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    Research and Development

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    Rahul Buks
    This document defines and discusses research and development (R&D). It defines research, experimental development, and R&D. R&D comprises creative and systematic work to increase knowledge and devise new applications. There are three types of R&D: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. For an activity to be considered R&D, it must be novel, creative, uncertain, systematic, and transferable/reproducible. The document also lists what is not considered R&D and discusses the importance of R&D in enabling growth, increasing knowledge, and driving innovation.

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    Research and Development

    Uploaded by

    Rahul Buks
    139 views8 pages
    This document defines and discusses research and development (R&D). It defines research, experimental development, and R&D. R&D comprises creative and systematic work to increase knowledge and devise new applications. There are three types of R&D: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. For an activity to be considered R&D, it must be novel, creative, uncertain, systematic, and transferable/reproducible. The document also lists what is not considered R&D and discusses the importance of R&D in enabling growth, increasing knowledge, and driving innovation.

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    This document defines and discusses research and development (R&D). It defines research, experimental development, and R&D. R&D comprises creative and systematic work to increase knowledge and devise new applications. There are three types of R&D: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. For an activity to be considered R&D, it must be novel, creative, uncertain, systematic, and transferable/reproducible. The document also lists what is not considered R&D and discusses the importance of R&D in enabling growth, increasing knowledge, and driving innovation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    139 views8 pages

    Research and Development

    Uploaded by

    Rahul Buks
    This document defines and discusses research and development (R&D). It defines research, experimental development, and R&D. R&D comprises creative and systematic work to increase knowledge and devise new applications. There are three types of R&D: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. For an activity to be considered R&D, it must be novel, creative, uncertain, systematic, and transferable/reproducible. The document also lists what is not considered R&D and discusses the importance of R&D in enabling growth, increasing knowledge, and driving innovation.

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    RESEARCH

    &
    DEVELOPMENT
    Sakil Malik
    www.gcfil.com
    Definition
    ◦ Research
    Research is the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order
    to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
    ◦ Experimental Development
    Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on knowledge gained from
    research and practical experience and producing additional knowledge, which is
    directed to producing new products or processes or to improving existing products or
    processes.
    ◦ Research and Development
    Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work
    undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge—including knowledge of
    humankind, culture and society—and to devise new applications of available
    knowledge.
    Common Features
    A set of common features identifies R&D activities, even if these are carried out by
    different performers. R&D activities may be aimed at achieving either specific or general
    objectives. R&D is always aimed at new findings, based on original concepts (and their
    interpretation) or hypotheses. It is largely uncertain about its final outcome (or at least
    about the quantity of time and resources needed to achieve it), it is planned for and
    budgeted (even when carried out by individuals), and it is aimed at producing results
    that could be either freely transferred or traded in a marketplace. For an activity to be
    an R&D activity, it must satisfy five core criteria.
    ◦ The activity must be:
    • novel
    • creative
    • uncertain
    • systematic
    • transferable and/or reproducible
    There are three types of R&D:
    • Basic research
    Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new
    knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena and observable facts, without any
    particular application or use in view.
    • Applied research
    Applied research is original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is
    directed primarily towards a specific, practical aim or objective.
    • Experimental development
    Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on knowledge gained from research
    and practical experience and producing additional knowledge, which is 20 directed to
    producing new products or processes or to improving existing products or processes.
    What is NOT R&D?
    o Construction and acquisition of land and facilities used primarily for R&D (reported separately in this survey)
    o Fixed equipment used primarily for R&D (reported separately in this survey)
    o Program planning and evaluation
    o Business development services for new companies
    o Commercialization (includes promoting/producing the products/services from R&D projects)
    o Economic/policy/feasibility studies
    o General patient services
    o Information systems
    o Management studies
    o Marketing of products/services
    o Market research or analysis
    o Routine data collection/dissemination
    o Routine monitoring/testing
    o Strategic planning
    o Technology transfer
    Importance of R&D

    GROWTH KNOWLEDGE INNOVATION


    Q&A

    ◦Any Questions?

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