National Movement-Gandhian Era-Note

Grade VIII --Social Science.
LESSON-NATIONAL MOVEMENT GANDHIAN ERA-NOTES
Answer the following in 10-20 words:-

1. When was the Non-cooperation Movement launched and by which
political leader?
Mahatma Gandhi launched the Non-cooperation Movement in 1920.
.
2. When was the Civil Disobedience Movement launched?
The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in 1930.
3. What did the Mountbatten Plan propose?
The Mountbatten plan proposed for the division of India into two
independent nations—The Indian Union and Pakistan.
Answer the following questions in 50-70 words.
1. What brought the Muslim League and the Congress together?
After Turkey’s defeat by the allied powers during World War I, the Indian
Muslims formed a Khilafat committee under the leadership of the Ali
brothers Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, Maulana Azad and
Hakim Ajmal Khan. Its purpose was to organise a countrywide agitation.
Gandhi and the Congress viewed the Khilafat agitation as an opportunity
for bringing the Hindus and the Muslims together on the national front
and decided to support it.
2. What were the constructive programme undertaken by the
Congress during the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Three main constructive features of the Non-cooperation Movement
were:
i. Promotion of Swadeshi particularly hand-spinning and weaving
ii. Removal of untouchability among Hindus
iii. Promotion of Hindu-Muslim unity
3. Why did Gandhi suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement?
The Non-cooperation Movement came to an abrupt end because of a
violent incident at Chauri Chaura, where the police opened fire on a mob
of peasants. The mob later burnt the thana where the policemen had
taken shelter and twenty-two policemen were killed. This resulted in the
suspension of the Non-cooperation Movement.
4.Why was the Simon Commission boycotted?
The Congress boycotted the Simon commission as it did not include any
Indians. When the commission arrived in India in February 1928, it was
greeted with country-wide hartal, demonstrations, and slogans such as
‘Simon go back’.
5. Explain the importance of Lahore session of 1929.
The Congress held its annual session in December 1929 at Lahore with
Jawaharlal Nehru as its president. The Lahore session declared complete
independence or poorna swaraj as its goal. Independence Day was
celebrated all over India on 26 January 1930. And the Congress working
committee authorized Mahatma Gandhi to launch a programme of Civil
Disobedience.
6. Write a short note about Civil Disobedience Movement
Congress working committee authorized Gandhi to launch a programme
of Civil Disobedience ,including non payment of taxes with the ultimate
objective of attaining Poorna Swaraj. Gandhi announced the Civil
Disobedience movement and launched the famous Dandi March or Salt
Satyagrahaon 12th March 1930. Gandhi left the Sabarmati Asram with
79satyagrahis and reached Dandi on the Gujrath coast to break the salt laws
by picking salt from the coast.
7. Explain the importance of Quit India Movement
After the failure of Cripp’sMission the Congress decided to take active
steps to compel the British to quit India. They adopted a resolution in favour
of starting a mass movement. So Gandhi started this Quit India movement.
He introduced a slogan ‘Do or die’as a part of Quit India movement.
Congress demanded the immediate end of British rule. Riots broke out all
over the country people set fire to police stations, post offices,railway
stations and other public buildings.Gandhi was arrested and Congress was
decleared as an illegal organization.
. Answer the following questions 80-100 words.
1.Explain the importance of Non-Cooperation Movement in India.
1. Swadeshi became popular and khadi soon became a symbol of freedom.

The Non-cooperation contributed to national
awakening and complete distrust towards the foreign government.
People gained tremendous self-confidence and self-esteem. The national
sentiment reached the remotest corner of the land through this movement.
2.What were the demands of Khilafat Committee?
Demands were as follows:

i. Surrendering all titles and honorary offices
ii. Resigning from nominated seats in local bodies
iii. Refusal to attend government or semi-government functions
iv. The gradual withdrawal of children from schools and colleges, aided,
or controlled by the government
v. Boycott of British courts by lawyers and litigants
vi. Boycott of elections to be held for the Councils as suggested by the
reforms of 1919
vii. Boycott of foreign goods
3.What was the role of INA in India’s struggle for freedom?
Subhas Chandra Bose, the founder of the Indian National Army (Azad
Hind Fauj) believed in revolutionary methods to attain freedom. In
March 1941 he organised the famous Azad Hind Fauj or INA consisting of
Indian soldiers who had been made prisoners of war in Singapore by the
Japanese army. During the Second World War, when the Japanese army
started advancing towards India, the INA soldiers joined the Japanese
and entered India. He gave the slogan Chalo Dilli (March to Delhi). But
the Indian National Army had to surrender to the British after the defeat
of Japan in the Second World War.
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Grade VIII --Social Science.

LESSON-NATIONAL MOVEMENT GANDHIAN ERA-NOTES

Answer the following in 10-20 words:-

1. Swadeshi became popular and khadi soon became a symbol of freedom.

Demands were as follows:

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