BCH 223 Assignment 1 2021

NAME : SIBABALWE PORT
STUDENT NO: 201926032
MODULE : BCH 223
TASK : ASSIGNMENT 1
DATE :18 JANUARY 2021
Title: Photosynthesis
Introduction
All organisms on the earth need a way to obtain energy to survive. The process of creating
energy from light is known as photosynthesis. It’s an extensive process that undergoes
multiple steps that produces the oxygen we use to breathe. When light is absorbed into the
leaf of a plant, electrons within each photosystem are boosted to a higher energy level
(Urry.et al.2016). Once electrons are excited, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is produced.
Photosynthesis biochemical process by which green plants and other organisms transform
light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is
taken and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich
organic compounds. Photosynthesis take place in to two stages light – dependent reaction and
Calvin cycle. Light dependent reaction take place in thylakoid membrane use light to make
ATP and NADPH. It include the chemical formula: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2. There
are two types of photosynthesis oxygenic photosynthesis and an oxygenic photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis was observed based on O2 and CO2 concentrations that accumulated. These
concentration would show disk flotation. Results showed that light intensity had a desirable
effect on growth rates on S.Oleracea (Trimborn et al. 2007).
.Aim: The experiment is to find out how light intensity affect rate of photosynthesis.
Materials and Methods
Just before the experiment was conducted, some materials (chloroplast, glass, beaker and
sunlight). To do this I will place light intensity to various distance and observe to amount of
oxygen bubble given off from the reaction. Photosynthesis divided into two phases light
dependent and light independent. Take 30ml of water and carbon dioxide mixture into the
beaker and hydrate the plants into the beaker. In dark phase sunlight was not used make a use
of these organic energy molecules (ATP and NADPH) in this reaction cycle. Dark phase
only occur in stroma of a chloroplast. ATP provides the energy while NADPH provides
electrons to fix the CO2 into carbohydrates.
RESULTS
Table 1: Comparison of the two parts of photosynthesis.
Location Energy Major Product Energy

source reactants carriers
produced
Light Thylakoid light H2O O2 ATP,
dependent NADPH
Light Stroma ATP, CO2, RUBP Carbohydrate N/A
independent NADPH s
Figure 1- light phase and figure 2- dark phase.
Discussion
The process occur in the chloroplast of a plant cell and some similar bodies in prokaryotes
within the chloroplast the are bodies grana which consist of stacks of flattened membrane
called thylakoid disk filling the rest of the inner chloroplast membrane sac is a solution called
stoma. Many enzymes found in photosynthesis are found in the stroma. In the breakdown of
water O2 was produced and O2 is a by-product it not used anywhere in photosynthesis and
the energy carriers from the light dependent reaction drive to light independent. NADPH is
the rate liming that keeps dark phase separate, CO2 only used in dark phase and the
chloroplast contain high level of RUBP. Soluble carbohydrates when it is rapidly
photosynthesizing. Not all experiments can be done without some sort of error. Our high
intensity light treatment seemed to take a much longer time to notice any change then we
expected. The standard deviation was also higher than that of the medium lux treatment. One
possible reason is air bubbles in that particular syringe were present. Vacuoles could have
potentially bursted as a result of too much vacuum. To keep results more accurate in the
future.
Conclusion
The leaf I used is Pondweed. The parts of this typical leaf include upper and lower epidermis.
Mesophyll, Vascular bundles (veins) and the stomata. The experiment was quite successful
since I followed the way I did. The temperature was noticeable effect on the rate of
photosynthesis.
REFERENCES
Urry L.A, Cain ML, Waseman S.A, Minorsky PV, Reece JB 2016. Campbell biology in
focus. Pearson. 186.
Prinsley RT, Leegood RC. 1986. Factors affecting photosynthesis induction in spinach
leaves. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 849(2): 224-253.
http://media.collegeboard.com/digitalServices/pdf/ap/bio-manual/Bio_Lab5-
Photosynthesis.pdf
http://www.biologyjunction.com/5b-photoinleafdiskslesson.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XV9FOWleErA
http://www.berwicksclasses.org/AP%20Biology/Biology%20Assignments/AP
%20BIOLOGY%20Lab%204.htm
http://www.kabt.org/2008/09/29/video-on-sinking-disks-for-the-floating-leaf-disk-la

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NAME : SIBABALWE PORT

STUDENT NO: 201926032

MODULE : BCH 223

DATE :18 JANUARY 2021

Materials and Methods

Table 1: Comparison of the two parts of photosynthesis.

Location Energy Major Product Energy

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