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    University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata: Course Name: Database Management System

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    Kaustav Roy
    The document is a lecture on database management systems from Dr. Sandip Mandal at the University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata. It discusses levels of abstraction in databases including the physical, logical, and view levels. It also covers database schemas, instances, and different data models including the relational, entity-relationship, and object-oriented models.

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    University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata: Course Name: Database Management System

    Uploaded by

    Kaustav Roy
    31 views13 pages
    The document is a lecture on database management systems from Dr. Sandip Mandal at the University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata. It discusses levels of abstraction in databases including the physical, logical, and view levels. It also covers database schemas, instances, and different data models including the relational, entity-relationship, and object-oriented models.

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    Lecture 3_05.02.2021

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    The document is a lecture on database management systems from Dr. Sandip Mandal at the University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata. It discusses levels of abstraction in databases including the physical, logical, and view levels. It also covers database schemas, instances, and different data models including the relational, entity-relationship, and object-oriented models.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views13 pages

    University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata: Course Name: Database Management System

    Uploaded by

    Kaustav Roy
    The document is a lecture on database management systems from Dr. Sandip Mandal at the University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata. It discusses levels of abstraction in databases including the physical, logical, and view levels. It also covers database schemas, instances, and different data models including the relational, entity-relationship, and object-oriented models.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

    Course Name : Database Management System

    Dr. Sandip Mandal


    Dept. of CSE, UEM Kolkata
    WhatsApp : +91-8449007365
    Email : sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in

    08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 1


    sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
    UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

    Module 1: Levels
    L of Abstraction

    08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 2


    sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
    Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com

    UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

    Levels of Abstraction
    • Physical level: describes how a record (e.g., instructor) is stored.
    • Logical level: describes data stored in database, and the relationships among the data.
    type instructor = record
    ID : string;
    name : string;
    dept_name : string;
    salary : integer;
    end;
    • View level: application programs hide details of data types. Views can also hide information
    (such as an employee’s salary) for security purposes.

    08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 3


    sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
    UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

    An architecture for a database system

    View of Data

    08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 4


    sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
    Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com

    UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

    Instances and Schemas


    • Schema : The overall database structure in which data is to
    be stored

    • Instance : The collection of information stored at a


    particular moment of time
    --The data stored in database at a particular moment of time is called instance of database. Database schema
    defines the variable declarations in tables that belong to a particular database; the value of these variables
    at a moment of time is called the instance of that database.

    08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 5


    sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
    Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com

    UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

    Instances and Schemas (Contd.)


    • Similar to types and variables in programming languages
    • Logical Schema – the overall logical structure of the database
    – Example: The database consists of information about a set of customers and accounts in a bank
    and the relationship between them
    Analogous to type information of a variable in a program
    • Physical schema–
    schema the overall physical structure of the database

    08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 6


    sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
    Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com

    UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

    Instances and Schemas (Contd.)


    • Instance – the actual content of the database at a particular point in time
    – Analogous to the value of a variable
    • Physical Data Independence – the ability to modify the physical schema without changing the
    logical schema
    – Applications depend on the logical schema
    – In general, the interfaces between the various levels and components should be well defined so
    that changes in some parts do not seriously influence others.

    08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 7


    sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
    Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com

    UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

    Data Models
    • A collection of tools for describing
    – Data
    – Data relationships
    – Data semantics
    – Data constraints

    08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 8


    sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
    Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com

    UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

    Data Models
    • Relational model
    • Entity-Relationship data model (mainly for database design)
    • Object-based data models (Object-oriented and Object-relational)
    • Semistructured data model (XML)
    • Other older models:
    – Network model
    – Hierarchical model

    08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 9


    sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
    Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com

    UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

    08-Feb-21 10
    Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365
    sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
    Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com

    UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

    08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 11


    sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
    Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com

    UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

    08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 12


    sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
    UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

    Thank You

    08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 13


    sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in

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