Name__________________________________period_______________AP chemistry Unit 10 worksheet

1. Find the oxidation number for each atom in the following

a. H2 b. H2O c. HNO3 d. SO4 2- e. Al
0 +1 -2 +1 +5 -2 +6 -2 0

f. MgO g. Al2O3 h. O2 i. ClO3- j. Mn2O7 2-

+2 -2 +3 -2 0 +5 -2 +6 -2

k. H2S l. Cl2 m. Al2O3 n. PO4 3-

+1 -2 0 +3 -2 +5 -2

2. Arrange the following in order of increasing oxidation number of the xenon atom
XeF8-, Xe, XeF2, XeO3, XeF
Xe, XeF, XeF2, XeO3, XeF8-

3. In each of the following redox reactions, identify the elements that undergo changes in oxidation number and
indicate the magnitude of the change
a. I2O5 + 5CO  I2 + 5CO2 Iodine changes by 5; Carbon changes by 2
2+ +
b. 2Hg + N2H4  2Hg + N2 + 4H Hg by 2; N by 2
+ -
c. H2S + 2H + 2NO3  2S + 2NO + 4H2O S by 2; N by 3

4. Of the following reactions, label if they are redox or not. If they are redox, identify what is oxidized and what is
reduced.
a. 2Na + Cl2  2NaCl yes; sodium is oxidized, chlorine is reduced
b. 2 H2O  2 H2 + O2 yes; hydrogen is reduced, oxygen is oxidized
c. NaCl + AgNO3  AgCl + NaNO3 no
2+ 2+
d. Cu + Zn  Zn + Cu yes; copper is reduced, zinc is oxidized
2- - 2-
e. I2 + SO3 + H2O  2I + SO4 + 2HI yes, iodine is reduced, sulfur is oxidized
5. Balance the following reactions in acids
a. Zn + SO42-  Zn2+ + SO2
Zn + 4H+ + SO42-  Zn2+ + SO2 + 2H2O
b. I2 + OCl- IO3- + Cl-
H2O + I2 + 5OCl- 2IO3- + 5Cl- + 2H+
c. Cr2O72- + I-  Cr3+ + IO3-
Cr2O72- + I- + 8H+ 2 Cr3+ + IO3- + 4H2O
d. MnO4- + CH3OH  Mn2+ + HCO2H
4MnO4- + 5CH3OH + 12H+4 Mn2+ +5 HCO2H + 11H2O
6. For each of the following incomplete reactions, state whether a redox reaction is likely to occur and complete the rxn.
a. Mg + Sn2+ Mg2+ + Sn spontaneous
b. Ag + Cu2+ Ag+ + Cu No reaction
c. Br2 + I- Br- + I2 spontaneous reaction
7. Are the following reactions spontaneous?
+3 +2
a. Cr + Ni Cr + Ni no
(aq) (s) (s) (aq)
- -
b. Br + 2I 2Br +I yes
2(l) (aq) (aq) 2(s)
- +2
c. Cl + Sn  Cl + Sn yes
2(s) (s) (aq) (aq)
+3 +3
d. Al + Au Al + Au yes
(s) (aq) (aq) (s)
8. a.What is reduced in 9c? chlorine b. What is oxidized in 9d? aluminum
gained electrons lost electrons
9. A. Use the following to deduce the order of reactivity of elements w,x,y,z
w + x+  w+ +x y+ + z  no reaction w, x, y, z (most likely to be oxidized least likely)
x+z x +z
+ +
x + y+  x+ + y

b. Will the following reactions occur?

i. w+ + y  w + y+ ii. w + + z  w + z+
No No
10. In a voltaic cell, transfer of charge through the external wires occurs by means of
(a) ionization (b) ion migration (c) electron migration (d) proton migration
+2 +3
11. The following questions are about this cell: Pb + Al  Pb + Al

a. Identify the anode and the cathode. c. Write the ½ reaction that occurs at the anode
anode: Al Cathode: Pb Al  Al3+ + 3e-
b. How do the electrons flow? d. In what direction do the cations flow?
From Al to Pb toward Pb solution
e. What is the cell voltage? f. In what direction do the anions flow? To Al
1.53 V
12. Calculate the Ecell for each of the following and tell if the reaction is spontaneous or not.
a. H2 + I2  2H+ + 2I- 0.536 V; spontaneous
b. Ni + 2Cs+  Ni2+ + 2 Cs -2.67 V; nonspontaneous
c. 2Al3+ + 3Cd  2Al + 3Cd2+ -1.26 V; not spontaneous

13. Use the Pb and Zn cell

A. Which electrode is the cathode?
a. Pb
b. Zn
c. Neither.
B. Which electrode is the anode?
a. Pb
b. Zn
c. Neither.
C. At which electrode will oxidation occur?
a. Pb
b. Zn
c. Neither.
E. What is the cell voltage?
D. At which electrode will reduction occur?
0.63 V
a. Pb
F. Which way do the electrons flow in the external circuit?
b. Zn a. From Pb to Zn.
c. Neither b. From Zn to Pb.
E. 0.63 V c. No electron flow occurs
14. A voltaic cell utilizes the following reaction: Al + 3 Ag+  Al3+ + 3Ag. What is the effect on the cell voltage for each of
the following changes?
a. Some aluminum nitrate is added to the anode compartment, increasing the concentration of aluminum ion.
Decreases cell voltage
b. The size of the aluminum electrode is increased no change
c. Additional water is added to the cathode compartment decreases cell voltage
d. Sodium nitrate is added to the anode compartment. No change

15. How many seconds will it take to plate out 7.8 grams of zinc from a solution of Zn(NO3)2 using a 23.0 Ampere
current? 1000 S

16. A Cr3+ solution is electrolyzed using a current of 9.75 A. What mass of Cr is plated out after 1.50 days?
227 g

17. MnO4–(aq) + H+(aq) + C2O42–(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g). What is the coefficient of H+ when the above reaction
is balanced?
a. 16 b. 2 c. 8 d. 5 e. 32

18. Zn(s) + Cu2+(1 M) → Cu(s) + Zn2+(1 M). The cell has a voltage that is measured and found to be +1.10 V.
a. What happens to the voltage when a saturated ZnSO4 solution is added to the zinc compartment of the cell?
decreases
b. What happens to the cell voltage when the copper electrode is made smaller? No change
c. What happens to the cell voltage when the salt bridge is filled with deionized water instead of 1 M KNO 3?
Goes to zero
d. What happens to the cell voltage after the cell has operated for 10 minutes? Decreases
19. Cr2O72– + 14 H+ +3 S2– → 2 Cr3+ + 3 S + 7 H2O. For the reaction, pick the true statement from the following.
a. The S2– is reduced by Cr2O72–.
b. The oxidation number of chromium changes from +7 to +3.
c. The oxidation number of sulfur remains –2.
d. The S2– is oxidized by Cr2O72–.
e. The H+ oxidizes the S.
Practice FRQ
Answer the following questions involving the stoichiometry and thermodynamics of reactions containing aluminum
species. 2 Al2O3(l) + 3 C(s)  4 Al(l) + 3 CO2(g)
An electrolytic cell produces 235 g of Al(l) according to the equation above.
a. Calculate the number of moles of electrons that must be transferred in the cell to produce the 235 g of
Al(l). Al3+ + 3 e-  Al , therefore, 3 mol e- transferred per mol Al
235 g Al x 1 mol Al x 3 mol e-
26.98 g 1 mol Al = 26.1 mol e-
b. A steady current of 152 amp was used during the process. Determine the amount of time, in seconds,
that was needed to produce the Al(l). 26. 1 mol e- x 9.65 x 104 C x 1sec = 1.66 x 104 s
-
1 mol e 152 C
b. Calculate the volume of CO2(g), measured at 301 K and 0.952 atm, that is produced in the process.
8.71 mol Al x 3 mol CO2 = 6.53 mol CO2
4 mol Al
0.953 atm x V = 6.53mol (0.0821)(301K) = 1.70 x 10 2 L CO2
d. For the electrolytic cell to operate, the Al2O3 must be in the liquid state rather than in the solid state.
Explain.
Al2O3 is an ionic compound; in the solid state it will not conduct electricity. In order for the cell
to operate, Al2O3 must be in the liquid state so that the ions are mobile and able to move to the electrodes
to react (and/or complete the circuit).
 When Al(s) is placed in a concentrated solution of KOH at 25 oC, the reaction represented below occurs.
2 Al(s) + 2 OH-(aq) + 6 H2O(l)  2 [Al(OH)4]-(aq) + 3 H2(g)
Half reaction Eo (V)
[Al(OH)4]-(aq) + 3e-  Al(s) + 4 OH-(aq) -2.35 V
2 H2O(l) + 2e-  H2(g) + 2 OH-(aq) -0.83 V

e. using the table of standard reduction potentials shown above, calculate the following
i. Eo, in volts, for the formation of [Al(OH)4]-(aq) and H2(g) at 25 oC.
-0.83 – (-2.35) = 1.52 V
ii. ΔGo, in kJ / molrxn, for the formation of [Al(OH)4]-(aq) and H2(g) at 25 oC
-6(9.65x104 C)(1.52V) = -8.80 x 102 kJ

Review
20. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in chlorine-37? 17,20,17

21. A mixture of helium and neon gases has a total pressure of 1.2 atm. If the mixture contains twice as many moles of
helium as neon, what is the partial pressure due to neon?
a. 0.2 atm b. 0.3 atm c. 0.4 atm d. 0.8 atm e. 0.9 atm

22. Which of the following gases would be expected to have a rate of effusion that is 1/3 as large as that of hydrogen?
a. oxygen b. nitrogen c. helium d. water e. carbon dioxide

23. When chlorine gas is combined with fluorine gas, a compound is formed that is 38% chlorine and 62% fluorine .
What is the empirical formula of the compound? ClF3

24. Which form of orbital hybridization can form molecules with shapes that are either trigonal pyramidal or
tetrahedral?
a. sp b. sp2 c. sp3 d. spd e. spd2
25. How many grams of PbSO4 dissolve in 1 L of solution? (PbSO4 Ksp = 1.8 x 10-8 ) 0.041 g
26. A.
i. successful molecular collisions must have sufficient energy in order to result in reaction. Only collisions with
sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier will be able to reach the transition state and begin to
break F-F bonds (must talk about activation energy)

ii. For a collision to be successful, the molecules must have correct orientation. Only collisions with the correct
orientation will be able to begin to form an N-F bond and begin to break an F-F bond as the transition state is
approached.

b. The rate law that is consistent with the mechanism is the one on the right above (rate = k[NO2][F2]
Step I is the slower step and the rate-determining step in the mechanism. Since step I is an elementary reaction, its
rate law is given by the stoichiometry of the reacting molecules, rate = k[NO 2][F2]

27. A. 0.701 atm

b. 0.14 atm
c. 2.2

d. Kp will increase. According to Le Chatlier’s principle, raising the temperature of an endothermic reaction at
equilibrium produces more products so Kp will increase.

e. Decrease: Q (1.0)< Kp (2.2) thus the reaction will consume SO2Cl2 as it proceeds in the forward direction toward
equilbrium