒 − 4
𝐺 + 𝑗𝜔𝐶
 20. For the transmission line in problem 20, the attenuation coefficient is
𝛼 = 0.0002 + 28.1610𝑖
21. Two ICs are interconnected by a 1 cm long microstrip line. The driver IC sends a
pulse of 10 V amplitude and 0.1 ns risetime, 0.1 ns fall time, and 1 ns width down
the line to the load IC. Using the thumb rule discussed in lectures, should the
microstrip line be treated as a transmission line?
Yes
· No
· Information about phase velocity is required to answer this question
Exercises

1. Complete the derivation of equation for constant x circles of a Smith chart.

2. Complete the derivation of equation for constant r circles of a Smith chart.

3. Locate (i) short circuit impedance, (ii) open circuit impedance, (iii) matched impedance points on
Smith chart.

Assignment #3

1. It is desired to obtain a normalized reactance of +j0.5 using an open circuited lossless transmission
line of length l. If the frequency of operation is 2 GHz, the minimum length ℓ in terms of wavelength
is

𝑍𝑜𝑐
= −𝑗 cot 𝛽𝑙 = 𝑗0.5
𝑍0
𝛽𝑙 = cot −1 −0.5 = −1.1071
𝑙
= −0.1762 𝑜𝑟 − 0.0796
𝜆

[For problems 2-7 use Smith Chart]

2. A transmission line having characteristic impedance of 50 ohms is terminated in a complex load

impedance of 50+j100 ohms. The operating frequency on the line is 100 MHz. The line is 0.125λ long.
The real part of the input impedance seen looking into the transmission line is (in ohms)

𝑍 +𝑗𝑍
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑍0 [𝑍𝐿+𝑗𝑍0 ] = 50(1 − 2𝑗)
0 𝐿

3. For problem 2, the imaginary part of the input impedance seen looking into the transmission line
is (in ohms)

𝑍 +𝑗𝑍
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑍0 [𝑍𝐿+𝑗𝑍0 ] = 50(1 − 2𝑗)
0 𝐿
4. If the load in problem 2 is replaced by a short circuit, the new value of real part of the complex
input impedance is (in ohms)

𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑗𝑍0 tan 𝛽𝑙 = 𝑗50

5. If the load in problem 2 is replaced by a short circuit, the new value of imaginary part of the
complex input impedance is (in ohms)

𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑗𝑍0 tan 𝛽𝑙 = 𝑗50

6. If the load in problem 2 is replaced by an open circuit, the new value of real part of the complex
input admittance is (mhos)

𝑍𝑖𝑛 = −𝑗𝑍0 cot 𝛽𝑙 = −𝑗50

 1
𝑌𝑖𝑛 = = 𝑗0.02
𝑍𝑖𝑛

7. If the load in problem 2 is replaced by an open circuit, the new value of imaginary part of the
complex input admittance is (in mhos)

𝑍𝑖𝑛 = −𝑗𝑍0 cot 𝛽𝑙 = −𝑗50

1
𝑌𝑖𝑛 = = 𝑗0.02
𝑍𝑖𝑛

8. Consider a transmission line of length ℓ = 0.1λ. The transmission line has a characteristic
impedance of 50 ohms. The magnitude of Z12 parameter of the T-equivalent circuit of the
transmission line is (in ohms)

𝑍12 = −𝑗𝑍0 csc 𝛽𝑙 = −𝑗85.065

[For problems 9-17 use Smith chart]

9. If the measured reflection coefficient on a line is 0.4+j0.2, the corresponding normalized load
impedance (real part only) is

1 + 𝐿 1.4 + 𝑗0.2
𝑍𝐿′ = = = 2 + 𝑗1
1 − 𝐿 0.6 + 𝑗0.2

10. For problem 10, the normalized load impedance (imaginary part only) is

1 + 𝐿 1.4 + 𝑗0.2
𝑍𝐿′ = = = 2 + 𝑗1
1 − 𝐿 0.6 + 𝑗0.2

11. Given load impedance of 100+j200 ohms connected to a transmission line of 50 ohms
characteristic impedance, the magnitude of the reflection coefficient is

𝑍𝐿 − 𝑍0
𝐿 = = 0.76 + 𝑗0.32
𝑍𝐿 + 𝑍0

|𝐿 | = 0.824

12. Given load impedance of 30+j25 ohms connected to a transmission line of 50 ohms characteristic
impedance, the nearest location from the load at which the impedance is real is (in terms of
wavelength λ)

𝑙
= 0.154
𝜆
13. For problem 12, the nearest location from the load at which the impedance is real and maximum
is (in terms of wavelength λ)

𝑙
= 0.154
𝜆
14. For problem 12, the nearest location from the load at which the impedance is real and minimum
is (in terms of wavelength λ)

𝑙
= 0.4046
𝜆
15. For problem 12, the location of first voltage maxima from the load is ((in terms of wavelength λ)

𝑙 −2𝜋 − ∅𝐿
= = −0.4046
𝜆 4𝜋
16. The VSWR patterns measured along a transmission line terminated in unknown load is shown in
figure here. From the data given in figure, the real part of the unknown complex load is (in ohms)
[Take characteristic impedance of 50 ohms]

Vmax = 4, Vmin = 2.5

Vmax
𝑆= = 1.6
Vmin
𝑆−1
|𝐿 | = = 0.2308
𝑆+1
𝐿 = 0 + 𝑗0.2308
𝑍𝐿 = 𝑍0 (0.8989 + 𝑗0.4383)
𝑍𝐿 = 44.9425 + 𝑗21.9127

17. The VSWR patterns measured along a transmission line terminated in unknown load is shown in
figure here. From the data given in figure, the imaginary part of the unknown complex load is (in
ohms) [Take characteristic impedance of 50 ohms]

Vmax = 4, Vmin = 2.5

 Vmax
𝑆= = 1.6
Vmin
𝑆−1
|𝐿 | = = 0.2308
𝑆+1
𝐿 = 0 + 𝑗0.2308
𝑍𝐿 = 𝑍0 (0.8989 + 𝑗0.4383)
𝑍𝐿 = 44.9425 + 𝑗21.9127

18. A quarter wave transformer (QWT) is used to match a section of the transmission line of
characteristic impedance 75 ohms with load of 100 ohms. The characteristic impedance of the QWT
is (in ohms)

𝑅0 = √𝑅𝐿 𝑅𝐺 = 86.6025

19. A certain generator of 100 volts, 25 ohm internal impedance is to be matched to a load such that
maximum power is delivered to the load. The required load resistance to achieve this is (in ohms)

𝑉𝐺2
𝑃𝐴 = = 400𝑊
𝑅𝑠
1
𝑃𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑃𝐴 = 200 𝑊
2
𝑉𝐺2
𝑅𝐿 = = 12.5 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
4 𝑃𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥
20. In problem 19, the amount of power delivered to the load is (in Watts)

𝑉𝐺2
𝑃𝐴 = = 400𝑊
𝑅𝑠
1
𝑃𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑃𝐴 = 200 𝑊
2
𝑉𝐺2
𝑅𝐿 = = 12.5 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
4 𝑃𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥
Exercises

For all the problems discussed in the lectures, find the voltage at load side at different time instances
using lattice diagram.

Assignment #4

Consider the circuit shown in Fig. 1. A voltage generator (100 V, 150 Ω) is connected to the
transmission line at t = 0 by closing the switch S. The transmission line has characteristic impedance
Zo = 50 ohms and length ℓ such that one-way delay is 5 ns. Based on the data given and figure
shown answer the questions 1-7.

Figure 1. Circuit for questions 1-7.

1. The load reflection coefficient Γ𝐿 is (1 mark)

I. -1
II. +1
III. 0
IV. 1/2

2. The reflection coefficient at generator end Γ𝐺 is (1 mark)

I. -1
II. +1
III. 0
IV. 1/2

3. The amplitude of the initially launched voltage towards load, 𝑉1+ is (2 marks)

I. 50 V
II. 100 V
III. 25 V
IV. 75 V

4. The voltage at the midpoint of the transmission line (𝑧 = ℓ/2) at time 𝑡 = 12 ns is (2 marks)

I. 50 V
II. 62.5 V
III. 25 V
IV. 37.5 V

5. The voltage at the midpoint of the transmission line (𝑧 = ℓ/2) at time 𝑡 = 13 ns is (2 marks)
 I. 50 V
II. 62.5 V
III. 25 V
IV. 37.5 V

6. The voltage at the load at time 15 ns is (2 marks)

I. 50 V
II. 62.5 V
III. 75 V
IV. 37.5 V

7. The voltage at the load in the steady state (𝑡 = ∞) is (1 mark)

I. 0V
II. 62.5 V
III. 87.5 V
IV. 100 V

8. A lossless transmission line of characteristic impedance 75 ohms connects a resistive load of

unknown value and a battery of 100 V and unknown internal resistance at time t = 0. The voltage at
the mid-point on the transmission line, recorded by an ideal oscilloscope is shown in Fig. 2. From the
figure, which of the following statements is true? (2 marks)

I. load resistance > Zo

II. load resistance < Zo
III. load resistance = Zo

9. Referring to question 8, which of the following statements is true? (2 marks)

I. battery internal resistance > Zo

II. battery internal resistance < Zo
III. battery internal resistance = Zo

Figure 2. For questions 8 and 9.

10. A lossless transmission line of characteristic impedance 75 ohms connects a resistive load of
unknown value and a battery of 100 V and unknown internal resistance at time t = 0. The voltage at
the mid-point on the transmission line, recorded by an ideal oscilloscope is shown in Fig. 3. From the
figure, which of the following statements is true? (2 marks)

I. load resistance > Zo

II. load resistance < Zo
III. load resistance = Zo

11. Referring to question 10, which of the following statements is true? (2 marks)
 I. battery internal resistance > Zo
II. battery internal resistance < Zo
III. battery internal resistance = Zo

Figure 3. For questions 10 and 11.

12. Figure 4 shows measured TDR traces at source end of transmission line circuits terminated in
unknown impedances. The unknown impedance in order is (3 marks)

Inductance + resistive load, pure capacitance, and short circuit load

Pure Inductance, pure capacitance, and open circuit load
Pure Inductance, inductance + capacitance, and open circuit load
Resistance + Inductance, resistance + capacitance, and open circuit load

Figure 4. TDR traces for question 12.

Exercises

Assignment #5

1. The minimum number of unit vectors required to specify a line in a plane is

I. One
II. Two
III. Three
IV. zero

2. Given a vector 𝐴⃗ = 2𝑥̂ + 3𝑦̂ + 4𝑧̂ , the length of the vector is

I. 9
II. 29
III. 5.38
IV. 2.32

3. The angle that vector in problem 2 makes with x-axis is

I. 33.89o
II. 21.82o
III. 68.17o
IV. 56.11o

⃗⃗ = −2𝑥̂ − 3𝑦̂ + 5𝑧̂ . Define 𝐶⃗ = 𝐴⃗ − 𝐵

4. Let 𝐴⃗ = 3𝑥̂ − 2𝑦̂ − 4𝑧̂ and 𝐵 ⃗⃗. The magnitude of 𝐶⃗ is

I. 10.34
II. 9
III. 4.47
IV. 20

⃗⃗ in problem 4, the value of 𝐴⃗ ∙ 𝐵

5. For the vectors 𝐴⃗ and 𝐵 ⃗⃗ is

I. -20
II. 20
III. -3
IV. 4.47

6. Two vectors are perpendicular if

I. the angle between them is 180 degrees

II. the angle between them is 90o
III. their cross-product is unity
IV. their dot product is unity

7. Identify scalar fields in the following.

I. Temperature as a function of position in a room on a hot day

II. Force experienced by a charge due to a source charge as a function of position
 III. Electrostatic potential throughout space
IV. Height of a mountain at various places measured from the ground

8. Identify vector fields in the following.

I. Temperature as a function of position in a room on a hot day

II. Force experienced by a charge due to a source charge as a function of position
III. Electrostatic potential throughout space
IV. Height of a mountain at various places measured from the ground

9. The gradient of a scalar field 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 at (1, −1) is

I. 2𝑥̂ − 2𝑦̂
II. 2𝑥̂ + 2𝑦̂
III. 0
IV. not defined at (1, −1)

10. Which of the following operations is not allowed?

I. Gradient of a vector field

II. Gradient of a vector field component
III. Gradient of a scalar field
IV. Dot product of gradient of a scalar field and unit vector along 𝑥̂

11. The vector 𝐴⃗ = 𝑟𝜙̂ in Cartesian coordinates is

I. −𝑦𝑥̂ − 𝑥𝑦̂
II. −𝑦𝑥̂ + 𝑥𝑦̂
III. 𝑥̂ − 𝑦̂
IV. 𝑥̂

12. The direction of the unit vectors 𝑟̂ and 𝜙̂ in cylindrical coordinates are independent of the
angle 𝜙.

I. True
II. False

13. The direction of the unit vectors 𝑥̂ and 𝑦̂ depend on the position (𝑥, 𝑦).

I. True
II. False

14. In Cartesian coordinates, the position 𝑃(3, 300 , 1) is represented by

I. 𝑦̂ + 2𝑧̂
II. 𝑦̂ − 2𝑧̂
III. 3𝑥̂ + 𝑦̂ + 2𝑧̂
IV. 2.6𝑥̂ + 1.5𝑦̂ + 1𝑧̂

15. In rectangular Cartesian coordinate systems, the unit vectors 𝑦̂ and 𝑧̂ are parallel to each other.
 I. True
II. False
Exercises

Assignment #6

1. The divergence of a vector field results in a scalar quantity.

I. True
II. False

2. Given a vector⃗⃗⃗𝐴 = 2𝑥̂ + 3𝑦̂ + 4𝑧̂ , the divergence of the vector is

I. 9
II. 0
III. 0̂ (Null vector)

3. The divergence of 𝐹 = 𝑥 2 𝑥̂ + 𝑥𝑦𝑦̂ + 4𝑧̂ is

I. 3𝑥
II. 3𝑥 + 4
III. 3𝑥𝑥̂ + 4𝑧̂
IV. 2𝑥𝑥̂ + 𝑥𝑦̂

⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
4. In a certain closed region in space, the integral ∯ 𝐷 𝑑𝑠 is +3 units. This indicates

I. that the region encloses a net positive charge of 3 units

II. that the region encloses a net negative charge of 3 units
III. there is an equal amount of positive and negative charges in the region
IV. divergence of 𝐷⃗ is zero

⃗ (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) which of the following operations is not

5. Given scalar field 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) and vector field 𝐷
allowed?

I. ⃗
∇𝑓 ∙ 𝐷
II. ∇ ∙ (𝑓𝐷⃗)
III. ⃗)
𝑓(∇ ∙ 𝐷
IV. ⃗
(∇ × 𝑓) ∙ 𝐷

6. A vector field is solenoidal if

I. its divergence is zero everywhere

II. its curl is zero everywhere
III. the magnitude of its gradient is unity everywhere

7. A vector field is irrotational if

I. its divergence is zero everywhere

II. its curl is zero everywhere
III. the magnitude of its gradient is unity everywhere
8. According to Coulomb's law, the intensity of the electric field of a point charge kept at the origin

I. is proportional to inverse square of the distance from the charge

II. is directly proportional to square of the distance from the charge
III. independent of the test charge

9. The vector field 𝐺 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 2𝑦 𝑥̂ has zero curl.

I. True
II. False

⃗ of a current carrying wire is given by ̂

10. The magnetic field 𝐻 𝜙(𝐾/𝑟), where 𝐾 is a constant. The
⃗ is
curl of 𝐻 2 marks

I. 2𝐾 when 𝑟 ≠ 0
II. 2𝜋𝐾 when 𝑟 ≠ 0
III. 0𝑟 ≠0
IV. is infinite at 𝑟 = 0

⃗ (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) what is ∇ × 𝑓𝐷
11. Given scalar field 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) and vector field 𝐷 ⃗ ? 3 marks

I. ⃗
(∇ × 𝑓) ∙ 𝐷
II. ⃗
(∇𝑓) × 𝐷
III. ⃗ + 𝑓∇ × 𝐷
(∇𝑓) × 𝐷 ⃗

12. Identify Gauss's law for electrostatics from the following.

I. ∇ ∙ 𝐸⃗ = 𝜌
II. ∇ ∙ 𝐸⃗ = 𝜌/𝜀0
III. ∇∙𝐷 ⃗ = 𝜌/𝜀0
IV. ⃗ =0
∇∙𝐷

13. Identify Gauss's law for magnetostatics from the following.

I. ⃗ =𝐽
∇∙𝐵
II. ⃗ =0
∇∙𝐵
III. ∇×𝐵⃗ =0
IV. ⃗ =0
∇×𝐻

14. Identify Ampere's law for magnetostatics from the following.

I. ∇×𝐵⃗ = 𝜇0 𝐽
II. ⃗ =0
∇∙𝐵
III. ∇×𝐻⃗ = 𝐽/𝜇0
IV. ⃗ =0
∇∙𝐻
15. The magnitude of the electric field of a point charge is found to be 𝐸0 V/m. If the charge is now
doubled, what happens to the magnitude to the electric field at the same point?

I. Magnitude remains same

II. Magnitude doubles
III. Magnitude halves

16. A charge q is moving in a magnetic field 𝐵𝑦̂ with uniform velocity along x-direction. The force
experienced by the charge is along

I. z-direction
II. x-direction
III. y-direction
1. The capacitance per unit length between two coaxial cylinders having radii a & b. (a<b)
2𝜋𝜖
 𝑎
ln( )
𝑏
2𝜋𝜖
 𝑏
ln( )
𝑎
2𝜋𝜖
 ln⁡(𝑎𝑏)
 𝑁𝑜𝑛𝑒⁡𝑜𝑓⁡𝑡ℎ𝑒⁡𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒⁡

2. When no time varying fields are present, it is not possible to assign to each position in space
a value of electrostatic potential.
 True
 False
3. What does the direction of ⁡∇⃗⃗⃗ ∅ indicates
 ⁡∇⃗⃗⃗ ∅ do not have any direction
 Direction in which ∅ increases rapidly
𝑑∅
 Direction in which 𝑑𝑥 increases rapidly
𝑑∅
 Direction in which 𝑑𝑧 increases rapidly

4. Scalar Laplacian operation on the scalar field to produce another scalar field is equivalent to
 Gradient operation followed by divergence operation
 Divergence operation followed by gradient operation
 Divergence operation followed by curl operation
 Curl operation followed by divergence operation

5. The electric field of a point charge q, located at the origin is given by

𝑞 ⃗⃗
⁡r
 ⃗⃗⃗
⁡𝐸 = ⁡ ⁡ 3 ⃗⃗ |
4𝜋𝜖 |⁡r
𝑞 ⃗⃗
⁡r
 ⃗⃗⃗
⁡𝐸 = ⁡ 4𝜋𝜖 ⁡ |⁡r
⃗⃗ |2
𝑞 ⃗⃗
⁡r
 ⃗⃗⃗
⁡𝐸 = ⁡ 4𝜋𝜖𝜇 ⁡ ⃗⃗ 3
|⁡r|
𝑞 ⃗⃗
⁡r
 ⃗⃗⃗
⁡𝐸 = ⁡ 4𝜋𝜖𝜇 ⁡ |⁡r ⃗⃗ |2

6. Which of the following statement(s) are true

 Laplace equation is the simplified equation of Poisson’s equation under no charge
condition
 Poisson’s equation is the simplified equation of Laplace equation under no charge
condition
 Laplace and Poisson’s equation are not related to each other
 All of the above
7. The tangential component of ‘H’ is continuous across a boundary between two materials
with different⁡𝜇.
 True
 False
8. Which of the following statement(s) boundary conditions are true, at the interface between
two dielectrics
 𝐸𝑇1 ⁡ ≠ ⁡ 𝐸𝑇2 ⁡
 𝐸𝑇1 = ⁡ 𝐸𝑇2 ⁡
 𝐷𝑁1 = ⁡ 𝐷𝑁2 ⁡(⁡𝑖𝑓⁡𝑛𝑜⁡𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠⁡𝑎𝑟𝑒⁡𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡⁡𝑜𝑛⁡𝑡ℎ𝑒⁡𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒)⁡
 𝐷𝑁1 − ⁡ 𝐷𝑁2 = ⁡𝜎⁡(⁡𝑖𝑓⁡𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠⁡𝑎𝑟𝑒⁡𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡⁡𝑜𝑛⁡𝑡ℎ𝑒⁡𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒)⁡

9. Which of the following statement(s) boundary conditions are true, at the interface between
two conductors
 𝐽𝑁1 = ⁡ 𝐽𝑁2 (𝑓𝑜𝑟⁡𝑛𝑜𝑛⁡𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒⁡𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔⁡𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠)
 𝐽𝑁2 − ⁡ 𝐽𝑁1 = ⁡ −𝑗𝜔𝜎(𝑓𝑜𝑟⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦⁡𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒⁡𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔⁡𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠)
 𝐽𝑁1 = ⁡ 𝐽𝑁2 (𝑓𝑜𝑟⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦⁡𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒⁡𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔⁡𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠)
 𝐽𝑁2 − ⁡ 𝐽𝑁1 = ⁡ −𝑗𝜔𝜎(𝑓𝑜𝑟⁡𝑛𝑜𝑛⁡𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒⁡𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔⁡𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠)
1. The magnetic flux through the surface is equal to
 Surface integral of ‘B’ over that surface.
 Surface integral of ‘H’ over that surface.
 Line integral of ‘B’ over that surface.
 Line integral of ‘H’ over that surface.

2. The direction of the force, acting on the wire of length ⃗⃗⃗⃗

dl carrying a current I in a magnetic
field ⃗⃗⃗𝐵 is
 Perpendicular to both ⃗⃗⃗⃗dl and magnetic field
 Parallel to both ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dl and magnetic field
 Perpendicular to ⃗⃗⃗⃗dl and Parallel to magnetic field
 Parallel to ⃗⃗⃗⃗
dl and Perpendicular to magnetic field

3. The magnetic field arising from the current in a long straight wire has
 The form of circles centered on the wire.()
 Direction same as the direction of the current.
 Direction opposite to the direction of the current.
 Magnetic field and the current are not related to each other

4. A current element is located at the origin and is directed in the +y direction. By inspection
determine the direction of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
dH at (a) (1,0,0) (b) (0,0,1)

(a) –z direction (b) x direction ()

(a) +z direction (b) – x direction

(a) +x direction (b) -z direction

(a) +z direction (b) +x direction

5. Identify the magneto Static Curl equation among the options given here
 ∇×𝐵 ⃗ = 𝜇0 𝐽
 ∇×𝐵 ⃗ =0
 ∇×𝐻 ⃗ =𝐽
 ∇×𝐻 ⃗ =0
6. Determine the polarisation of the wave represented by the equation
⃗⃗⃗E = 𝐸0 (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑒𝑦 )𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝑧
𝑒𝑥 − 𝑗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
 Circularly polarised in the clockwise direction ()
 Circularly polarised in the anti-clockwise direction
 Circularly polarised in the anti-clockwise direction
 Linearly polarised
 Elliptical polarisation
7. Find the phasor representing⃗⃗⃗E field for a linearly polarised plane wave with ⃗⃗⃗E in the
𝑒𝑥 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
direction of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑒𝑦 , propagating in the –z direction
𝐸0
 ⃗⃗⃗E = (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑒𝑦 )𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝑧
𝑒𝑥 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
√2
𝐸0
 ⃗⃗⃗E = (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑒𝑦 )𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝑧
𝑒𝑥 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
√2
𝐸0
 ⃗⃗⃗E = (−⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑒𝑦 )𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝑧
𝑒𝑥 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
√2
𝐸0
 ⃗⃗⃗E = (−⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑒𝑦 )𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝑧
𝑒𝑥 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
√2

8. For the data given in question 7, find the phasor representation for ⃗⃗⃗H field.
𝐸
 ⃗⃗⃗H = 0 (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑒𝑦 )𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝑧
𝑒𝑥 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
√2𝜂
𝐸0
 ⃗⃗⃗H = (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑒𝑦 )𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝑧
𝑒𝑥 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
√2𝜂
𝐸0
 ⃗⃗⃗H = (−⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑒𝑦 )𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝑧
𝑒𝑥 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
√2𝜂
𝐸0
 ⃗⃗⃗H = (−⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑒𝑦 )𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝑧
𝑒𝑥 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
√2𝜂

9. A plane wave in vacuum with angular frequency 𝜔 propagate in the direction if the unit
vector⃗⃗⃗u = 𝐴⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑒𝑥 + 𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑒𝑦 where A=0.65 and B=0.76. The electric field points in the z-direction
and has amplitude 𝐸0 . The phase angle at the origin is zero. Find the phasor 𝐸𝑧
 ⃗⃗⃗E = 𝐸0 . exp[−𝑗𝜔√𝜇𝜖(0.65𝑥 + 0.76𝑦)]
 ⃗⃗⃗E = 𝐸0 . exp[−𝑗𝜔√𝜇𝜖(−0.65𝑥 + 0.76𝑦)]
 ⃗⃗⃗E = 𝐸0 . exp[−𝑗𝜔√𝜇𝜖(0.65𝑥 − 0.76𝑦)]
 ⃗⃗⃗E = 𝐸0 . exp[−𝑗𝜔√𝜇𝜖(−0.65𝑥 − 0.76𝑦)]
Q1. Skin effect increases the effective resistance of conductors at high frequencies

 True
 False

Q2. The boundary conditions at the surface of a good conductor are

 Tangential component of ⃗⃗⃗E is nearly zero, and normal component of ⃗⃗⃗H is nearly zero.
 Tangential component of ⃗⃗⃗E is nearly zero, and tangential component of ⃗⃗⃗H is nearly zero.
 Normal component of ⃗⃗⃗E is nearly zero, and normal component of ⃗⃗⃗H is nearly zero.
 Tangential component of ⃗⃗⃗H is nearly zero, and normal component of ⃗⃗⃗E is nearly zero.

Q3. At very low frequencies, EM fields begin to resemble static fields. Such fields are said to be

 Quasi-Static
 Static
 Dynamic
 None of the above

Q4. Surface impedance is used for calculating [multiple options can be selected]

 Resistance of the metal conductors

 Resistive power loss
 Reactance of the metal conductors
 All the above

Q5. Suppose a conductive material fills half of space, and its boundary with air passes through the
origin and is perpendicular to the vector 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑒𝑥 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑒𝑦 . The negative half of x-axis is inside the material.
The phasor representing the current density at the surface is J0 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑒𝑧 . Obtain an expression for
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐽0 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) inside the conductor [assume 𝜎𝐸 ≫ 𝜔𝜖] [2 marks]

 ⃗J = 𝐽0 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑒𝑧 . exp[(1 + 𝑗)(0.89𝑥 + 0.45𝑦)/𝛿]
 ⃗J = 𝐽0 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑒𝑥 . exp[(1 + 𝑗)(−0.89𝑥 + 0.45𝑦)/𝛿]
 ⃗J = 𝐽0 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑒𝑦 . exp[(1 + 𝑗)(0.89𝑥 + 0.45𝑦)/𝛿]
 ⃗J = 𝐽0 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑒𝑧 . exp[(1 + 𝑗)(−0.89𝑥 − 0.45𝑦)/𝛿]

Q6. An iron core inductor operating at 100kHz, having 50 turns of copper wire with radius of 2mm.
The total length of the wire is 15.7 m, the cross sectional area of the iron core is 0.785 cm2, its
relative permeability is 5000, and the length of the flux path is 11cm. Estimate the internal
inductance and resistance [2 marks]

 1.64E-07 H, 0.103 ohms

 1.64E-09 H, 0.103 kohms
 1.64 micro H, 0.103 ohms
 1.64E-07 H, 0.103 Mohms

Q7. Two linearly polarised waves in x and y direction having equal amplitudes, one wave is delayed
90 degress in phase with respect to the other. The polarisation of the wave, which is result of
addition of these two waves, is
 Linearly polarised along +z direction
 Linearly polarised along -z direction
 Circularly Polarised
 Elliptically polarized
 Applied Electromagnetics For Engineers - - Unit 11 - Week 10 lectures

Assignment 10
.

1) 1 point

Accepted Answers:

2) 2 points

https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc17_ee18/unit?unit=109&assessment=115
29/12/2017 Applied Electromagnetics For Engineers - - Unit 11 - Week 10 lectures
Accepted Answers:

3) 3 points

Accepted Answers:

4) 1 point

Accepted Answers:

5) 1 point

Accepted Answers:

6)

Note: Answer must be in integer form

https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc17_ee18/unit?unit=109&assessment=115 2/3
29/12/2017 Applied Electromagnetics For Engineers - - Unit 11 - Week 10 lectures

Accepted Answers:
(Type: String) 50

1 point

7) 1 point

Accepted Answers:

https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc17_ee18/unit?unit=109&assessment=115 3/3
29/12/2017 Applied Electromagnetics For Engineers - - Unit 12 - Week 11 lectures

Unit 12 - Week 11 lectures

Assignment 11
.

1)

NOTE: Answer must be in integer form.

Accepted Answers:
(Type: String) 11

2 points

2)

NOTE: Answer must be in integer form

Accepted Answers:
(Type: String) 4

1 point

3) 1 point

Accepted Answers:

4) 2 points

https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc17_ee18/unit?unit=116&assessment=123 1/3
29/12/2017 Applied Electromagnetics For Engineers - - Unit 12 - Week 11 lectures

Accepted Answers:

5) 2 points

Accepted Answers:

6) 2 points

Accepted Answers:

https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc17_ee18/unit?unit=116&assessment=123 2/3
X

Courses » Applied Electromagnetics For Engineers

Unit 13 - Week 12

Week-12: Assignment 

1) An optical fiber with core refractive index 1.45, cladding refractive index 1.444 and core 1 point
radius of 4.1 μm operating at 1550 nm has V-Number of

2.19
4.38
1.09
None of the above

Accepted Answers:
2.19

2) If the operating wavelength of the fiber given in above question is changed to 632.8 nm. 1 point
Which of the following statement(s) are correct

 Fiber supports multiple modes propagation

Fiber continues to support single mode propagation

Light Does not pass through the fibre
Cladding dimensions are to be mentioned

Accepted Answers:
Fiber supports multiple modes propagation

3) Gain of Antenna can be defined as 1 point

Product of directivity and power efficiency

Magnitude of the product of directivity and power efficiency
Square of the Magnitude product of directivity and power efficiency
Independent of directivity and efficiency
 Accepted Answers:
Product of directivity and power efficiency

4) The distance from the earth to the moon is approximately 3.9 × 105 Km . A laser 2 points
transmitter is capable to projecting a spot on the moon that is 4.8 Km in diameter. Find the approximate
directivity of this transmitter (in dB).

115
110.23

1.05625 × 1011

3.6 × 10

Accepted Answers:
110.23

5) Which of the following statement(s) are correct? 1 point

 Refractive Index of the O-Ray is constant for any direction in crystal

 Refractive Index of the E-Ray varies depending on the direction

Refractive Index of the E-Ray is constant for any direction in crystal

Refractive Index of the O-Ray varies depending on the direction

Accepted Answers:
Refractive Index of the O-Ray is constant for any direction in crystal
Refractive Index of the E-Ray varies depending on the direction
Week 1 Solutions
1. Printed circuit boards (PCBs)

2. ∆𝑧 ≪ 𝜆𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡

3. Wave travelling along +z direction

4. Depends only on line parameters L and C, independent of frequency of the wave

5. 𝜋

6. Only +z travelling voltage wave exists & the ratio of voltage to current is constant

7. The characteristic impedance is purely real & the characteristic impedance is √𝐿/𝐶

8. Voltage is maximum at the load, the magnitude of the reflection coefficient is unity & a standing
wave pattern exists on the transmission line

9. Current is maximum at the load, the magnitude of the reflection coefficient is unity & a standing
wave pattern exists on the transmission line

10. The load can be replaced with an infinite length line of same characteristic impedance without
affecting waves on the transmission line, the magnitude of the reflection coefficient is zero & a
standing wave pattern does not exist on the transmission line

11. +𝑗

12. −𝑗

13. 𝜏 = 0.57

14. 𝐿 = −0.385

15. |𝑉𝑜+ | = 3.75 𝑉

Assignment #2 Solutions
1. 6.2
2. 12.40347
3. 100
4. 250
5. −1
6. −0.038
7. −0.076
8. 50
9. 50
10. 1.12
11. 0.88
12. No
13. 0.3125
14. 1/3
15. 1.28
16. 11.94
17. 30
18. -26.53
19. 124.5
20. 0
21. Yes
22. -0.2
23. 50
24. 0.15
25. 0.0125

Assignment #2

1
1. 𝑈𝑝 = = 6.2 × 109 = 6.2 𝐺 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
√𝐿𝐶

𝐿
2. 𝑍0 = √𝐶 = 12.4 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
 𝐿
3. 𝑍0 = √𝐶 ==> 𝐿 = 𝑍02 . 𝐶
1 1 𝑝𝐹 𝑝𝐹
𝐶= ==> 𝐶 = = 99.5 ~100
𝑈𝑝2 𝐿 𝑈𝑝 𝑍0 𝑚 𝑚

𝐿 𝐿
4. 𝑍0 = √𝐶 ==> 𝐶 = 𝑍 2
0
1 1 𝑍0 𝑛𝐻 𝑛𝐻
𝑈𝑝 = ==> 𝐿 = ==> 𝐿 = = 248.75 ~250
√𝐿𝐶 𝑈𝑝2 𝐶 𝑈𝑝 𝑚 𝑚

1
5. 𝑍𝐿 = = −3.97𝑗
𝑗𝜔𝐶
𝑍𝐿 − 𝑍0
𝐿 = = −0.9968 − 0.0792𝑗
𝑍𝐿 + 𝑍0
𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐿 ~ − 1

0.0792
6. ∅𝐿 = tan−1 0.9968 = 0.07928
−𝜋 − ∅𝐿
𝑍𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = −0.038
2𝛽

0.0792
7. ∅𝐿 = tan−1 0.9968 = 0.07928
2𝜋 − ∅𝐿
𝑍𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = −0.076
2𝛽

2𝜋 𝜆 𝜋
8. 𝛽𝑙 = . =
𝜆 8 4
𝑍𝐿 +𝑗𝑍0
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑍0 [𝑍 ] = 50(1 − 2𝑗)
0 +𝑗𝑍𝐿
Real Part = 50 ohms

9. 𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑗𝑍0 = 𝑗50

Imaginary Part = 50
 𝑍 −𝑍
10. 𝐿 = 𝑍𝐿+𝑍0 = 0.01538 + 0.12307𝑗
𝐿 0

𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
= 1 + |𝐿 | = 1.12
𝑉0+

𝑍 −𝑍
11. 𝐿 = 𝑍𝐿+𝑍0 = 0.01538 + 0.12307𝑗
𝐿 0

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛
= 1 − |𝐿 | = 0.88
𝑉0+

𝑐.𝑡𝑟
12. 𝜆𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 = = 0.9 𝑚
0.25
𝑙 ≪ 𝜆𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 ==> 𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑖𝑟𝑒
0.25
13. 𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.3125 𝐺𝐻𝑧
0.8×10−9

𝑆−1
14. |𝐿 | = = 1/3
𝑆+1

1+|𝐿 |
15. 𝑆 = = 1.28
1−|𝐿 |

𝜔
16. 𝜔 = 7.5 × 1010 ; 𝑓 = 2𝜋 = 1.19366 × 1010 𝐻𝑧 = 11.94 𝐺𝐻𝑧

17. Equivalent Ciruit

 Real Part of Vin = 30 V

2𝜋 𝜆 𝜋
18. 𝛽𝑙 = =
𝜆 10 5
𝑍𝐿 + 𝑗𝑍0 tan 𝛽𝑙
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑍0 [ ] = 49.10 − 35.03𝑗
𝑍0 + 𝑗𝑍𝐿 tan 𝛽𝑙
𝑉𝑠 𝑍𝑖𝑛
𝑉𝑖𝑛 = = 30.27 − 26.53𝑗
𝑍𝑖𝑛 + 𝑍𝑠
Imaginary Part = -26.53

𝑅+𝑗𝜔𝐿
19. 𝑍0 = √𝐺+𝑗𝜔𝐶 = 124.5 − 𝑗9.4𝑒 − 4
Real Part = 124.5

20. 𝛼 = 𝑅𝑒{√(𝑅 + 𝑗𝜔𝐿). (𝐺 + 𝑗𝜔𝐶)} = 0

21. Yes

𝑉𝑖𝑛
22. 𝐼 = 𝑍0
= 0.6 − 0.2𝑗

Imaginary Part = -0.2 Amps

23. Zin= 50 ohms

 𝜔 𝑚
24. 𝛽 = 500 ; 𝑈𝑝 = = 0.15 × 109 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 0.15 𝐺 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝛽

𝑈𝑝
25. 𝜆 = = 0.0125 𝑚
𝑓
Week 3 Solutions
1. 0.18
2. 50
3. -100
4. 0
5. 50
6. 0
7. 0.02
8. 85.07
9. 2
10. 1
11. 0.82
12. 0.154
13. 0.154
14. 0.404
15. 0.154
16. 70
17. 20
18. 86.6
19. 25
20. 100
Week 4 Solutions
1. +1
2. ½
3. 25 V
4. 50 V
5. 62.5 V
6. 75 V
7. 100 V
8. load resistance > Zo
9. battery internal resistance > Zo
10. load resistance < Zo
11. battery internal resistance > Zo
12. Pure Inductance, pure capacitance, and open circuit load
Week 5 Solutions
1. Two
2. 5.38
3. 68.17o
4. 10.34
5. -20
6. the angle between them is 90o
7. Temperature as a function of position in a room on a hot day, Electrostatic
potential throughout space & Height of a mountain at various places
measured from the ground
8. Force experienced by a charge due to a source charge as a function of
position.
9. 2𝑥̂ − 2𝑦̂
10. Gradient of a vector field
11. −𝑦𝑥̂ + 𝑥𝑦̂
12. False
13. False
14. 2.6𝑥̂ + 1.5𝑦̂ + 1𝑧̂
15. False
Week 6 Solutions
1. True
2. 0
3. 3x
4. that the region encloses a net positive charge of 3 units
5. (∇ × 𝑓) ∙ 𝐷 ⃗
6. its divergence is zero everywhere
7. its curl is zero everywhere
8. is proportional to inverse square of the distance from the charge
9. False
10. 0 𝑟 ≠ 0
11. (∇𝑓) × 𝐷 ⃗ + 𝑓∇ × 𝐷
⃗
12. ∇ ∙ 𝐸⃗ = 𝜌/𝜀0
⃗ =0
13. ∇ ∙ 𝐵
14. ∇ × 𝐵⃗ = 𝜇0 𝐽
15. Magnitude doubles
16. z-direction
Week 7 Solutions
2𝜋𝜖
1. 𝑏
ln( )
𝑎
2. False
3. Direction in which ∅ increases rapidly
4. Gradient operation followed by divergence operation
𝑞 ⃗⃗r
5. ⃗⃗⃗𝐸 = 3
4𝜋𝜖 |⃗⃗r|
6. Laplace equation is the simplified equation of Poisson’s equation under
no charge condition
7. True
8. 𝐸𝑇1 = 𝐸𝑇2
𝐷𝑁1 = 𝐷𝑁2 ( 𝑖𝑓 𝑛𝑜 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒)
𝐷𝑁1 − 𝐷𝑁2 = 𝜎 ( 𝑖𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒)
9. 𝐽𝑁1 = 𝐽𝑁2 (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠),
𝐽𝑁2 − 𝐽𝑁1 = −𝑗𝜔𝜎(𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠)
Week 8 Solutions
1. Surface integral of ‘B’ over that surface.
2. Perpendicular to both ⃗⃗⃗⃗dl and magnetic field
3. The form of circles centered on the wire
4. (a) –z direction (b) x direction
5. ∇×𝐻 ⃗ =𝐽
6. Circularly polarised in the clockwise direction
7. ⃗⃗⃗E = 𝐸0 (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑒𝑦 )𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝑧
𝑒𝑥 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
√2
𝐸0
8. ⃗⃗⃗H = (−⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑒𝑦 )𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝑧
𝑒𝑥 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
√2𝜂
9. ⃗⃗⃗E = 𝐸0 . exp[−𝑗𝜔√𝜇𝜖(0.65𝑥 + 0.76𝑦)]
Week 9 Solutions
1. True
2. Tangential component of ⃗⃗⃗E is nearly zero, and normal component of ⃗⃗⃗H is
nearly zero.
3. Quasi-Static
4. Resistance of the metal conductors, Resistive power loss
5. ⃗J = 𝐽0 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑒𝑧 . exp[(1 + 𝑗)(0.89𝑥 + 0.45𝑦)/𝛿]
6. 1.64E-07 H, 0.103 ohms
7. Circularly Polarised
Quiz-10 answer key:
1: C
2: A
3: B
4: C
5: B
6: 50
7: B
Quiz-11 answer key:
1: 11
2: 4
3: C
4: C
5: D
6: B
Week 12 Solutions
1. 2.19
2. Fiber supports multiple modes propagation
3. Product of directivity and power efficiency
4. 110.23
5. Refractive Index of the O-Ray is constant for any direction in crystal,
Refractive Index of the E-Ray varies depending on the direction