The most dangerous fault:

1. 3 phase fault
2. Line to line fault
3. Line to ground gault
4. Double line to ground fault
Correct answer: 1. 3 phase fault

Heavy current fuses have wires that are _________ in diameter than
smaller ones:

1. Larger
2. Smaller
3. Same
4. Any of above
Correct answer: 1. Larger

The pickup current of a relay having 125% current setting connected to

100/5 transformer is:

1. 1 Amp
2. 5 Amp
3. 6.25 Amp
4. 10 Amp
Correct answer: 3. 6.25 Amp

______________ signals circuit breaker in case of fault:

1. Fuse
2. Isolator
3. CT
4. Relay
Correct answer: 4. Relay

Buchholz relay is used for protection of:

1. Busbar
 2. Transformer
3. Alternator
4. Motors
Correct answer: 2. Transformer

What is approximate value of the contact resistance of circuit breaker:

1. 25 µΩ
2. 25 mΩ
3. 25 Ω
4. 250 Ω
Correct answer: 1. 25 µΩ

Which of the following voltage surge is more harmful: 1/50 µs or 4/50

µs:

1. 1/50 µs is more harmful

2. 4/50 µs is more harmful
3. Both are equally armful
4. Insufficient data provided
Correct answer: 1. 1/50 µs is more harmful

Explanation: A 1/50 µs reaches to its maximum value in 1 µs while it

decays to half of its peak value in 50 µs. While a 4/50 µs surge will
reach to the maximum value in 4 µs while decays to half of its peak
value in 50 µs.
In a circuit breaker the arcing contacts are made of which material:

1. Porcelain
2. Tungsten alloy
3. Electrolytic copper
4. All of these
Correct answer: 2. Tungsten alloy

Internal faults on the transformer arise from:

 1. Overheating
2. Mechanical injury
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these

The major function of a fuse is to:

1. Open the circuit

2. Prevent excessive currents
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these

Which of the following is correct statement about SF6 gas:

1. It is yellowish green in color

2. It is nontoxic gas
3. Is lighter than air
4. All of these
Correct answer: 2. It is nontoxic gas

A fuse exhibits ________ time current characteristics:

1. Inverse
2. Direct
Correct answer: 1. Inverse

A fuse performs:

1. Detection function only

2. Interruption function only
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these

Generally the main contacts of circuit breaker are constructed of:

 1. Softer alloy
2. Harder alloy
Correct answer: Since the main contacts of a circuit breaker have to
carry the main load current, they are constructed of a softer alloy that
uses less tungsten and more silver so as to keep resistance low.

Relays can be actuated by which of the below mentioned quantities:

1. Magnitude
2. Frequency
3. Phase angle
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

Induction relays can be used with dc quantities:

1. True
2. False
Correct answer: False

In a circuit breaker the process of Ionization is facilitated by:

1. High temperature
2. Increasing field strength
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these

Internally generated surges arise due to:

1. Refrigerator compressor
2. Printers
3. Pumps and motors
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

A major short circuit fault when uncleared could ultimately lead to:
 1. Blowing of fuse
2. Fire
3. Generation of harmonics
4. High voltage drop
Correct answer: 2. Fire

he term SYSTEM EARTHING means:

1. Earthing the chassis

2. Earthing the non-current carrying parts
3. Earthing the system neutral
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Earthing system neutral

MOVs used in power system protection are best classified as:

1. Conductors
2. Insulators
3. Semi-conductors
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Semi-conductors

The most common type of fault is:

1. Phase to Phase
2. Single phase to ground
3. Two phase to ground
4. Three phase fault
Which one of following is an example of symmetrical fault?

1. Phase to phase fault

2. Single phase to earth
3. Two phases to earth
4. Three phase fault
Correct answer: 4. Three phase fault

Generally the clearing time in high speed breakers is around:

 1. Few seconds
2. Few minutes
3. 1 to 2 cycles
4. None of above
Correct answer: 3. 1 to 2 cycles

The thermal protection switch provides protection against:

1. Short circuits
2. Temperature
3. Overload
4. Over voltages
Correct answer: 3. Overload

In a 3-phase, 4 wire unbalanced system, the magnitude of zero

sequence components can be mathematically expressed as:

1. √3 times of the current in neutral wire

2. 1/3 times of the current in neutral wire
3. ≈ Current in neutral wire
4. None of these
Correct answer: 2. 1/3 times of the current in neutral wire

Arcing voltage will be least in case of:

1. Copper
2. Tungsten
3. Carbon
4. Silver
Correct answer: 4. Silver

The heat produced on contact point due to electric current flow is least
affected by which of the following factor:

1. Contact resistance
2. Magnitude of current
3. Duration for which current flows
 4. Temperature of surrounding medium
Correct answer: 4. Temperature of surrounding medium

Plug setting of electromagnetic relays can be altered by varying:

1. Air gap distance

2. Spring tension
3. Number of ampere turns
4. Adjustable back stop
Correct answer: 3. Number of ampere turns

An isolator is designed to open a circuit under:

1. No load
2. Half load
3. Full load
4. Any of above
Correct answer: 1. No load

The active recovery voltage in a circuit breaker depends on:

1. Circuit condition
2. Armature reaction
3. Power factor
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

Series reactors are used to:

1. Improve voltage regulation

2. Improve power factor
3. Bring down the level of fault
4. Improve transmission efficiency
Correct answer: 3. Bring down the level of fault

Which of following material is used in liquid fuses:

 1. Water
2. SF6
3. Transformer oil
4. Carbon tetra chloride
Correct answer: 4. Carbon tetra chloride

In star connected system, without neutral ground, the zero sequence

currents equal:

1. RMS value of phase currents

2. Peak value of phase currents
3. Zero
Correct answer: 3. Zero

Which of the following can be employed as interrupting medium in a

contactor:

1. Compressed air
2. Oil
3. SF6 gas
4. Any of above
Correct answer: 4. Any of above

Earth fault relays are directional relays:

1. True
2. False
Correct answer: 1. True

Current chopping tendency is minimized by using SF6 gas at:

1. High pressure and high viscosity

2. High pressure and low viscosity
3. Low pressure and high viscosity
4. Low pressure and low viscosity
Correct answer: 4. Low pressure and low viscosity
Which one of following is correct statement about arc voltage in a
circuit breaker:

1. It leads arc current by 90L

2. It lags arc current by 90L
3. It is in phase with arc current
Correct answer: 3. It is in phase with arc current

While designing circuit breakers the value of which of the following

factors should be kept low:

1. Thermal conductivity
2. Thermal capacity
3. Contact resistance
Correct answer: 3. Contact resistance

Differential relays are used for the protection of:

1. Alternator
2. Feeder
3. Transformer
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

Mho relay is:

1. Voltage restrained overcurrent relay

2. Voltage restrained directional relay
3. Directional restrained overvoltage relay
4. Directional restrained overcurrent relay
Correct answer: 2. Voltage restrained directional relay

At the instant of contact separation in circuit breaker the current

which exists is given the name:

1. Breaking current
2. Arc
 3. Recovery
4. Restriking
Correct answer: 1. Breaking current

The fluids used in circuit breaker should be:

1. Non-inflammable
2. High dielectric strength
3. Arc extinguishing
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

Generally, it is preferable to use which reactance for short circuit

calculations:

1. Ohmic reactance
2. Percentage reactance
Correct answer: 2. Percentage reactance

Which of following is correct about the occurrence of an

unsymmetrical fault:

1. The positive sequence component is always less than that of

negative sequence component
2. The positive sequence component is always more than that
of negative sequence component
3. The positive sequence component is always equal to
negative sequence component
4. Any of above is possible
Correct answer: 2. The positive sequence component is always more
than that of negative sequence component

The contact wipe in a Circuit breaker is compulsory for the reason

being:

1. Increasing speed of opening

2. Decreasing speed of opening
 3. Build dielectric strength across the contacts
Correct answer: 3. Build dielectric strength across the contacts

The actuating quantity for relays may be:

1. Frequency
2. Magnitude
3. Phase angle
4. Any of above
Correct answer: 4. Any of above

Modern protection systems prefer which type of relays:

1. Electromechanical
2. Solid state electronics based relays
3. Microprocessor based
Correct answer: 3. Microprocessor based

The operating time of a circuit breaker is very small as compare to

fuse:

1. True
2. False
Correct answer: 2. False

Which of following is most common type of arrester found in

substations is:

1. Horn gap
2. Rod gap
3. Thyrite
Correct answer: 3. Thyrite

Arc resistance can be increased by:

1. Splitting the arc

2. Reducing its length
 3. Increasing its diameter
4. Increasing concentration of ionized particles
Correct answer: 1. Splitting the arc

Inverse time-current relays are not used for protection of:

1. Alternators
2. Feeders
3. Transformers
4. All of above
Correct answer: 1. Alternators

Short circuit current limiting reactors may be connected to which of

the following locations:

1. In series with each generator

2. In series with each feeder
3. Bus-bars
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

Reactance realay is normally employed for protection against:

1. Earth fault
2. Phase fault
Correct answer: 1. Earth fault

An overcurrent relay having a current setting of 150% is connected

through a 400/5 CT. The pickup value of current is:

1. 2.5 A
2. 5 A
3. 7.5 A
4. 10 A
Correct answer: 3. 7.5 A

Solution: 5 * 1.5 = 7.5 A

The term effective earthing refers to the earthing which is done through:

1. Capacitance
2. Reactance
3. Transformer
4. None of these
Correct answer: 4. None of these

Explanation: The correct answer is “None of these.”

Effective earthing refers to the process of providing a low-resistance path
for electrical currents to flow into the ground, thereby preventing the
buildup of potentially dangerous voltages. It is an essential safety
measure to protect people, equipment, and structures from electric
shocks and other electrical hazards

The component which provides a signal to circuit breaker under the fault
condition:

1. Isolator
2. Fuse
3. Relay
4. CT
Correct answer: 3. Relay

The correct statement about Buchholz relay

1. It can only be used with largely sized alternators

2. It is installed with largely sized transformers which have no
conservator tank
3. It can detect incipient faults
4. It should never be used with oil immersed transformers
Correct answer: 3. It can detect incipient faults

Incipient faults refer to early or developing faults within an electrical

system that have not yet fully manifested or caused significant damage.
The breaking capacity of the circuit breaker is in _______ and is
measured in ________:
 1. R.M.S, kVA
2. R.M.S, MVA
3. Peak, kVA
4. Peak, MVA
Correct answer: 2. R.M.S, MVA

Semi-open cartridge type fuse can handle current up to ___________:

1. 1000 A
2. 2500 A
3. 4000 A
4. 10000 A
Correct answer: 3. 4000 A

Interturn faults on an alternator are _________ and are

___________ detectable:

1. Common, easily
2. Uncommon, easily
3. Uncommon, not easily
4. Common, not easily
Correct answer: 3. Uncommon, not easily

Interturn faults refer to faults that occur between the turns or windings
of the coils in an alternator. These faults can occur due to insulation
breakdown, mechanical stress, or other reasons. When an interturn fault
occurs, it disrupts the proper functioning of the alternator and can lead
to issues such as reduced output voltage, increased temperature, or even
complete failure.
a. The production of arc in circuit breaker:

1. Delays the current interruption process

2. Generates enormous heat
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these
b. The basic requirement of any power system protection scheme is:

1. Selectivity
2. Stability
3. Speed
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

c. The incipient fault in beginning is:

1. Small
2. Fatal
3. Infinitely damage to the equipment
4. more dangerous than P – P fault
Correct answer: 1. Small

d. Most dangerous type of fault on any power system is:

1. Phase to earth
2. Phase to Phase
3. Phase to Phase to Earth
4. Three phase fault
Correct answer: 3. Three phase fault

e. Reactance in any system exists due to:

1. Resistors
2. Capacitors
3. Inductors
4. 2 & 3
Correct answer: 4. 2 & 3

f. Cartridge type fuse can handle current upto:

1. 50,000 A
2. 1,00,000 A
3. 2,00,000 A
4. 5,00,000 A
Correct answer: 2. 1,00,000 A

g. The major advantage associated with the fuse is:

1. It is cheaper to use
2. It requires no special maintenance
3. Its time or operation is shorter than CB’s
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

h. The modern electrical power systems are more likely to use:

1. Electromechanical relays
2. Static analog relays
3. Static digital relays
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Static digital relays

i. Air circuit breakers can be used for current values up to:

1. 3000 A
2. 6000 A
3. 18000 A
4. 32000 A
Correct answer: 2. 6000 A

j. The protection system which compares the current entering and

leaving the protection zone:

1. Different protection system

2. Integral protection system
3. Back protection system
4. Subtraction protection system
Correct answer: 1. Different protection system

a. In case of fault it is often desired that frame leakage protection should

trip:
 1. Half the installed breakers
2. Only one breaker
3. All connected breakers
4. Two breakers
Correct answer: 3. All connected breakers

b. The correct equation for an effectively grounded system is:

1. X0/X1 < 3.0

2. X0/X1 > 3.0
3. X0/X1 > 2.0
4. 3.0 < X0/X1< 9.0
Correct answer: 1. X0/X1 < 3.0

c. Buchholz relay is used to protect:

1. Alternator
2. Induction Motors
3. Synchronous motors
4. Transformers
Correct answer: 4. Transformers

d. Generally, the carrier current protection scheme is recommended for:

1. HV cables
2. HV transmission lines
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 2. HV transmission lines

e. SF6 gas is ____________:

1. Highly inflammable
2. Non-inflammable
Correct answer: 3. Non-inflammable

f. The under-voltage relay is recommended for:

 1. Transformers
2. Motors
3. Feeder
4. Busbars
Correct answer: 2. Motors

g. ____________________ is/are an instantaneous relay/s:

1. PMMC type
2. Shaded pole type
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. PMMC type

h. Statement: SF6 circuit breakers have very short arcing time.

Utterance: SF6 circuit breakers are costly.

1. Both statement and utterance are correct

2. Both are wrong
3. The statement is correct, the utterance is wrong
4. The statement is wrong, the utterance is correct
Correct answer: 1. Both statement and utterance are correct

. Plug setting multiplier is defined as the ratio of:

1. Fault current in relay coil x Pick up current

2. Fault current in relay coil / Pick up current
3. Fault current in relay coil x Transformer secondary turns
4. Fault current in relay coil / Transformer secondary turns
Correct answer: 2. Fault current in relay coil / Pick up current

j. High-speed circuit breakers result in:

1. Increased stability of power systems

2. Decreased stability of the power system
Correct answer: 2. Decreased stability of the power system
a. The rate of rise of restriking voltage is usually expressed in terms of:
1. V / s
2. kV / ms
3. kV / µs
4. MV/ns
Correct answer: 3. kV / µs

c. Fault diverter is actually a:

1. Fuse
2. Circuit breaker
3. Relay
4. Switch
Correct answer 4. Switch

d. The major advantage associated with the static digital relay is:

1. Less sensitive
2. Performance speed is slow
3. It is expensive
4. It is not accurate
Correct answer: 3. It is expensive

e. Fusing factor of a fuse is mathematically defined by the equation:

1. Current rating of fuse * 4.44

2. 1/Current rating of the fuse
3. Min fusing current / Current rating of the fuse
4. Min fusing current * Current rating of the fuse
Correct answer: 3. Min fusing current / Current rating of the fuse

f. The correct statement about Sulphur Hexaflouride gas:

1. It provides free electrons to the breaker

2. It absorbs free electrons
3. It increases current flow the through the arc
4. None of these
Correct answer: 2. It absorbs free electrons

g. The correct equation which explains the breaking capacity of single

phase circuit breaker:

1. V × I × 10−1 MVA
2. V × I × 10−3 MVA
3. V × I × 10−6 MVA
4. V × I × 10−9 MVA
Correct answer: 3. V × I × 10−6 MVA

h. The __________ the current, the ___________ is the time

required by fuse to blow up:

1. Greater, smaller
2. Greater, Greater
3. Smaller, Smaller
4. All of these are possible
Correct answer: 1. Greater, smaller

i. Usually the earth relays have ___________ current settings:

1. Lower
2. Higher
3. Both
4. None
Correct answer: 1. Lower

j. The correct equation which explains the breaking capacity of 3 phase

circuit breaker:

1. √3 × V × I × 10−1 MVA
2. √3 × V × I × 10−3 MVA
3. √3 × V × I × 10−6 MVA
4. √3 × V × I × 10−9 MVA
Correct answer: 3. √3 × V × I × 10−6 MVA
a. The basic purpose of a relay is to:

1. Detect the fault

2. Remove the fault
3. Trip the circuit
4. All of these
Correct answer: 1. Detect the fault

b. Statement: The induction relays operate on the principle of the

induction motor.

Affirmation: Induction motors can’t be used with dc quantities.

1. Both statement and affirmations are correct

2. Both are wrong
3. The statement is correct but affirmation is wrong
4. The statement is wrong but affirmation is correct
Correct answer: 3. The statement is correct but affirmation is wrong

c. Buchholz relay is a _________ relay which is used for protection of

_________:

1. Gas actuated, transformers

2. Gas actuated, generators
3. Gas actuated, motors
4. Digital, alternator
Correct answer: 1. Gas actuated, transformers

d. The Insulation test voltage should be done with the parameters:

1. 2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min

2. 5 kV, 50 Hz, 5 min
3. 10 kV, 50 Hz, 10 min
4. 20 kV, 50 Hz, 20 min
Correct answer: 1. 2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min

e. In Electrical power protection schemes ______________

transformer is used:
 1. VT
2. CVT
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these

Explanation: VT stands for voltage transformer and CVT stands for

capacitive voltage transformers

f. CVTs are often used to:

1. Protection
2. Instrumentation
3. Communication
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

g. The equipment which has lowest chances of fault occurrence:

1. Alternator
2. Transformer
3. Switchgear
4. Induction motors
Correct answer: 1. Alternator

h. Single L – G fault is classified as:

1. Symmetrical fault
2. Unsymmetrical fault
3. Linear fault
4. None of these
Correct answer: 2. Unsymmetrical fault

i. Oil in a circuit breaker is used to:

1. Quench arc
2. Insulate the breaker contacts
3. Increase the breaking capacity
 4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Quench arc

j. The _______________ of circuit breaker is always greater than

_____________:

1. Symmetrical breaking capacity, Making capacity

2. Making capacity, Symmetrical breaking capacity
3. Making capacity, 50000 A
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Making capacity, Symmetrical breaking capacit

a. Usually, busbars are not protected because:

1. Backup protection is quite enough

2. Usually, earth faults occur which don’t require fast protection
3. CT’s are very expensive
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

b. A distance relay actually measures:

1. Current
2. Voltage
3. Impedance
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Impedance

. The loss of excitation in a generator is classified as:

1. Mechanical fault
2. Electrical fault
Correct answer: 2. Electrical fault

d. Most unit protection schemes are based on:

1. Merz Price principle

2. Combinational Buchholz relay system
 3. Induction principle
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Merz Price principle

e. Generally, a Frame-leakage check is used for protection of:

1. Alternator
2. DC generators
3. Transformers
4. Bus bars
Correct answer: 4. Bus bars

f. ___________ can be used to protect insulation failure in a.c

generators:

1. Resistors
2. Reactors
3. Transformers
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

g. Interturn faults on an alternator are _________ and are

___________ detectable:

1. Common, easily
2. Uncommon, easily
3. Uncommon, not easily
4. Common, not easily
Correct answer: 3. Uncommon, not easily

h. Peterson coil is actually a:

1. Tunable reactor
2. Simple resistors
3. Transformer with five windings
4. A reactance (either cap or inductive)
Correct answer: 1. Tunable reactor
The term effective earthing refers to the earthing which is done through:

1. Resistance
2. Reactance
3. Transformer
4. None of these
Correct answer: 4. None of these

A fuse acts as:

1. Fault detector
2. Interruptor
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these

The component which provides a signal to circuit breaker under the fault
condition:

1. Isolator
2. Fuse
3. Relay
4. CT
Correct answer: 3. Relay

b. A definite time relay is ___________ the amount of current:

1. Dependent on
2. Independent of
Correct answer: 2. Independent of

c. The extent of damage and injuries caused due to a shock depends on:

1. Amount of current
2. Path of the current
3. Time for which current flows
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these
d. Problem: Usually, the overvoltage alternator results due to sudden
load variation.

Solution: The over-voltage protection system is installed on all power

stations.

1. The solution is used to solve the problem

2. Problem is correct but the solution is not always applied
3. Both solution and problem misfit the context
4. The problem never happens on alternators
Correct answer: 2. Problem is correct but the solution is not always
applied

Explanation: The over-voltage protection system is only installed on

those power stations where there is no attendee.

e. Backup protection is installed to:

1. Increase the protection reliability of the system

2. To increase the speed of protection system
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Increase the protection reliability of the system

f. The correct statement about the cross-section area of the arc and the
resistance:

1. The arc resistance increases with the increase of cross-section

area
2. The arc resistance increases with the decrease of cross-
section area
3. Both are not related to other
4. None of above
Correct answer: 2. The arc resistance increases with the decrease of
cross-section area

g. The breaking capacity of the circuit breaker is in _______ and is

measured in ________:
 1. R.M.S, kVA
2. R.M.S, MVA
3. Peak, kVA
4. Peak, MVA
Correct answer: 2. R.M.S, MVA

h. The correct statement about the arc in circuit breaker:

1. It is desired to extinguish the arc as quickly as possible

2. Delays the current interruption process
3. Generates enormous heat
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these
i. Arc extinction is achieved in the air circuit breaker by using:

1. Air
2. Oil
3. SF6
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Air

j. Semi-open cartridge type fuse can handle current up

to ___________:

1. 1000 A
2. 2500 A
3. 4000 A
4. 10000 A
Correct answer: 3. 4000 A

a. The selectivity of the system is increased by:

1. Considering the system as a single block

2. Dividing the system into various protection zones
3. Dividing system into two large blocks
4. None of these
Correct answer: 2. Dividing the system into various protection zones
b. The protection system which compares the electrical quantity which
enters and leaves any zone and then operates is:

1. Balanced voltage
2. Balanced current
3. Differential protection system
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

c. Solkor unit protection is used with ________________:

1. Stranded nonmetallic buses

2. Solid metallic pilot wires
3. Induction motors
4. Transformers
Correct answer: 2. Solid metallic pilot wires

d. For safe operations, the transformer oil should have a minimum

dielectric strength of:

1. 10 KV
2. 20 kV
3. 50 kV
4. 100 KV
Correct answer: 3. 50 kV

e. The protection relay which has inherent directional characteristics:

1. Mho relay
2. Reactance relay
3. Distance relay
4. All of these
Correct answer: 1. Mho relay

f. The magnetic circuit breaker has:

1. Instantaneous working action

2. Delays working action
 3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Instantaneous working action

g. The correct statement about the unbalanced condition in alternator:

1. The same current flows through different phases in the

unbalanced alternator
2. Unbalanced loading is not dangerous for the alternator
3. Unbalanced loading introduces eddy current in the alternator
4. None of these is correct
Correct answer: 3. Unbalanced loading introduces eddy current in the
alternator

h. The circuit breaker which produces least arc energy:

1. Air Blast
2. Air break
3. Bulk oil
4. Plain oil
Correct answer: 1. Air Blast

i. The correct statement about Buchholz relay

1. It can only be used with largely sized alternators

2. It is installed with largely sized transformers which have no
conservator tank
3. It can detect incipient faults
4. It should never be used with oil immersed transformers
Correct answer: 3. It can detect incipient faults

j. Generally, earth relays have _____________ current setting:

1. Lower
2. Higher
Correct answer: 1. Lower
a. A power system contains two relays of 5 VA and 10 VA. The correct
statement about the sensitivity of relays:

1. 5 VA relay is more sensitive than 10 VA

2. 10 VA relay is more sensitive than 5 VA
3. Both are equally sensitive
4. One can’t determine sensitivity from VA
Correct answer: 1. 5 VA relay is more sensitive than 10 VA

b. An overcurrent relay has setting of 200% and is connected to a

transformer of 200/5. Find the pickup value.

1. 2.5 A
2. 5 A
3. 10 A
4. 20 A
Correct answer: 3. 10 A

c. The isolator is installed in power system to:

1. Protect against high current faults

2. Isolate a part of the system
3. Protect the buses
4. Separate a CT from PT
Correct answer: 2. Isolate a part of the system

d. The term inverted running represents an alternator:

1. Which is protected via inversion circuit

2. Which runs at a very high speed
3. A turboalternator which uses inverter circuits
4. Which behaves as a motor
Correct answer: 3. Which behaves as a motor

e. The making capacity of the circuit breaker is measured in terms of

______:

1. R.M.S
 2. Peak
3. Both
4. None
Correct answer: 2. Peak

f. Mathematically the making capacity is defined by the equation:

1. 1.88 × Symmetrical breaking capacity

2. 2.55 × Symmetrical breaking capacity
3. 3.87 × Symmetrical breaking capacity
4. 4.99 × Symmetrical breaking capacity
Correct answer: 2. 2·55 × Symmetrical breaking capacity

g. The desired quantity in a fuse is:

1. High conductivity
2. Low conductivity
3. High melting point
4. High deterioration rate
Correct answer: 1. High conductivity

h. The correct relationship between the fusing current and diameter of

the wire is:

1. I = k d
2. I = k d1.5
3. I = k d2
4. I = k d3
Correct answer: 2. I = k d1.5
i. The basic function of a relay is to:

1. Detect the fault

2. Interrupt the circuit
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Detect the fault
j. A three phase 1000 MVA circuit breaker, 11 kVA has symmetrical
breaking current:

1. 90909 A
2. 11000 A
3. 52486 A
4. 44088 A
Correct answer: 3. 52486 A

Solution: I = 1000 MVA / (11 kVA * √3) = 52486 A

a. The bushing is used with power equipment to:

1. Prevent contact between the conductor and metal equipment

2. To facilitate the current flow between conductor and chassis
ground
3. Increase the life of the equipment
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Prevent contact between the conductor and metal
equipment

b. Instrument transformers are used:

1. To Protect the electrical equipment

2. To isolate the relays
3. To isolate ammeter and multimeters
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

c. The correct statement about arc resistance:

1. It increases with the length of the arc

2. It decreases with the length of the arc
3. Length and resistance of arc are never related
4. None of above
Correct answer: 1. It increases with the length of the arc

d. The breaking capacity of the circuit breaker is:

 1. R.M.S
2. Peak
3. Both
4. None
Correct answer: 1. R.M.S

e. The circuit breaker which is recommended for EHV Installations:

1. Low oil breaker

2. Bulk oil circuit breakers
3. SF6 circuit breaker
4. Air blast circuit breaker
Correct answer: 3. SF6 circuit breaker

f. The air which is preferred for air blast circuit breakers:

1. Moisture free air

2. Air with 50% nitrogen
3. Air with 25% hydrogen
4. Air with higher moisture content
Correct answer: 1. Moisture free air

g. The natural frequency of a 60 Hz generator having inductance 10 mH

and capacitance 50 µF has a natural frequency of:

1. 2 Hz
2. 60 Hz
3. 225 Hz
4. 22500 Hz
Correct answer: 3. 225 Hz

Solution: f = 1/2π √10 m * 50 u = 225 Hz

h. Low resistance method of arc extinction is also known as:

1. High current method

2. Low current method
3. Current zero method
 4. Current infinite method
Correct answer: 3. Current zero method

i. ________________ relays are used in large-sized alternator for

providing protection against overloads:

1. Temperature sensitive
2. Overcurrent
3. Impedance
4. Induction relays
Correct answer: 1. Temperature relays

j. The arc in circuit breaker converts oil into:

1. Fire
2. Hydrogen gas
3. SF6 Gas
4. Nitrogen gas
Correct answer: 2. Hydrogen gas

Statement: Differential protection scheme should not be employed for

longer transmission lines.

Logic: It is very expensive.

1. Both statement and logic are wrong

2. The statement is correct, but logic is incorrect
3. The statement is incorrect, but logic is correct
4. Logic defends the statement
Correct answer: 4. Logic defends the statement

The instantaneous relays used for earth fault detection in motors is

usually set to _____________:

1. 50% of the RLA

2. 50% of the FLA
3. 20% of the RLA
4. 20% of the FLA
Correct answer: 4. 20% of the FLA

The method in which earthing is done through a transformer is referred

as:

1. Effective earthing
2. Non-effective earthing
3. Peterson coil earthing
4. Flick method
Correct answer: 2. Non-effective earthing

The term non-effective earthing refers to the earthing which is done

through:

1. Resistance
2. Reactance
3. Transformer
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

Striker pin fuse is used for:

1. LV circuits
2. LV and MV circuits
3. MV and HV circuits
4. HV circuits
Correct answer: 2. LV and MV circuits

R.R.R.V depends on the:

1. Inductance
2. Capacitance
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these

The arc voltage is always _______________ the current:

 1. Leading
2. Lagging
3. In phase with
Correct answer: 3. In phase with

The most dangerous fault in an alternator is:

1. Stator winding fault

2. Failure of field
3. Unbalanced load
4. Prime mover failure
Correct answer: 1. Stator winding fault

If failure of alternator takes place in alternator, then it

1. Draws some current from supply

2. Runs as a synchronous motor
3. Goes in inverted running mode
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

Most dangerous voltages in power systems are expected to be induced

due to:

1. Resonance
2. Lightning
3. Insulation failure
4. Arcing ground
Correct answer: 2. Lightning

Under normal conditions, a lightning arrestor conducts ___________

current to earth:

1. Small
2. Moderate
3. Very high
4. Zero
Correct answer: 4. Zero
A 3-phase induction motor whose stator is delta connected is carrying
full load. If one of its fuses blows out then the motor:

1. Will continue running burning its two phases

2. Will stop and carry heavy current causing permanent damage
to its winding
3. Will continue running without any harm to the winding
4. Will continue running burning its one phase
Correct answer: 4. Will continue running burning its one phase

Which of following is correct in a transmission line:

1. Inductance < Capacitance

2. Inductance > Capacitance
3. Inductance = Capacitance
4. None of above
Correct answer: 2. Inductance > Capacitance

In an alternator the automatic protection relay is generally not provided

for which of following faults:

1. Overcurrent
2. Overspeed
3. Field failure
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

The impedance relaying scheme is used for protection of:

1. Alternators
2. Bus-bars
3. Transmission lines
4. Transformers
Correct answer: 3. Transmission lines

A 3-phase delta connected induction motor is carrying too heavy load

and one of its fuses blows out. Afterwards the motor:
 1. Will stop and carry heavy current causing permanent damage
to its winding
2. Will continue running with one burning phase
3. Will continue running without any harm to the winding
4. Will continue running burning its two phase
Correct answer: 1. Will stop and carry heavy current causing permanent
damage to its winding

If one-phase of a 3-phase synchronous motor is short-circuited, it:

1. Will overheat in spots

2. Will not come upto speed
3. Will fail to pull into step
4. Will refuse to start
Correct answer: 4. Will refuse to start

Which of following statement is correct regarding power system

components:

1. All components are bilateral

2. Only rotating machines are bilateral
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 4. None of these

Opening one or two phases in a three-phase network will:

1. De-energize the circuit

2. Create unbalance conditions
3. Any of above
4. None of above
Correct answer: 2. Create unbalance conditions

The higher the X/R:

1. The shorter the DC component persists

2. The longer the DC component persists
3. X/R and DC components are independent
 4. None of above
Correct answer: 2. The longer the DC component persists

Closing and latching ratings of circuit breakers can be expressed in:

1. RMS amperes
2. Peak amperes
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these

Closing and latching capability ratings of a circuit breaker is defined as

the breaker’s ability to withstand the extreme magnetic forces that occur
during the first cycle of a short circuit

The current supplied by one-phase conductor is returned to the source

by the other two in case of three phase circuits having:

1. Positive sequence
2. Negative sequence
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 2. Both of these

In case of presence of fourth conductor serving as return path, the zero-

sequence current will:

1. Not flow
2. Flow
3. Flow but less than 1.732 times
4. Flow but 4 times more the actual value
Correct answer: 2. Flow

Generally rotating machines will have ________ negative-sequence

reactance values than positive-sequence values:

1. Same
2. Different
Correct answer: 2. Different

The first-cycle symmetrical current is the _________ symmetrical

current the system experiences:

1. Minimum
2. Maximum
3. Any of above
Correct answer: 2. Maximum

In case of the absence of a fourth conductor serving as return path, the

zero-sequence current will:

1. Not flow
2. Flow
3. Flow but less than 1.732 times
4. Flow but 4 times more the actual value
Correct answer: 1. Not flow

Which of follow has no angular displacement between the phases:

1. Negative phase sequence

2. Positive phase sequence
3. Zero phase sequence
4. All of these
Correct answer: 3. Zero phase sequence

For zero-sequence current to flow the ground connection is:

1. Required
2. Not required
Correct answer: 2. Not required

Arc in circuit breakers can be extinguished using which of following

method:

1. High resistance method

2. Low resistance method
 3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these

Explanation:

 High resistance method: This method involves process during

which arc resistance is made to increase with time so that
current is reduced to a value insufficient to maintain the arc.
As a result of this arc is interrupted.
 Low resistance: Low resistance method also sometimes
referred as current zero method is the one during which arc
resistance is kept low until current is zero where the arc
extinguishes naturally and is prevented from restriking rather
of the rising voltage across the contacts. Low resistance
method is valid of AC circuit breakers only
Earthing screen provides protection to substation against:

1. Direct lightning strokes

2. Indirect lightning strokes
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Direct lightning strokes

The making capacity of a circuit breaker is expressed mathematically as

1. 2.55 x Symmetrical breaking capacity

2. √2 x Symmetrical breaking capacity
3. √3 x Symmetrical breaking capacity
4. √4 x Symmetrical breaking capacity
Correct answer: 1. 2.55 x symmetrical breaking capacity

Which of the following circuit breaker has highest noise produced when
operated under fault conditions:

1. Air blast circuit breaker

2. Oil circuit breaker
3. Vaccum circuit breaker
 4. SF6 circuit breaker
Correct answer: 1. Air blast circuit breaker

Breaking capacity of SF6 circuit breaker is not affected by:

1. Pollution
2. Atmospheric pressure
3. Weather and moisture
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

Bulk oil circuit breaker is generally suitable for voltage levels up to

1. 3.3 kV
2. 11 kV
3. 13.5 kV
4. 66 kV
Correct answer: 4. 66 kV

High speed circuit breakers can complete their operation in

1. 1 to 3 cycles
2. 6 to 12 cycles
3. 3 to 8 cycles
4. 8 to 36 cycles
Correct answer: 3. 3 to 8 cycles

Lightning arrestor should be installed

1. In close proximity to the circuit breaker

2. Away from the transformer
3. Near the transformer
4. Away from the circuit breaker
Correct answer: 3. Near the transformer

Reactance relay is generally preferred for protection against

1. Earth faults only

 2. Phase faults only
3. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Earth faults only

Percent bias for a generator protection lies between

1. 5 to 10
2. 10 to 20
3. 20 to 25
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. 5 to 10

Which of following is an advantage of isolated neutral system?

1. Voltage oscillations
2. Persistent arcing ground
3. Difficulty in earth fault relay
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these.

The grounding method that is employed to reduce the tower footing

resistance where earth resistance is low

1. Multiple rod
2. Single driven rod
3. Counterpoise
4. Plates
Correct answer: 2. Single driven rod

Neutral of power system can be connected to earth

1. Through register
2. Directly only
3. Through inductor
4. Any of above
Correct answer: 4. Any of above

Which of following is correct in a transmission line:

 1. Inductance < Capacitance
2. Inductance > Capacitance
3. Inductance = Capacitance
4. None of above
Correct answer: 2. Inductance > Capacitance

Fuses are used in circuits for which:

1. Frequent operations are expected

2. Frequent operations are not expected
3. Any of above
4. None of above
Correct answer: 2. Frequent operations are not expected

Which of the below mentioned CB is preferred for EHT applications:

1. Air break CB
2. Bulk oil CB
3. Low oil CB
4. SF6 CB
Correct answer: 4. SF6 CB

In HRC fuse, the time between cut-off and final current zero is termed:

1. Arcing time
2. Pre-arcing time
3. Total operating time
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Arcing time

The arc voltage in circuit breaker:

1. Lags arc current by 90°

2. Leads arc current by 90°
3. Lags arc current by 180°
4. Is in phase with arc current
Correct answer: 4. Is in phase with arc current
Which of the following device detects fault in power system

1. Relay
2. Circuit breaker
3. Isolator
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Relay

The operating time of fuse is around:

1. 0.002 s
2. 0.005 s
3. 0.2 s
4. 5 s
Correct answer: 1. 0.002 s

The least expensive protection for low voltage power system is:

1. Fuse
2. Circuit breaker
3. Isolator
4. SF6 breaker
Correct answer: 1. Fuse

The grounds wires are located:

1. Below the line conductors

2. In between the line conductors
3. Above the line conductors
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Above the line conductors

The directional overcurrent protection comprises:

1. Overcurrent relay only
2. Power directional relay only
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these
Back-up protection works when:

1. Primary protection fails

2. Secondary protection fails
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Primary protection fails

Inverse-time current relays are used for protecting:

1. Alternators
2. Transformers
3. Feeders
4. Transformers and Feeders
Correct answer: 1. Alternators

Overvoltage surges in a power system may be caused by:

1. Switching
2. Resonance
3. Lightning
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

Merz-price protection is employed for protection of:

1. Alternators
2. Transformers
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these

Which of following is used for protection of power system against

travelling waves:

1. Earthing screens
2. Overhead ground wires
3. Surge diverters
 4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Surge diverters

Which of following is used for protection against direct lightning strokes:

1. Lightning arrester
2. Ground wire
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these

The ideal scheme for overhead transmission lines protection is:

1. Distance protection
2. Differential protection
3. Time-graded overcurrent protection
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Distance protection

The fusing current I for a round wire having diameter d is given

mathematically by:

1. I ∝ d
2. I ∝ d^2
3. I ∝ d^3/2
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. I ∝ d^3/2

Which of the following CB is generally used in railway applications:

1. Air break CB
2. Bulk oil CB
3. Low oil CB
4. SF6 CB
Correct answer: 1. Air break CB

A fuse is always connected in:

 1. Series with circuit
2. Parallel with circuit
3. Series-parallel configuration with circuit
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Series with circuit

Arc interruption takes place in oil circuit breaker when:

1. Voltage goes through zero

2. Current goes through zero
3. Contacts move apparat
4. None of these
Correct answer: 2. Current goes through zero

Buchholz relays are used for transformers having ratings above:

1. 100 kV
2. 200 kV
3. 500 kV
4. 1000 kV
Correct answer: 3. 500 kV

The condition which causes transient instability in power system:

1. Loss of excitation in generator

2. Short circuit
3. Switching operations on line
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

The primary type of failure in wind power generation is in:

1. Aerodynamic system
2. Electrical system
3. Mechanical system
4. Both 2 and 3
Correct answer: 1. Aerodynamic system
Differential relays are installed for protecting equipment against:

1. Overcurrent
2. Reverse current
3. Internal faults
4. No voltage
Correct answer: 3. Internal faults

The value of the reheat factor is of the order of

1. 0.8 to 1.0
2. 1.0 to 1.05
3. 1.1 to 1.5
4. 1.5 to 10
Correct answer: 3. 1.1 to 1.5

A fault is more severe from RRRV point of view if it is a:

1. Short line fault

2. Medium line fault
3. Long line fault
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Short line fault

Solution of coordination equation takes into account:

1. All the operational constraints

2. All the system constraints
3. All the system and operational constraints
4. None of these
Correct answer: 4. None of these

Effect of bonding the cable is:

1. To decrease effective resistance and inductance

2. To decrease effective resistance but reduce inductance
3. To increase effective resistance but decrease inductance
4. To increase effective resistance and inductance
Correct answer: 3. To increase effective resistance but decrease
inductance

Surge conductance in electric power transmission lines is due to leakage

over:

1. Conductors
2. Insulators
3. Poles
4. Jumpers
Correct answer: 1. Conductors

The arc voltage produced in an AC circuit breaker is always

1. In phase with the arc current

2. In phase opposition with the arc current
3. Lagging the arc current by 90°
4. Leading the arc current by 90°
Correct answer: 1. In phase with the arc current

Capacitance voltage transformer is used to

1. Connect instruments on the LT side

2. Improve the power factor of the transmission
3. Reduce losses in power transmission line
4. None of these
Correct answer: 2. Improve the power factor of the transmission

Merz price current scheme protection is used for protection of

1. Transformer
2. Alternator
3. Both of these
4. Bus bars only
Explanation: Merz price current scheme protection is a differential
protection scheme that is used in transformer and alternators for
providing protection.
For which of the below mentioned protection from negative sequence
currents is provided

1. Generators
2. Motors
3. Transformers
4. Transmission line
Correct answer: 1. Generators

The relay that is preferred for phase fault on short transmission line

1. Impedance
2. Induction type
3. Reactance
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Reactance

A differential relay measures vector difference between

1. Two currents
2. Two or more similar electrical quantities
3. Two voltages
4. None of the above
Correct answer: 2. Two or more similar electrical quantities

Protective relays are devices that detect abnormal conditions in electrical

circuits by assessing

1. Constantly the electrical quantities which differ during

normal and abnormal conditions
2. Current during abnormal condition
3. Voltage during abnormal condition
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Constantly the electrical quantities which differ during
normal and abnormal conditions

Shunt capacitance is neglected in case of

 1. Long transmission line
2. Medium and long transmission lines
3. Medium transmission line
4. Short transmission line
Correct answer: 4. Short transmission line

A switchgear is used for

1. Interrupting an electrical circuit

2. Switching an electrical circuit
3. Switching and controlling an electrical circuit
4. Switching, controlling and protecting the electrical circuit and
equipment
Correct answer: 4. Switching, controlling and protecting the electrical
circuit and equipment

Insulation resistance of high voltage circuit breakers is greater than

1. 1 mega ohms
2. 10 mega ohms
3. 100 mega ohms
4. 500 mega ohms
Correct answer: 3. 100 mega ohms

If fault occurs near the impedance relay, the VII ratio will be

1. Constant for all distances

2. Higher than that of if fault occurs away from the relay
3. Lower than that of if fault occurs away from the relay
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Lower than that of if fault occurs away from the relay

When a transmission line is energized, the wave that propagates on it is

1. Current wave only

2. Voltage wave only
3. Both of above
4. Power factor wave only
Correct answer: 3. Both of above

The reflection co-efficient of the wave of load connected to transmission

line if surge impedance of the line is equal to load

1. Infinity
2. Unity
3. Zero
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Zero

A thermal protection switch can protect against

1. Over voltage
2. Overload
3. Short-circuit
4. Temperature
Correct answer: 2. Overload

As compared to a rewireable fuse, the HRC fuse has

1. High rupturing capacity

2. High speed of operation
3. No ageing effect
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

The arc voltage formed in AC circuit breaker is always

1. In phase with the arc current

2. Lagging the arc current by 90°
3. Leading the arc current by 90°
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. In phase with the arc current

Discrimination between main and back up protection is provided by

using relays that are
 1. Fact
2. Sensitive
3. Slow
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Slow

Bus coupler is very important in

1. Double bus, double breaker arrangement

2. Main and transfer bus arrangement
3. Single bus arrangement
4. All of these
Correct answer: 2. Main and transfer bus arrangement

Fault diverters are essentially

1. Circuit breakers
2. Fast switches
3. Fuses
4. Relays
Correct answer: 2. Fast switches

For cost and safety, the outdoor substations are installed for voltages
beyond

1. 11 kV
2. 110 kV
3. 33 kV
4. 60 kV
Correct answer: 3. 33 kV

The fuse rating is expressed in terms of

1. Current
2. kVA
3. VAR
4. Voltage
Correct answer: 1. Current
An isolator is installed

1. Always independent of the position of circuit breaker

2. As a substitute for circuit breaker
3. To operate the relay of circuit breaker
4. Usually on both sides of a circuit breaker
Correct answer: 4. Usually on both sides of a circuit breaker

Magnetic circuit breaker has

1. Delayed trip action

2. Instantaneous trip action
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 2. Instantaneous trip action

In order to ensure that current should flow without causing excessive

heating or voltage drop, the relay contacts should

1. Be clean and smooth

2. Be of sufficient size and proper shape
3. Have all above properties
4. Have low contact resistance
Correct answer: 3. Have all above properties

Directional relays are based on flow of

1. Current
2. Power
3. Voltage wave
4. All of these
Correct answer: 2. Power

The medium used for the extinction of arc in air circuit breaker

1. Air
2. Oil
3. SF6
 4. Water
Correct answer: 1. Air

A transmission line is protected by

1. Distance protection
2. Time graded and current graded over current protection
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these

The contacts of high voltage switches used in power system are

submerged in oil. The key purpose of the oil is to

1. Extinguish the arc

2. Insulate the contacts from switch body
3. Lubricate the contacts
4. All of these
Correct answer: 1. Extinguish the arc

Circuit breakers are basically

1. Arc extinguishers
2. Circuits to break the system
3. Current carrying contacts called electrodes
4. Transformers to isolate the two systems
Correct answer: 3. Current carrying contacts called electrodes

Ungrounded neutral transmission system is not recommended, that is,

since the system

1. Being inadequately protected against ground fault

2. Insulation being overstressed due to over voltages
3. Insulation overstress may lead to failure and subsequent
phase to phase faults
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these
Routine tests are conducted on

1. Air blast circuit breakers

2. Minimum oil circuit breakers
3. Oil circuit breakers
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

Circuit breakers generally operate

1. After DC Component has ceased

2. Under steady state of short-circuit current
3. Under sub-transient state of short-circuit current
4. Under transient state of short-circuit current
Correct answer: 4. Under transient state of short-circuit current

The property that can be neglected in case of a short line

1. Capacitance
2. Inductance
3. Reactance
4. Resistance
Correct answer: 1. Capacitance

The devices that will receive voltage surge first travelling on the
transmission line

1. Lightning arresters
2. Relays
3. Step-down transformer
4. Switchgear
Correct answer: 1. Lightning arresters

When a wave propagates on a transmission line, it suffers reflection

several times at

1. Load end
2. Sending and other end
 3. Sending end
4. Tapping
Correct answer: 2. Sending and other end

The short circuit in any winding of the transformer is the because of

1. Impulse voltage
2. Insulation failure
3. Loose connection
4. Mechanical vibration
Correct answer: 1. Impulse voltag

Overload relays are of

1. Induction type
2. Solid state type
3. Thermal type
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

To reduce short circuit fault currents the equipment used is

1. Capacitor
2. Reactor
3. Resistor
4. None of these
Correct answer: 2. Reactor

Overheating of relay contacts or contact born out is because of

1. Foreign matter on the contact surface

2. Slow making and breaking of load circuit contacts
3. Too low contact pressure
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

A fuse is never inserted in

 1. Negative of DC circuit
2. Neutral wire
3. Phase wire
4. Positive of DC circuit
Correct answer: 2. Neutral wire