Automatic Car Parking

Addis Ababa University
Addis Ababa Institute of Technology

School of Electrical and computer Engineering
Automated circular Car Parking system
A semester project submitted to the School of Electrical and Computer

Engineering as a fulfillment of the semester project course.
Submitted by: Advisor:

1. Aemro Getachew: ATR/3050/05 Getu Gabisa
2. Habteweld Getnet: ATR/3715/05
3. Meseret W/mariam : ATR/2447/05
February, 2017
SECE AAIT
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Addis Ababa Institute of Technology
Automated Circular Car Parking
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Certainly, help and encouragement from others are always appreciated, but in different times,
such magnanimity is valued even more, this dissertation would never
have been completed without the generous help and support that we received from
numerous people along the way.
First, we would like to thank our Almighty GOD for all things. Then we would like
to express our heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to our advisor Ato Getu Gabisa
for his invaluable advice and continuous support in strengthening the work to be completed.
Secondly, we would like to extend our gratitude to our beloved friends who have
always been there to support us and provide good and sensible advice.
Finally, we should thank our families, especially our parents for giving us love, life
opportunity and their unconditional support.
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ABSTRACT
Automatic car parking system is used to reduce the traffic in the parking place. Normally
we can see in the multiplexes, cinema, halls, large industries, and function hall there is a
problem they have to go and search for which place is empty to park the vehicle, for
parking then they need workers for parking in the correct position. It is the money
consumed process. So to avoid this problem, the proposed system offers safe and secure
parking without human intervention. Based on the availability of the slot user registration
is allowed and based on the slot allocated OTP will be issued to the corresponding user.
Parking is mandated at shopping malls, multiplexes, function hall, and industries. Using
GSM, Servo and Stepper motors, vehicular parking is proposed. IR sensors are used in
identifying the empty parking slots. Allocation of slot is starting from layer one in a
sequential manner done by the arduino system. This system handles users with the same
platform one after another manner. Users can get retriever their vehicle by feeding OTP to
the system as a password. Simply parking at the entrance of the venue and mobile
registration is required from the user end; rest of thing will be taken care by the proposed
system. The proposed system will solve the parking issue, with the advanced parking slot
booking.
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Traditional Car Parking ...............................................................
Figure 2.2 Robotic Car Park and its Working................................................
Figure 2.3 Integrated Car parking Solution ...................................................
Figure 2.4 Automated Circular Car Towers and its Working……………...
Figure 2.5Multi-level Parking ........................................................................

Figure 2.6 Hydraulic Stack and Rack Parking……………………………..
Figure 2.7 Smart Car Towers .........................................................................
Figure 2.8 Rotary Parking System .................................................................
Figure 3.1 Vertical Lift Parking System Sketch ............................................
Figure 3.2 Vertical Lift Parking System Vehicle unpacking operation .........
Figure 3.3 Rotary Parking System sketch ......................................................
Figure 3.4 Rotary parking system vehicle packing and unpacking operation
Figure 3.5 Puzzle Parking System sketch ......................................................
Figure 3.6 puzzle parking system unpacking operation.................................
Figure 3.7 Circular parking system sketch ...................................................
Figure 4.1 conveyor parameter
figure 4.2 motor torque speed curve
figure 4.3 motor torque speed curve with current graph add
figure 4.4 hosting motor
Figure 5.1 Angle indications with respect to pulse ........................................
Figure 5.2 Stepper motor ...............................................................................
Figure 5.3 Ir5mm ...........................................................................................
Figure 5.4 Arduino mega 2560 ......................................................................
Figure 5.5 System diagram
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Table of content
ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………….…………………… ii
Abstract………………………………………………………….……………….iii
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………. iv
CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the study………………………………… ………………1
1.2. Problem statement…………………………………………………………. 2
1.3. Objective of the study………………………………………………………2
1.4. Methodology………………………………………………………………..2
1.5. Significance of the study……………………………………………………3
1.6. Scope and Limitation of the study ………………………..……………… 3
1.6.1. Scope of the study …………………………………..…………… 3
1.6.2. Limitation of the study ……………………………..……………… 3.
CHAPTER TWO
2. Theoretical Background and Literature Review
2.1. History………………………………………………………………… …. 4
2.2. Parking defined …………………………………..……………………… 4
2.3. Types of parking ……………………………….………………………… 5
2.3.1 Traditional car parking…………………………………………….5
2.3.2 Automated car parking…………………………………………….6
2.4. Advantage and benefit of innovative and optimal car parking solutions …14
CHAPTER THREE
3. COCEPT GENERATION AND SELECTION
3.1. Introduction ……………………………………………….……………..16
3.1.1. Requirement of Automated parking system ……………….……….
3.2. Vertical lift parking system ……………………………………….………17
3.3. Rotary parking system ……………………………………….……………18
3.4. Puzzle parking system …………………………………………….………20
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3.5. Circular parking system …………………………………………………. 21

CHAPTER FOUR
4. Design Implementation and methodology
4.1 Introduction………………………………………………...……………..22
4.2 Conveyor system design ………………………………………..……… 22
4.3 Motor selection consideration…………………………………………….24
4.4 Power factor correction ……………………………………………… … 27
4.5 The installation of earthing ……………………………………..……… 27
4.6 Cables …………………………………………………… 27
4.7 Over current protection ………………………..……………………. ….. 28
CHAPTER FIVE
5. Project description and testing
5.1 Introduction………………………………..…………………………….30
5.2 Working principle …………………………………………………… 30
5.3 Features ……………………………………………………………….. 30
5.4 Partial program source code…………………………………………….33
5.5 System diagram………………………………………………………….44.
CHAPTER SIX
6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Conclusion………………………………………..…………………… 45
6.2 Recommendations…………………………………..………………… 45
References…………………………………………………………….………… 47
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the study

The progress of means of transportation has been intimately associated with the progress of
civilization. A self-propelled vehicle used for transportation of passengers and goods on land is
called cars. Its need their own operating space and parking. In urban area high number of cars is
operated and increasing rapidly. Cars are most popular transport means in the world. The reason
is that it owns and infrastructure development cost is cheaper than the other means of
transportation. As a result, it is dominant transportation means for passengers and goods.
As the city modernization progresses, the number of vehicles increases accordingly, Instead of
taking public transportation, people travel in personal vehicles to different locations in the cities
for convenience and to save time. Due to the lack of a well-planned policy for parking facilities,
the demand of parking spaces is generally much greater than the supply. A lot of solutions have
arisen to solve this problem: car towers contain floors above and below the ground level. This
solution save space as an advantage but health issues may occur. Reaching leaving the vehicle
maybe tiresome for the driver and the tower become contaminated with excessive car smoke. In
a final research thesis to propose a solution for this issue: automated rotary car parking system
that parks cars automatically. The automated car parking system aims to increase comfort for the
driver, and save money, time and effort.
Automated parking’s origins date back to as early as 1905 in Paris, which at the time had the
most cars parking mechanism of any metropolitan cities.
A car parking system is a mechanical device that multiplies parking capacity inside a parking lot.
In general there are two types of car parking systems: traditional (non-automated) and automated
car parking system. The traditional car parking systems have major disadvantage of large space
consumption, traffic congestion, increase fuel consumptions, increase air pollution, time
wastage, increase the chance of vehicles damage etc. On the other hand the automated car
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parking system has advantage of efficient space utilization, flexible operation without the need of
an attendant and added security; enhance the traffic system, less chance of vehicle damage etc.
1.2. Problem statement

As mentioned above in large cities like Addis Ababa the search for parking space in becoming
more and more difficult. The parking shortage in such cities keep creating more problems, wrong
parking can cause streets to overcrowd and hinder the flow of traffic. Other problems may
include the hours of time wasted in search of available parking space. One way walk tens or
hundreds of metes to search his destination. Driving around in search of an empty parking space
costs money in the shape of fuel consumption. The search of parking can also increase the risk of
car accidents and environmental hazards like contamination. Quickly finding a vacant space in
car towers contain floors above and below the ground level is difficult if not impossible,
especially on weekends or public holidays.
1.3. Objective of the study

The Main objective of this project is to design and implementation of a control system for
automated rotary car parking system which can park more vehicles with in small space.
The Specific objectives of the study include:-
 User registration
 OTP generation
 Servo controlled platform
 Slider arrangement
 Park slot identification starting from the first layer
1.4. Methodology
 Before all, we shall review the result of the studies carried out by literatures related to the
topic to understand the car parking. To know and understand the well existing gap.
 Select a suitable control.
 Coding of the control algorithm is written using C-Language which is compatible to our
Arduino controller.
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 Draw a control circuit using proteus simulation program.

 Design a small model to test the control system.
1.5. Significance of the study

This study will have the following contribution
 It reduce the time dissipated for park the particular vehicle
 It reduce the emission when the car is in parking process
 It reduce the accident, damage and scratching of the car in parking
 It show the other view of parking system for the country
 It reduce fuel consumption
 It helps the country economic growth and development
 To document the engineering aspect of car parking system by producing all detailed
design of each components
1.6 Scope and limitation of the study

1.6.1. Scope of the study
1. Because of time as well as seventeen percent of the country vehicles are exists in
the city so that the study is concentrated in Addis Ababa, the capital city of
Ethiopia.
2. The present work is aimed to develop a reduced working model of rotary car
parking system of 3 floor for parking 10 to 12 cars.
3. The study is focused also in small vehicles.
1.6.2. Limitation of the study
The most constraints of this study include:
 Difficulty in gaining access to relevant information based on vehicle category that

pertains to the study.
 A time constraint was also a limiting factor.
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CHAPTER TWO
Theoretical Background and Literature Review
2.1 History
With the increase in the number of vehicle in high-density urban housing the problem with a
limited amount of parking space appeared. The solution to this problem is the automated parking
system. The first such system was created in the United States the automatic parking system
attracted attention in the years 1940-1950, and the system used were bowser, pigeon Hole and
roto park. In the year 1957-1974 Bowser and pigon Hole systems were used. But due to frequent
mechanical related problems and prolonged waiting time for the vehicle, the interest in such a
solution significantly decreased. This interest, however, came back since1990, and already in
2012 there were 25 projects planned which yielded about 6000 parking spaces. While until 2016
the development of automated car parking system increased using more advanced technology to
made the parking system more easier and interactive feature.
With the rapid proliferation of vehicle availability and usage in recent years, finding a vacant car
parking space is becoming more and more difficult, resulting in a number of practical conflicts.
Parking problems are becoming ubiquitous and ever growing at an alarming rate in every major
city.
In the modern world, where parking space has become a very big problem and in the era of
miniaturization, it has become a very crucial necessity to avoid the wastage of space. By using
this model we park more cars, this system proves to be useful in reducing wastage of space and
park the more cars in smallest area. This Automatic Car Parking System enables the parking of
vehicles, floor after floor and thus reducing the space used. Here any number of cars can be
parked according to the requirement. This makes the system modernized and evens a space-
saving one.
2.2 Parking defined
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It is defined in two ways. The first way defines the parking as a status in which a driver stops
his/her car continuously so as to wait for goods or people, to load/unload the goods to and from
his/her car for 5 minutes or more, or to deal with accidents. The second way defines the parking
as a status in which a driver goes away from the car and cannot restart his/her car immediately.
2.3 Types of parking

In general there are two type of car parking system: Traditional and Automated car parking
system.
2.3.1 Traditional car parking

In this type of parking cars are parked along an end line of road or with the allocated specific
parking place and then draw lines by white paint.
These types of parking utilize a lot space and other problems may include the hours of time
wasted in search of available parking space. One way walk tens or hundreds of metes to search
his destination. Driving around in search of an empty parking space costs money in the shape of
fuel consumption. The search of parking can also increase the risk of car accidents and
environmental hazards like contamination
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Figure 2.1 Traditional car parking.
2.3.2 Automated car parking system

Automated car parking systems use a similar type of technology to that used for mechanical
parcel handling and document retrieval. The driver leaves the car inside an entrance area and
technology parks the vehicle at a designated area. Hydraulic or mechanical car lifters raise the
vehicle to another level for proper storing. The vehicle can be moved vertically (up or down) and
rotates to a vacant parking space then parked to slot using conveyer system until the car need
again. When the vehicle is needed, the process is reversed and the car lift transport the vehicle
back to the same area where the driver left it. The automated car parking system has many kinds
and some of these are:
 Robotic Car Park, Emirates Financial Towers, Dubai

The Emirates Financial Towers in Dubai, UAE, has an automated robotic car parking facility that
can store 1,191 cars and occupies a net internal area of 27,606 square meters. The modular
parking system is capable of multiple, simultaneous rapid pallet movement and is programmed to
control a peak capacity of 360 cars per hour. Fig. 2 illustrates few images of the amazing Robotic
Car Park. The automatic vehicle stacker is split over 9 floors, occupying a section each of
basement levels 4 to 1, ground floor and podium levels 1 to 4. The footprint is a mere 35.5 m x
98 m with a height of 22.5 m. Each parking space can accommodate vehicles up to 5,791 mm
(19 feet) long, 2,133 mm (7 feet) wide and with a weight up to 2500 kg. The maximum speed of
the system is 1.25 meters per second. The Emirates Financial Towers is a mixed use commercial
and retail building consisting of two towers. This car parking system is another perfect example
of optimum car parking solution, the robotic car park in Emirates Financial Towers; Dubai has
earned a Guinness World record of the largest automated car parking system.
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Fig. 2.2 Robotic Car Park and its Working
 Integrated car parking solution

Customize application suitable for various types of landscapes and buildings Structures available
below the ground. Ease control by soft touch on the operation panel screen. When a vehicle stops
in front of the entrance, automatically door opens and trolley transfers the vehicle to parking cell.
Misleading of this solution is it should be undergrounded. By this investment increases and lot
much space utilization is to be made.
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Fig.2.3 Integrated Car Parking Solution
 Automated Circular car parking system

The system is designed to park an unlimited number of vehicles in a circular building and it
reduces the amount of space required to park each vehicles. It operates with the driver parking
and leaving the vehicle in the parking bay at the entrance level .The movement of the car is
achieved by use of a lift to bring the vehicle to the required floor level and thereafter by a cart to
its parking bay.
The Car Towers, Wolfsburg, Germany

The car towers are a 20 - storey tall car storage towers in Wolfsburg, Germany. It is owned and
operated by Volkswagen, with a capacity of 800 car parks (400 each). The transparent cylindrical
building rise 48 meters or 150 feet above the ground, and are linked by fully automated delivery
system to both the Volkswagen factory and the customer new car pick up centre. Fig. 3 illustrates
few images of the amazing Car Tower. These car towers works like a giant vending machine: as
a new car arrives from the factory, it is transported by robot to an empty storage slot in one of the
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towers; when the customer shows up to collect the car, the same robot picking system fetches the
vehicle, brings it down to the ground level and transfer to the delivery building. Each tower holds
up to 400 cars on 20 levels and can process a car every 45 seconds during peak time.
Fig.2.4 Automated Circular Car Towers and its Working
 Multi-level car parking system

A multi-level car parking is essentially a building with number of floors or layers for the cars to
be parked. The different levels are accessed through interior or exterior ramps. An automated car
parking has mechanized lifts which transport the car to the different levels. Therefore, these car
parks need less building volume and less ground space and thus save on the cost of the building.
It also does away the need for employing too many personal to monitor the place. In an
automated car parking, the cars are left at the entrance and are further transported inside the
building by robot trolley. Similarly, they are retrieved by the trolley and placed at the exit for the
owner to drive away.
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Fig.2.5 Multi-Level Parking
 Hydraulic stack and rack parking

By making use of vertical space allows vehicles to be parked in the most efficient manner
possible. Being able to lift vehicle up allows them to be stacked vertically. The platform is
moved by a hydraulic system. The system enables two-three-four cars to be stacked one above
the other. It is a hydraulic mechanism which works very smooth, quite and reliable. The only
drawback is before lowering the platform or the upper parked vehicles the system need to
remove the lower vehicles first. This hydraulic stacking system is suitable for residential,
commercial buildings, shopping malls, etc. Despite its drawback there are many advantages of
this system as it doubles / triples the number of parking vehicles, it is very simple to handle, it
needs low maintenance, it takes less space to install, it can be lowered or raised mechanically
under power failure and the most important is the cost effectiveness as comparison to car parking
towers or robotic car parks or smart car towers.
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This type of system maximizes the amount of available parking by literally stacking three or four
cars in the space traditionally occupied by a single vehicle. Hydraulic Stack parking is not
always an ideal arrangement for drivers who may need to leave an event early or cannot wait
valet’s return after the event. This type of parking works best when the driver knows he or she
won’t be returning for the car for a significant length of time.
Fig. 2.6 Hydraulic Stack and Rack Parking
 Vertical lift parking system

Vertical Lift Parking Equipment is known as parking tower in the parking industry. System
combined with elevator and movable comb frame. The elevator lifts the car automatically to
the appointed layer and then the sliding comb frame will take over the car in time.
Smart Car Towers, Europe

The smart car towers are the most identifying element in the connection with the name smart.
The smart Towers have been erected and put into operation approximately 70 times in various
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countries of Europe including Germany, Netherlands, France, etc. With reference to the
corporate design, the tower reflects the most significant identification of modern mobility. Its
transparency and lucidity must be considered as a remarkable interpretation of innovative
thinking and commercial appeal. Fig. 6 illustrates few images of the Smart Car Towers.
As extraordinary as the vehicle, the hanging steel construction and seamless glass panes allow a
generous light flow and gives an unmistakable appearance. The entire steel construction rests on
4 main girders forming a distortion free overall frame. The smart towers are networked with call
centers via modem which generates transparency and reduces the response time of the expert
team. The approximate ground area required for smart car parking tower is 9.8 m x 9.8 m. The
number of levels (floors) can vary from 7 to 11 with varying parking capacity of 27 to 43 cars (4
cars per level, 3 cars on ground level/entrance area).
Fig. 2.7 Smart Car Towers
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 Rotary car parking

It is simple to operate with the driver parking and leaving the vehicles in the system at the
ground level. Once the driver leaves the incorporated safety zone the vehicle is automatically
parked by the system rotating to lift the parked car away from the bottom central position. This
leaves an empty parking space available at ground level. The Rotary Parking System circulates
the pallets vertically in which the cars are taken up and down by big chain.
It is simple to operate with the driver parking and leaving the vehicle in the system at the ground
level. Once the driver leaves the incorporated safety zone the vehicle is automatically parked by
the system rotating to lift the parked car away from the bottom central position. This leaves an
empty parking space available at the ground level for the next car to be parked on. The parked
car is easily retrieved by pushing the button for the relevant position number the car is parked on.
This causes the required car to rotate down to ground level ready for the driver to enter the safety
zone and reverse the car out of the system. Except vertical car parking system all other systems
use a large ground area, vertical car parking system is developed to utilize maximum vertical
area in the available minimum ground area. It is quite successful when installed in busy areas
which are well established and are suffering with shortage of area for parking. Although the
construction of this system seems to be easy, it will be par from understanding without the
knowledge of materials, chains, sprockets, bearings, and machining operations, kinematic and
dynamic mechanisms.
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Fig. 2.8 Rotary Parking System
2.4 Advantages and Benefits of Innovative and Optimum Car Parking Solutions
Following are the advantages and benefits of innovative and optimum urban car parking
solutions.
Space efficiency: Compared to conventional parking facilities, optimum car parking requires
much less space and volume to park an equivalent number of cars. Eliminating space inefficient
elements such as extra wide parking spaces, driving lanes, walkways, stairs and lifts the facility
volume can be reduced up to 50 percent as compared to conventional parking facilities.
Design Flexibility: The space utilization possibilities for optimum car parking is possible by
various designs above ground, underground, free standing, under building or integrated into
existing buildings. Flexible designs can be created in spaces where conventional parking is either
impossible or impractical such as very narrow or irregularly shaped areas. By flexible designs it
is possible to cater up to 200 parking spaces in a plot area measuring just 20 x 20 meters.
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Sustainability: Optimum car parking can reduce by more than 80 percent the Carbon-Dioxide
emissions by eliminating the need for cars to circle, idle and search for parking spaces. The
environmental benefits can be enhances by variety of construction materials available, reduced
construction disruption, reduced traffic congestion and shorter construction time.
Security and Speed: Vehicles can be parked in 80 percent less time than conventional parking,
as there is no maneuvering or looking for parking spaces required in the optimum car parking.
Vehicles and their contents can be protected from damage, theft and vandalism in optimum
automated car parking as no one needs to drives or has access to the vehicle once it enters the
parking area. Also the users can keep their vehicles locked all the time in optimum automated car
parking.
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CHAPTER THREE
Concept Generation and Selection
3.1. Introduction
In 2013/14, registered vehicles in the capital city have reached 337,880. It has 67.12 percent
growth when compared with 2011 data that was 202,123. This number is expected to be growing
at a rapid pace with the development of the socio-economic activity of the city and growing
purchasing power of its people. This challenge demands proactive planning to accommodate the
growth.
With the increase in population and vehicle in Addis Ababa city, traffic congestion and lack of
parking lots are the critical problems that the city is facing. To solve the current parking problem
in the city, more parking spaces are required. So introducing a new and modern concept design
of off-street parking, Smart Parking System (SPS), due to the fact that street parking requires
more space and hence street parking is not a permanent solution.
Smart Parking System can park more cars in less space than conventional parking systems
because the cars are moved by machines. No one is opening doors into your car. This reduces the
space needed to open doors as well as nicks and scratches normally received from parking. The
engines do not run after they enter the parking facility, which significantly reduces pollution.
There is also increased safety as there is no need for anyone to go into a parking.
3.1.1. Requirement of Automated Parking System:
 Park More Cars in Less Space
 Cost- effective
 Safety and Security for Car
 Reliable
 Keep Costs Down for the Facility
 Design Flexibility for Parking System
 Custom Design for Parking System
 Reduced Damage of Car
 Reduced Pollution- Less Carbon Emission (safe and environmentally friendly)
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3.2. Vertical Lift Parking System

Vertical Lift parking equipment Structure higher as parking tower and arrange 2-12 cars in one
layer achieve to store 100 cars or more in one system. The lift brings the vehicle to the
designated level and the vehicle is moved sideways into the parking area leaving the lift free to
accept another car for parking. Freely cars quantity arrange per layer character suitable for
different land. Multi entrances terminal accepted to meet peak time requirement. Fast store or
retrieve time and synchronous lifting and moving action.
The system consists of a multi-story steel structure with an internal elevator to transport cars to
upper levels where attendants parked the cars. The system may include a structure where the car
is taken to a parking area.. It should be designed to automatically move the vehicles on a pallet
vertically on the elevator, and then it is moved back and forth for storage. Very fast retrieval
time, about two minutes is desired. It should be controlled by an integrated computer system and
the overall operation can be viewed with one screen.,
Advantages
 High density parking as parking tower.
 Can make in 25 layers, and
 Customized design for irregular land size.
 Arrange several entries or exits at different directions.
 The cost per parking space is low.
 Low maintenance levels required by the system
 Combined with light, mechanical device, PLC control and computer management
integration.
 Store or retrieve a car 90 seconds in average.
 Multiple detection system ensures human safety at the entrance/exit room.
 Suitable for business area, office building, hospital, hotel, etc
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Operation
It operates by the driver parking the vehicle in the parking bay at the entrance level. Once the
driver leaves the safety zone incorporated into the parking bay the system automatically
commences the vehicle parking procedure.
The lift brings the vehicle to the designated level and the vehicle is moved sideways into the
parking area leaving the lift free to accept another car for parking.
Each pallet is marked with one number; driver can easily park or retrieve the car simply by pressi
ng the button of the pallet number on the control panel.
Fig.3.1 vertical lift parking system sketch
Fig.3.2 vertical lift parking system vehicle unpacking operation
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3.3. Rotary Parking System
The Rotary Parking (RP) system is designed to permit up to a maximum of 8 cars to be parked
easily and safely, on the surface area required to park 2 cars. It is simple to operate with the
driver parking and leaving the vehicles in the system at the ground level. Once the driver leaves
the incorporated safety zone the vehicle is automatically parked by the system rotating to lift the
parked car away from the bottom central position. This leaves an empty parking space available
at ground level, for the next car to be parked on.
Advantages
 Quick Automated Parking and retrieval of vehicles.

 Surface space required equivalent to just 2 surface car parking spaces.
 Most suitable for Staff or dedicated user parking.
 Engineered to ensure Driver safety by use of an electronic Safety zone.
 Low maintenance levels required by the system.
 Does not require a parking attendant.
 Easily constructed in a small area, just requiring a simple concrete base and 3 phase
electricity.
 This system is cost effective when extra land for surface parking is not available.
 Rotary parking is extremely reliable
Operation
There is one pallet for each parking space; all pallets could rotate in clockwise or counter-
clockwise direction to the ground floor according to the parking or retrieval order (from the contr
ol panel). Each pallet is marked with one number; driver can easily park or retrieve the car simpy
by pressing the button of the pallet number on the control panel.
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Fig.3.3 Rotary parking system sketch
Fig.3.4 Rotary parking system vehicle packing and unpacking operation
3.4. Puzzle Parking System

This System is designed where the structure for the parking zone consists of two or more levels
and all parking zones in the levels have a point which can be used as the entrance and exit. This
system parks vehicles by moving pallets in up-down and left-right directions. This is the
structure in which parking section consists of more than 2 stories and that uses all the parking
sections of the story where there is an entrance as the entrance.. It is designed so that the
automobile is parked by the pallet moving up and down as well as right and left.
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Fig.3.5 puzzle parking system sketch
Fig.3.6 puzzle parking system unpacking operation
3.5. Circular Parking System

The Circular Parking (CP) system is designed to park an unlimited number of vehicles in a
circular building. This system drastically reduces the amount of space required to park each
vehicles and has an average retrieval time of two minutes. It operates with the driver parking and
leaving the vehicle in the parking bay at the entrance level .The movement of the car is achieved
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by use of a lift to bring the vehicle to the required floor level and thereafter by a cart to its
parking bay.
Fig.3.7 circular parking system sketch
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CHAPTER FOUR
Design Implementation and Methodology
4.1. Introduction
Automated circular car parking system consists of many electrical and mechanical components.
The assessment of the design of automated circular car parking consists of identifying the type of
motors, cables and the protection mechanism used in the implementation of the system.
The design considerations are described below:
4.2.Conveyor System Design

Conveyors are mechanized devices used to move materials in relatively large quantities between
specific locations over a fixed path. There are many type of conveyor system among those belt
type of conveyors system are used in a wide variety of material transport application such as
manufacturing, food processing, parking system and heavy industry.
The basic design information required are: Length of conveyor measured in meter (or feet) from
center to center of pulleys parallel to the belt line, Inclination of conveyor measured in degree off
the horizontal, Maximum and Minimum material density measured in kilogram per cubic meter
(or pound per cubic foot) ; the maximum density is used for power calculation while the
minimum density is used in the conveyor calculation.
Calculation for conveyor belt

Belt tension: the belt of the conveyor always experience a tensile load due to the
rotation of the electric drive, weight of the conveyed materials and due to idlers. The
tension at the steady state can be calculated as:
Tb = 1.37* f* L* g *[2*mi +(2*mb + mm)*cos(δ)] +[H* g* mm]……..(reported by bright hub

engineering website)
Where :-
23 | P a g e
Tb =tension in Newton
f =coefficient of friction
L=conveyor length in meter. Conveyor length is approximately half of the total
belt length.
g=Acceleration due to gravity
mi=load due to idlers in Kg/m
mb=load due to belt in Kg/m
mm=load due to conveyed material in Kg/m
δ= Inclination angle of the conveyor in degree.
H= vertical height of the conveyor in meter
Figure 4.1 conveyor parameter
mi this can be calculated as below:

mi = mass of set of idlers / idlers spacing
Power at the driver pulley: the power required at the drive pulley can be calculated
from the belt tension as below:
Pp = (Tb * V)/1000
Where: Pp = power in KW
Tb = steady state belt tension
V= belt speed in m/sec.
Belt tension while starting the system: Initially during the start of the conveyer
system, the tension in the belt will be much higher than the tension in the steady state.
The belt tension while staring can be calculated as:
24 | P a g e
Tbs = Tb * Ks
Where: Tbs =starting belt tension in Newton
Tb = steady state belt tension in Newton
Ks =the start up factor.
Sizing of the motor: the minimum motor power can be calculated as:
Pm = Pp/Kd………………(reported by bright hub engineering)
Where: Pm = motor power in KW
Pp = the power at the drive pulley in KW
Kd = drive efficiency
4.3 Motor Selection

There are many type of motor, from high cost high performance servo to models at the
cheaper end of the range, including many specialist type of motor. Choosing the right
one for any given application depends on many variables, but very often a standard
industrial AC induction motor is the best answer. These are relatively low cost, reliable,
efficient, and well understood by engineers across all industrial sectors. The main
consideration for selection for motor can be outlined as follows: [G.E Industry, 1999]
A. Voltage
The motor nameplate voltage is determined by the available power supply which must
be known in order to properly select a motor for a given application. The nameplate
voltage will normally be less than the nominal distribution system voltage. The
distribution voltage is the same as the supply transformer voltage rating; the utilization
voltage set at a slightly lower level to allow for a voltage drop in the system between the
transformer and the motor leads.
B. Frequency standards
The predominant frequency system in Ethiopia is 50 hertz. However 60 hertz system
are common in some other countries.
C. Poly-phase/single-phase power system
25 | P a g e
The power system can be single phase or poly phase. Single phase power, which is
most commonly found in homes and in small commercial establishments. Poly phase
power system consists of two or more alternating current of equal frequency and
amplitude but offset from each other by a phase angle. A three phase power system
having phase A,B and C. each phase is offset by 120 degree. For motors, an advantage
of three phase power is simpler construction which requires less maintenance. Also , a
more powerful machine can be built into small frame and will generally operate at a
higher efficiency than single phase motor of the same rating.
D. Motor output rating speed
The speed at which an induction motor operates is dependent upon the input power
frequency and the number of electrical magnetic poles for which the motor is wound.
The higher the frequency, the faster the motor run and the more pole the motor has the
slower it run. The speed of the rotating magnetic field in the stator is called synchronous
speed.
Synchronous speed (rpm)= (120* Frequency)/number of pole
Full load speed of the motor will be less than synchronous speed. The difference
between them is called slip. Percent slip is defined as
Percent slip = ((synchronous speed-full load speed)/synchronous speed)*100
Induction motor are built having rated slip ranging from less than 5% to as much as
20%. A motor with a slip of less than 5% is called normal slip motor. Motor with a slip of
5% or more are used for application requiring high starting torque like conveyor system.
E. Torque and horsepower
Torque and horsepower are the two keys motor characteristics that determine the size
of the motor for an application. Torque is merely a turning effect or force acting through
a radius and horsepower is a measure of the rate at which work is done. The relation
between torque and horsepower is given as:
P(W) =(2*π*rpm*T)/60
26 | P a g e
Locked rotor torque: the torque which the motor will develop at rest with rated voltage
and rated frequency is applied.
Pull up torque: the minimum torque developed during the period of acceleration from
locked rotor to the speed at which breakdown torque occurs.
Breakdown torque: the maximum torque the motor will develop with rated voltage
applied at rated frequency without an abrupt drop in speed.
Full load torque: is the torque necessary to produce rated horsepower at full load speed.
F. Motor current
In addition to the relationship between speed and torque, the relation of the motor
current to these values is an important application consideration.
KVA for induction motor is calculated as follows:

For three phase motor
27 | P a g e
KVA= √3*line current* line volt
For single phase

KVA= current* volt
Fig .4.1 hoisting motor

4.4 Power factor correction
Most electrical installations have a low power factor because loads are inductive in nature and
cause the current to lag behind the voltage. A capacitor has the opposite effect to an inductor
causing the current to lead the voltage. Therefore by adding capacitance to an inductive circuit
the n the power factor can be corrected.
4.5 The installation earthing

In the parking system design we also consider the arrangement of the earthing to protect the
system from lighting.
4.6 Cables
In the design of the car parking system we also consider the cables that are used during
implementation. Most cables can be considered to be constructed in three parts: the conductor
which must be of a suitable cross-section to carry the load current; the insulation which has a
28 | P a g e
color or number code for identification, and the outer heath which may contain some means of
providing protection from mechanical damage.
Existing fixed cable core colors

Single phase-RED for phase conductor, BLACK for neutral conductors and Green combined
with Yellow for earth conductor.
Three phase- RED, YELLOW and BLUE for phase conductor, BLACK for neutral conductor
and Green combined with Yellow for earth conductor.
4.7 Over current protection

The consumer’s mains equipment must provide protection against over current; that is, a current
exceeding the rated value. Fuses provide over current protection when situated in the live
conductors; they must not be connected in the neutral conductors. Circuit breakers may be used
in place of fuse, in which case the circuit breaker may also provide the means of isolation,
although a further means of isolation is usually provided so that maintenance can be carried out
on the circuit breakers themselves. Over current can be subdivided in to overload current and
short circuit current. An overload current can be defined as a current which exceeds the rated
value in an otherwise healthy circuit. Overload currents usually occur because the circuit is
abused or because it has been badly designed or modified. A short circuit is an over current
resulting from a fault of negligible impedance connected between conductors. Short circuits
usually occur as a result of an accident which could not have been predicted before the event. An
overload may result in currents of two or three times the rated current flowing in the circuit
.Short circuit currents may be hundreds of times greater than the rated current. In both cases the
basic requirements for protection are that the fault currents should be interrupted quickly and the
circuit isolated safely before the fault current causes a temperature rise which might damage the
insulation and terminations of the circuit conductors. The selected protective device should have
a current rating which is not less than the full load current of the circuit but which does not
exceed the cable current rating. The cable is then fully protected against both overload and short
circuit faults
Cable selection calculation
29 | P a g e
The size of the cable to be used for an installation depends upon the current rating of the cable
under defined installation conditions and the maximum permitted drop in voltage. The factor
which influence the current rating are:
 The design current- the cable must carry the full load current
 The surrounding temperature- cable resistance increase as temperature increases and
insulation may melt if the temperature is too high.
 The type of protection- for how long will the cable have to carry a fault current
 The maximum allowable voltage drop not exceed 4% of the main voltage from EBCS-10
Voltage drop for cable = Factor * Design current * Length of the cable
The cable rating It = current rating of protective device/any applicable correction factor
The correction factors are given below:
Ca = the ambient or surrounding temperature correction factor.
Cg = the grouping correction factor.
Cr = the 0.725 correction factor to be applied when semi-enclosed fuse protect the circuit.
Ci = the correction factor to be used when cables are enclosed in thermal insulation
Having calculated the cables rating, the smallest cable should be chosen from the appropriate
table which will carry that current. If the voltage drop is greater than the 4% value, the next
larger cable size is selected which satisfy the voltage drop criteria.
30 | P a g e
CHAPTER FIVE
Project description
5.1. Introduction
This part describes the overall functionality of the project and lists the features and
specifications of the project hardware and software.
5.2. Working principle

Arduino mega 2560 is the heart of the total hardware, and here every component is
interconnected with the arduino mega 2560. In this process, three sensor were used, and each
sensor was placed in each floor by that it can sense and move by floor by floor. In this, we are
using two steeper motor which were connected to the arduino so that it can move by floor by
floor in upward and downward direction. In this we are using two servo motors which were also
connected to the arduino actually, one servo motor can moves can move 180 rotation but here in
our process we need 360 degree rotation so to avoid this problem, we connected two servo
motors by that it becomes (180 degree + 180 degree = 360 degree) so that it can move in a
circular way in 360 degree rotation. Here there is a keypad which is used by the user to enter the
OTP that was given to the user. Here we are using GSM for security purpose. IR5mm to identify
the slot for the park as well as retrieve the car. By using this secured car parking management
system, we can park a number of vehicle.
5.3 Features
Servo motor
A servo motor is an electrical device which can push or rotates an object with a great precision.
If you want to rotate an object at some specific angle, then we are using servo motor. The
position of a servo motor is decided by an electrical pulse and its circuits. For DC servo motor
generally have a separate dc source for field winding and armature winding. The servo motor
controlled by field current and armature current.
31 | P a g e
Figure 5.1 angle indication with respect to pulse

Stepper motor
The stepper motor is special type of electric motor that means that moves up and down rotating
the motor. In this stepper, the motor number of teeth increase the performance of stepper motor
increase. It rotates step by step process. The speed of the motor is determined by the time delay
between each incremental movement
Figure 5.2 stepper motor

IR Sensor
In my proposed system using IR5mm to identify the slots for park the car as well as retrieve the
car
32 | P a g e
Fig 5.3 IR5mm
GSM Modem
GSM modem just accept certain command through a serial interface and acknowledged. These
commands are called AT commands. There is a list of AT commands to instruct the modem to
perfom its functions. Every command starts with “AT” that is why they are called AT
commands. In our proposed system is used to GSM modem to register the user phone number on
a keypad. Using GSM modem OTP will be generated and transmitted to that particular person
phone number.
Arduino mega 2560

It is an open source physical computing platform based on a simple microcontroller board, and a
development environment for writing software for the board. Arduino can be used to develop
interactive objects, taking input from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of
lights, motors, and other physical outputs. The main advantage of arduino is to depot the
program number of times and program can be removed easily. We can tell the board what to do
by sending set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. Allocation of slots starting
from layer one in a sequential manner done by arduino system.
Arduino mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital
input/output pins (of which 14 can be used as a PWM output), 16 aanalog input, 4 UARTs
33 | P a g e
(hardware serial ports), a 16MHZ crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header, and a reset button.
Specifications and futures of arduino mega 2560
some of the detailed technical specification is given below:-
 Operating voltage of 5V
 16MHZ clock speed
 The number of digital I/O’s pins is 54
 The number analog input pins is 16
 4 hardware serial ports
 Flash memory: 32KB
 SRAM: 2KB
 EPROM: 1KB
Figure 5.4 arduino mega 2560

5.4 Partial Program source code
#include <EEPROM.h>
int vala, valb, valc, vald, vale, valf, valg, valh, vali, valj, valk, vall, up, down, UP, DOWN;
int valarray[12];
void rest(); void sixtyD(); void twohD(); void oneightyD(); void threehD(); void onetwenyDegree();
34 | P a g e
int mmm(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, int f, int g, int h, int i, int j, int k, int l, int up, int down);
void upcase(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, int f);
void downcase( int g, int h, int i, int j, int k, int l);
void fw();
void bw();
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(5, OUTPUT);
pinMode(8, OUTPUT);
pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
pinMode(11, OUTPUT);
sensor();
}
void loop()
{
}
int sensor()
{
int a = 0;
while (a == 0) {
a++;
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
vala = digitalRead(22);
valb = digitalRead(23);
valc = digitalRead(24);
vald = digitalRead(25);
vale = digitalRead(26);
valf = digitalRead(27);
valg = digitalRead(28);
35 | P a g e
valh = digitalRead(29);
vali = digitalRead(30);
valj = digitalRead(31);
valk = digitalRead(32);
vall = digitalRead(33);
UP = digitalRead(47);
DOWN = digitalRead(48);
up = vala && valb && valc && vald & vale && valf;
down = valg && valh && vali && valj && valk && vall;
valarray[0] = vala; valarray[1] = valb; valarray[2] = valc; valarray[3] = vald; valarray[4] = vale;
valarray[5] = valf; valarray[6] = valg; valarray[7] = valh; valarray[8] = vali; valarray[9] = vali; valarray[10] =
valj; valarray[11] = valk;
int i = 0;
for (i; i <= 11; i++) {
EEPROM.update(i, valarray[i]);
valarray[i] = EEPROM.read(i);
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(" ");
Serial.print(valarray[i], DEC);
Serial.println();
}
delay(100);
mmm(valarray[0], valarray[1], valarray[2], valarray[3], valarray[4], valarray[5], valarray[6], valarray[7],
valarray[8], valarray[9], valarray[10], valarray[11], up, down);
}
}
int mmm(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, int f, int g, int h, int i, int j, int k, int l, int up, int down)
{
switch (up)
{
case 0:
{
upcase(a, b, c, d, e, f);
break;
36 | P a g e
}
case 1:
{
for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++)
{
fw();
}
break;
}
}
switch (down)
{
case 0:
{
downcase( g, h, i, j, k, l);
break;
}
case 1:
{
for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++)
{
bw();
}
break;
}
}
if ((up && down) == 1)
{
rest();
Serial.println("car parking is full.");
}
}
void upcase(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, int f)
{
37 | P a g e
if (a == 0) {
rest();
delay(3600);
upcase( 1, b, c, d, e, f);
valarray[0] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
EEPROM.update(0, valarray[0]);
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(" ");
Serial.println();
}
}
else if (b == 0) {
rest();
sixtyD();
delay(3600);
upcase( a, 1, c, d, e, f);
valarray[1] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(" ");
Serial.println();
}
}
else if (c == 0) {
rest();
onetwenyDegree();
delay(3600);
38 | P a g e
upcase( a, b, 1, d, e, f);
valarray[2] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(" ");
Serial.println();
}
}
else if (d == 0) {
rest();
oneightyD();
delay(3600);
upcase( a, b, c, 1, e, f);
valarray[3] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(" ");
Serial.println();
}
}
else if (e == 0)
{
rest();
twohD();
delay(3600);
upcase( a, b, c, d, 1, f);
valarray[4] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
39 | P a g e
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(" ");
Serial.println();
}
}
else if (f == 0) {
threehD();
delay(3600);
upcase( a, b, c, d, e, 1);
valarray[5] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(" ");
Serial.println();
}
}
}
void downcase( int g, int h, int i, int j, int k, int l) {
if (valg == 0)
{
rest;
delay(3600);
downcase( 1, h, i, j, k, l);
valarray[6] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
40 | P a g e
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(" ");
Serial.println();
}
}
else if (valh == 0) {
rest();
sixtyD();
delay(3600);
downcase( g, 1, i, j, k, l);
valarray[7] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(" ");
Serial.println();
}
}
else if (vali == 0) {
rest();
onetwenyDegree();
delay(3600);
downcase( g, h, 1, j, k, l);
valarray[8] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(" ");
Serial.println();
41 | P a g e
}
}
else if (valj == 0) {
rest();
oneightyD();
delay(3600);
downcase( g, h, i, 1, k, l);
valarray[9] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(" ");
Serial.println();
}
}
else if (valk == 0) {
rest();
twohD();
delay(3600);
downcase( g, h, i, j, 1, l);
valarray[10] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(" ");
Serial.println();
}
}
else if (vall == 0) {
rest();
42 | P a g e
threehD();
delay(3600);
downcase( g, h, i, j, k, 1);
valarray[11] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(" ");
Serial.println();
}
}
}
void fw() {
digitalWrite(8, HIGH); digitalWrite(9, LOW); digitalWrite(10, LOW); digitalWrite(11, LOW);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(8, LOW); digitalWrite(9, HIGH); digitalWrite(10, LOW); digitalWrite(11, LOW);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(8, LOW); digitalWrite(9, LOW); digitalWrite(10, HIGH); digitalWrite(11, LOW);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(8, LOW); digitalWrite(9, LOW); digitalWrite(10, LOW); digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
delay(500);
}
void bw() {
delay(500);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(8, LOW); digitalWrite(9, HIGH); digitalWrite(10, LOW); digitalWrite(11, LOW);
delay(500);
delay(500);
}
43 | P a g e
void rest()
{
digitalWrite(2, LOW); digitalWrite(3, LOW); digitalWrite(4, LOW); digitalWrite(5, LOW);
delay(500);
delay(500);
delay(500);
delay(500);
}
void twohD() {
digitalWrite(2, LOW); digitalWrite(3, HIGH); digitalWrite(4, HIGH); digitalWrite(5, LOW);
delay(300);
digitalWrite(2, HIGH); digitalWrite(3, LOW); digitalWrite(4, LOW); digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
delay(300);
delay(50);
}
void oneightyD() {
delay(50);
delay(5);
}
void sixtyD() {
delay(50);
}
void onetwenyDegree() {
// delay();
digitalWrite(2, LOW ); digitalWrite(3, HIGH); digitalWrite(4, LOW); digitalWrite(5, LOW);
delay(50);
44 | P a g e
}
void threehD() {
delay(300);
digitalWrite(2, HIGH); digitalWrite(3, LOW); digitalWrite(4, LOW); digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
delay(300);
delay(50);
}
5.5 System diagram
Figure 5.5 system diagram
45 | P a g e
CHAPTER SIX
Conclusion and Recommendations
6.1. Conclusion
The Main objective of the study is to design auto secured car parking system which can
park more number of vehicles with in a small space.The concepts regarding car parking
system have been reviewed in the litrature review part. Auto secured car parking is one of
the major role in traffic area, multiplexes, apartments and industrial area etc.; the system that
is discussed here provides the following advantage:
 Security to the vehicle without human being
 To maximize parking capacity in the least amount of space with parking systems that
provide the most cost-effective and efficient parking
 Environmentally friendly(it saves open space can be used to plant trees or make other
buildings)
 Advantages to drivers and it saves time looking for free parking space
 Advantages to builders use the area and the volume of the parking space more
efficiently. This leads to more parking of cars in the same given space and
causes more financial gains by the builders.
 It plays a major role in creating better urban environment by reducing the emission
of CO2 and other pollutants
The disadvantage of the system that is discussed here is investment cost is high.
6.2. Recommendation
The design analysis was made on implementing a car parking system which can park more
number of vehicles with in a small space, so we recommend the following items:
 Commercial building such restaurant, hotel, and cafe is need car parking
spaces to attract the customers. If the car parking spaces are not available in
the building, most of customers will make reservation to other building and
places.
46 | P a g e
In general the implementation of the design need a high and continuing degree of political,
institutional and human resource commitment to ensure that their benefits are sustained for the
establishment of car parking system with appropriate authority and ability to plan and implement
the design measures is necessary. Moreover, it is clear that as Addis Ababa continues to develop.
As such, all sectors and stakeholders must pitch in to improve the parking mechanisms.
47 | P a g e
References
Implementation and Simulation of Rotary Automated Car Parking System ,Saad Eldin Suliman
Yousif Ali , January 2016.
www.ijsdr.org
Design And Simulation Of a Multi-Storey Smart Parking System, Eng. Mohanad Saad Ahmed
AL-Hidai August 2015.
http://addisababaonline.com/parking-remains-a-serious-problem-in-addis-ababa/
http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/3050/1/ferilli_car_parking_market.pdf
48 | P a g e
49 | P a g e

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Addis Ababa University

Addis Ababa Institute of Technology

Automated circular Car Parking system

A semester project submitted to the School of Electrical and Computer

Submitted by: Advisor:

Figure 2.5Multi-level Parking ........................................................................

3.5. Circular parking system …………………………………………………. 21

1.1. Background of the study

1.2. Problem statement

1.3. Objective of the study

 Draw a control circuit using proteus simulation program.

1.5. Significance of the study

1.6 Scope and limitation of the study

 Difficulty in gaining access to relevant information based on vehicle category that

 A time constraint was also a limiting factor.

Theoretical Background and Literature Review

2.2 Parking defined

2.3 Types of parking

2.3.1 Traditional car parking

Figure 2.1 Traditional car parking.

2.3.2 Automated car parking system

 Robotic Car Park, Emirates Financial Towers, Dubai

Fig. 2.2 Robotic Car Park and its Working

 Integrated car parking solution

Fig.2.3 Integrated Car Parking Solution

 Automated Circular car parking system

The Car Towers, Wolfsburg, Germany

Fig.2.4 Automated Circular Car Towers and its Working

 Multi-level car parking system

Fig.2.5 Multi-Level Parking

 Hydraulic stack and rack parking

Fig. 2.6 Hydraulic Stack and Rack Parking

 Vertical lift parking system

Smart Car Towers, Europe

Fig. 2.7 Smart Car Towers

 Rotary car parking

Fig. 2.8 Rotary Parking System

Concept Generation and Selection

3.2. Vertical Lift Parking System

Fig.3.1 vertical lift parking system sketch

Fig.3.2 vertical lift parking system vehicle unpacking operation

3.3. Rotary Parking System

 Quick Automated Parking and retrieval of vehicles.

Fig.3.3 Rotary parking system sketch

Fig.3.4 Rotary parking system vehicle packing and unpacking operation

3.4. Puzzle Parking System

Fig.3.5 puzzle parking system sketch

Fig.3.6 puzzle parking system unpacking operation

3.5. Circular Parking System

Fig.3.7 circular parking system sketch

Design Implementation and Methodology

4.2.Conveyor System Design

Calculation for conveyor belt

Tb = 1.37* f* L* g *[2*mi +(2*mb + mm)*cos(δ)] +[H* g* mm]……..(reported by bright hub

Figure 4.1 conveyor parameter

mi this can be calculated as below:

4.3 Motor Selection

KVA for induction motor is calculated as follows:

Tb = 1.37* f* L* g [2mi +(2mb + mm)cos(δ)] +[H* g* mm]……..(reported by bright hub

KVA= √3line current line volt