Echology Concepts and Principles

PRESENTATION
ON
ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT AND

PRINCIPLES OF ECOSYSTEM
Prepared By
Mrs. Reena Yadav
Lecturer
Pushpanjali College Of
Nursing, Agra
ECOLOGY
The study of inter-relationships of
living and non living things.
It is derived from a Greek word “Oikos”
which means Household.
The word ecology was suggested by a
German biologist Ernst Haekel.
ECOLOGY
ACCORDING TO TAYLOR
Ecology is the science of study of all
the relations of all organism to all their
environment.
ACCORDING TO ODUM
Ecology is the study of structure and
functions of nature.
ECOLOGY
ACCORDING TO PATRIDES
Ecology is the study of environmental
interaction which control the welfare of
living things regulated their distribution,
abundance and evolution.
ECOLOGY
The component of nature, which includes
different forms of life, and their physical and
chemical environment.
The process of interaction among different
forms of life and non living things. (physical
and chemical environment).
How different forms of life can live in
harmonious relation to their surroundings.
How different forms of life and their
surroundings can be controlled and regulated
to maintain their health and welfare.
Cont…………
A basic concept in ecology is that of the
ecosystem, which includes a given area's
biological community of organisms and the
interacting components of the physical
environment—the soil, atmosphere, and the
phenomenon of weather.
Cont…………
A pond, for example, may be considered an
ecosystem, or we may consider the entire earth's
surface as the dynamic system of life with its
indispensable support systems of air, water, energy,
and minerals.
Functionally, in any ecosystem we can study either
its living components or its nonliving factors. All the
interacting living organisms within a given
ecosystem constitute its living component or biotic
community
AREAS OF ECOLOGICAL
SYSTEM
PROTOPLASM CELL TISSUE
ORGAN ORGAN SYSTEM ORGANISM
POPULATION COMMUNITIES
ECOSYSTEM BIOSPHERE
POPULATION
It refers to the group of individuals of
any one kind living together in a
particular locality.
community
It is the association of various
populations in a particular locality.
ECOSYSTEM
An ecosystem is formed when the
community and the non living
environment interact and function
together.
BIOSPHERE
The world of living things and is
comprised of parts of earth
(lithosphere), the thin layer of air above
the surface of the earth (atmosphere),
and water (hydrosphere).
ECOSYSTEM
Tansley
as the system resulting from the
integration of all living and non living
factors of the environment. It is the basic
functional unit of ecology.
It is the interactive system established
between biocoenosis (a group of living
creatures) and their biotope (the
environment in which they live).
Components of an ecosystem
• Abiotic – the non living factors of an ecosystem –

geology, water and soils.
• Producers or Autotrophs – organisms which
manufacture their own food eg green plants make their
own food using the sun’s energy
• Consumers or Heterotrophs - organisms that cannot
make their own food – they must obtain energy from
other animals and organisms
• Decomposers – organisms that break down other
organisms (eg Bacteria)
Being a Consumer/Heterotroph!
• Herbivore – Eats only plants (Primary)

• Detrivore – Eats dead plants and animals
• Carnivore – Eats other animals (Secondary)
• Omnivore – Eats both plants and animals
FOOD WEB
1.Everything is related to everything else.

2.Everything must go somewhere.
3.Nature knows the best.
4.There is no such thing as a free lunch.
1.Everything is related to everything else.

that is all living and non living things in an
ecosystem are interconnected. Manipulation
in any one form of living or non living thing
will have a harmful effect on the environment.
For eg. deforestation causes a great
destruction to the environment as well as the
humans.
Everything must go somewhere

the waste of one organism is taken as the food
of some other organism which helps in the
removal of waste from the environment.
There is no such thing as a free lunch

In order to preserve the nature anything which
is removed from the nature by human efforts
must be replaced and anything which is added
to it must be removed.
Nature knows the best

human changes within the natural system do
not always improve that system and may
prove to be detrimental. For eg. use of air
conditioners, pesticides.
FACTORS AFFECTING ECOSYSTEM AND
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
• Population explosion
• Industrialization
• Urbanization
• Modern Agricultural Practices
• Automobiles
• Deforestation
• Radioactive substances
• Natural calamities
Direct health impacts
• Vulnerability has increased as a result of the growth

of population Increased
• Exposure to ultra violet radiation
• Exposure to pollutants of air, water, land, noise
pollution and by radiation has created many health
problems.
ECOSYSTEM MEDIATED HEALTH IMPACTS
• Increased risk of communicable and infectious

• diseases
• Reduced food yields
• Depletion of natural
• Mental health problems medicines
• Poor environmental conditions and low standard of
living

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PRESENTATION

ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT AND

• Abiotic – the non living factors of an ecosystem –

• Herbivore – Eats only plants (Primary)

1.Everything is related to everything else.

1.Everything is related to everything else.

Everything must go somewhere

There is no such thing as a free lunch

Nature knows the best

• Vulnerability has increased as a result of the growth

• Increased risk of communicable and infectious

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